CN105553569A - Method for converting path entangled state from atom system to photon system - Google Patents

Method for converting path entangled state from atom system to photon system Download PDF

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CN105553569A
CN105553569A CN201511003804.8A CN201511003804A CN105553569A CN 105553569 A CN105553569 A CN 105553569A CN 201511003804 A CN201511003804 A CN 201511003804A CN 105553569 A CN105553569 A CN 105553569A
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atom
state
optics cavity
photon
path
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肖骁琦
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Shanghai Dianji University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/503—Laser transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
    • H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for converting a path entangled state from an atom system to a photon system. A two-level atom is used as an information carrier, information is coded on a spatial position of an atom or a photon, conversion of the information from the atom system to the photon system is deterministic, rather than probabilistic, and through an adiabatic stimulated Raman transition between two ground states of the atom, a single photon is generated in an optical cavity. Compared with entanglement between an energy state or a particle number state mostly discussed in a lot of related research achievements in the past, the invention concerns entanglement between two spatial modes; in the invention, the photon is generated during the interaction between the atom and the cavity without preparation in advance, therefore, de-coherence of the photon does not need to be considered; besides, in a STIRAP (Stimulated-Raman-Adiabatic-Passage) process, no atom is under an excited state, therefore, the spontaneous radiation noise of the atom in this scheme can be ignored.

Description

The conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system.
Background technology
Quantum communications are a kind of Novel Communication modes of rising in recent years.By by information coding in the physical system with Quantum Properties, and be in fact exactly the manipulation to physical system quantum state to the process of information.Utilize the Quantum Properties of system mode, such as quantum entanglement, measure collapse, quantum state can not clone, comparatively classical communication is more safe to make quantum communications process, efficiently, anti-interference.Along with going deep into of studying quantum communication network, people propose various quantum communications method successively to solve the communication issue such as distribution, privacy share of the transmission of information, the encryption of information, secret key.
At present can in optical system in laboratory, ion trap systems, produces the Entangled State that can be used for quantum communications in the multiple physical systems such as Eurytrema coelomatium system, NMR system.And the Quantum Entangled States produced in different system, information carrier is different, can be using atom as information carrier, also can be to work as a photon as the carrier of information or using coherent beam as information carrier etc.The Entangled State of different carriers is suitable for the various process communicated, and such as photon is suitable for transmission, and atom is suitable for storing.Therefore, in communication process, often need information to be transformed into another kind of carrier from a kind of carrier, be called quantum information conversion (quantuminformationtransfer).In recent years, people propose the scheme of some quantum informations conversion successively from theoretical and laboratory.These schemes mainly pay close attention to tangling between energy state, and seldom tangle between design path (or space), namely the Entangled State that current theory and experimental program are paid close attention to mainly contains the energy state of atomic system or numerical states directly tangles, tangling between photonic system numerical states or polarization state, and seldom relate to atom or photon tangles between path (or space).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system, can from the operability of reality, utilize the interaction between Three-level Atom and optics cavity, propose the method that the path entanglement swapping of atom is the path Entangled State of photon by.
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system, comprising:
Suppose a monatomic bit state being in ground state previously prepared, respectively using two kinds of possible paths of atom flight as two distinguishable states of atom, write out the state of described atom according to described two distinguishable states;
An optics cavity is placed in the upper and lower path of atom flight respectively, is respectively optics cavity B and optics cavity C, makes atom enter optics cavity B or C;
It is Ω that a Rabi frequency is respectively equipped in the direction of the axes normal with optics cavity B and C pt the laser of (), is adjusted to the Interaction Hamiltonian between satisfying condition by laser;
By controlling the Rabi frequency Ω of pump light p(t) > > g cchange under adiabatic approximation condition, make system that optics cavity and atom form by state | 1 g, 0 > b (C)change state into | 1 f, 1 > b (C), thus state of atom is changed into | f >, produces single photon simultaneously in chamber;
Mismatching angle is set to Δ > > Ω p(t), along with the decay in chamber, single photon leaves optics cavity by the eyeglass as output coupler, propagates along U (L) direction;
Adjustment Trapping of Atoms device, discharges all atoms from chamber.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, the state of described atom is written as | φ >=α | and u >+β | d >, wherein | u > and | d > represents the path I that atom flies and path II respectively, parameter alpha and β are real number, and the α that satisfies condition 2+ β 2=1, parameter alpha and β describe all information of atom bit.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, make atom enter optics cavity B or C, comprising:
When atom is in | u >, will enter optics cavity B, otherwise, then enter optics cavity C.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, an optics cavity is placed in the upper and lower path of atom flight respectively, is respectively optics cavity B and optics cavity C, makes atom enter in the step of optics cavity B or C:
Under Occupation representation, the quantum state direct product state of atom and optics cavity B or C | n s, n > represents, wherein, | n s> represents the Fock state of atom mould, and subscript s=g, e, f represent the energy level of atom, | n > represents the Fock state of field, chamber.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, the state of system that atom and two optics cavity form is written as α | and 1 g, 0 > b| 0 > c+ β | 0 > b| 1 g, 0 > c, two optics cavity all only support an eigen mode, and light field in two chambeies all with atomic transition stiffness of coupling between atom and chamber is g c, mismatching angle is Δ c=ω c-ω f, wherein, ω crepresent the frequency of field, chamber, ω ffor atomic energy level | f > and energy level | the jump frequency between e >.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, the frequencies omega of the laser pulse of described laser pwith atomic transition frequency between mismatching angle be Δ c=ω p-ω g.
Further, in the above-mentioned methods, described Hamiltonian is written as:
H B ( C ) = - &Delta; | e > < e | + &Omega; p ( t ) ( | e > < g | + | g > < e | ) + g C ( &alpha; B ( C ) | e > < g | + &alpha; B ( C ) + | g > < e | ) ,
Wherein, α b (C), the generation of chamber mould photon, annihilations operator respectively.
Compared with prior art, the present invention proposes one take Two level atom as information carrier, information is coded on the locus of atom or photon, the conversion of information from atomic system to photonic system is deterministic, instead of it is probabilistic, by the adiabatic stimulated Raman transition (STIRAP) between atom two ground state, produce single photon in the optical cavity.The present invention can after quantum secret sharing the method for Restore Secret information again, in the method, each sender only grasps the secret information of a part, and secret information is throughput subchannel transmission, thus has good fail safe; Utilize Classical Electromagnetic Field and single Two level atom that the technology that the method relates to is mainly experimentally comparatively ripe at present interact, and realize the technology manipulated state of atom, have actual operability; Meanwhile, have employed three atom W type Entangled States as quantum channel, better can overcome the impact of ambient noise, there is stronger anti-interference.Tangling between energy state that what the present invention and in the past a lot of correlative study achievement majority were discussed is or numerical states, in contrast to this, the present invention's concern be tangle between two spatial modes; In the present invention, photon produces in the interaction process in atom and chamber, and do not need prior preparation, thus do not need the decoherence considering photon; In addition, in STIRAP process, do not have atom to be in excitation state, therefore, can ignore at the spontaneous emission noise of this scheme Atom.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the level structure figure of the single atom of the conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system of one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For enabling above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage become apparent more, and below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The invention provides a kind of conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system, comprising:
Step S1, suppose a monatomic bit state being in ground state previously prepared, respectively using two kinds of possible paths of atom flight as two distinguishable states of atom, the state of described atom is write out according to described two distinguishable states, preferably, then the state of described atom is written as | φ >=α | and u >+β | d >, wherein | u > and | d > represents the path I that atom flies and path II respectively, parameter alpha and β are real number, and the α that satisfies condition 2+ β 2=1, parameter alpha and β describe all information of atom bit; Concrete, the atom related in the technical solution adopted in the present invention is Λ type Three-level Atom, and level structure is as shown in fig. 1;
Step S2, an optics cavity is placed in the upper and lower path of atom flight respectively, is respectively optics cavity B and optics cavity C, makes atom enter optics cavity B or C, preferably, when atom is in | u >, will enter optics cavity B, otherwise, then enter optics cavity C, preferably, under Occupation representation, the quantum state direct product state of atom and optics cavity B or C | n s, n > represents, wherein, | n s> represents the Fock state of atom mould, and subscript s=g, e, f represent the energy level of atom, | n > represents the Fock state of field, chamber, and therefore, preferably, the state of the system that atom and two optics cavity form is written as α | and 1 g, 0 > b| 0 > c+ β | 0 > b| 1 g, 0 > c, two optics cavity all only support an eigen mode, and light field in two chambeies all with atomic transition stiffness of coupling between atom and chamber is g c, mismatching angle is Δ c=ω c-ω f, wherein, ω crepresent the frequency of field, chamber, ω ffor atomic energy level | f > and energy level | the jump frequency between e >; Detailed, in order to be transformed on the path of photon by loading with the information α on atom path and β, an optics cavity is placed in the upper and lower path of atom flight respectively, be respectively optics cavity B and optics cavity C, as shown in fig. 1, when atom is in | u >, will enter optics cavity B; Otherwise, then enter optics cavity C, under Occupation representation, the quantum state direct product state of atom and optics cavity B or C | n s, n > represents, wherein, | n s> represents the Fock state of atom mould, and subscript s=g, e, f represent the energy level of atom, | n > represents the Fock state of field, chamber, and therefore, the state of the system that atom and two optics cavity form is written as α | and 1 g, 0 > b| 0 > c+ β | 0 > b| 1 g, 0 > c, two optics cavity all only support an eigen mode, and light field in two chambeies all with atomic transition stiffness of coupling between atom and chamber is g c, mismatching angle is Δ c=ω c-ω f, wherein, ω crepresent the frequency of field, chamber, ω ffor atomic energy level | f > and energy level | the jump frequency between e >
Step S3, it is Ω that a Rabi frequency is respectively equipped in the direction of the axes normal with optics cavity B and C pthe laser of (t), preferably, the frequencies omega of the laser pulse of described laser pwith atomic transition frequency between mismatching angle be Δ c=ω p-ω g, and laser is adjusted to the Interaction Hamiltonian between satisfying condition, preferably, described Hamiltonian is written as:
H B ( C ) = - &Delta; | e > < e | + &Omega; p ( t ) ( | e > < g | + | g > < e | ) + g C ( &alpha; B ( C ) | e > < g | + &alpha; B ( C ) + | g > < e | ) ,
Wherein, α b (C), the generation of chamber mould photon, annihilations operator respectively; Concrete, as shown in Figure 1, fly into when atom and be held in captivity after optics cavity B or optics cavity C, single photon Fock state can be produced by STIRAP process, and photon will fly out along U or L direction;
Step S4, by controlling the Rabi frequency Ω of pump light p(t) > > g cchange under adiabatic approximation condition, make system that optics cavity and atom form by state | 1 g, 0 > b (C)change state into | 1 f, 1 > b (C), thus state of atom is changed into | f >, produces single photon simultaneously in chamber;
Step S5, in order to avoid the impact of spontaneous emission noise, is set to Δ > > Ω by mismatching angle p(t), along with the decay in chamber, single photon leaves optics cavity by the eyeglass as output coupler, propagates, as shown in Figure 1 along U (L) direction;
Step S6, because the initial state of atom and chamber system is α | 1 g, 0 > b| 0 > c+ β | 0 > b| 1 g, 0 > c, after STIRP process, the whole system comprising spatial mode U (L) will develop to following state:
α|1 f,0＞ B|0＞ C|1＞ U|0＞ L+β|0＞ B|1 f,0＞ C|0＞ U|1＞ L,
As can be seen from the above equation, photon states is tangled between two spatial mode U and L, now, adjustment Trapping of Atoms device, discharges all atoms from chamber, like this, not containing atom in optics cavity B and C, thus erase the spatial positional information of atom, atom solution from the system of tangling is tangled out, remaining tangling is exactly photon tangling on two different directions of propagation, i.e. α | 1 > u| 0 > l+ β | 0 > u| 1 >, this is our quantum state of wanting just.
In sum, the present invention proposes one take Two level atom as information carrier, information is coded on the locus of atom or photon, the conversion of information from atomic system to photonic system is deterministic, instead of it is probabilistic, by the adiabatic stimulated Raman transition (STIRAP) between atom two ground state, produce single photon in the optical cavity.The present invention can after quantum secret sharing the method for Restore Secret information again, in the method, each sender only grasps the secret information of a part, and secret information is throughput subchannel transmission, thus has good fail safe; Utilize Classical Electromagnetic Field and single Two level atom that the technology that the method relates to is mainly experimentally comparatively ripe at present interact, and realize the technology manipulated state of atom, have actual operability; Meanwhile, have employed three atom W type Entangled States as quantum channel, better can overcome the impact of ambient noise, there is stronger anti-interference.Tangling between energy state that what the present invention and in the past a lot of correlative study achievement majority were discussed is or numerical states, in contrast to this, the present invention's concern be tangle between two spatial modes; In the present invention, photon produces in the interaction process in atom and chamber, and do not need prior preparation, thus do not need the decoherence considering photon; In addition, in STIRAP process, do not have atom to be in excitation state, therefore, can ignore at the spontaneous emission noise of this scheme Atom.
In this specification, each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe, and what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiments, between each embodiment identical similar portion mutually see.
Professional can also recognize further, in conjunction with unit and the algorithm steps of each example of embodiment disclosed herein description, can realize with electronic hardware, computer software or the combination of the two, in order to the interchangeability of hardware and software is clearly described, generally describe composition and the step of each example in the above description according to function.These functions perform with hardware or software mode actually, depend on application-specific and the design constraint of technical scheme.Professional and technical personnel can use distinct methods to realize described function to each specifically should being used for, but this realization should not thought and exceeds scope of the present invention.
Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.

Claims (7)

1. a conversion method for the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system, is characterized in that, comprising:
Suppose a monatomic bit state being in ground state previously prepared, respectively using two kinds of possible paths of atom flight as two distinguishable states of atom, write out the state of described atom according to described two distinguishable states;
An optics cavity is placed in the upper and lower path of atom flight respectively, is respectively optics cavity B and optics cavity C, makes atom enter optics cavity B or C;
It is Ω that a Rabi frequency is respectively equipped in the direction of the axes normal with optics cavity B and C pt the laser of (), is adjusted to the Interaction Hamiltonian between satisfying condition by laser;
By controlling the Rabi frequency Ω of pump light p(t) > > g cchange under adiabatic approximation condition, make system that optics cavity and atom form by state | 1 g, 0 > b (C)change state into | 1 f, 1 > b (C), thus state of atom is changed into | f >, produces single photon simultaneously in chamber;
Mismatching angle is set to Δ > > Ω p(t), along with the decay in chamber, single photon leaves optics cavity by the eyeglass as output coupler, propagates along U (L) direction;
Adjustment Trapping of Atoms device, discharges all atoms from chamber.
2. the conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the state of described atom is written as | φ >=α | and u >+β | d >, wherein | u > and | d > represents the path I that atom flies and path II respectively, parameter alpha and β are real number, and the α that satisfies condition 2+ β 2=1, parameter alpha and β describe all information of atom bit.
3. the conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, make atom enter optics cavity B or C, comprising:
When atom is in | u >, will enter optics cavity B, otherwise, then enter optics cavity C.
4. the conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, an optics cavity is placed in the upper and lower path of atom flight respectively, is respectively optics cavity B and optics cavity C, makes atom enter in the step of optics cavity B or C:
Under Occupation representation, the quantum state direct product state of atom and optics cavity B or C | n s, n > represents, wherein, | n s> represents the Fock state of atom mould, and subscript s=g, e, f represent the energy level of atom, | n > represents the Fock state of field, chamber.
5. the conversion method of path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, the state of the system that atom and two optics cavity form is written as α | 1 g, 0 > b| 0 > c+ β | 0 > b| 1 g, 0 > c, two optics cavity all only support an eigen mode, and light field in two chambeies all with atomic transition near resonance oscillating, the stiffness of coupling between atom and chamber is g c, mismatching angle is Δ c=ω c-ω f, wherein, ω crepresent the frequency of field, chamber, ω ffor atomic energy level | f > and energy level | the jump frequency between e >.
6. the conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, the frequencies omega of the laser pulse of described laser pwith atomic transition frequency between mismatching angle be Δ c=ω p-ω g.
7. the conversion method of the path Entangled State from atomic system to photonic system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described Hamiltonian is written as:
H B ( C ) = - &Delta; | e > < e | + &Omega; p ( t ) ( | e > < g | + | g > < e | ) + g C ( &alpha; B ( C ) | e > < g | + &alpha; B ( C ) + | g > < e | ) ,
Wherein, α b (C), the generation of chamber mould photon, annihilations operator respectively.
CN201511003804.8A 2015-12-28 2015-12-28 Method for converting path entangled state from atom system to photon system Pending CN105553569A (en)

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Cited By (5)

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CN106059680A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-10-26 东南大学 Method for transmitting two-particle entangled state in multi-hop way
CN110120799A (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-08-13 上海大学 A kind of insulation shortcut method of high-fidelity population inversion in two-level energy system
CN111245614A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-06-05 太原师范学院 Continuous variable four-user quantum secret sharing device and method
CN112787729A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-11 清华大学 Method and device for constructing quantum network and quantum network
CN113316796A (en) * 2018-11-13 2021-08-27 原子计算公司 Scalable neutral atom based quantum computing

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106059680A (en) * 2016-07-08 2016-10-26 东南大学 Method for transmitting two-particle entangled state in multi-hop way
CN106059680B (en) * 2016-07-08 2018-03-20 东南大学 A kind of method of multi-hop transmission two-particle entangled state
CN113316796A (en) * 2018-11-13 2021-08-27 原子计算公司 Scalable neutral atom based quantum computing
CN110120799A (en) * 2019-04-17 2019-08-13 上海大学 A kind of insulation shortcut method of high-fidelity population inversion in two-level energy system
CN111245614A (en) * 2020-03-04 2020-06-05 太原师范学院 Continuous variable four-user quantum secret sharing device and method
CN111245614B (en) * 2020-03-04 2022-09-23 太原师范学院 Continuous variable four-user quantum secret sharing device and method
CN112787729A (en) * 2021-01-07 2021-05-11 清华大学 Method and device for constructing quantum network and quantum network
CN112787729B (en) * 2021-01-07 2022-03-25 清华大学 Method and device for constructing quantum network and quantum network

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