CN105515767A - DPS-based multi-user QKD network system and key distribution method thereof - Google Patents
DPS-based multi-user QKD network system and key distribution method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105515767A CN105515767A CN201511033668.7A CN201511033668A CN105515767A CN 105515767 A CN105515767 A CN 105515767A CN 201511033668 A CN201511033668 A CN 201511033668A CN 105515767 A CN105515767 A CN 105515767A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
- H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
- H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
- H04B10/25891—Transmission components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0227—Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation
- H04J14/0238—Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-many, e.g. multicasting wavelengths
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0819—Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)
Abstract
The invention discloses a DPS-based multi-user QKD network system and a key distribution method thereof. The system comprises an Alice side, multiple user Bob sides and a wavelength division multiplexing unit, a multi-wavelength continuous laser of the Alice side generates multi-wavelength continuous laser which is modulated through an intensity modulator into multi-wavelength pulse laser with an equal time interval of T, is randomly modulated into 0 or pi phase through a phase modulator, and is attenuated through an attenuator into multi-wavelength pulse laser with an average photon number of smaller than 1; and the wavelength division multiplexing unit performs demultiplexing on multi-wavelength pulses, laser pulses of different wavelengths enter the Bob sides of corresponding wavelengths in a wavelength addressing mode, interference is performed on the pulses of corresponding wavelengths at the corresponding Bob sides, and a detector responds to an interference event according to a phase difference between previous and later pulses and performs counting. The DPS-based multi-user QKD network system provided by the invention combines the DPS with wavelength division multiplexing to realize one-to-many quantum key distribution, and enables Bob users not to increase insertion loss and to reduce a key generation rate; and the structure that is adopted is simple, the operation is convenient, the transmission is stable, and the code rate is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum information and technical field of optical fiber communication, specifically based on multi-user QKD network system and the cryptographic key distribution method thereof of DPS.
Background technology
Ensure safety compared to classical communication by the complexity calculated, quantum secret communication ensure that its absolute fail safe based on principle of quantum mechanics.Heisenberg uncertainty principle and unknown quantum state can not fundamentally ensure that being perfectly safe of quantum secret communication by cloning mechanisms.Quantum secret communication is in national security, military affairs and even civil area extensive use.
Quantum key distribution (QuantumKeyDistribution, QKD) the legal participant (being commonly referred to Alice with Bob) being in diverse location can be allowed to share key in the mode be perfectly safe, point-to-point quantum key distribution current is reached its maturity, conventional agreement has BB84 agreement, B92 agreement, EPR agreement etc., the BB84 agreement proposed by Bennett for 1984 adopts two identical non-equiarm M-Z interferometers as encoder, this coded system makes photon polarization state change to make work stable not with bending due to the stretching of optical fiber, it operates and more complicated.Although but the B92 agreement one-tenth simple to operate code check carrying out for 1992 simplifying on BB84 basis is lower, in the numerical digit string produced, only have 25% to be effective.And EPR agreement needs more perfectly to tangle source, change light path complexity, cost intensive under the main Spontaneous Parametric adopted at present.The often meticulous operation that judges between right and wrong of CHSH inequality in addition, very high to the required precision of device, and Entangled State transmission is in a fiber faced with the problem of loss, there is noise, dark counting etc. in detector, and these factors all can have impact to final measurement result to a great extent.The DPS (DifferentialPhaseShift) proposed first for 2002, i.e. difference component quantum key distribution agreement, utilize the phase difference of two continuous photons to transmit key information, therefore information is made to have continuity, and in Optical Fiber Transmission, external influence suffered by former and later two pulses is almost consistent, therefore has stronger anti-interference.DPS agreement structure or all simple than BB84 agreement in operation, and becomes code check to be 2 times of BB84 agreement, is 4 times of B92 agreement, and it effectively can also resist number of photons division and eavesdrops in addition, therefore has more practical potentiality.
It is the fusion solving quantum network and classical communication network that QKD application is faced with an important practical problem, developing a pair N, N to the quantum key distribution network of N, avoiding the great input setting up dedicated network for meeting multi-user communication.
Current existing QKD network mainly adopts two kinds of technology: a kind of is QKD network based on optical nodes; Another kind is the QKD network based on credible relaying, and its difficult point is the reliability keeping relaying.Compared to the second QKD network, the QKD network based on optical nodes does not rely on the absolute reliability of each optical nodes.Quantum key distribution network based on optical splitter has the advantage of good, the easy realization of fail safe, but its extension of network can have a strong impact on single user secret generating rate and transmission range.The average photon number that Alice launches is that the light pulse of the μ device that is split is divided into N part, wherein N is number of users, send to the average photon number of each receiving terminal Bob to be μ/N like this, along with the increase of number of users N, transmission range and the single user secret generating rate of network all can reduce thereupon at double.Although the pulse that Alice launches no longer can all be given different users by the tunable wavelength light source multi-user QKD scheme in early days based on wavelength-division multiplex technique, but the pulse that synchronization laser produces still is single wavelength pulse, sole user can only be served, which results in the predicament that multi-user can not work simultaneously, and from length of a game, the secret generating rate of single user still locks into userbase, namely along with the increase of number of users, the secret generating rate of single user can reduce, insertion loss increases, and it is low to there is photon utilance, the shortcomings such as stability is low.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of multi-user QKD network system based on DPS is provided, the number of photons that single light source multiple-wavelength laser, intensity modulator, phase-modulator, attenuator produce is less than 1 by this system, constant duration is T laser pulse, and the carrier that the phase difference that front and back pulse has transmits as multi-user information, by wavelength division multiplexing unit, each wavelength pulse is sent to different validated users, each user is relatively independent, the secret generating rate of bonding user is stablized, and can not reduce along with the increase of user.
Another object of the present invention proposes a kind of multi-user QKD system based on DPS and cryptographic key distribution method thereof, the error rate adopting the mode of differential phase coding effectively to reduce to bring because of external condition instability and improve photon utilance and become code check.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, comprises Alice end, wavelength division multiplexing unit and multi-user Bob hold, and described Alice is held to be held with multi-user Bob by wavelength division multiplexing unit and is connected, wherein:
Described Alice end comprises Multi-wavelength laser generation unit, intensity modulator, phase-modulator and attenuator;
Described wavelength division multiplexing unit comprises wavelength selection system;
Described multi-user Bob end comprises beam splitter, the first completely reflecting mirror, the second completely reflecting mirror, bundling device and detector assembly;
Described Multi-wavelength laser generation unit sends multi-wavelength continuous laser, using degree modulator is modulated into continuous laser the pulse laser being spaced apart T, through the phase place of phase modulator modulation 0 or π, then become through attenuator attenuates the pulse laser that average photon number is less than 1 and then enter into wavelength division multiplexing unit;
The time interval is the wavelength selection system of T multiwavelength laser burst transmissions to wavelength division multiplexing unit, according to a Bob end of the way selection respective wavelength of wave length addressing, then be transferred on beam splitter that corresponding Bob holds and form upper arm path and underarm path two paths: wherein upper arm path 1: arrived described bundling device through the first completely reflecting mirror and the second completely reflecting mirror by reflects photons; Underarm path 2: the photon of transmission directly arrives described bundling device; Then adjust the time delay that upper arm path produces than underarm path, described time delay is the time interval T of pulse, and two-beam interferes at described bundling device place, and according to phase difference 0 or the π of Stochastic Modulation, described detector assembly makes response.
Described wavelength selection system can be array waveguide grating or wavelength-selective switches.
Described Multi-wavelength laser generation unit comprises multi-wavelength continuous wave laser and wavelength selector.
Described multi-wavelength continuous wave laser is for generation of meeting the relevant multi-wavelength continuous laser that multiple user communicates simultaneously.
Described wavelength selector adopts the way selection wavelength of secondary equal difference frequency interval.
Described detector assembly comprises the first detector and the second detector.
The laser pulse in described upper arm path and underarm path is after bundling device, phase difference according to two pulses makes response at described first detector and the second detector: when the phase difference of two continuous impulses is 0, described first explorer response, now measurement result " 0 "; When the phase difference of two continuous impulses is π, described second explorer response, now measurement result " 1 ".
Be applied to a cryptographic key distribution method for the above-mentioned multi-user QKD network system based on DPS, the method comprises the following steps:
S1. system initialization: the hardware facility checking Alice end and Bob user side, checks whether equipment runs well, setting initial condition;
S2. system noise levels test: launch a string laser pulse, the signal to noise ratio of test macro: SNR=10lg (PS/PN) at Alice end, wherein PS is signal power, and PN is noise power; Due to codec during long range propagation, the noise of channel and detector can the signal to noise ratio of influential system, and due to security needs signal to noise ratio acquire a certain degree also can communicate time also unavailable;
S3. fiber lengths test is arranged with pulse delay: Alice holds transmission one group of hard pulse, each Bob user is by ranging pulse due in, determine fiber lengths in link, the length relation between holding according to each Bob user and Alice, the fiber lengths of each Bob user presetting; Time delay between upper arm path and underarm path is set and feeds back to system initialization;
S4. quantum information coding: Alice end is held to multi-user Bob and sent pulse train, the coherent pulse light that constant duration is T is modulated into through intensity modulator, the phase place of 0 or π is modulated randomly through the laser pulse of phase-modulator, be attenuated the pulse becoming average photon number and be less than 1 again through attenuator, be demultiplexed into different Bob ends by Deplexing apparatus;
S5. testing keys with become code: multi-user Bob holds the response of record first detector or the second detector, and record the detector corresponding moment, is sent to Alice end the moment of explorer response, Alice end holds the data sent according to multi-user Bob, retain corresponding key string, all the other are cast out;
S6. the detection of the error rate: QBER=N
err/ N
sift, N
siftfor sieving the number of rear data, N
errfor the number of code value mistake, if QBER>11%, illustrate and may be ravesdropping, give up this communication, restart;
S7. data harmonization and close property are amplified: data harmonization utilizes public classical channel to carry out the overall process of error correction to the data after screening, after above-mentioned data harmonization, transmit leg Alice end holds the data height had consistent with recipient multi-user Bob, and the error rate is very low; It is a kind of technology being improved data security by open communication that close property is amplified, because data harmonization may cause listener-in Eve to steal partial data, in order to improve the confidentiality of data, Alice end and multi-user Bob hold and carry out the amplification of close property to reduce effective information for cost, the information that Eve is obtained is invalid, improves the fail safe of effective information.
The safe key step-by-step that described S5 obtains stores, and adds storage prefix before often organizing safe key.
The storage prefix of described safe key can adopt key transmitting time.
Compared with prior art beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the problem that reduces along with the increase key generation efficiency of number of users of the present invention's quantum key distribution of adopting wavelength-division multiplex technique to overcome existing one-to-many;
2. the present invention can adopt array waveguide grating to overcome increase along with number of users, the situation that insertion loss increases.
3. the present invention adopts the relevant continuous laser pulse at modulating time T interval, and DPS increases the continuity of information, can resist point photon attack and a sequence attack etc., increase the fail safe of system;
4. the scheme of the present invention's employing is simple, components and parts technology maturation, and reliability is high, is easy to operation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Alice end structure block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart that wavelength division multiplexing unit of the present invention and multi-user Bob hold;
Fig. 3 is operation principle block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is workflow diagram of the present invention.
The title that in figure, each parts are corresponding: Alice holds-1 ', multi-wavelength continuous wave laser-101, intensity modulator-102, phase-modulator-103, attenuator-104; Wavelength division multiplexing unit-2 ', wavelength selection system-201; Multi-user Bob holds-3 ', beam splitter-303, the first completely reflecting mirror-301, the second completely reflecting mirror-302, bundling device-304, the first detector-305, the second detector-306.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1-Fig. 3, based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, comprise Alice end 1 ', wavelength division multiplexing unit 2 ' and multi-user Bob and hold 3 ', described Alice end 1 ' holds 3 ' to be connected by wavelength division multiplexing unit 2 ' with multi-user Bob, wherein:
Described Alice end 1 ' comprises Multi-wavelength laser generation unit, intensity modulator 102 and phase-modulator 103 and attenuator 104; Multi-wavelength laser generation unit comprise multi-wavelength continuous wave laser 101 with wavelength selector and described multi-wavelength continuous wave laser 101 for generation of meeting the relevant multi-wavelength continuous laser that multiple user communicates simultaneously, and described wavelength selector adopts the way selection wavelength of secondary equal difference frequency interval;
Described wavelength division multiplexing unit 2 ' comprises wavelength selection system 201, and wavelength selection system 201 can be array waveguide grating or wavelength-selective switches, and the present embodiment medium wavelength choice device 201 adopts array waveguide grating;
Described multi-user Bob holds 3 ' to comprise beam splitter 303, first completely reflecting mirror 301, second completely reflecting mirror 302, bundling device 304 and detector assembly, and described detector assembly comprises again the first detector 305 and the second detector 306;
When the present invention works, described multi-wavelength continuous wave laser 101 sends multi-wavelength continuous laser, using degree modulator 102 is modulated into continuous laser the pulse laser that the time interval is T, the phase place of 0 or π is modulated through phase-modulator 103, become through attenuator attenuates the pulse laser that average photon number is less than 1 again and then enter into wavelength division multiplexing unit 2, wherein time interval T determines according to the performance of intensity modulator 102 and detector assembly, usual T>max{ τ I, τ D}, τ I is the inverse of intensity modulator modulation rate, τ D is the response time of detector,
The time interval is the wavelength selection system 201 that T multiwavelength laser pulse 101 is transferred to wavelength division multiplexing unit 2 ', according to a Bob end of the way selection respective wavelength of wave length addressing, then be transferred on beam splitter 303 that corresponding Bob holds and form upper arm path and underarm path two paths: wherein upper arm path 1: arrived described bundling device 304 through the first completely reflecting mirror 301 and the second completely reflecting mirror 302 by reflects photons; Underarm path 2: the photon of transmission directly arrives described bundling device 304; Then adjust the time delay that upper arm path produces than underarm path, described time delay is the time interval T of pulse, and two-beam interferes at described bundling device 304 place, and according to phase difference 0 or the π of Stochastic Modulation, described detector assembly makes response.
When the phase difference of two continuous impulses is 0, the first detector 305 responds, now measurement result " 0 ", when the phase difference of two continuous impulses is π, the second detector 306 responds, now measurement result " 1 ", set up random sequence 0 according to measurement result, 1 as code book.
Alice end 1 ' is encoded with 0 or π at random to each pulse, and phase place 0 represents password " 0 ", and phase place π represents password " 1 ", is transferred to Bob end by wavelength division multiplexing unit; Wavelength X 1, λ 2, λ 3 λ N are dispensed to Bob1, Bob2, Bob3BobN.
Bob end detects each corresponding photon section time of advent, if the first detector 305 responds the second detector 306 and does not respond, then count " 0 ", if the first detector 305 does not respond, second detector 306 responds, then count " 1 ", if the first detector 305 and the second detector 306 all respond, or all do not respond, then abandon counting.The state of two continuous quantity subcodes can be detected according to result of detection.Bob sets up code book according to explorer response situation, tell which of Alice has detected photon in moment on the common channels, Alice removes the part that Bob does not detect, set up code book, then amplify through data harmonization and close property, make the data invalid that may be ravesdropping, and the password of Alice and Bob is consistent.
Below for Bob2, lower whole operation of the present invention is described.
As shown in Figure 1, multi-wavelength continuous wave laser 101 sends multi-wavelength continuous laser, using degree modulator 102 is modulated into continuous laser the pulse laser being spaced apart T, modulate the phase place of 0 or π through phase-modulator 103, then become through attenuator 104 decay the pulse laser that average photon number is less than 1.
As shown in Figure 2, the wavelength selection system 201 in described wavelength division multiplexing unit 2 ' adopts array waveguide grating (AWG) 201.Described multi-user Bob holds 3 ', each Bob user is assigned with a specific wavelength, set forth for Bob2 below: the time interval is that T multiwavelength laser burst transmissions is to array waveguide grating 201, way selection wavelength X 2 according to wave length addressing is that Bob2 is used, be transferred to 50:50 beam splitter 303 again, upper arm path 1: arrived bundling device 304 through the first completely reflecting mirror 301 and the second completely reflecting mirror 302 by reflects photons, underarm path 2: the photon of transmission directly arrives bundling device 304, adjustment upper arm path 1 is the time interval T of pulse than the time delay that underarm path 2 produces, two-beam interferes at bundling device 304, according to phase difference 0 or the π of Stochastic Modulation, response made by first detector 305 or the second detector 306.
As shown in Figure 3, transmitting terminal Alice end is encoded with 0 or π at random to each pulse, and phase place 0 represents password " 0 ", and phase place π represents password " 1 ", is transferred to Bob end by monomode fiber; Wavelength X 1, λ 2, λ 3 λ N are dispensed to Bob1, Bob2, Bob3BobN.For Bob2, Bob2 detects each corresponding photon section time of advent, if the first detector 305 responds the second detector 306 and does not respond, then count " 0 ", if the first detector 305 does not respond, the second detector 306 responds, then count " 1 ", if the first detector 305 and the second detector 306 all respond, or all do not respond, then abandon counting.The state of two continuous quantity subcodes can be detected according to result of detection.Bob2 sets up code book according to explorer response situation, tell which Alice hold detected photon in moment on the common channels, Alice end removes the part that Bob2 does not detect, set up code book, then amplify through data harmonization and close property, make the data invalid that may be ravesdropping, and Alice end is consistent with the password of Bob2.
As shown in Figure 4, a kind of cryptographic key distribution method being applied to the above-mentioned multi-user QKD network system based on DPS, the method comprises the following steps:
S1. system initialization: check the hardware facility that Alice end and multi-user Bob hold, check whether equipment runs well, setting initial condition;
S2. system noise levels test: launch a string laser pulse, the signal to noise ratio of test macro: SNR=10lg (PS/PN) at Alice end, wherein PS is signal power, and PN is noise power; Due to codec during long range propagation, the noise of channel and detector can the signal to noise ratio of influential system, and due to security needs signal to noise ratio acquire a certain degree also can communicate time also unavailable;
S3. fiber lengths test is arranged with pulse delay: Alice holds transmission one group of hard pulse, each Bob user is by ranging pulse due in, determine fiber lengths in link, the length relation between holding according to each Bob user and Alice, the fiber lengths of each Bob user presetting; Time delay between upper arm path and underarm path is set and feeds back to system initialization;
S4. quantum information coding: Alice end is held to multi-user Bob and sent pulse train, the coherent pulse light that constant duration is T is modulated into through intensity modulator, the phase place of 0 or π is modulated randomly through the laser pulse of phase-modulator, be attenuated the pulse becoming average photon number and be less than 1 again through attenuator, be demultiplexed into different Bob ends by Deplexing apparatus;
S5. testing keys with become code: the response that multi-user Bob holds 3 ' to record the first detector or the second detector, and record the detector corresponding moment, is sent to Alice end the moment of explorer response, Alice end holds the 3 ' data sent according to multi-user Bob, retain corresponding key string, all the other are cast out;
S6. the detection of the error rate: QBER=Nerr/Nsift, Nsift are the number of data after sieve, and Nerr is the number of code value mistake, if QBER>11%, illustrates and may be ravesdropping, gives up this communication, restarts;
S7. data harmonization and close property are amplified: data harmonization utilizes public classical channel to carry out the overall process of error correction to the data after screening, after above-mentioned data harmonization, transmit leg Alice end holds the data height had consistent with recipient multi-user Bob, and the error rate is very low; It is a kind of technology being improved data security by open communication that close property is amplified, because data harmonization may cause listener-in Eve to steal partial data, in order to improve the confidentiality of data, Alice end and multi-user Bob hold and carry out the amplification of close property to reduce effective information for cost, the information that Eve is obtained is invalid, improves the fail safe of effective information.
The safe key step-by-step that wherein S5 obtains stores, and adds storage prefix before often organizing safe key.The storage prefix of described safe key can adopt key transmitting time.
1. the problem that reduces along with the increase key generation efficiency of number of users of the present invention's quantum key distribution of adopting wavelength-division multiplex technique to overcome existing one-to-many;
2. the present invention can adopt array waveguide grating to overcome increase along with number of users, the situation that insertion loss increases.
3. the present invention adopts the relevant continuous laser pulse at modulating time T interval, and DPS increases the continuity of information, can resist point photon attack and a sequence attack etc., increase the fail safe of system;
4. the scheme of the present invention's employing is simple, components and parts technology maturation, and reliability is high, is easy to operation.
The announcement of book and guidance according to the above description, those skilled in the art in the invention can also change above-mentioned execution mode and revise.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to embodiment disclosed and described above, also should fall in the protection range of claim of the present invention some modifications and changes of invention.In addition, although employ some specific terms in this specification, these terms just for convenience of description, do not form any restriction to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, comprise Alice end, wavelength division multiplexing unit and multi-user Bob hold, described Alice is held to be held with multi-user Bob by wavelength division multiplexing unit and is connected, wherein:
Described Alice end comprises Multi-wavelength laser generation unit, intensity modulator, phase-modulator and attenuator;
Described wavelength division multiplexing unit comprises wavelength selection system;
Described multi-user Bob end comprises beam splitter, the first completely reflecting mirror, the second completely reflecting mirror, bundling device and detector assembly;
Described Multi-wavelength laser generation unit sends multi-wavelength continuous laser, using degree modulator is modulated into continuous laser the pulse laser that the time interval is T, through the phase place of phase modulator modulation 0 or π, then become through attenuator attenuates the pulse laser that average photon number is less than 1 and then enter into wavelength division multiplexing unit;
The time interval is the wavelength selection system of T multiwavelength laser burst transmissions to wavelength division multiplexing unit, according to a Bob end of the way selection respective wavelength of wave length addressing, then be transferred on beam splitter that corresponding Bob holds and form upper arm path and underarm path two paths: wherein upper arm path: arrived described bundling device through the first completely reflecting mirror and the second completely reflecting mirror by reflects photons; Underarm path: the photon of transmission directly arrives described bundling device; Then the time delay that upper arm path produces than underarm path is adjusted, described time delay is the time interval T of pulse, the two-beam in upper arm path and underarm path interferes at described bundling device place, and according to phase difference 0 or the π of Stochastic Modulation, described detector assembly makes response.
2., as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, described wavelength selection system is array waveguide grating or wavelength-selective switches.
3., as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, described Multi-wavelength laser generation unit comprises multi-wavelength continuous wave laser and wavelength selector.
4. as claimed in claim 2 based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, described multi-wavelength continuous wave laser is for generation of the relevant multi-wavelength continuous laser meeting multiple user and communicate simultaneously.
5. as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, described wavelength selector adopts the way selection wavelength of secondary equal difference frequency interval.
6., as claimed in claim 1 based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, described detector assembly comprises the first detector and the second detector.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on the multi-user QKD network system of DPS, it is characterized in that, the laser pulse in described upper arm path and underarm path is after bundling device, phase difference according to two pulses makes response at described first detector and the second detector: when the phase difference of two continuous impulses is 0, described first explorer response, now measurement result " 0 "; When the phase difference of two continuous impulses is π, described second explorer response, now measurement result " 1 ".
8. be applied to a cryptographic key distribution method for the multi-user QKD network system based on DPS described in any one of claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
S1. system initialization: check the hardware facility that Alice end and multi-user Bob hold, check whether equipment runs well, setting initial condition;
S2. system noise levels test: launch a string laser pulse, the signal to noise ratio of test macro: SNR=10lg (PS/PN) at Alice end, wherein PS is signal power, and PN is noise power; Due to codec during long range propagation, the noise of channel and detector can the signal to noise ratio of influential system, and due to security needs signal to noise ratio acquire a certain degree also can communicate time also unavailable;
S3. fiber lengths test is arranged with pulse delay: Alice holds transmission one group of hard pulse, each Bob user is by ranging pulse due in, determine fiber lengths in link, the length relation between holding according to each Bob user and Alice, the fiber lengths of each Bob user presetting; Time delay between upper arm path and underarm path is set and feeds back to system initialization;
S4. quantum information coding: Alice end is held to multi-user Bob and sent pulse train, the coherent pulse light that constant duration is T is modulated into through intensity modulator, the phase place of 0 or π is modulated randomly through the laser pulse of phase-modulator, be attenuated the pulse becoming average photon number and be less than 1 again through attenuator, be demultiplexed into different Bob ends by Deplexing apparatus;
S5. testing keys with become code: multi-user Bob holds the response of record first detector or the second detector, and record the detector corresponding moment, is sent to Alice end the moment of explorer response, Alice end holds the data sent according to multi-user Bob, retain corresponding key string, all the other are cast out;
S6. the detection of the error rate: QBER=Nerr/Nsift, Nsift are the number of data after sieve, and Nerr is the number of code value mistake, if QBER>11%, illustrates and may be ravesdropping, gives up this communication, restarts;
S7. data harmonization and close property are amplified: data harmonization utilizes public classical channel to carry out the overall process of error correction to the data after screening, after above-mentioned data harmonization, transmit leg Alice end holds the data height had consistent with recipient multi-user Bob, and the error rate is very low; It is a kind of technology being improved data security by open communication that close property is amplified, because data harmonization may cause listener-in Eve to steal partial data, in order to improve the confidentiality of data, Alice end and multi-user Bob hold and carry out the amplification of close property to reduce effective information for cost, the information that Eve is obtained is invalid, improves the fail safe of effective information.
9. as claimed in claim 8 based on the multi-user QKD cryptographic key distribution method of DPS, it is characterized in that, the safe key step-by-step that described S5 obtains stores, and adds storage prefix before often organizing safe key.
10., as claimed in claim 9 based on the multi-user QKD cryptographic key distribution method of DPS, it is characterized in that, the storage prefix of described safe key can adopt key transmitting time.
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Cited By (17)
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