CN105488773B - A kind of reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram - Google Patents
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- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of multi-media information safety, and in particular to a kind of reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram, comprises the following steps：（1）By carrier image piecemeal, the peak value of each sub-block histogram is calculated；（2）According to the embedding capacity of each sub-block, sub-block of the adaptive selection for embedding information；（3）In embedding information, using a kind of method of adaptively selected histogram translation direction.The present invention is a kind of new histogram shift method, can efficiently embedding information and can information embedded by lossless extraction, recover original image, make it that embedding information is safer using the method for piecemeal, improve overall embedded rate, adaptively selected histogram translation direction can then effectively improve the Y-PSNR of image, further improve picture quality.So as to provide help for the application such as medical treatment, military affairs, the reversible information concealment effect of the inventive method image higher to precision is better.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of multi-media information safety, and in particular to it is a kind of based on block adaptive histogram translation can
Inverse information concealing method.
Background technology
It is that useful Information hiding is transmitted and propagated in disclosed image that view data, which is hidden,.Most data are hidden
Hiding algorithm can all make image produce irreversible distortion, but in some practical applications, the image modification caused by embedding information
It is unacceptable.For example in the fields such as military affairs, medical treatment, not only embedded information is significant, initial carrier image
It is also indispensable.The purpose of reversible information concealing technology is that user can not only intactly extract embedded
Information, at the same can be lossless recovery original image.Not only possess wide in military and medical field, reversible information concealing technology
Development space, in judicial domain, user right multiple management field, it equally has good development prospect.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the method for the present invention is that proposes that a kind of histogram translation reversible information based on block adaptive hides side
Method, compared to existing histogram shift method, the inventive method can carry out letter in the case of higher picture quality is kept
The insertion of breath, and lossless extraction information and original image can be recovered, lossless reciprocal Information hiding is realized, is carried for medical treatment and military affairs
For helping, and the inventive method is highly suitable for high precision image.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of histogram translation reversible information hidden method based on block adaptive, comprises the following steps：
(1) to carrier image piecemeal, adaptive selection embedded block, including following steps：
(11) carrier image is divided into the sub-block of M N*N size, and by its scramble, all sub-blocks are divided into two class S and A,
S classes sub-block is used to be embedded in effective information, and A classes sub-block is used to be embedded in additional information；
(12) before embedded effective information, the embedding capacity of each sub-block, the length gauge according to effective information are first calculated
Embedding capacity threshold value R is calculated, block of information to be embedded is determined with this；
(13) for the selected sub-block for embedding information, to overflow after preventing embedding information, sub-block need to be carried out in advance
Processing, spilling adjustment is done, i.e.,：Scan each pixel one by one according to order from top to bottom from left to right, to pixel value be 0,1,
254th, 255 pixel makes marks, and (pixel value is 1 or 254 not adjust, labeled as 0；Pixel value be 0 be adjusted to 1, as
Plain value is 255 to be adjusted to 254, and labeled as 1), this 0,1 mark forms positioning and schemes LM1；
(14) pay attention in selected embedded block, if (peak value of sub-block histogram refers to h to peak pixel value in current sub-block
(x) pixel value x during maximum, that is, the most pixel value of pixel in a sub-block are obtained) it is effective in this sub-block histogram
On the left margin of width and when embedded bit information is all 0, to avoid extraction from malfunctioning, using 0,1 sequence mark, occur such
The sub-block of special circumstances is labeled as 1, and otherwise labeled as 0, LM2 is schemed in the positioning of this 0,1 Sequence composition；
(15) marking whether each sub-block embedded in information with 0,1 sequence, the sub-block that embedded in effective information is labeled as 1,
Otherwise 0 is labeled as, this 0,1 Sequence composition positioning figure LM3.
(2) direction that histogram translates during adaptive selection embedding information, it is specially：
The histogram of sub-block is first drawn, histogram transverse axis x is pixel value, and span [0,255], longitudinal axis h (x) is each picture
Pixel number corresponding to element value, if from 0 from left to right first non-zero h (x) respective pixels value be a, from 255 first non-zero from right to left
H (x) respective pixels value is b, then valid pixel value span corresponding to histogram is [a, b], compares peak value in histogram
Pixel value max and a, b distance, if max is nearer away from b, histogram is to right translation, conversely, histogram is to left.
(3) in order to extract effective information that sender is embedded into carrier image and recover original image, sender
Also need to that the additional informations such as the peak pixel value of the sub-block of information will be embedded in also to be embedded into image and send recipient to, it is adaptive
Bit length should be selected to reduce additional information, comprised the following steps that：
(31) according to the histogram distribution of sub-block, its effective width range is calculated；
(32) determine to represent the minimum number of bits k needed for (range+1), add 1 to be since it is considered that histogram translates
Effective width may be increased, the scope that can be represented beyond k bits；
(33) position of the peak value in histogram is represented that positional number is counted since 0 with k bits.
(4) effective information it is embedding it is complete after, using histogram translate method additional information is embedded into reserved A class sub-blocks
In, additional information includes side information of positioning figure, each sub-block peak value etc..
(5) recipient is after receiving and carrying the image of embedding information, and extraction information, the process for recovering original image are：
(51) image block and scramble of embedding information will be equally carried, the additional information in A class sub-blocks is first extracted, obtains
Go out the positional information of the peak value of positioning figure and embedded block histogram, and recover to adjust the spilling of A class sub-blocks；
(52) sub-block is scanned, the sub-block for carrying information can be found out according to positioning figure LM3, the histogram meter according to sub-block
Calculate pixel distribution scope range, then peak value is determined according to the peak-location information that extracts and special circumstances mark figure LM2
The pixel value of point；
(53) if position of the peak value in histogram is more than or equal toIt can be inferred that information Nogata in insertion
Figure is to right translation, then in extraction, histogram is to left；Conversely, histogram is to right translation during extraction information；Again finally
Spilling adjustment is done to the image after extraction information according to spill down correction positioning figure LM1；Thus, it is possible to embedded information is extracted,
And lossless recover original image.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is：The present invention is that a kind of new histogram is put down
Shifting method, can efficiently embedding information and can information embedded by lossless extraction, recover original image, using the method for piecemeal
So that embedding information is safer, improves overall embedded rate, adaptively selected histogram translation direction can then effectively improve image
Y-PSNR, further improve picture quality.So as to provide help, the inventive method for the application such as medical treatment, military affairs
The reversible information concealment effect of the image higher to precision is better.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is to carry out the hiding flow chart of reversible information using the inventive method；
Fig. 2 is the statistical experiment result figure in lena image embedding informations.
Embodiment
Accompanying drawing being given for example only property explanation, it is impossible to be interpreted as the limitation to this patent；It is attached in order to more preferably illustrate the present embodiment
Scheme some parts to have omission, zoom in or out, do not represent the size of actual product；
To those skilled in the art, it is to be appreciated that some known features and its explanation, which may be omitted, in accompanying drawing
's.Technical scheme is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
It is the flow of the reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram in the inventive method such as Fig. 1
Figure, it is comprised the following steps that：
(1) to carrier image piecemeal, adaptive selection embedded block, it is specially：
(11) carrier image is divided into the sub-block of M N*N size, and by its scramble；
(12) two class S will be divided into by the sub-block of scramble and A, S class sub-block is used to be embedded in effective information, A classes sub-block is used for embedding
Enter additional information；
(13) for for being embedded in the S class sub-blocks of effective information, first calculating the histogram of each sub-block, showing that its insertion is held
Amount；
(14) it is arranged in descending order according to the embedding capacity of each sub-block, calculated completely embedding using minimal number of sub-block
Enter the embedding capacity threshold value R required by effective information；
(15) scan by the sub-block after scramble, calculate its embedding capacity, if embedding capacity >=R, the sub-block is used for being embedded in
Effective information, otherwise skip, untill all effective informations are completely embedded into；
(16), need to be to S classes to overflow after preventing from being embedded in effective information for the selected sub-block for being used for being embedded in effective information
Sub-block is pre-processed, i.e.,：Scan each pixel one by one according to order from top to bottom from left to right, to pixel value be 0,1,
254th, 255 pixel makes marks, and (pixel value is 1 or 254 not adjust, labeled as 0；Pixel value be 0 be adjusted to 1, as
Plain value is 255 to be adjusted to 254, and labeled as 1), this 0,1 mark forms positioning and schemes LM1；
(17) pay attention in selected embedded block, if peak pixel value is in this sub-block histogram effective width in current sub-block
Left margin on and embedded bit information when being all 0, to avoid extraction from malfunctioning, using 0,1 sequence mark, it is such special to occur
The sub-block of situation is labeled as 1, and otherwise labeled as 0, LM2 is schemed in the positioning of this 0,1 Sequence composition；
(18) marking whether each sub-block embedded in information with 0,1 sequence, the sub-block that embedded in effective information is labeled as 1,
Otherwise 0 is labeled as, this 0,1 Sequence composition positioning figure LM3.
(2) direction that histogram translates during adaptive selection embedding information, it is specially：
(21) to meeting embedded desired sub-block, its histogram is first obtained, then calculates the pixel value model of histogram distribution
[a, b] is enclosed, finds out peak pixel value；
(22) distance length (a), the length (b) between peak pixel value and a, b two-end-point are calculated, if length
(a)≤length (b), then histogram is to right translation during embedding information, conversely, histogram is to left；
(23) if it is determined that histogram scans the pixel p of sub-block, embedded bit is b (b is 0 or 1), embedded to right translation
Pixel value after information is p*, then：
Conversely, if it is determined that histogram to left, then：
(3) in order to extract effective information that sender is embedded into carrier image and recover original image, sender
Also need to that the additional informations such as the peak pixel value of the sub-block of information will be embedded in also to be embedded into image and send recipient to, it is adaptive
Bit length should be selected to reduce additional information, comprised the following steps that：
(31) according to the histogram distribution of sub-block, its effective width range is calculated；
(32) determine to represent the minimum number of bits k needed for (range+1), add 1 to be since it is considered that histogram translates
Effective width may be increased, the scope that can be represented beyond k bits；
(33) position of the peak value in histogram is represented that positional number is counted since 0 with k bits.
(4) effective information it is embedding it is complete after, using histogram translate method additional information is embedded into reserved A class sub-blocks
In, additional information includes side information of positioning figure, each sub-block peak value etc., concretely comprises the following steps：
(41) to prevent histogram from being overflowed after translating, spill down correction first is carried out to A classes sub-block, i.e.,：According to from top to bottom from
Left-to-right order scans each pixel one by one, the pixel that pixel value is 0,1,254,255 is made marks (pixel value be 1 or
254 do not adjust, labeled as 0；The 1, pixel value that is adjusted to that pixel value is 0 is 255 to be adjusted to 254, and labeled as 1), will
This mark figure LM4 is also placed in additional information；
(42) length of all additional informations is calculated, length information is placed in before additional information together with additional information in the lump
It is embedded into A class sub-blocks.
(5) recipient extraction information, recovers the step of original image such as after receiving and carrying the image of embedding information
Under：
(51) image block and scramble of embedding information will be equally carried, first extracts additional information in A class sub-blocks
Content, the positional information mpNum of the peak value of positioning figure and embedded block histogram is drawn, and according to the mark figure extracted
LM4 recovers to adjust the spilling of A class sub-blocks；
(52) S class sub-blocks are scanned, the sub-block for carrying information can be found out according to positioning figure LM3, the Nogata according to sub-block
Figure calculates pixel distribution scope range, then is determined according to the peak-location information that extracts and special circumstances mark figure LM2
The pixel value of peak point；
If it is not belonging to special circumstances according to the current fritters of LM2, then the pixel value of peak point is：
Mp=startP+mpNum+1
If conversely, belonging to special circumstances, have：
Mp=startP+mpNum
Wherein startP is the pixel value of first pixel number non-zero in current fritter；
(53) if position of the peak value in histogramIt can be inferred that information histogram when embedded be to
Right translation, then in extraction, peak value max, scanning element point p*, bit information b is extracted, the pixel of recovery is p °, is had：
If conversely, position of the peak value in histogramHave：
(54) when extracting information, while position figure LM1 according to spill down correction and recover to adjust the spilling of embedding information sub-block
It is whole：By each pixel in sequential scan sub-block from top to bottom from left to right, to the pixel that pixel value is 1 or 254, foundation
LM1 judges whether the pixel carries out overcorrect, if so, its pixel value is then adjusted to 0 or 255, it is otherwise constant.
Thus, it is lossless while embedding information is extracted to have recovered original image.
The principle of the inventive method is as follows：
The method that the inventive method employs piecemeal, compared to existing histogram translation method for, embedding capacity
It is significantly increased；Embedding capacity according to each sub-block carrys out adaptive selection embedded block and according to the translation of sub-block histogram
Invalid mobile quantity carrys out moving direction during adaptive selection sub-block embedding information, can effectively improve the PSNR (Peak of image
Signal to Noise Ratio) value；In addition, the effective width according to each sub-block histogram, which carrys out adaptive determination, is used for table
Show binary digit of peak information, can effectively reduce the length of additional information.
Some experimental results using the inventive method are given below：
By taking 512*512 lena gray level images as an example, image is divided into the sub-block of 32*32 sizes, then a total of 256
Sub-block.The sub-block of image is entered into line shuffle, 1-192 sub-blocks are used for be embedded in effective information, 193-256 sub-blocks are used for embedded additional
Information.Calculate the lower PSNR values obtained between image and original image of different embedded rates.Experimental result shows, the inventive method
Can effectively improve the insertion rate and PSNR values of image, and can be lossless extract embedding information, recover initial carrier image.
Fig. 2 is to take 20 different key to carry out scramble image, does the experimental result obtained by statistical average.From experimental result, the present invention
Method can effectively improve the insertion rate of image and improve picture quality.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention.For those of ordinary skill in the field, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other changes in different forms.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all this
All any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principle of invention etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of reversible information hidden method based on the translation of block adaptive histogram, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) it is to carrier image piecemeal, adaptive selection effective information sub-block to be embedded, its detailed process：
(11) carrier image is divided into the sub-block of M N*N size, and by its scramble, all sub-blocks are divided into two class S and A, S class
Sub-block is used to be embedded in effective information, and A classes sub-block is used to be embedded in additional information；
(12) before embedded effective information, the embedding capacity of each sub-block, the length according to effective information to be embedded are first calculated
Embedding capacity threshold value R is calculated, corresponding effective information sub-block to be embedded select with this；
(13) to prevent that histogram overflows after embedding information, need to pre-process to all sub-blocks, spilling adjustment is done；
(2) direction that histogram translates during adaptive selection embedding information, it is specially：
The histogram of sub-block is first drawn, histogram transverse axis x is pixel value, and span [0,255], longitudinal axis h (x) is each pixel value
Corresponding pixel number, if from 0 from left to right first non-zero h (x) respective pixels value be a, from 255 first non-zero h (x) from right to left
Respective pixel value is b, then valid pixel value span corresponding to histogram is [a, b], compares peak value picture in the histogram
Element value max and a, b distance, if max is nearer away from b, the histogram is to right translation, conversely, the histogram is to left；
(3) additional information for the sub-block that embedded in effective information is embedded into image and transmitted, adaptively selected additional information
Bit length, it is specially：
(31) according to the histogram distribution of sub-block, its effective width range is calculated；
(32) determine that effective width is expressed as the minimum number of bits k needed for the histogram of (range+1)；
(33) position of the peak value in histogram is represented that positional number is counted since 0 with k bits；
(4) effective information it is embedding it is complete after, using histogram translate method additional information is embedded into reserved A class sub-blocks；
(5) after receiving and carrying the image of embedding information, extraction information, the process for recovering original image are：
(51) image block and scramble of embedding information will be carried, the additional information in A class sub-blocks is first extracted, draws positioning
The positional information of figure and embedded block histogram peak, and recover to adjust the spilling of A class sub-blocks；
(52) sub-block is scanned, finds out the sub-block for carrying effective information, the histogram calculation pixel distribution scope according to sub-block
Range, and determine the pixel value of peak point；
(53) if position of the peak value in histogram is more than or equal toThat is information histogram in insertion is flat to the right
Move, then in extraction, histogram is to left；Conversely, histogram is to right translation during extraction information；Finally to extraction information after
Image do spilling adjustment；Thereby, it is possible to extract embedded information, and lossless recover original image.
2. the reversible information hidden method according to claim 1 based on the translation of block adaptive histogram, its feature exist
In being pre-processed to selected effective information sub-block to be embedded, be specially：
Each pixel is scanned one by one according to order from top to bottom from left to right, to the pixel that pixel value is 0,1,254,255
Make marks；Wherein pixel value is 1 or 254 not adjust, labeled as 0；The 1, pixel value that is adjusted to that wherein pixel value is 0 is
255 are adjusted to 254, and labeled as 1, this 0,1 mark forms positioning figure LM1；
If peak pixel value is on the left margin of this sub-block histogram effective width in current sub-block and embedded bit information is complete
For 0 when, labeled as 1, otherwise labeled as 0,0,1 mark forms special circumstances mark figure LM2；
Mark whether each sub-block embedded in information with 0,1 sequence, the sub-block that embedded in effective information is labeled as 1, otherwise marks
For 0, this 0,1 Sequence composition positioning figure LM3.
3. the reversible information hidden method according to claim 2 based on the translation of block adaptive histogram, its feature exist
In after step (52) the scanning sub-block, foundation positioning figure LM3 finds out the sub-block for carrying effective information, according to the straight of sub-block
Side's figure calculates pixel distribution scope range, then next true according to the peak-location information and special circumstances mark figure LM2 extracted
Determine the pixel value of peak point.
4. the reversible information hidden method according to claim 3 based on the translation of block adaptive histogram, its feature exist
In in the step (53), if position of the peak value in histogram is more than or equal toThat is information Nogata in insertion
Figure is to right translation, then in extraction, histogram is to left；Conversely, histogram is to right translation during extraction information；Again finally
Spilling adjustment is done to the image after extraction information according to spill down correction positioning figure LM1；Thereby, it is possible to extract embedded information,
And lossless recover original image.
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