CN105588931A - KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure - Google Patents
KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105588931A CN105588931A CN201610014952.8A CN201610014952A CN105588931A CN 105588931 A CN105588931 A CN 105588931A CN 201610014952 A CN201610014952 A CN 201610014952A CN 105588931 A CN105588931 A CN 105588931A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- balancing gate
- gate pit
- pressure
- pore water
- rubber membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure and belongs to the field of geotechnical engineering measuring instruments. The KO consolidometer comprises a machine body and a data acquisition instrument, wherein the machine body comprises a pressure chamber, a first rubber membrane and a second rubber membrane are nested on the inner side wall of the pressure chamber sequentially, the upper end and the lower end of the pressure chamber are connected with a top fixing plate and a bottom fixing plate respectively, the inside of the upper end and the inside of the lower end of the pressure chamber are connected with a top cap and a pressure-bearing base respectively, the side edge of the top fixing plate is contacted with the side edge of the top cap, a first water inlet pipeline is arranged on the pressure-bearing base, one end of a first water-inlet three-way valve on the first water inlet pipeline is connected with a pore water pressure sensor, a water outlet pipeline is arranged on the top cap, a second water inlet pipeline is arranged at the lower part of the side wall of the pressure chamber, one end of a second water-inlet three-way valve on the second water inlet pipeline is connected with a side pressure sensor, and an exhaust pipe is arranged at the upper end of the side wall of the pressure chamber. The KO consolidometer capable of measuring the pore water pressure can monitor the pore water pressure in real time during KO consolidation, rubber membranes can be prevented from being worn out in a test, and the test accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure, belong to Geotechnical Engineering and surveyMeasuring appratus field.
Background technology
In existing specification, (SL237-1999) is defined as for earth pressure at rest coefficient:In natural earth or artificial earth fill, the horizontal effective stress of any point and vertical effective stress itThan being called this earth lateral pressure coefficient. The method of determining earth pressure at rest coefficient has original position to surveyExamination and two kinds of methods of laboratory test. In-situ test is mainly by the swollen test of side and the other sides such as test of carryingMethod is directly measured earth pressure at rest coefficient at the scene; Laboratory test is mainly passed through triaxial testDetermine earth pressure at rest coefficient with K0 consolidation test.
K0 consolidation apparatus is the conventional geotechnological instrument of one of measuring earth pressure at rest coefficient, its basePresent principles is in the pressure chamber of a sealing, to produce side direction bulging by the vertical loading soil body to becomeWhen shape, utilize Sensor monitoring lateral pressure, utilize lateral pressure and vertical pressure ratio (orThe ratio of person's lateral pressure changing value and vertical pressure changing value) determine the Stationary side pressure of the soil bodyCoefficient.
Key technology in K0 consolidation test is to guarantee that rubber membrane sealing is intact water-tight, is levelAccurately test and lay a good foundation to pressure.
Conventional K0 consolidation apparatus is made up of base, middle ring and pressed on ring and dial gauge etc. at present, inIn ring, be airtight rubber membrane, in process of the test, in airtight rubber membrane, be full of without steam distillation water,After Plumb load, lateral pressure is surveyed after being passed to sensor by the water in rubber membraneAmount. Because this KO consolidation apparatus is not installed pore water pressure sensor, for saturated sample insidePore water pressure cannot directly be monitored, and only in test treats hole by opening water discharging valveAfter dissipating, water pressure obtains effective stress value. The state that in test, water discharging valve keeps out always,Along with the increase of vertical load, in sample deformation increase process, can cause soil structures to be destroyed, leadThe level that causes test is inaccurate to pressure, and then affects the test of earth pressure at rest coefficientValue. In addition,, after sample excessive deformation, the permeable stone of top and bottom can be pressed into and be surrounded by rubberThe pressure chamber of film, now can cause rubber membrane to be galled by permeable stone, directly causes test after leakingFailure.
So there is hole that can not the fixed middle sample of tested K O inside in existing KO consolidation apparatusWater pressure, and the permeable stone of K0 consolidation apparatus top and bottom directly contacts with airtight rubber membrane, nothingAny impact mitigation measure, easily causes when vertical load is excessive that rubber membrane is galled by permeable stone.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure, canRealize the fixed Pore Pressure Real-Time Monitoring of K0, and can prevent that rubber membrane from being ground in testBroken, improve measuring accuracy.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above by following technological means:
A kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure of the present invention, it comprises body and data acquisitionCollection instrument, described body comprises balancing gate pit, described balancing gate pit is cylinder-like structure, balancing gate pitMadial wall overlaps successively the first rubber membrane and the second rubber membrane, and described the first rubber membrane is routed up pressureThe outdoor sidewall of power, upper and lower two ends, described balancing gate pit connect with fixing top board and fixed base plate respectivelyConnect, the inside at two up and down of balancing gate pit is connected with top cap and bearing base respectively, fixing topThe side of plate contacts with the side of top cap, and described bearing base is stuck in the pressure-bearing on fixed base plateIn base groove, on the cap of described top, be provided with load pressure transmission plate, on described load pressure transmission plate, establishBe equipped with dial gauge, on described bearing base, be provided with the first inlet pipeline, described the first water inlet pipeOn road, be provided with the first inlet triplet for water valve, the first inlet triplet for water valve one end and pore water pressureSensor connects, and on the cap of described top, is provided with outlet pipeline, and balancing gate pit's lower sidewall is provided withThe second inlet pipeline, is provided with the second inlet triplet for water valve on described the second inlet pipeline, theTwo inlet triplet for water valve one end are connected with side pressure sensor, and balancing gate pit's side wall upper part is provided with rowAir pipe, is bolted to connection between described fixing top board and fixed base plate.
On described fixing top board and fixed base plate, be provided with sealing ring, described the second rubber membrane is logicalCrossing O type circle and top cap and bearing base is tightly connected.
Described the first rubber membrane is connected with fixed base plate with fixing top board by sealing ring.
The structure of described top cap and bearing base is permeable stone and is embedded in lucite.
Described dial gauge, pore water pressure sensor and side pressure sensor are all and data acquisitionInstrument connects.
Described the second inlet pipeline and gas exhaust piping are all and between the first rubber membrane and balancing gate pitCavity is communicated with.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, by airtight whole test macro and sample system, in conjunction with pore water pressure sensorCan realize the Real-Time Monitoring of K0 consolidation process Pore Pressure;
2, design by the top cap being embedded in by permeable stone in lucite, prevent rubberFilm directly contacts with permeable stone, can ensure that rubber membrane is not galled by permeable stone in test, keeps awayExempt to affect measuring accuracy.
3, dial gauge, pore water pressure sensor and side pressure sensor are all and data collecting instrumentConnect, test data is pooled on data collecting instrument, can be intuitively by data collecting instrumentRead out the real time data of level to lateral pressure and sample internal void water pressure.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is fixed base plate top view of the present invention.
Wherein: 1, body, 2, data collecting instrument, 3, balancing gate pit, 4, the first rubber membrane,5, the second rubber membrane, 6, fixing top board, 7, fixed base plate, 8, top cap, 9, at the bottom of pressure-bearingSeat, 10, bearing base groove, 11, load pressure transmission plate, 12, dial gauge, 13, first enterWater lines, 14, the first inlet triplet for water valve, 15, pore water pressure sensor, 16, drainingPipeline, 17, the second inlet pipeline, 18, the second inlet triplet for water valve, 19, lateral pressure passesSensor, 20, gas exhaust piping, 21, bolt, 22, sealing ring, 23, permeable stone, 24,Lucite, 25, O type circle.
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail, and the one of the present embodiment can gaging hole gapThe KO consolidation apparatus of water pressure, it comprises body 1 and data collecting instrument 2, described body 1Comprise balancing gate pit 3, described balancing gate pit 3 is cylinder-like structure, and balancing gate pit's 3 madial walls successivelyCover has the first rubber membrane 4 and the second rubber membrane 5, and described the first rubber membrane 4 is routed up balancing gate pit 3Lateral wall, described balancing gate pit Shang Xia 3 two ends respectively with fixing top board 6 and fixed base plate 7Connect, the inside at two up and down of balancing gate pit 3 is connected with top cap 8 and bearing base 9 respectively,The side of fixing top board 6 contacts with the side of top cap 8, and described bearing base 9 is stuck in fixingIn bearing base groove 10 on base plate 7, on described top cap 8, be provided with load pressure transmission plate11, on described load pressure transmission plate 11, be provided with dial gauge 12, on described bearing base 9, arrangeThere is the first inlet pipeline 13, on described the first inlet pipeline 13, be provided with the first inlet triplet for water valveDoor 14, the first inlet triplet for water valve 14 one end are connected with pore water pressure sensor 15, instituteState on top cap 8 and be provided with outlet pipeline 16, balancing gate pit's 3 lower sidewall are provided with second and enterWater lines 17, is provided with the second inlet triplet for water valve 18 on described the second inlet pipeline 17,Second inlet triplet for water valve 18 one end are connected with side pressure sensor 19, on balancing gate pit's 3 sidewallsPortion is provided with gas exhaust piping 20, between described fixing top board 6 and fixed base plate 7, passes through bolt21 are fixedly connected with.
On described fixing top board 6 and fixed base plate 7, be provided with sealing ring 22, described secondRubber membrane 5 is tightly connected by O type circle 25 and top cap 8 and bearing base 9.
Described the first rubber membrane 4 is by sealing ring 22 and fixing top board 6 and fixed base plate 7Be connected.
The structure of described top cap 8 and bearing base 9 is permeable stone 23 and is embedded in luciteIn 24.
Described dial gauge 12, pore water pressure sensor 15 and side pressure sensor 19 all withData collecting instrument 2 connects.
Described the second inlet pipeline 17 and gas exhaust piping 20 all with the first rubber membrane 4 and pressureCavity between chamber 3 is communicated with.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in use, first need to use without steam distillation water saturation saturatingWater stone 23, uses without steam distillation water simultaneously and gets rid of inlet pipeline 13, discharge pipe line 16, and pass throughDischarge the first rubber membrane and pressure without steam distillation water by inlet pipeline 17 and gas exhaust piping 20Air in power chamber body, ensures that inside cavity is full of without steam distillation water, then starts test.Open K0 consolidation apparatus bolt 21, the first rubber membrane 4 is inserted in to balancing gate pit, must note can notAllow the first rubber membrane 4 and the second rubber membrane 5 produce in test excessive tension force and form pre-answeringPower; When the first rubber membrane 4 is routed up to 3 outside, balancing gate pit, can be at lateral wall and the first rubber membrane4 contact positions are tightened with rubber band, prevent that rubber membrane from producing mobile. Sample is packed into holding filmIn the second layer rubber membrane 5 that cylinder supports, in setting-out process, put in advance bearing base 9 well, willSample is put gently to bearing base 9, passes through O type circle 25 by one of the second rubber membrane 5Be fixed on bearing base 9, ensure that bottom the second rubber membrane 5 is airtight with sample, sample with holdPress base 9 contact positions need place filter paper; Permeable stone 23 in bearing base 9 is by nothingAir water is saturated.
The sample and the bearing base 9 that pack in the second rubber membrane 5 are put into balancing gate pit 3 togetherIn, now need, with the air between rubber pipette bulb back suction balancing gate pit 3 and the first rubber membrane 4, to guaranteeThe second rubber membrane 5 and bearing base 9 that sample is housed can be put into balancing gate pit 3 smoothly, need simultaneouslyNote reserved holding on first inlet pipeline 13 positions at bearing base 9 places and fixed base plate 9Press base groove 10 positions consistent; Bearing base 9 is stretched in balancing gate pit 3 to 5mm.This kind of dress sample order can better be protected sample, and sample is not destroyed in installation process,Tradition K0 consolidation apparatus balancing gate pit finite volume, if installed after water-filling between balancing gate pit and rubber membraneSample, sample is difficult to push in, and pushes away by force sample and can cause sample destruction and rubber membrane to pull open;If fill sample before water-filling between balancing gate pit and rubber membrane, saturated sample is easily fallen into again pressureChamber, produces disturbance and affects test result sample.
Strut second layer rubber membrane 5, utilize O type circle 25 that second layer rubber membrane 5 is solid with top cap 8Fixed, note groove location phase reserved on discharge pipe line 16 positions on top cap 8 and fixing top board 6Unanimously, top cap 8 need be placed filter paper with sample contact position; Top cap 5 is stretched in balancing gate pit 3 extremely5mm left and right. Then add a cover fixing top board 6, utilize bolt 21 will fix top board 6 and fixed base plate 7Fixing, before fixing, should be noted that whether the first rubber membrane 4 and the position of balancing gate pit 3 occurred to movePhenomenon is adjusted if needed, if without directly fixing; The first rubber membrane 4 is now still tightPaste balancing gate pit's 3 inwalls.
Take off rubber pipette bulb, in the space of the first rubber membrane 4 and balancing gate pit 3, inject air free water, noteWater speed should strictly be controlled, unsuitable too fast, guarantees air thoroughly to discharge, and enters by secondWater lines 17 repeatedly water-filling realizes; Now need K0 consolidation apparatus slightly to do, ensure exhaustIn the space of pipeline 20 top the first rubber membranes 4 and balancing gate pit 3, be also full of air free water.
Add a cover load pressure transmission plate 11, and the position of definite load bar and measure vertical deviation hundredThe accurate height of submeter 12. Open the valve that connects side pressure sensor 19, Ce Ji balancing gate pit 3Middle water pressure is the side pressure sensor reading of 1 o'clock, determines pore water pressure according to this method simultaneouslyThe reading of sensor 15; After sensor is stable, can prepare to start test. Start test, execute step by stepAdd xial feed, interval reading to schedule, until every stage pressure stablize after-applied nextStage pressure.
In this patent, all the sensors is all pooled on data collecting instrument, passes through data collecting instrumentRealize the Real-Time Monitoring of level to lateral pressure and sample internal void water pressure. Every first class pressureUnder, stable standard is that deflection per hour is not more than 0.01mm. Structural for someThe poor soil body, can on K0 consolidation apparatus, directly enforcement be saturated, based on the saturated principle profit of headSaturated with regulating the first inlet triplet for water valve 14 and discharge pipe line 16 to realize sample, until examinationWhen approaching very much, inflow in sample and water yield think that sample is saturated. In addition test,Before beginning, the demarcation of pore water pressure sensor and side pressure sensor is for result of the testAlso be very important. After off-test, must comprehensively clean K0 consolidation apparatus,Prevent that metal parts from producing corrosion phenomena.
Finally explanation, above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described but notRestriction, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, this area commonTechnical staff should be appreciated that and can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention,And not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in right of the present inventionIn the middle of claimed range.
Claims (6)
1. the KO consolidation apparatus that can survey pore water pressure, is characterized in that: comprise body(1) and data collecting instrument (2), described body (1) comprises balancing gate pit (3), instituteState balancing gate pit (3) for cylinder-like structure, balancing gate pit (3) madial wall overlaps successively and has the first rubberEpithelium (4) and the second rubber membrane (5), described the first rubber membrane (4) is routed up balancing gate pit (3)Lateral wall, described balancing gate pit (3) upper and lower two ends respectively with fixing top board (6) and the fixing endPlate (7) connect, the inside at the two up and down of balancing gate pit (3) respectively with top cap (8) andBearing base (9) connects, and the fixing side of top board (6) and the side of top cap (8) connectTouch, described bearing base (9) is stuck in the bearing base groove (10) on fixed base plate (7)In, on described top cap (8), be provided with load pressure transmission plate (11), described load pressure transmission plate (11)On be provided with dial gauge (12), on described bearing base (9), be provided with the first inlet pipeline (13),On described the first inlet pipeline (13), be provided with the first inlet triplet for water valve (14), first entersWater three-way valve (14) one end is connected with pore water pressure sensor (15), described top cap (8)On be provided with outlet pipeline (16), balancing gate pit (3) lower sidewall is provided with the second water inletPipeline (17), is provided with the second inlet triplet for water valve on described the second inlet pipeline (17)(18), second inlet triplet for water valve (18) one end is connected with side pressure sensor (19),Balancing gate pit (3) side wall upper part is provided with gas exhaust piping (20), described fixing top board (6) andBetween fixed base plate (7), be fixedly connected with by bolt (21).
2. a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure according to claim 1,It is characterized in that: on described fixing top board (6) and fixed base plate (7), be provided with sealingCircle (22), described the second rubber membrane (5) by O type circle (25) and top cap (8) andBearing base (9) is tightly connected.
3. a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure according to claim 1,It is characterized in that: described the first rubber membrane (4) is by sealing ring (22) and fixing top board (6)Be connected with fixed base plate (7).
4. a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure according to claim 1,It is characterized in that: the structure of described top cap (8) and bearing base (9) is permeable stone (23)Be embedded in lucite (24).
5. a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure according to claim 1,It is characterized in that: described dial gauge (12), pore water pressure sensor (15) and lateral pressureSensor (19) is all connected with data collecting instrument (2).
6. a kind of KO consolidation apparatus of surveying pore water pressure according to claim 1,It is characterized in that: described the second inlet pipeline (17) and gas exhaust piping (20) are all with firstCavity between rubber membrane (4) and balancing gate pit (3) is communicated with.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610014952.8A CN105588931A (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2016-01-11 | KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610014952.8A CN105588931A (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2016-01-11 | KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105588931A true CN105588931A (en) | 2016-05-18 |
Family
ID=55928673
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610014952.8A Pending CN105588931A (en) | 2016-01-11 | 2016-01-11 | KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105588931A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107219160A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 兰州大学 | A kind of intelligent geotechnique's infiltration shearing test system |
| CN109406302A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-01 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of manual portable soil triaxial apparatus |
| CN109752252A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-14 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of device of triaxial apparatus high confining pressure pressure chamber sealing |
-
2016
- 2016-01-11 CN CN201610014952.8A patent/CN105588931A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107219160A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 兰州大学 | A kind of intelligent geotechnique's infiltration shearing test system |
| CN107219160B (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2019-07-30 | 兰州大学 | A kind of intelligent geotechnique's infiltration shearing test system |
| CN109406302A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-01 | 贵州理工学院 | A kind of manual portable soil triaxial apparatus |
| CN109406302B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-09-26 | 贵州理工学院 | Manual portable soil triaxial apparatus |
| CN109752252A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-14 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of device of triaxial apparatus high confining pressure pressure chamber sealing |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104677803B (en) | Often, varying head is combined pervasion test device | |
| CN105806766B (en) | A kind of flexible wall permeameter for surveying body change | |
| CN105716960A (en) | Foundation pit excavation model test device used in complicated groundwater environment | |
| CN109555519B (en) | Test system and method for simulating hole wall damage condition during natural gas hydrate exploitation | |
| CN106018229A (en) | Soil body seepage process and deformation characteristic test device and test method | |
| CN205643336U (en) | Survey physical model device based on water of aeration zone partite transport shift variant pionization under settlement condition | |
| CN113223739A (en) | Nuclear power station containment test system under depth defense | |
| CN105588931A (en) | KO consolidometer capable of measuring pore water pressure | |
| CN205594003U (en) | Measurable pore water pressure's K0 consolidation apparatus | |
| CN103487567B (en) | Device and method for building trench slope gravity erosion process field test | |
| CN109147541A (en) | Soil body penetration crash simulation device and application method | |
| CN107843713A (en) | Mud-rock flow firing test rainfall simulation method | |
| CN107167410B (en) | Periodic round-trip seepage experimental device and method | |
| CN109187285A (en) | Seepage through soil mass experimental rig | |
| CN110186831A (en) | Controllable and simulated atmosphere natural environment atmosphere-vegetation-soil body pilot system | |
| CN105672379A (en) | Foundation pit excavation model test device under dynamic artesian water action | |
| CN106094011A (en) | Dome dam Microseismic monitoring system and method | |
| CN102338631B (en) | Static leveling device and system | |
| CN108871876B (en) | Gas production column for monitoring carbon dioxide flux of soil in gas-filled zone of gas injection oil displacement well site | |
| CN105716958A (en) | Foundation model test device for simulating lifting and dropping of confined water head | |
| CN205712213U (en) | The dynamically excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of artesian water effect | |
| CN205712215U (en) | The excavation of foundation pit model test apparatus of simulation artesian head lifting | |
| CN105649603A (en) | Method for measuring accumulated liquid quantity of well bore of gas well in real time | |
| CN205607820U (en) | Flexible wall infiltration appearance that measurable body becomes | |
| CN104458272A (en) | Exhaust smoke test method and device for engine |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20160518 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |