CN105553421B - A kind of online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system and method for testing - Google Patents

A kind of online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system and method for testing Download PDF

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CN105553421B
CN105553421B CN201510888919.3A CN201510888919A CN105553421B CN 105553421 B CN105553421 B CN 105553421B CN 201510888919 A CN201510888919 A CN 201510888919A CN 105553421 B CN105553421 B CN 105553421B
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photovoltaic
test
online
photovoltaic module
curves
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CN105553421A (en
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韩国华
朱文星
张济民
朱炬
王传才
毛翌春
邓允长
孙松源
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Bengbu Electronic Information Industry Technology Research Institute
CETC 41 Institute
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CETC 41 Institute
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S50/00Monitoring or testing of PV systems, e.g. load balancing or fault identification
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Testing Of Individual Semiconductor Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system and method for testing.Online IV curve testing devices include temperature acquisition system, solar irradiance meter, multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers, industrial computer, interchanger, host computer and a-b box.The present invention, by the IV curves of each component of quick sweep test, obtains the accurate C-V characteristic of photovoltaic module using the switching photovoltaic module of the relay without arc discharge of lower cost;The test device meets that the online IV curves of all passage group string numbers at present are tested by cascade network.The method of testing of said apparatus, ensure that remaining set string output voltage is more than the minimum input service voltage of inverter after switching out component every time, and battery input power is more than the normal startup power of inverter.Be switched fast by component, the quick sweep test of IV curves and the control of whole test period of the fast quick-recovery of switching it is extremely short, realize the function of on-line testing IV curves.

Description

A kind of online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system and method for testing
Technical field
The present invention relates to photovoltaic generating system testing field, and in particular to a kind of online IV curves test of photovoltaic generating system Device and method of testing.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generating system is generally made up of equipment such as photovoltaic module, group string, header box, inverters, according to single photovoltaic The difference of component open-circuit voltage and the difference of photovoltaic combining inverter input voltage range, the connected photovoltaic module of each group string Quantity it is different, usually 8-12 blocks do not wait or more.In power plant construction, multiple photovoltaic group strings are connected to a header box Inverter is accessed after being confluxed, inverter can control the power output of photovoltaic group string to reach by MPPT maximum power point tracking circuit Maximum, realize the generating efficiency control of photovoltaic array.If the maximum power point of photovoltaic group string is inconsistent in array or existence The poor component of energy, can cause inverter output power to reduce, influence generating efficiency, normal photovoltaic module can be caused when serious Electric current is conveyed to problem component, forms hot spot effect damage component.The reason for typically resulting in this phenomenon has:1. in work progress Fail to match battery pack string in strict accordance with regulation, the test deficiency of photovoltaic module and group string is caused;2. photovoltaic module Cause power characteristic decay inconsistent by long-range circumstances test or the reason such as block to cause.
The on-line monitoring test for photovoltaic module in photovoltaic plant mainly passes for each component Configuration voltage at present Sensor and current sensor, the test data of a fixed point can only be collected, can not checking assembly actual power performance.
In two kinds of different VA characteristic curves (abbreviation IV curves) as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 a are a kind of normal components IV curve test charts, Fig. 1 b are a kind of component IV curve test charts of problems, but their open-circuit voltage and short circuit current Value is all roughly the same, if only carrying out test by universal meter or using voltage sensor and current sensor and can not find Practical problem, the problem of such can be just only avoided the occurrence of using scanning whole IV curves and obtain maximum power value test.
The C-V characteristic of photovoltaic module be photovoltaic cell under certain environmental conditions photovoltaic cell with load change electric current, The characterisitic parameter such as voltage and power, it is the basic foundation for weighing photovoltaic cell performance.The C-V characteristic of battery is conventional voltage, electricity Stream universal meter can not be tested, it is necessary to be tested using special equipment.When tester loads R consecutive variations, pass through Measurement obtains a series of C-V characteristics (I-V) curve data, while calculates some important parameters, including peak power electricity electricity Flow outside Im, maximum power point voltage Vm, peak power Pmax, in addition to open-circuit voltage Voc, short circuit current Isc, fill factor, curve factor The parameters such as FF, series resistance Rs, parallel resistance Rsh and battery efficiency η.
Chinese patent ZL2013107373681.1 discloses failure detector and the side of a kind of solar power system Method, the relevant parameter (open-circuit voltage and short circuit current) of corresponding solar panel group string is gathered by fault detection unit, And the relevant parameter and history parameters of each solar panel group string are contrasted, failure situation is analyzed, and according to the failure feelings Condition controls the break-make of controlling switch, to realize solar panel group string with confluxing.The detection means and method are only able to detect Group tandem is other, and intraware failure problems can not be positioned, and collection can only obtain open-circuit voltage Voc and short circuit current Isc two Individual parameter, whole IV curves can not be obtained, it is impossible to be accurately judged to the real C-V characteristic of component.
Chinese patent ZL201510197855.2 discloses a kind of photovoltaic generating system online system failure diagnosis, by One assemblies monitor module is set on every piece of photovoltaic module, a header box monitoring modular is set on each header box, can be examined Survey each photovoltaic module, per road photovoltaic group string and voltage, electric current and power on header box, and be organized as by multiple monitoring modulars Network, and coordinate environment monitor, photovoltaic monitoring terminal, make monitoring and the data of each equipment of photovoltaic generating system that collect and Other reference datas can progressively be uploaded to host computer along network node, and thus the running status of photovoltaic generating system is integrated Analysis, realize the function of on-line fault diagnosis.The patent realizes on-line testing function, but can not scan whole IV curves.
Photovoltaic generating system carries out IV curve tests at present, it is necessary to disconnects rear class inverter, then removes photovoltaic group successively Part carries out IV curved measurements one by one, and test job amount is very big, also sacrifices the gene-ration revenue during test;On-line testing equipment mesh Before a certain point data of fixation in IV curves can only be collected by voltage sensor or current sensor, it is impossible to truly reflection group Part actual power performance.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the shortcomings of the prior art, there is provided a kind of online IV of photovoltaic generating system Curve testing device and method of testing.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system, the photovoltaic generating system are included by polylith photovoltaic module The photovoltaic group string of formation, photovoltaic combiner box is connected after photovoltaic group string combination, photovoltaic combiner box is sent out photovoltaic by combining inverter Electric energy is connected to the grid caused by electric system, and online IV curve testing devices are connected to photovoltaic generating system and real-time testing IV is bent Line, the online IV curve testing devices include:
Temperature acquisition system, for gathering the temperature information of each piece of photovoltaic module;
Solar irradiance meter, for collection site photovoltaic module surface irradiation degree and temperature information;
Multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers, include the IV curve test boards of multiple passages, IV curves test board and photovoltaic Component corresponds, for measuring the IV curves of each photovoltaic module in photovoltaic group string;
Industrial computer, temperature acquisition system, solar irradiance meter, multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers are connected respectively, is used for The IV tests of each component, result is shown and and upper machine communication;
Interchanger, industrial computer is connected, for controlling the cascade network test of more multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers;
Host computer, connect interchanger, for host computer capture setting, measurement data information show, accident analysis;
A-b box, comprising multiple switch boards, each switch boards connect with the IV curve test boards of respective channel, for that will locate Photovoltaic module in power generation process is switched out, and switch boards are used to make the relay of low cost to realize the direct current without arc discharge High pressure switches online.
Preferably, solar irradiance meter installation parallel with photovoltaic module.
Preferably, the switch boards include test switching switch and series connection switching switch, and test switching switch and series connection are cut Switch is changed by main relay bypass high-power MOS tube composition in parallel;
Main relay and high-power MOS tube are connected with the control unit I/O port of industrial computer, and are controlled by industrial computer, each master Before relay switches over, first the high-power MOS tube of bypass is turned on, it is ensured that main relay is in zero-pressure or low pressure in switching State, so as to realize that the high direct voltage of no arc discharge switches online.
Preferably, the IV curves test board uses four-line measurement mode.
Preferably, the temperature acquisition system includes multiple temp probes being correspondingly arranged with each piece of photovoltaic module.
According to the method for testing of the online IV curve testing devices of above-mentioned photovoltaic generating system, it is characterised in that the test Method comprises the following steps:
(1) host computer sends online test command signal, and is delivered to industrial computer through interchanger;
(2) test switching switch and connect switching switch of the industrial computer by command signal control switch boards, by photovoltaic module Quickly isolate out from photovoltaic group string, and carry out quick IV curves test;
(3) be completed industrial computer controls the test switching switch of switch boards and series connection switching switch quick by command signal Recover the state before test;
(4) IV curves test data industrial computer and conventional comparing, and result is uploaded to host computer, if it find that therefore Hinder fast positioning to specific photovoltaic module, if it find that decay is excessive, industrial computer directly controls the photovoltaic module from photovoltaic group string In isolate.
In the step (2), single photovoltaic module is quickly isolated out from photovoltaic group string in turn successively, and carried out fast The IV curves test of speed.
During the IV curves test, while the temperature and irradiance data of acquisition component, it is established that corresponding photovoltaic module Test data, and by under test data conversion to standard test condition, make it have versatility.
Use the advantageous effects that as above technical scheme obtains for:
The present invention is carried using the switching photovoltaic module of the relay without arc discharge of lower cost for the test of automatic IV curves Having supplied may;Four-wire system quickly scans the test of IV curves and improves measuring accuracy;Using more multichannel photovoltaics of switchboard unit network Component IV testers meet the group string IV curves test of all port numbers;Number can will be tested with irradiation level, temperature acquisition function According to the result being transformed under standard test condition;Each block assembly can carry out IV curved scannings and record test result, to With conventional comparing, safeguarded once discovery failure can navigate to the specific component, once find that decay is excessive, can be direct The component is isolated from group string, in order to avoid influence the power benefit of whole group string.
The present invention additionally provides a kind of online IV curve test methods of photovoltaic generating system according to test device, as long as ensureing Remaining set string output voltage is more than the minimum input service voltage of inverter after switching out component every time, and battery input power is big In the normal startup power of inverter.Be switched fast by component, the quick sweep test of IV curves and the fast quick-recovery of switching it is whole Individual test period controls extremely short, has reached online IV curves test function.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 a are the normal IV test curves schematic diagram of photovoltaic module.
Fig. 1 b are the improper IV test curves schematic diagram of photovoltaic module.
Fig. 2 is the online IV curve testing devices principle schematic of photovoltaic generating system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that high direct voltage of the present invention switches photovoltaic module control timing diagram without electric arc.
Fig. 4 is the online IV curve testing devices generating state electrical schematics of photovoltaic generating system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system of the present invention carry out monolithic element test schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the online IV curves testing and control strategy schematic diagram of photovoltaic generating system of the present invention.
Embodiment
It is described further with reference to 2 to 6 pairs of embodiments of the invention of accompanying drawing, so that advantages and features of the invention It can be easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, apparent clearly be defined so as to be made to protection scope of the present invention.
The online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system, the photovoltaic generating system include being formed by polylith photovoltaic module Photovoltaic group string, connect photovoltaic combiner box after photovoltaic group string combination, photovoltaic combiner box is by combining inverter by photovoltaic generation system Electric energy is connected to the grid caused by system, and online IV curve testing devices are connected to photovoltaic generating system and real-time testing IV curves.
Photovoltaic group string is configured according to single component voltage and inverter input voltage requirement, typically by polylith group Part forms.For ease of illustrating test device, by taking the 12 component series connection of a group string as an example (numbering component 1-12), single multichannel Photovoltaic module IV testers and a-b box are 6 passages.Online testing device is designed as two multichannel photovoltaic module IV tests Instrument carries out networking cascade and tested.
Referring to Fig. 2, the online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system, including:The PC 1 of installation upper computer software, 3, two sets of the temperature acquisition system for 2, two sets of collection photovoltaic module temperature of interchanger of each industrial computer networking is used to measure spoke 5, two sets of the PT100 temp probes of 4,12 each assembly temperatures of collection of illumination solar irradiance meter carry out each component IV tests 6, two sets of the multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers of curve test are applied mechanically for the a-b box 7, two without electric arc switching photovoltaic module In the grade of industrial computer 8 composition controlled and display IV curves are tested.
Interchanger 2 uses network interface communication modes with industrial computer 8;Multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers 6 are tested with IV curves Plate 9, temperature acquisition system 3 use RS232 or RS485 communication modes.
Temperature acquisition system 3 includes the PT100 temp probes of 6 passages, and each PT100 temp probes 5 are established with each component One-to-one relationship.
Solar irradiance meter 4 and multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers 6 use RS232 serial ports, it is described too The positive installation of illumination photometer 4 is parallel with photovoltaic module.
Multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers 6 form comprising 6 passage IV curves test boards 9, each IV curves test board 9 with Each component in photovoltaic group string establishes one-to-one relationship.IV curves test board 9 is four-line measurement mode, eliminates lead and makes Into measurement error problem;
A-b box 7 is made up of 6 passage switch boards 10, and each passage switch boards 10 and IV curves test board 9 are established one a pair It should be related to.
Switch boards 10 include test switching switch and series connection switching switch, test switching relay K1, K2, series connection switching after Electrical equipment K5, a bypass high-power MOS tube (or insulated gate bipolar transistor) in parallel on each relay, for zero-pressure or Low pressure switches, and each relay and metal-oxide-semiconductor are controlled by industrial computer 8.All relays must be in certain time series stereodata Lower work, each relay, metal-oxide-semiconductor are connected with the control unit I/O port of control panel, before each main relay switches over, first by bypass High-power MOS tube conducting, it is ensured that main electrical equipment switching when be in zero-pressure or low-pressure state, it is achieved thereby that without electric arc direct current height Crush-cutting changes.
1. 10 specific control sequential of switch boards is as shown in figure 3, start the test of IV curves:Auxiliary relay K3, K4 are closed, and are prolonged When 50ms;Metal-oxide-semiconductor V1, V2 are closed, and be delayed 50ms;Now main relay both end voltage is metal-oxide-semiconductor saturation voltage drop;Main relay K1, K2 are closed under zero-pressure or extremely low voltage, are realized HVDC without electric arc handoff functionality, are the online IV tests of photovoltaic module Provide possibility;Be delayed 150ms, and IV curves test board starts quick IV curves test.2. recover generating state:Aid in relay Device K3, K4 are closed, and be delayed 50ms;Metal-oxide-semiconductor V1, V2 are closed, and be delayed 50ms;Main relay K1, K2 are closed, and be delayed 50ms;Open Metal-oxide-semiconductor V1, V2, be delayed 50ms;Open auxiliary relay K3, K4, relay recovery original state.
According to the method for testing of the online IV curve testing devices of above-mentioned photovoltaic generating system, it is characterised in that the test Method comprises the following steps:
(1) host computer sends online test command signal, and is delivered to industrial computer through interchanger;
(2) test switching switch and connect switching switch of the industrial computer by command signal control switch boards, by photovoltaic module Quickly isolate out from photovoltaic group string, and carry out quick IV curves test;
(3) be completed industrial computer controls the test switching switch of switch boards and series connection switching switch quick by command signal Recover the state before test;
(4) IV curves test data industrial computer and conventional comparing, and result is uploaded to host computer, if it find that therefore Hinder fast positioning to specific photovoltaic module, if it find that decay is excessive, industrial computer directly controls the photovoltaic module from photovoltaic group string In isolate.
IV curves test when simultaneously acquisition component temperature and irradiance data, it is established that the test number of corresponding assembly According to can be by the test result under test data conversion to standard test condition (STC) or other test conditions.
Preferably to illustrate online Test Strategy, by taking separate unit photovoltaic module IV curve testers as an example, refering to Fig. 4~5:
Fig. 4 gives the circuit diagram of generating state, and each component 11 connects corresponding IV curves test board 9 respectively, respectively Component 11 is also connected in corresponding switch boards 10, and switch boards 10 are made up of one group of controllable relay switch, each component 11 Via the variable a variety of connected modes that swap out of switch boards 10, when each relay is in default conditions, group, which is gone here and there, is in generating state, in figure Overstriking is circuit electrical relation, and each component 11 is realized via switch boards 10 and connected, and enters combining inverter 13 via header box 12 Generated electricity.
Fig. 5 gives single component timesharing IV curve test schematic diagrams, and the passage that PC 1 sends respective channel component 11 is surveyed The component is switched out from group string that (relay K1, K2 are normal by giving tacit consent to via corresponding switch boards 10 by examination order, the component 11 Closed state is in open mode, and K5 is in closure state by acquiescence normally open).The relay that whole group is gone here and there via switch boards 10 K5 forms DC loop (K5 control sequentials are identical with Fig. 2), and the voltage that whole group string voltage reduces by a component (can also be simultaneously Switch multiple components, need to ensure that remaining set string output voltage is more than the minimum input service voltage of inverter, and battery input work Rate is more than the normal startup power of inverter), whole electricity generation system is still within generating state by remaining component, the component 11 Isolated completely from a group string and carry out IV curve tests, whole test period is shorter (controlling within 1.2s), and host computer receives After test data, the relay recovery default value of switch boards 10 is controlled, the component 11 that will be completed is connected to whole again In individual group of string.Then switch next component and carry out IV curve tests, until all component is completed.Realize online IV Curve test function, and it is extremely short per block assembly test period, have little influence on generating efficiency.
The online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system are also equipped with following functions:Record and count each piece of photovoltaic in real time The test data of component, automatically analyze and orient larger component of decaying, provide maintenance and remind and suggest;When detecting component matching Uniformity exceedes certain threshold value, has a strong impact on the generating efficiency of whole string, can automatism isolation go out the faulty components, and provide alarm signal Breath, to avoid component from pouring in down a chimney problem component, cause fire etc. is dangerous to occur.
The online IV curve test methods proposed according to photovoltaic generating system online testing device, ensureing to switch out every time Remaining set string output voltage is more than the minimum input service voltage of inverter after component, and battery input power is being more than inverter just Often startup power ensures residue, and photovoltaic module is isolated to the quick IV songs of progress from group string simultaneously using switch is switched fast Line sweep test, switching is switched rapidly after being completed and recovers generating state, it is quick to send test command, component by host computer Whole time test period of switching, the quick sweep test of IV curves and the fast quick-recovery of switching is extremely short, so as to not influence inversion Device normal power generation.
For method of testing is expanded on further, referring to Fig. 6, host computer is sent after line test command, switch is cut after 0.2s Change work(into, the IV curves that 0.5s is carried out after about 0.2s are quickly tested, and IV curve test datas are uploaded to after being completed upper Machine software, restPosed rapidly after switching switch is to be tested, i.e., whole test exists to data time control is sent In 1.2s, it is achieved thereby that online IV curve test functions.
Certainly, described above is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to enumerate above-described embodiment, should When explanation, any those skilled in the art are all equivalent substitutes for being made, bright under the guidance of this specification Aobvious variant, all falls within the essential scope of this specification, ought to be protected by the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system, the photovoltaic generating system is included by polylith photovoltaic module shape Into photovoltaic group string, connect photovoltaic combiner box after photovoltaic group string combination, photovoltaic combiner box is by combining inverter by photovoltaic generation Electric energy is connected to the grid caused by system, and online IV curve testing devices are connected to photovoltaic generating system and real-time testing IV curves, Characterized in that, the online IV curve testing devices include:
Temperature acquisition system, for gathering the temperature information of each piece of photovoltaic module;
Solar irradiance meter, for collection site photovoltaic module surface irradiation degree and temperature information;
Multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers, include the IV curve test boards of multiple passages, IV curves test board and photovoltaic module Correspond, for measuring the IV curves of each photovoltaic module in photovoltaic group string;
Industrial computer, temperature acquisition system, solar irradiance meter, multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers is connected respectively, for each The IV tests of component, result is shown and and upper machine communication;
Interchanger, industrial computer is connected, for controlling the cascade network test of more multichannel photovoltaic module IV testers;
Host computer, connect interchanger, for host computer capture setting, measurement data information show, accident analysis;
A-b box, comprising multiple switch boards, each switch boards connect with the IV curve test boards of respective channel, for that will be in hair Photovoltaic module in electric process is switched out, and switch boards are used to make the relay of low cost to realize the high direct voltage without arc discharge Online switching;
The switch boards include test switching switch and series connection switching switch, and test switching switch and series connection switching switch are by master Relay bypass high-power MOS tube composition in parallel;
Main relay and high-power MOS tube are connected with the control unit I/O port of industrial computer, and are controlled by industrial computer, each main relay Before device switches over, first the high-power MOS tube of bypass is turned on, it is ensured that main relay is in zero-pressure or low pressure shape in switching State, so as to realize that the high direct voltage of no arc discharge switches online.
A kind of 2. online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described too The installation parallel with photovoltaic module of positive irradiance meter.
A kind of 3. online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the IV Curve test board uses four-line measurement mode.
A kind of 4. online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the temperature Degree acquisition system includes multiple temp probes being correspondingly arranged with each piece of photovoltaic module.
5. a kind of method of testing of the online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 1, its feature It is, the method for testing comprises the following steps:
(1) host computer sends online test command signal, and is delivered to industrial computer through interchanger;
(2) industrial computer by command signal control switch boards test switching switch and series connection switching switch, by photovoltaic module from light Quickly isolate out in volt group string, and carry out quick IV curves test;
(3) be completed industrial computer controls the test switching switch of switch boards and series connection switching to switch fast quick-recovery by command signal State before test;
(4) IV curves test data industrial computer and conventional comparing, and result is uploaded to host computer, if it find that failure is fast Speed navigates to specific photovoltaic module, if it find that decay is excessive, industrial computer directly controls the photovoltaic module from photovoltaic group string interval Separate out and.
6. a kind of method of testing of the online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 5, its feature It is, in the step (2), single photovoltaic module is quickly isolated out from photovoltaic group string in turn successively, and carries out quick IV curves test.
7. a kind of method of testing of the online IV curve testing devices of photovoltaic generating system according to claim 5, its feature It is, when the IV curves are tested, while the temperature and irradiance data of acquisition component, it is established that the survey of corresponding photovoltaic module Data are tried, and by under test data conversion to standard test condition, make it have versatility.
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