CN105443117A - Acoustic logging system - Google Patents
Acoustic logging system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105443117A CN105443117A CN201510825572.8A CN201510825572A CN105443117A CN 105443117 A CN105443117 A CN 105443117A CN 201510825572 A CN201510825572 A CN 201510825572A CN 105443117 A CN105443117 A CN 105443117A
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013501 data transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
- E21B47/14—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling using acoustic waves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an acoustic logging system using acoustic waves for transmitting signals. The system is mainly composed of a detection system, a piezoelectric transducer, an oil pipe, a relay converter and an acoustic wave receiver. Signals are detected by the detection system, converted by the piezoelectric transducer, transmitted by the oil pipe, and received by the acoustic wave receiver. The system can monitor the underground working state in real time, uses the acoustic wave as a signal transmitting carrier which is small in attenuation, and is suitable for deep well operation; moreover, the propagation speed, in a steel medium, of the acoustic wave is high, and the signal transmitting efficiency can be greatly improved; the oil pipe serves as a channel to transmit the signals, and therefore cost is saved. A Helmholtz amplifier is used for amplifying the signals of the receiving end, the device is simple in structure, magnification times are large, and the resonance frequency is only related to the size parameter of the device. An optical fiber displacement sensor is used for receiving the signals, the system does not make direct contact with a detected object, transmitting loss measurement of light in optical fibers is used, and the system is high in sensitivity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of logging system.Precisely, relate to one and utilize sound wave to carry signal, oil pipe is as channel, and Helmholtz amplifier is as signal amplifier, and optical fibre displacement sensor is as the acoustic logging system of signal receiver.
Background technology
The development of petroleum industry makes people more and more rely on this fossil energy of oil, also makes the exploration of petroleum resources and exploitation become particularly important.Along with the development of science and technology, oil exploitation also progressively enter become more meticulous, information-based and automation age.In oil reservoir recovery process, exploitation person does not directly contact with ore body in the ordinary course of things, the exploitation of oil gas, to the understanding of situation in oil-gas reservoir and exert one's influence to oil-gas reservoir and carry out various measure, all will be undertaken by special well logging.Logging system is exactly by the temperature under mine, the data such as pressure and the oil pipe degree of wear are recorded, ground-based computer is passed to by certain signal transmission means, make exploitation person can understand underground work situation, simultaneously exploitation person by logging system by ground command transfer to shaft bottom equipment, better to tackle and to solve contingent problem.
RTTS is divided into two classes: wire transmission and wireless transmission.Wherein, wire transmission comprises following several: cable transmission, utilizes cable to be connected with aboveground computer by underground equipment, this transfer rate is fast, and can realize transmitted in both directions, underground equipment is directly powered by cable, eliminate well dynamic source apparatus, simplify the structure.But this transmission means makes whole system complex structure, operationally, cable can wear and tear, and needs oil well to quit work and checks, reduce production efficiency, add workload; Extraordinary tubing transmission, produce the special oil pipe be attached to by continuous conductor in drilling rod, this mode transfer rate is fast, can realize two-way communication, and transmission line is not easy to wear.But required extraordinary oil pipe cost is high, make difficulty, whole system applicability is not high; Optical Fiber Transmission, utilizes optical fiber to be connected with aboveground computer by underground equipment, working condition and cable transmission similar.Wireless transmission comprises: mud-pulse transmits, and this is current most popular a kind of drilling well Wireless Data Transmission mode, and it converts well data to drilling liquid pressure pulse, along with circulation of drilling fluid is sent to ground.Briefly, be exactly by changing the drilling fluid flow regime in pipeline, make drilling liquid pressure change, these pressure pulses carry downhole data and are sent to ground with drilling fluid, and ground is changed by detected pressures, can know the working condition of down-hole.This mode applicability is wide, and cost is low, but transfer rate is excessively slow; Electromagnetic transmission, electromagnetic transmission downhole data has two kinds of modes, and a kind of is transmission medium with stratum, and another kind of is transmission conductor with drilling rod.Concrete grammar be first by Data import on electromagnetic wave, launched to surrounding by electromagnetic wave transmitter.Ground finder detects and receives electromagnetic wave, the survey data be coupled is separated in electromagnetic wave, and then analyzes underground work situation.This method overcomes the shortcoming of the situation that cannot be applicable to drilling fluid inflation in mud-pulse transmission, improves the transmission speed of data.But electromagnetic signal decays seriously in the earth formation, be easily subject to the low-resistance interference of drilling equipment and stratum, temporarily cannot realize Long-range Data Transmission; Sonic transmissions, sonic transmissions be with drill string tube wall be propagation medium, with sound wave for signal vehicle, utilize the propagation of sound wave in drill string to carry out a kind of technology of downhole data wireless transmission.Drill string is as the vitals running through whole drilling well, it is continuous steel design, this is just for Acoustic Wave Propagation provides advantageous condition, sound wave in solids spread speed is fast, improve the transfer rate of data, meanwhile, this natural propagation ducts of drilling rod reduces the cost of whole equipment, simplify the structure, easily realize the directional transmissions of sound wave.
So development acoustic logging is conducive to exploitation person and grasps underground working in detail, can enhance the stability of oil and gas gathering greatly, improve collecting efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of acoustic logging system.Its general principle is measured the working condition of oil pipe in real time, record Various types of data, modulating coder is passed to again by transmission circuit, data transformations is the data signal of applicable channel by modulating coder, control PZT (piezoelectric transducer) and data signal is converted into acoustic signals, acoustic signals is propagated earthward along oil pipe, several piezoelectricity repeaters may be needed to strengthen signal in way.After arriving ground, Helmholtz amplifier is utilized to amplify signal, signal makes the elastic sheet of Helmholtz amplifier tail end coerce vibration as driving source, optical fibre displacement sensor detection elastic sheet vibration regularity, be translated into data signal, obtain down-hole initial data finally by demodulation.
In order to realize above-mentioned requirements, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of acoustic logging system, primarily of detection system, first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), oil pipe, relaying converter, acoustic receiver form, detection system detectable signal, first PZT (piezoelectric transducer) switching signal, tubing transmission signal, acoustic receiver Received signal strength.
Described detection system comprises temperature pick up, velocity sensor, the sensors such as pressure sensor, transmission circuit and modulating coder.
Described acoustic receiver comprises Helmholtz amplifier, sensor fixed cover, optical fibre displacement sensor.Helmholtz amplifier is fixed on the oil pipe of oil well exit, and optical fibre displacement sensor is fixed on Helmholtz amplifier by sensor fixed cover.
The first described PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is by the encoder controlled motion in detection system.
Described relaying converter is combined by piezo-electricity displacement sensor and the second PZT (piezoelectric transducer).
Its operating principle is as follows: in oil recovery process, various kinds of sensors work in detection system, record oil well bottom Working state data, these data are deposited with in modulating coder by transmission circuit, are become to be applicable to the digital modulation signals of transmission by coder transitions.According to these signals, encoder controls the regular jarring oil pipe of the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), data signal is converted into acoustic signals and launches earthward along oil pipe.In transmitting procedure, decay to a certain degree can be there is in acoustic signals, need on oil pipe, arrange several relaying converters, signal, for detecting the acoustic signals transmitted by shaft bottom, then to be amplified by the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer) part and continues upwards to transmit by its piezo-electricity displacement sensor part.The propagation of sound wave in tubing wall is in fact the reciprocating motion of oil pipe medium in a certain position, a driving source is just equivalent on surrounding and watching, when sound wave passes to after more than ground, ambient air can be excited to vibrate, and neck air column, under the excitation of outside air, is equivalent to a spring oscillator in Helmholtz amplifier, chamber air is equivalent to a mass, just there is a resonance frequency in this spring-mass block system, chamber internal gas pressure is amplified relative to air pressure outside chamber.The chamber internal gas pressure amplified acts on the elastic sheet of Helmholtz amplifier tail end, make the regular vibration of thin slice, the fiber optics displacement amplifier that this vibration is fixed on outside detects, and is converted into data signal, eventually passes demodulation and can obtain original downhole data.
Of the present invention mainly have following advantage:
1. utilize sound wave to carry out Signal transmissions, sound wave is decayed little for electromagnetic wave, and for mud-pulse transmission, speed is high.And the drilling rod of steel is as natural sonic transmissions channel, whole system structure is simplified, cost reduces.
2. adopt Helmholtz amplifier as the amplification end of sound wave, this apparatus structure is simple, easy to process, and resonance frequency is only relevant with its basic size, is beneficial to according to actual conditions Demand Design parameter to obtain optimum multiplication factor.
3. adopt optical fibre displacement sensor as the receiving terminal of sound wave, this sensor is for piezo-electricity displacement sensor, directly do not contact with measurement object, but by the optical transmission loss that the principle of interference measurement displacement of light causes, therefore there is high sensitivity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall sectional views of apparatus of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is acoustic receiver device sectional view in apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of acoustic logging system forms primarily of oil pipe 2, detection system 3, PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 4, relaying converter (by piezo-electricity displacement sensor 7 and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 8 is integrated forms), acoustic receiver 11.In figure, other labels represent: the original reservoir 1, sleeve pipe 5, drilling fluid 6, exploit oil reservoir 9, stratum 10.A is acoustic signals transmission direction.
Oil pipe 2 is processed by stainless steel.Oil pipe tail end places detection system 3 and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 4, detection system 3 integrated all kinds of probe, transmission circuit and modulating coder.Probe is connected with modulating coder by transmission circuit, and modulating coder directly controls PZT (piezoelectric transducer) action, and PZT (piezoelectric transducer) vibration end contacts with steel pipe.
Relaying converter arranges relaying converter number according to acoustic wave signal decays situation, is fixed on oil pipe periphery.Relaying converter mainly plays the function of amplifying primary signal, avoids signal owing to decaying excessive causing by None-identified after ground receiver.
Acoustic receiver 11 is primarily of Helmholtz amplifier 12 as shown in Figure 2, sensor fixed cover 15, and optical fibre displacement sensor 16 forms.Wherein Helmholtz amplifier is made up of cavity 13 and elastic sheet 14.Sensor fixed cover 15 coordinates with Helmholtz amplifier 12, on the one hand fixing elastic sheet 14, on the other hand fixed fiber displacement transducer 16.Optical fibre displacement sensor output is connected with modulate circuit, reaches computer by after signal receiving.
The complete flow process of apparatus of the present invention work one can be used as a work period:
During normal oil recovery: as shown in Figure 1, oil pipe tail end is arranged in the original reservoir 1, various kinds of sensors in detection system 3 records all kinds of parameters during work, such as temperature, pressure, flow velocitys etc., these data are deposited in modulating coder through transmission circuit, are encoded into the data signal of applicable transmission by modulating coder.Data signal, according to regular jarring oil pipe 2 surface of the Digital Signals PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 4 of gained, is converted into acoustic signals by modulating coder.Acoustic signals transmits in oil pipe 2 tube wall along A direction, affect with the viscous of drilling fluid 6 owing to having exploited oil reservoir 9 in oil pipe, decay to a certain degree can be there is in signal, signal according to the acoustic signals after steel tube surface vibration receiving attenuation, and is passed to PZT (piezoelectric transducer) 8 and is amplified by the piezo-electricity displacement sensor 7 in relaying converter.After sound wave arrives ground, what the vibration of steel pipe 2 can cause ambient air coerces vibration, near acoustic receiver 11, the air of vibration can excite the gas in cavity 13 to resonate, time near Helmholtz amplifier own resonance frequency, cavity 13 internal gas pressure is amplified far away, thus excites the vibration of elastic sheet 14.Optical fibre displacement sensor 16 end of probe Emission Lasers is beaten on elastic sheet, when there is deformation in elastic sheet 14, reflected light path changes, a certain distance is there is between the light that optical fibre displacement sensor 16 receives and original light, by analyzing these gaps, the Vibration Condition of elastic sheet 14 can be learnt.The Vibration Condition of elastic sheet 14 is converted into data signal by optical fibre displacement sensor 16, is transferred to modulate circuit, after demodulation, send to computer, can demonstrate underground work situation on computers.
To sum up, present invention employs a kind of novel logging mode of sonic transmissions signal.Compared to traditional logging mode, acoustic logging utilizes oil pipe itself as signal channel, simplifies the structure of whole system, and sound wave is exceedingly fast in steel Propagation speed, greatly improves the efficiency of transmission of signal.
Adopt relaying converter structure.Signal transmissions is inevitably decayed, and utilizes relaying converter to amplify primary signal and can ensure that ground obtains the definition of signal, be conducive to later stage modulation treatment.
Adopt Helmholtz amplifier as the amplifying device of receiving terminal in the present invention, this apparatus structure is simple, has very high multiplication factor in resonance frequency range, is applicable to catching tiny signal.
In the present invention, Helmholtz amplifier tail end elastic sheet is made up of beryllium-bronze, and this material has very high elasticity, not easily aging.
Adopt the signal receiving terminal of optical fibre displacement sensor in the present invention, this displacement transducer utilizes optical transmission loss detectable signal, has high sensitivity.
Claims (1)
1. an acoustic logging system, primarily of detection system, the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), oil pipe, relaying converter, acoustic receiver form, it is characterized in that: detection system detectable signal, first PZT (piezoelectric transducer) switching signal, tubing transmission signal, acoustic receiver Received signal strength;
Described detection system comprises temperature pick up, velocity sensor, pressure sensor, transmission circuit and modulating coder;
Described acoustic receiver comprises Helmholtz amplifier, sensor fixed cover, optical fibre displacement sensor;
Helmholtz amplifier is fixed on the oil pipe of oil well exit, and optical fibre displacement sensor is fixed on Helmholtz amplifier by sensor fixed cover;
The first described PZT (piezoelectric transducer) is by the encoder controlled motion in detection system;
Described relaying converter is combined by piezo-electricity displacement sensor and the second PZT (piezoelectric transducer);
In oil extraction process of oil well, various kinds of sensors in detection system measures the working condition of oil pipe in real time, record Various types of data, these data are sent in modulating coder by transmission circuit, then are converted into the digital modulation signals of applicable transmission by modulating coder;
Modulating coder controls the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer) motion according to digital modulation signals, and the regular jarring oil pipe of the first PZT (piezoelectric transducer), is converted into acoustic emission by signal and goes out;
Acoustic signals utilizes oil pipe to propagate earthward as transmission channel, in transmitting procedure, according to signal attenuation size, every a segment distance, a relaying converter is set, detect the faint acoustic signals after decay by the piezo-electricity displacement sensor in relaying converter, continue to transmit earthward along oil pipe after signal being amplified by the second PZT (piezoelectric transducer);
After more than acoustic signals transmission ground, utilize Helmholtz amplifier amplifies signals, elastic sheet in Helmholtz amplifier produces deformation under the excitation of acoustic signals, optical fibre displacement sensor detects these deformation and is translated into data signal, and the digital demodulation signal of gained can be obtained underground work situation.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510825572.8A CN105443117B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | A kind of acoustic logging system |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510825572.8A CN105443117B (en) | 2015-11-24 | 2015-11-24 | A kind of acoustic logging system |
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| CN105443117A true CN105443117A (en) | 2016-03-30 |
| CN105443117B CN105443117B (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105484737A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 湘潭大学 | Automatic acoustic logging instrument and method |
| CN109642459A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-04-16 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | Communication network, for the relay node of communication network, and between multiple relay nodes send data method |
| CN109708675A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-05-03 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of fibre optical sensor based on helmholtz resonance device |
| CN112119201A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-12-22 | 贝克休斯控股有限责任公司 | Transducer including laser etched substrate |
| CN112311490A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for analyzing node network of cased well channel and readable storage medium |
| CN114142947A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-04 | 中国农业大学 | Self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105484737A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2016-04-13 | 湘潭大学 | Automatic acoustic logging instrument and method |
| CN109642459A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-04-16 | 埃克森美孚上游研究公司 | Communication network, for the relay node of communication network, and between multiple relay nodes send data method |
| CN112119201A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2020-12-22 | 贝克休斯控股有限责任公司 | Transducer including laser etched substrate |
| CN112119201B (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2024-02-27 | 贝克休斯控股有限责任公司 | Transducer comprising a laser etched substrate |
| CN109708675A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-05-03 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of fibre optical sensor based on helmholtz resonance device |
| CN109708675B (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2021-02-26 | 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | Optical fiber sensor based on Helmholtz resonator |
| CN112311490A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-02-02 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for analyzing node network of cased well channel and readable storage medium |
| CN112311490B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 华中科技大学 | Method and device for analyzing node network of cased well channel and readable storage medium |
| CN114142947A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2022-03-04 | 中国农业大学 | Self-powered underground information detection and transmission system and method based on acoustic communication |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105443117B (en) | 2018-09-28 |
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