CN105486664B - Detect marine phytoplankton biomass and the laser radar apparatus and method of POC - Google Patents
Detect marine phytoplankton biomass and the laser radar apparatus and method of POC Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of device and method for detecting marine phytoplankton biomass and particulate organic carbon.The present invention is based on high spectral resolution lidar, with reference to marine phytoplankton biomass and POC inversion algorithms, particle volume scattering equation and effective attenuation factor Simultaneous Retrieving Phytoplankton biomass and POC when using angle of scattering in laser radar equation being π.The present invention is using the high spectral resolution lidar system for being operated in frequency multiplication wave band, coordinate marine phytoplankton biomass and POC inversion algorithms, the high-acruracy survey of a wide range of high depth resolution can be carried out to the marine phytoplankton biomass in ocean and POC without sampling.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Yu Haiyang active remote sensing field of detecting, more particularly to one kind detection marine phytoplankton biomass and
The laser radar apparatus and method of particulate organic carbon.
Background technology
Ocean occupies the area of the earth 71%, its carbon storage is far more than terrestrial ecosystems, therefore ocean is in Global Carbon
Play an important role in circulation.With expanding economy, artificial carbon emission amount constantly rises, CO in air2The increase of content
Global warming is caused, the balance of natural ecosystems is not only endangered, also threatens the existence of the mankind.Ocean is in CO2From
So leading role is played in circulation, research ocean carbon cycle is for understanding, predicting, tackling, even efficiently controlling climate change
There is huge help, both developed and developing country can be helped to formulate suitable policy and slow down or suppress Atmospheric CO2The increasing of content
Add.Meanwhile the living resources enriched in ocean make a great contribution for Regional Economic Development, the marine stock biomass of different waters
Productivity depending on marine ecosystems.The factors such as marine pollution, ocean current, temperature can all influence the production of marine ecosystems
Power, makes the stock numbers such as phytoplankton, zooplankter, fish change.Ocean carbon cycle is the main of energy transmission in ocean
Medium, the process and intensity of accurate Measuring Oceanic carbon cycle are for oceans such as assessment primary productivity of marine ecosystem, marine fish resources
Productivity of Ecological System parameter has important reference value.In short, marine carbon circulates in global carbon and marine ecosystems
Research in play a significant role.
Bio-pump is one of leading process of ocean carbon cycle, it is dissolved in seawater by the photosynthesis of phytoplankton
In CO2The organic carbon being fixed as in organism, passes through the metabolic pm emission organic carbon of planktonic organism
(Particulate Organic Carbon, POC) and dissolved organic carbon (Dissolved Organic Carbon, DOC).Essence
Really the process of analysis bio-pump and intensity have important reference value in the research of ocean carbon cycle.
Conventional oceanographic survey means carry out the analysis of biological pump and intensity using direct sampled result in situ, its
Inferior position is inefficient, low spatial and temporal resolution.The a wide range of real-time synchronization multi-spectral imaging that ocean passive remote sensing technology has
Technical advantage, can rapidly detect the spatial and temporal variation of each parameter of ocean surface.But the shortcomings that passive remote sensing is only to carry
Detected for face, vertical sounding can not be carried out, and passive remote sensing is also influenced by solar radiation, can not night and it is relatively low too
Worked normally under positive elevation angle, the considerable influence of atmospheric scattering can be also subject on daytime.Laser radar as active remote sensing device,
From the influence of solar radiation, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide high-resolution ocean depth information, the inverting for marine organisms pump group point provide
New thinking.It is worth noting that, high spectral resolution lidar has been separated using frequency discriminator in the cloth of hydrone generation
The Mie scattering spectrum that particulate matter produces in deep pool scattering and water, substantially increases the inversion accuracy of marine organisms pump group point.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, it is proposed that one kind detection marine phytoplankton life
The laser radar apparatus and method of object amount and POC.The present invention is based on high spectral resolution lidar, with reference to marine phytoplankton
Biomass and POC inversion algorithms, carry out Phytoplankton biomass and POC the high accuracy with depth resolution in real time and supervise
Survey.
Detect the laser radar apparatus of marine phytoplankton biomass and particulate organic carbon, including polarization high spectral resolution
Laser radar system.And the polarization high spectral resolution laser is operated in frequency multiplication, including emission system, reception
System, Locking System, data acquisition and processing system；Emission system includes fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode
Pulse laser, beam expander, photodetector, spectroscope, speculum；Reception system includes telescope, narrow band filter slice, reflection
Mirror, polarization splitting prism, spectroscope, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, interference frequency discriminator and three photodetectors；
Locking System includes fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, single mode optical fiber, interference frequency discriminator, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic light splitting
Mirror and photodetector；The continuous light that fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser is sent is after frequency multiplication in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser
Middle generation resonance, makes the pulsed light that frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser is launched have unimodular property；Pulsed light after beam expander by
Spectroscope is divided into two-way, and weaker transmitted light is changed by the light intensity of photodetector monitoring outgoing, compared with strong reflection under telescope
Side injects ocean after speculum；By narrow band filter slice wiping out background light after the echo-signal of telescope collection ocean, through reflective
Mirror imports reception system；Echo-signal is divided into two orthogonal beam polarised lights by polarization splitting prism, with shoot laser polarization direction
Vertical signal all the way is received by a photodetector in reception system, is known as vertical hybrid channel；It is inclined with shoot laser
The parallel signal all the way in direction that shakes is divided into two-beam by spectroscope, and light beam is connect by another photodetector of reception system
Receive, be known as parallel mixing passages；After another light beam passes through one of frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, through interfering frequency discriminator
Ocean particle Mie scattering signal is filtered out, through ocean Brillouin's molecular scattering signal, then through another frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic
Spectroscope is received by another photodetector of reception system, is known as parallel molecular channel；Using single mode optical fiber by fundamental frequency list
Continuous light directive frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter of longitudinal mode continuous wave laser transmitting, it is anti-through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter
Interference frequency discriminator is injected, is received by a photoelectric detector by another frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter reflection, and is fed back to interference
Frequency discriminator makes it be locked in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser；The optical signals number that three photodetectors of reception system obtain
Opto-electronic conversion, collection and digitlization are carried out according to collection and processing system, and is carried out marine phytoplankton biomass and POC
Back analysis.
When system is unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar, including emission system, reception system, frequency locking system
System, data acquisition and processing system；Emission system include fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser,
Beam expander, photodetector, spectroscope, speculum；Reception system includes telescope, narrow band filter slice, speculum, polarization spectro
Prism, spectroscope, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, interference frequency discriminator and three photodetectors；Locking System includes
Fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, single mode optical fiber, interference frequency discriminator, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter and photodetection
Device；After frequency multiplication in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser resonance occurs for the continuous light that fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser is sent,
Make the pulsed light that frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser is launched that there is unimodular property；Pulsed light is divided into two after beam expander by spectroscope
Road, weaker transmitted light by photodetector monitoring outgoing light intensity change, compared with strong reflection below telescope after speculum
Inject ocean；By narrow band filter slice wiping out background light after the echo-signal of telescope collection ocean, imported through reflective mirror and receive system
System；Echo-signal is divided into two-beam by spectroscope, and light beam is received by a photodetector of reception system, and referred to as mixing is logical
Road；After another light beam passes through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, through interfering frequency discriminator to filter out ocean particle Mie scattering signal, thoroughly
Ocean Brillouin's molecular scattering signal is crossed, then is visited through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter by another photoelectricity of reception system
Survey device to receive, be known as molecular channel；The continuous light directive frequency multiplication for being launched fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser using single mode optical fiber/
Fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, reflects into interference frequency discriminator through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, by frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic point
Light microscopic reflection is received by a photoelectric detector, and feeding back to interference frequency discriminator makes it be locked in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser；Connect
The optical signals data acquisition and processing system that two photodetectors of receipts system obtain carries out opto-electronic conversion, collection and numeral
Change, and carried out marine phytoplankton biomass and the back analysis of POC.
The two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter and interference frequency discriminator shares for reception system and Locking System；
When the optical maser wavelength of system is there is no during the relation of fundamental frequency and frequency multiplication, system does not have fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication/base
Frequency dichroic beamsplitter is changed to polarization splitting prism, the polarization direction 1/ of the pulsed light of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser transmitting
4 wave plates introduce Locking System after being rotated by 90 °.
The fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser and the laser frequency spectrum width of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser are not more than
150MHz, polarizes in p or s directions；The fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser and the wavelength of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser
Changed according to the needs of sea water opacity and inversion algorithm, such as using 1064nm single longitudinal modes are continuous and 532nm single longitudinal mode pulses
Laser, or 1331nm single longitudinal modes are continuous and 665.5nm single longitudinal mode pulses Nd:GdCOB lasers.
Spectroscopical transflection ratio (1-R1):R1 very littles, such as 0.5:99.5.
The speculum 6 and telescope meet that boat-carrying swashs to determine the critical piece of boat-carrying laser radar overlap factor
Optical radar overlap factor blind area is not more than 3 meters of condition；The telescope is short-focus telescope, its acceptance angle is not less than
10mrad, and there is a certain range of regulating power, such as 10~40mrad；When the speculum 6 is coaxial with telescope,
The diameter of speculum 6 is less than the 1/2 of telescope；When the speculum 6 and telescope are off-axis, speculum 6 and telescope
Spacing it is as far as possible small, and inclined mirror 6 approaches the component of the optical axis included angle of shoot laser and telescope in a parallel direction
The 1/2 of telescope acceptance angle, and laser deviation telescope side.
When laser radar is airborne, the deciding part of overlap factor includes speculum 6 and telescope；The telescope
For focal length large aperture telescope, its acceptance angle is smaller, and has a certain range of regulating power, such as 0.1~1mrad；Described
Speculum 6 is in off-axis or position coaxial with telescope, and the overlap factor for making laser radar is 1 in ocean.
Spectroscopical transflection ratio (1-R2):R2 is not 50:50, its transmissivity is much larger than reflectivity, and such as 95:5.
The interference frequency discriminator is the interferometer for having high spectral resolution；When laser radar is boat-carrying, interference mirror
Frequency device is insensitive to incident light angle, such as Confocal Fabry Perot interferometer or field widening Michelson's interferometer；Work as laser
When radar is airborne, interference frequency discriminator selection Fabry-Perot interferometers or field widening Michelson's interferometer；Described is dry
It is consistent with the outgoing pulse optical wavelength of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser to relate to the center filter wavelength of frequency discriminator, interferes frequency discriminator energy
Enough filter out relative to the constant ocean particle Mie scattering signal of outgoing pulse optical spectrum, through the ocean cloth that Brillouin shift occurs
In deep molecular scattering signal.
Detect the inversion method of the laser radar apparatus of marine phytoplankton biomass and particulate organic carbon, including following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, the scattered signal according to above-mentioned polarization high spectral resolution laser, the apparent light in inverting ocean
Learn parameter：Particle volume scattering equation β when angle of scattering is πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd；By polarization high spectral resolution laser
The signal strength that radar system telescope is collected can be written as
Wherein, P0For pulse energy, α is the extinction coefficient of air, TOAnd TSRespectively laser radar system and seawater surface
Transmissivity, G is overlap factor, and n is refraction index of sea water, and v is the light velocity in vacuum, τ0For pulse width, ArIt is effective for telescope
Area, distances of the H for telescope apart from sea, the distance that z is propagated in water for light, βmMolecular volume when for angle of scattering being π
Scattering equation；Formula (1) can be reduced to
B=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (2)
Wherein, B=[P (nH+z)2]/(CG), constantOptics is thick
Degree
Entered the vertical hybrid channel, parallel of polarization high spectral resolution laser by telescope received signal
Hybrid channel and parallel molecular channel, formula (2) are rewritten as respectively
Wherein, subscript ⊥ and P represents vertical and parallel direction, T respectivelymAnd TpRespectively wave filter dissipates molecule and particle
Penetrate the transmitance of light；The particle volume scattering equation of parallel direction is derived by according to formula (3), (4) and (5)
Wherein,It is the depolarized coefficient of molecule back scattering,The particle volume scattering of vertical direction
Equation is
Wherein,For the depolarized coefficient of total back scattering；The volume scattering equation of particle be expressed as formula (6) with
The sum of (7)
Effective attenuation factor is written as
Step 2, particle volume scattering equation β when according to angle of scattering being πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd, inverting seawater consolidates
There is optical parameter：Particle backscattering coefficient bbpWith particle ray attenuation coefficient cp；
Particle backscattering coefficient bbpParticle volume scattering equation β when with angle of scattering being πpRelation be expressed as
bbp=2 π χp(π)βp, (10)
Wherein, conversion factor χp(π) is estimated by ray attenuation coefficient
χp(π)=χ1c+χ2, (11)
Wherein, χ1And χ2For constant coefficient, particle ray attenuation coefficient cpThe beam attenuation of water removal is gone by ray attenuation coefficient c
Coefficient cwObtain
cp=c-cw, (12)
Wherein, c can be represented by Multiple Scattering coefficient η
C=Kd/η, (13)
Since Multiple Scattering can cause depolarization, Multiple Scattering coefficient is expressed as
Wherein, ω=(βm+βp)/KdFor total scattering extinction ratio；
Step 3, according to inherent optical properties bbpAnd cpInverting bio-pump component：Phytoplankton biomass and POC；
Phytoplankton biomass CphytoRespectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows：
Cphyto=k1(bbp-k2), (15)
Cplyto=γ1(cp+γ2)· (16)
Particulate organic carbon POC is respectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows
Wherein, k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithFor constant coefficient.
When the detection marine phytoplankton biomass described in step 1 and the laser radar apparatus of particulate organic carbon are unpolarized
High spectral resolution lidar when, comprise the following steps that：
Step 4, the scattered signal according to above-mentioned unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar system, inverting ocean are apparent
Optical parameter：Particle volume scattering equation β when angle of scattering is πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd；By unpolarized high spectral resolution
The signal strength that laser radar telescope is collected can be written as
Wherein, P0For pulse energy, α is the extinction coefficient of air, TOAnd TSRespectively laser radar system and seawater surface
Transmissivity, G is overlap factor, and n is refraction index of sea water, and v is the light velocity in vacuum, τ0For pulse width, ArIt is effective for telescope
Area, distances of the H for telescope apart from sea, the distance that z is propagated in water for light, βmMolecular volume when for angle of scattering being π
Scattering equation；Formula (19) can be reduced to,
B=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (20)
Wherein, B=[P (nH+z)2]/(CG), constantOptics is thick
Degree
Entered hybrid channel and the molecule of unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar system by telescope received signal
Passage, formula (20) are rewritten as respectively
Bc=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (21)
Bm=(Tmβm+TPβp)·exp(-2τ), (22)
The volume scattering equation of particle is expressed as
Effective attenuation factor is written as
Step 5, particle volume scattering equation β when according to angle of scattering being πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd, inverting seawater consolidates
There is optical parameter：Particle backscattering coefficient bbpWith particle ray attenuation coefficient cp；
Particle backscattering coefficient bbpParticle volume scattering equation β when with angle of scattering being πpRelation be expressed as
bbp=2 π χp(π)βp, (25)
Wherein, conversion factor χp(π) is estimated by ray attenuation coefficient
χp(π)=χ1c+χ2, (26)
Wherein, χ1And χ2For constant coefficient, particle ray attenuation coefficient cpThe beam attenuation of water removal is gone by ray attenuation coefficient c
Coefficient cwObtain
cp=c-cw, (27)
Wherein, the information of c is contained in effective attenuation factor
Kd=K '+(c-K ') exp (- 0.85cD), (28)
Wherein, K ' is unrestrained attenuation coefficient, and D is the visual field size that telescope is projected on seawater.Connect by varying telescope
Angle is received, c's is sized to by parameter KdThe curve matching of-D is obtained；In off-lying sea, ray attenuation coefficient can be approximately c ≈ Kd/
(1- ω), wherein, ω=(βm+βp)/KdFor total scattering extinction ratio；
Step 6, according to inherent optical properties bbpAnd cpInverting bio-pump component：Phytoplankton biomass and POC；
Phytoplankton biomass CphytoRespectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows：
Cphyto=k1(bbp-k2), (29)
Cplyto=γ1(cp+γ2)· (30)
Particulate organic carbon POC is respectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows
Wherein, k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithFor constant coefficient.
The marine phytoplankton biomass and POC inversion algorithms by the step 1, step 2, step 3 or
Step 4, step 5, step 6, utilize the particle volume scattering equation and effective attenuation factor Simultaneous Retrieving in laser radar equation
Phytoplankton biomass and POC.
Constant coefficient in the marine phytoplankton biomass and POC inversion algorithms is the laser shown in using the present invention
Radar system carries out related waters what is obtained after actual measurement.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention coordinates marine phytoplankton life using the high spectral resolution lidar system for being operated in frequency multiplication wave band
Object amount and POC inversion algorithms, can carry out the marine phytoplankton biomass in ocean and POC without sampling a wide range of high
The high-acruracy survey of depth resolution.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is interference frequency discriminator operation principle schematic diagram in the present invention；
Fig. 3 is marine phytoplankton biomass of the present invention and the inversion algorithm of POC；
In figure, fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser 1, frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser 2, beam expander 3, photodetector 4,
Spectroscope 5, speculum 6, telescope 7, narrow band filter slice 8, speculum 9, single mode optical fiber 10, polarization splitting prism 11, spectroscope
12nd, frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13, interference frequency discriminator 14, frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 15, photodetector 16,
Photodetector 17, photodetector 18, photodetector 19, data acquisition and processing system 20.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the laser radar apparatus of detection marine phytoplankton biomass and particulate organic carbon, can be to swimming
Phytomass and POC carry out the high precision monitor in real time with depth resolution.Including polarizing high spectral resolution laser
Radar system, and the polarization high spectral resolution laser is operated in frequency multiplication, including emission system, reception system
System, Locking System, data acquisition and processing system 20.Emission system includes fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser 1, frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode
Pulse laser 2, beam expander 3, photodetector 4, spectroscope 5, speculum 6；Reception system includes telescope 7, narrow-band filtering
Piece 8, speculum 9, polarization splitting prism 11, spectroscope 12, frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13 and 15, interference frequency discriminator 14,
Photodetector 16,17,18；Locking System include fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser 1, single mode optical fiber 10, interference frequency discriminator 14,
Frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13,15 and photodetector 19.The continuous light warp that fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser 1 is sent
Resonance occurs in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser 2 after frequency multiplication, the pulsed light tool for launching frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser 2
There is unimodular property.Pulsed light is divided after beam expander 3 by spectroscope 5 monitors outgoing for two-way, weaker transmitted light by photodetector 4
Light intensity change, after speculum 6 inject ocean below telescope 7 compared with strong reflection, be known as emergent light.Telescope 7 is collected
By 8 wiping out background light of narrow band filter slice after the echo-signal of ocean, reception system is imported through reflective mirror 9.As shown in Fig. 2, echo
The generation of signal is after entering ocean because of emergent light, and sea water molecular produces the brillouin scattering signal of carrier deviation, sea
Particulate matter produces the approximate constant Mie scattering signal of frequency spectrum in water, and compared with emergent light, certain become occurs for their polarization state
Change.Echo-signal is divided to for two orthogonal beam polarised lights by polarization splitting prism 11, it is vertical with shoot laser polarization direction all the way
Signal is received by photodetector 16, is known as vertical hybrid channel；The all the way signal parallel with shoot laser polarization direction is by dividing
Light microscopic 12 divides for two-beam, is received compared with dim light by photodetector 17, is known as parallel mixing passages；Stronger light passes through frequency multiplication/base
After frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13, through interfering frequency discriminator 14 to filter out ocean particle Mie scattering signal, dissipated through ocean Brillouin's molecule
Signal is penetrated, and is received through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 15 by photodetector 18, is known as parallel molecular channel.Utilize
Continuous light directive frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13 that single mode optical fiber 10 launches fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser 1, through again
Frequently/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13 is reflected into interference frequency discriminator 14, is reflected and is visited by photoelectricity by frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 15
Survey device 19 to receive, and feeding back to interference frequency discriminator 14 makes it be locked in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser 2.Photodetector 16,
17 and 18 obtained optical signals data acquisition and processing systems 20 carry out opto-electronic conversion, collection and digitlization, and are carried out
The back analysis of marine phytoplankton biomass and POC.
The two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, interference frequency discriminator share for reception system and Locking System；When
For the optical maser wavelength of system there is no during the relation of fundamental frequency and frequency multiplication, system does not have fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency
Dichroic beamsplitter is changed to polarization splitting prism, the polarization direction 1/4 of the pulsed light of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser transmitting
Wave plate introduces Locking System after being rotated by 90 °.
The polarization splitting prism 11 and photodetector 16 is not essential, when system design is unpolarized bloom
During spectral resolution lidar, system does not have polarization splitting prism 11 and photodetector 16, and photodetector 17 and photoelectricity are visited
Survey 18 received signal of device and be referred to as hybrid channel and molecular channel, specifically：
Echo-signal is divided for two-beam by spectroscope 12, is received compared with dim light by photodetector 17, is known as hybrid channel；Compared with
After strong light passes through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13, through interfering frequency discriminator 14 to filter out ocean particle Mie scattering signal, through sea
Foreign Brillouin's molecular scattering signal, and received through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 15 by photodetector 18, it is known as molecule
Passage.
Above-mentioned fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser 1 is not more than the single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser of 150MHz, example using bandwidth
Such as the anti-vibration single mode narrow linewidth fiber ring laser system of NP Photonics companies of the U.S., wavelength 1064.48nm, power
125mW, bandwidth 5KHz；
Above-mentioned frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser 2 is not more than the single longitudinal mode pulse laser of 150MHz, example using bandwidth
Such as the Nd of Continuum companies of the U.S.:YAG pulse lasers, using injection seeded technology, wavelength 532.24nm, single pulse energy
Measure 300mJ, repetition rate 10Hz, bandwidth 150MHz, p-polarization output；
Above-mentioned beam expander 3 uses anti-light laser beam expander, such as the GCO-141602 models of Beijing company of Daheng to expand
Device, 6 times expand；
Above-mentioned photodetector 4 and the photodetector that photodetector 19 is high-speed response, it is not necessary to have special
High sensitivity, such as the FDS025 model PN photodiodes of Thorlabs companies；
The reflectivity of above-mentioned spectroscope 5 is much larger than transmissivity, can be customized to the company with higher plated film ability, such as
Thorlabs companies, transflection ratio are 0.5:99.5.
Above-mentioned speculum 6 and telescope 7 meet that boat-carrying swashs to determine the critical piece of boat-carrying laser radar overlap factor
Optical radar overlap factor blind area is not more than 3 meters of condition；The telescope 7 is short-focus telescope, its acceptance angle is not less than
10mrad, and there is a certain range of regulating power, such as the hummingbird 20-60X85A telescopes of Guangzhou Bo Guan companies production, connect
It is adjustable to receive angle 10-40mrad, a diameter of 85mm；When the speculum 6 is coaxial with telescope 7, the diameter of speculum 6 is small
In the 1/2 of telescope 7；When the speculum 6 and telescope 7 are off-axis, speculum 6 and the spacing of telescope 7 are as far as possible small,
And inclined mirror 6, the component of the optical axis included angle of shoot laser and telescope 7 in a parallel direction is received less than telescope 7
The 1/2 of angle, and 7 side of laser deviation telescope.
When laser radar is airborne, the deciding part of overlap factor includes speculum 6 and telescope 7；Described looks in the distance
Mirror 7 is focal length large aperture telescope, its acceptance angle is smaller, and has a certain range of regulating power, such as the special bright C11HD of star is hoped
Remote mirror, 0.1~1mrad of acceptance angle is adjustable, a diameter of 280mm；The speculum 6 is in off-axis or coaxial position with telescope
Put, the overlap factor for making laser radar is 1 in ocean.
Above-mentioned speculum 6 uses anti-light laser speculum, such as the GCCH-101062 of Beijing company of Daheng, diameter
25mm；
Above-mentioned narrow band filter slice 8 is the band logical optical filter of narrower bandwidth, is transmitted in frequency multiplication ± 3nm, be can be selected dry
Optical filter is related to, looks for the stronger company of optical coating ability, as Beijing company of Daheng customizes；
Above-mentioned speculum 9 is common dielectric mirror, as the GCC101042 models of Beijing company of Daheng reflect
Mirror；
Above-mentioned single mode optical fiber 10 is common single mode optical fiber, such as the SM980G80 model single-mode optics of THORLABS companies
It is fine；
Above-mentioned polarization splitting prism 11 is common polarization splitting prism, such as the 10BC16PC.3 types of NEWPORT companies
Number Amici prism；
Above-mentioned transflection than for spectroscope 12 be reflectivity be less than transmissivity generic media spectroscope, such as
The UVBS13-2 model spectroscopes of NEWPORT companies, transflection ratio are 95:5；
Above-mentioned frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 13 and frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter 15 using general frequency multiplication/
Fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, such as the 10QM20HB.12 model dichroic beamsplitters of NEWPORT companies；
Above-mentioned interference frequency discriminator 14 is the interferometer for having high spectral resolution；When laser radar is boat-carrying, interference
Frequency discriminator is insensitive to incident light angle, such as Confocal Fabry Perot interferometer or field widening Michelson's interferometer；When sharp
When optical radar is airborne, interference frequency discriminator selection Fabry-Perot interferometers or field widening Michelson's interferometer；Described
Interfere the center filter wavelength of frequency discriminator consistent with the outgoing pulse optical wavelength of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser, interfere frequency discriminator
It can filter out relative to the constant ocean particle Mie scattering signal of outgoing pulse optical spectrum, through the ocean that Brillouin shift occurs
Brillouin's molecular scattering signal.Above-mentioned photodetector 16, photodetector 17, photodetector 18 select same model
Photodetector, they must have high response speed and high sensitivity, such as the R6358 model photomultiplier transits of Bin Song companies of Japan
Pipe；
Above-mentioned data acquisition and processing system 20 uses the TR20-80 data collecting systems of Licel companies of Germany and matches somebody with somebody
Customary personal computer, desktop computer or laptop；
As shown in figure 3, marine phytoplankton biomass and POC inversion algorithms comprise the following steps：
The first step：According to the scattered signal of above-mentioned polarization high spectral resolution laser, inverting ocean is apparent
Optical parameter：Particle volume scattering equation β when angle of scattering is πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd.By oceanographic lidar telescope
The signal strength of collection can be written as
Wherein, P0For pulse energy, α is the extinction coefficient of air, TOAnd TSRespectively laser radar system and seawater surface
Transmissivity, G is overlap factor, and n is refraction index of sea water, and v is the light velocity in vacuum, τ0For pulse width, ArIt is effective for telescope
Area, distances of the H for telescope apart from sea, the distance that z is propagated in water for light, βmMolecular volume when for angle of scattering being π
Scattering equation.Formula (33) can be reduced to,
B (z)=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (34)
Wherein, B=[P (nH+z)2]/(CG), constantOptics is thick
Degree
When the laser radar apparatus of detection marine phytoplankton biomass and particulate organic carbon is the high spectral resolution of polarization
During rate laser radar, the vertical mixing that polarization high spectral resolution laser is entered by telescope received signal is logical
Road, parallel mixing passages and parallel molecular channel, formula (34) are rewritten as respectively
Wherein, subscript ⊥ and P represents vertical and parallel direction, T respectivelymAnd TpRespectively wave filter dissipates molecule and particle
Penetrate the transmitance of light.The particle volume scattering equation of parallel direction is derived by according to formula (35), (36) and (37)
Wherein,It is the depolarized coefficient of molecule back scattering,The particle volume scattering side of vertical direction
Cheng Wei
Wherein,For the depolarized coefficient of total back scattering.Particle volume scattering equation be expressed as formula (38) with
The sum of (39)
Effective attenuation factor is written as
Step 2, particle volume scattering equation β when according to angle of scattering being πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd, inverting seawater consolidates
There is optical parameter：Particle backscattering coefficient bbpWith particle ray attenuation coefficient cp。
Particle backscattering coefficient bbpParticle volume scattering equation β when with angle of scattering being πpRelation be expressed as
bbp=2 π χp(π)βp, (42)
Wherein, conversion factor χp(π) is estimated by ray attenuation coefficient
χp(π)=χ1c+χ2, (43)
Wherein, χ1And χ2For constant coefficient, particle ray attenuation coefficient cpThe beam attenuation of water removal is gone by ray attenuation coefficient c
Coefficient cwObtain
cp=c-cw, (44)
Wherein, c can utilize Multiple Scattering coefficient η to represent
C=Kd/η, (45)
Since Multiple Scattering can cause depolarization, Multiple Scattering coefficient is expressed as
Wherein, ω=(βm+βp)/KdFor total scattering extinction ratio.
Step 3, according to inherent optical properties bbpAnd cpInverting bio-pump component：Phytoplankton biomass and POC.
Phytoplankton biomass CphytoRespectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows：
Cphyto=k1(bbp-k2), (47)
Cplyto=γ1(cp+γ2)· (48)
Particulate organic carbon POC is respectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows
Wherein, k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithFor constant coefficient.
When the detection marine phytoplankton biomass described in step 1 and the laser radar apparatus of particulate organic carbon are unpolarized
High spectral resolution lidar when, comprise the following steps that：
Step 4, according to above-mentioned oceanographic lidar scattered signal, inverting ocean Apparent optical parameters：When angle of scattering is π
Particle volume scattering equation βpWith effective attenuation factor Kd；The signal strength collected by oceanographic lidar telescope can be write
For
Wherein, P0For pulse energy, α is the extinction coefficient of air, TOAnd TSRespectively laser radar system and seawater surface
Transmissivity, G is overlap factor, and n is refraction index of sea water, and v is the light velocity in vacuum, τ0For pulse width, ArIt is effective for telescope
Area, distances of the H for telescope apart from sea, the distance that z is propagated in water for light, βmMolecular volume when for angle of scattering being π
Scattering equation, KdFor the effective attenuation factor of seawater；Formula (51) can be reduced to,
B=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (52)
Wherein, B=[P (nH+z)2]/[CG], constantOptics is thick
Degree
Entered hybrid channel and the molecule of unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar system by telescope received signal
Passage, formula (52) are rewritten as respectively
Bc=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (53)
Bm=(Tmβm+TPβp)·exp(-2τ), (54)
The volume scattering equation of particle is expressed as
Effective attenuation factor is written as
Step 5, particle volume scattering equation β when according to angle of scattering being πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd, inverting seawater consolidates
There is optical parameter：Particle backscattering coefficient bbpWith particle ray attenuation coefficient cp；
Particle backscattering coefficient bbpParticle volume scattering equation β when with angle of scattering being πpRelation be expressed as
bbp=2 π χp(π)βp, (57)
Wherein, conversion factor χp(π) is estimated by ray attenuation coefficient
χp(π)=χ1c+χ2, (58)
Wherein, χ1And χ2For constant coefficient, particle ray attenuation coefficient cpThe beam attenuation of water removal is gone by ray attenuation coefficient c
Coefficient cwObtain
cp=c-cw, (59)
Wherein, the information of c is contained in effective attenuation factor
Kd=K '+(c-K ') exp (- 0.85cD), (60)
Wherein, K ' is unrestrained attenuation coefficient, and D is the visual field size that telescope is projected on seawater.Connect by varying telescope
Angle is received, c's is sized to by parameter KdThe curve matching of-D is obtained；In off-lying sea, ray attenuation coefficient can be approximately c ≈ Kd/
(1- ω), wherein, ω=(βm+βp)/KdFor total scattering extinction ratio；
Step 6, according to inherent optical properties bbpAnd cpInverting bio-pump component：Phytoplankton biomass and POC；
Phytoplankton biomass CphytoRespectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows：
Cphyto=k1(bbp-k2), (61)
Cplyto=γ1(cp+γ2)· (62)
Particulate organic carbon POC is respectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows
Wherein, k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithFor constant coefficient.
The marine phytoplankton biomass and POC inversion algorithms by the step 1, step 2, step 3 or
Step 4, step 5, step 6, utilize the particle volume scattering equation and effective attenuation factor Simultaneous Retrieving in laser radar equation
Phytoplankton biomass and POC.
The constant coefficient χ1And χ2Respectively 0.31453 and 0.36093, in some special marine sites, conversion factor can be with
Approximate representation is 0.6 (blue water), 0.4 (greater coasting area), 0.8-1.1 (harbour muddiness area).
The constant coefficient k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithRepresentative value be shown in table one, illustrate different waters
Experimental fit parameter, the interior optical maser wavelength used for experimental data of bracket.
Experimental data of the inversion algorithm based on different wave length, it is necessary to use c by taking the operation wavelength of 532nm as an examplep
(660)=0.75cp(532) and
bbp(550)=0.97bbp(532)=0.93bbp(510)=0.85bbp(470)=0.80bbp(440), by 532nm
High spectral resolution lidar echo-signal become and turn to signal suitable for formula (61)-(64) echo wavelength.
The constant coefficient is based respectively on the measurement data of the whole world or different waters, in order to enable these coefficients can be general
It is applied to different Measuring of sea area suitablely, it is proposed that number has been tested by the Atlantic Ocean, South Pole Ji Feng sea areas, Mediterranean, Eastern Pacific etc.
According to marine site, constant coefficient uses the fitting parameter in current marine site, and for the marine site of no experimental data, constant coefficient k1、k2、
WithUsing the fitting parameter in the whole world, constant coefficient γ1、γ2、γ3Using the fitting parameter in South Pole Ji Feng sea areas, the sea area is by floating
Swimming phytomass influences smaller, constant coefficient l1、l2Using the fitting parameter of Eastern Pacific, which is swum
Physiological Activities of Plants influences smaller.Suitable constant coefficient selection will greatly reduce the error of inverting generation.
Claims (4)
1. detect marine phytoplankton biomass and the laser radar apparatus of POC, it is characterised in that including polarizing high spectral resolution
Rate laser radar system, and the polarization high spectral resolution laser is operated in frequency multiplication, including emission system, connect
Receipts system, Locking System, data acquisition and processing system；Emission system includes fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication Dan Zong
Mode pulsed laser, beam expander, photodetector, spectroscope, speculum；Reception system includes telescope, narrow band filter slice, anti-
Penetrate mirror, polarization splitting prism, spectroscope, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, interference frequency discriminator and three photodetections
Device；Locking System includes fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, single mode optical fiber, interference frequency discriminator, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic point
Light microscopic and photodetector；The continuous light that fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser is sent is after frequency multiplication in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser
Resonance occurs in device, makes the pulsed light that frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser is launched that there is unimodular property；Pulsed light is after beam expander
Two-way is divided into by spectroscope, weaker transmitted light is changed by the light intensity of photodetector monitoring outgoing, compared with strong reflection in telescope
Ocean is injected in lower section after speculum；By narrow band filter slice wiping out background light after the echo-signal of telescope collection ocean, through anti-
Penetrate mirror and import reception system；Echo-signal is divided into two orthogonal beam polarised lights by polarization splitting prism, with shoot laser polarization side
Received to vertical signal all the way by a photodetector in reception system, be known as vertical hybrid channel；With shoot laser
The parallel signal all the way in polarization direction is divided into two-beam by spectroscope, and light beam is connect by another photodetector of reception system
Receive, be known as parallel mixing passages；After another light beam passes through one of frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, through interfering frequency discriminator
Ocean particle Mie scattering signal is filtered out, through ocean Brillouin's molecular scattering signal, then through another frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic
Spectroscope is received by another photodetector of reception system, is known as parallel molecular channel；Using single mode optical fiber by fundamental frequency list
Continuous light directive frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter (13) of longitudinal mode continuous wave laser transmitting, is divided through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic
Mirror (13) is reflected into interference frequency discriminator, is received by frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter (15) reflection by photodetector (19), and
Feeding back to interference frequency discriminator makes it be locked in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser；What three photodetectors of reception system obtained
Optical signals data acquisition and processing system carries out opto-electronic conversion, collection and digitlization, and is carried out marine phytoplankton life
The back analysis of object amount and POC；
The two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter and interference frequency discriminator shares for reception system and Locking System；When being
For the optical maser wavelength of system there is no during the relation of fundamental frequency and frequency multiplication, system does not have fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency two
Polarization splitting prism, 1/4 ripple of polarization direction of the pulsed light of frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser transmitting are changed to color spectroscope
Piece introduces Locking System after being rotated by 90 °；
The fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser is not more than the single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser of 150MHz using bandwidth；
The frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser is not more than the single longitudinal mode pulse laser of 150MHz using bandwidth；
The photodetector (19) in photodetector (4) and Locking System in the emission system is high-speed response
Photodetector；
The speculum (6) and telescope meet boat-carrying laser to determine the critical piece of boat-carrying laser radar overlap factor
Radar overlap factor blind area is not more than 3 meters of condition；The telescope is short-focus telescope, its acceptance angle is not less than
10mrad, and there is a certain range of regulating power；When the speculum (6) is coaxial with telescope, speculum (6)
Diameter is less than the 1/2 of telescope；When the speculum (6) and telescope are off-axis, the spacing of speculum (6) and telescope
It is as far as possible small, and inclined mirror (6), make the component of the optical axis included angle of shoot laser and telescope in a parallel direction is close to look in the distance
The 1/2 of mirror acceptance angle, and laser deviation telescope side；
When laser radar is airborne, the deciding part of overlap factor includes speculum and telescope；The telescope is length
Burnt large aperture telescope, its acceptance angle is smaller, and has a certain range of regulating power；The speculum is in telescope
Off-axis or position coaxial, the overlap factor for making laser radar are 1 in ocean；
The narrow band filter slice is the band logical optical filter of narrower bandwidth, is transmitted in frequency multiplication ± 3nm；
The interference frequency discriminator is the interferometer with high spectral resolution, when laser radar is boat-carrying, interferes frequency discriminator
It is insensitive to incident light angle, such as Confocal Fabry Perot interferometer or field widening Michelson's interferometer；Work as laser radar
For it is airborne when, interference frequency discriminator selection Fabry-Perot interferometers or field widening Michelson's interferometer；
Photodetector in the reception system has high response speed and high sensitivity.
2. the laser radar apparatus of detection marine phytoplankton biomass according to claim 1 and POC, it is characterised in that
When system is unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar, including emission system, reception system, Locking System, data are adopted
Collection and processing system；Emission system includes fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser, frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser, beam expander, light
Electric explorer, spectroscope, speculum；Reception system include telescope, narrow band filter slice, speculum, spectroscope, two frequencys multiplication/
Fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter, interference frequency discriminator and two photodetectors；Locking System include fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser,
Single mode optical fiber, interference frequency discriminator, two frequencys multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter and photodetector；Fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous laser
After frequency multiplication in frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser resonance occurs for the continuous light that device is sent, and makes frequency multiplication single longitudinal mode pulse laser
The pulsed light of transmitting has unimodular property；Pulsed light is divided into two-way after beam expander by spectroscope, and weaker transmitted light is visited by photoelectricity
The light intensity change of device monitoring outgoing is surveyed, ocean is injected after speculum below telescope compared with strong reflection；Telescope collects sea
By narrow band filter slice wiping out background light after the echo-signal in ocean, reception system is imported through speculum；Echo-signal is by spectroscope
(12) it is divided into two-beam, light beam is received by a photodetector (17) of reception system, is known as hybrid channel；Another light beam
After frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter (13), through interfering frequency discriminator to filter out ocean particle Mie scattering signal, through ocean cloth
In deep molecular scattering signal, and another photodetector through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter (15) by reception system
(18) receive, be known as molecular channel；The continuous light directive frequency multiplication for being launched fundamental frequency single longitudinal mode continuous wave laser using single mode optical fiber/
Fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter (13), reflects into interference frequency discriminator through frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency dichroic beamsplitter (13), by frequency multiplication/fundamental frequency
Dichroic beamsplitter (15) reflection is received by photodetector (19), and feeding back to interference frequency discriminator makes it be locked in frequency multiplication Dan Zong
Mode pulsed laser；The optical signals data acquisition and processing system that two photodetectors of reception system obtain carries out photoelectricity
Conversion, collection and digitlization, and carried out marine phytoplankton biomass and the back analysis of POC.
3. the inversion method of the laser radar apparatus of detection marine phytoplankton biomass according to claim 1 and POC,
It is characterized by comprising following steps：
Step 1, the scattered signal according to above-mentioned polarization high spectral resolution laser, inverting ocean apparent optics ginseng
Number：Particle volume scattering equation β when angle of scattering is πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd；By polarization high spectral resolution lidar
The signal strength that telescope is collected can be written as
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<mi>P</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
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<mi>T</mi>
<mi>O</mi>
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Wherein, P0For pulse energy, α is the extinction coefficient of air, TOAnd TSRespectively laser radar system and seawater surface is saturating
Penetrate rate, G is overlap factor, and n is refraction index of sea water, and v is the light velocity in vacuum, τ0For pulse width, ArFor telescope significant surface
Product, distances of the H for telescope apart from sea, the distance that z is propagated in water for light, βmMolecular volume when for angle of scattering being π dissipates
Penetrate equation；Formula (1) can be reduced to,
B=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (2)
Wherein, B=[P (nH+z)2]/(CG), constantOptical thickness
Into the vertical hybrid channel of polarization high spectral resolution laser, parallel mixing passages and parallel molecular channel
Signal be respectively
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</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>5</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, subscript ⊥ and P represents vertical and parallel direction, T respectivelymAnd TpRespectively wave filter scatters light to molecule and particle
Transmitance；The particle volume scattering equation of parallel direction is derived by according to formula (3), (4) and (5)
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>6</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein,It is the depolarized coefficient of molecule back scattering,The particle volume scattering equation of vertical direction is
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>&perp;</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>7</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein,For the depolarized coefficient of total back scattering；The volume scattering equation of particle is expressed as the sum of formula (6) and (7)
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mo>&perp;</mo>
</msubsup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
</msub>
<mi>K</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>8</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Effective attenuation factor is written as
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mo>&part;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>&part;</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>{</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>KT</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</msubsup>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>}</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>9</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Step 2, particle volume scattering equation β when according to angle of scattering being πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd, the intrinsic light of inverting seawater
Learn parameter：Particle backscattering coefficient bbpWith particle ray attenuation coefficient cp；
Particle backscattering coefficient bbpParticle volume scattering equation β when with angle of scattering being πpRelation be expressed as
bbp=2 π χp(π)βp, (10)
Wherein, conversion factor χp(π) is estimated by ray attenuation coefficient
χp(π)=χ1c+χ2, (11)
Wherein, χ1And χ2For constant coefficient, particle ray attenuation coefficient cpThe ray attenuation coefficient c of water removal is removed by ray attenuation coefficient cw
Obtain
cp=c-cw, (12)
Wherein, c can utilize Multiple Scattering coefficient η to represent
C=Kd/η. (13)
Since Multiple Scattering can cause depolarization, Multiple Scattering coefficient is expressed as
<mrow>
<mi>&eta;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>-</mo>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msup>
<mi>&omega;</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>&delta;</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>14</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, ω=(βm+βp)/KdFor total scattering extinction ratio,For the depolarized coefficient of back scattering；
Step 3, according to inherent optical properties bbpAnd cpInverting bio-pump component：Phytoplankton biomass and POC；
Phytoplankton biomass CphytoRespectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows：
Cphyto=k1(bbp-k2), (15)
Cplyto=γ1(cp+γ2). (16)
Particulate organic carbon POC is respectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>O</mi>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>l</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>l</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>17</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithFor constant coefficient.
4. the inversion method of the laser radar apparatus of detection marine phytoplankton biomass according to claim 2 and POC,
It is characterized by comprising following steps：
Step 4, according to above-mentioned unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar system scatter signal, inverting ocean apparent optics ginseng
Number：Particle volume scattering equation β when angle of scattering is πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd；Collected by oceanographic lidar telescope
Signal strength can be written as
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>P</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mi>H</mi>
</msubsup>
<msup>
<mi>&alpha;dz</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>O</mi>
</msub>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<msubsup>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>S</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>G</mi>
<mo>.</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>v&tau;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
<mi>n</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>A</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mfrac>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>+</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>&CenterDot;</mo>
<mi>exp</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
<msubsup>
<mo>&Integral;</mo>
<mn>0</mn>
<mi>z</mi>
</msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</msub>
<msup>
<mi>dz</mi>
<mo>&prime;</mo>
</msup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>19</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, P0For pulse energy, α is the extinction coefficient of air, TOAnd TSRespectively laser radar system and seawater surface is saturating
Penetrate rate, G is overlap factor, and n is refraction index of sea water, and v is the light velocity in vacuum, τ0For pulse width, ArFor telescope significant surface
Product, distances of the H for telescope apart from sea, the distance that z is propagated in water for light, βmMolecular volume when for angle of scattering being π dissipates
Penetrate equation, KdFor the effective attenuation factor of seawater；Formula (19) can be reduced to,
B=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (20)
Wherein, B=[P (nH+z)2]/(CG), constantOptical thickness
Signal into the hybrid channel of unpolarized high spectral resolution lidar system and molecular channel is expressed as
Bc=(βm+βp)·exp(-2τ), (21)
Bm=(Tmβm+TPβp)·exp(-2τ). (22)
The volume scattering equation of particle is expressed as
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>23</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Effective attenuation factor is written as
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>K</mi>
<mi>d</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mo>&part;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>&part;</mo>
<mi>z</mi>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>{</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mn>2</mn>
</mfrac>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mo>&lsqb;</mo>
<mfrac>
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>B</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</msub>
<mo>-</mo>
<msub>
<mi>T</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>m</mi>
</msub>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>&rsqb;</mo>
<mo>}</mo>
<mo>.</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>24</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Step 5, particle volume scattering equation β when according to angle of scattering being πpWith effective attenuation factor Kd, the intrinsic light of inverting seawater
Learn parameter：Particle backscattering coefficient bbpWith particle ray attenuation coefficient cp；
Particle backscattering coefficient bbpParticle volume scattering equation β when with angle of scattering being πpRelation be expressed as
bbp=2 π χp(π)βp, (25)
Wherein, conversion factor χp(π) is estimated by ray attenuation coefficient
χp(π)=χ1c+χ2, (26)
Wherein, χ1And χ2For constant coefficient, particle ray attenuation coefficient cpThe ray attenuation coefficient c of water removal is removed by ray attenuation coefficient cw
Obtain
cp=c-cw, (27)
Wherein, the information of c is contained in effective attenuation factor
Kd=K '+(c-K ') exp (- 0.85cD), (28)
Wherein, K ' is unrestrained attenuation coefficient, and D is the visual field size that telescope is projected on seawater；By varying telescope acceptance angle,
C's is sized to by parameter KdThe curve matching of-D is obtained；In off-lying sea, ray attenuation coefficient can be approximately c ≈ Kd/ (1- ω),
Wherein, ω=(βm+βp)/KdFor total scattering extinction ratio；
Step 6, according to inherent optical properties bbpAnd cpInverting bio-pump component：Phytoplankton biomass and POC；
Phytoplankton biomass CphytoRespectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows：
Cphyto=k1(bbp-k2), (29)
Cplyto=γ1(cp+γ2), (30)
Particulate organic carbon POC is respectively by bbpAnd cpRepresent as follows
<mrow>
<mi>P</mi>
<mi>O</mi>
<mi>C</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>l</mi>
<mn>1</mn>
</msub>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>b</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>b</mi>
<mi>p</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<msub>
<mi>l</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msub>
</msup>
<mo>,</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mo>-</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mn>31</mn>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, k1、k2、γ1、γ2、l1、l2、WithFor constant coefficient.
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| CN106772420A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-05-31 | 苏州四百克拉光电科技有限公司 | The continuous ray laser radar system of EO-1 hyperion of finely ground particles detection under water |
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| CN110865389B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-08-10 | 浙江大学 | Response optimization processing method for marine laser radar system |
| CN111965608B (en) * | 2020-07-16 | 2024-01-12 | 自然资源部第二海洋研究所 | Satellite-borne ocean laser radar detection capability assessment method based on chlorophyll concentration of water body |
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| CN115980773B (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-07-04 | 中国海洋大学 | Estimation and evolution analysis method for internal carbon circulation of ocean mesoscale vortex |
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