CN105411624A - Ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging and speed measuring method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging and speed measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging and speed measuring method. The method comprises the steps that 1, a fluid tracer is added or generated in a flow fluid; 2, an ultrasonic array energy converter is utilized for conducting 3D scanning on the flow fluid, and ultrasonic original 3D radio frequency data are collected; 3, on the basis of the collected and stored ultrasonic original 3D radio frequency data, a 3D ultrasonic particle picture sequence is formed; 4, on the basis of the 3D ultrasonic particle picture sequence, three-dimensional speed distribution of the flow fluid is calculated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ultrasonic Particle Image Velocimetry field, the imaging of espespecially a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid and speed-measuring method.
Background technology
Blood circulation is most important to the life maintaining people, and cardiovascular fluid dynamics has become one the most active in biofluid mechanics and even biomechanics developmental research.Cardiovascular disease occur early stage, blood flow movement can cause the isoparametric change of blood flow velocity, shearing force, vorticity extremely, can be used as the important evidence of cardiovascular disease earlier detection and acute cardiovascular event early warning.Because blood does complicated three-dimensional motion in the blood vessel, the ultrasonic two-dimentional blood flow that clinical medicine is conventional tests the speed and often cannot reflect real blood flow information with imaging technique (as ultrasonic color Doppler), needs research and development three dimension fluid velocimetry method.
Be called in name (application number: CN201310119595.8) in the patent application of hierarchical synchronization three dimensional particles image speed measurement method and apparatus, its technical scheme proposed is, hierarchical synchronization three dimensional particles image speed measurement method, utilize a prism light-dividing device, incident Multi Colour Lasers is separated into the sheet laser of different colours, simultaneously according to test zone; The particle picture be illuminated presents different colours feature at different section; Near test zone, one group of ccd video camera is set, before every platform camera lens, installs the optical filter of a certain particular color additional, concrete consistent with sheet laser color, make this video camera only can photograph the section of corresponding color; All video cameras work simultaneously, the synchronous particle picture obtained on different section, and carry out two-dimensional particles graphical analysis to each section, carry out correlation analysis, obtain three-dimensional flow field information to the image between different section.But this invention is based on illumination optical, be mainly used in fluid mechanic model test, measure, it can only be applied to transparent fluid Mechanical Model Test, measurement, and the three dimensional fluid that can not be applied to nontransparent fluid (as blood flow) tests the speed.
Be called in the patent application of the 3d ultrasonic color flow imaging adopting grayscale invert (application number: CN200780037891.6) in name, this invention is the 3D rendering utilizing ultrasonic diagnosis imaging system to generate blood flow, it had both depicted the position of blood bank in piece image, depicted flow velocity again.Specifically, be the signal different in time utilizing doppler processor process to come self-organizing and blood flow, comprise the motion of the material such as hemocyte, tissue in image field to detect.Doppler processor totally operates the composition of sample different in time by each position in the volume from wanted imaging, to generate the estimation of Doppler power, speed, acceleration or variance to each position in described volume.Because ultrasonic Doppler technique can only obtain the fluid velocity on the ultrasonic beam direction of propagation, usually there is larger measurement error and can not obtain real three-dimensional velocity.
Summary of the invention
For the defect existed in prior art, the present invention proposes the imaging of a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid and speed-measuring method, because ultrasound wave has good penetrance to optical non-transparent fluid (as biological tissue and blood), go for nontransparent fluid.Simultaneously, the present invention proposes in flow field, dispense certain fluid trace particle (such as microvesicle), these trace particles can follow the tracks of the motion of fluid preferably, are caught the three-dimensional motion information of particle, to obtain real flow field three dimensional velocity distribution by supersonic imaging apparatus.
For achieving the above object, a kind of ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging that the present invention proposes and speed-measuring method comprise: step 1, add or generate fluid tracer in flow field; Step 2, utilizes supersonic array transducer to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gathers ultrasonic original 3D rf data; Step 3, based on gathering the ultrasonic original 3D rf data stored, forms the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D; Step 4, based on the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, computational flow three dimensional velocity distribution.
Further, in step 2, supersonic array transducer is utilized to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gather ultrasonic original 3D rf data, comprise: the two-dimensional array adopting ultrasound transducer element, the ultrasound wave of transmitting contains a three-dimensional spatial area, and obtains the ultrasonic echo in this region, the echo radiofrequency signal of the every bit in ultrasonic irradiation region is stored, forms ultrasonic original 3D rf data.
Further, in step 2, utilize supersonic array transducer to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gather ultrasonic original 3D rf data, comprising: adopt the one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element to scan, installation site detector on ultrasound transducer array, record movement locus, ultrasound transducer array is launched ultrasound wave in each position and is received echo, obtains the data of 2D plane, according to the data of the 2D plane of movement locus and each position, form ultrasonic original 3D rf data.
Further, the mode adopting the one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element to carry out scanning comprises: parallel sweep, sector scanning, free routing scanning.
Further, in step 3, based on gathering the ultrasonic original 3D rf data stored, building the ultrasonic particle picture of 3D, comprising: the radiofrequency signal in ultrasonic original 3D rf data described in analyzing and processing, extract fundamental frequency or harmonic components, produce luminance patterns ultrasonoscopy, according to amplitude and the phase place of every bit place radiofrequency signal, obtain the brightness value at this some place, build the ultrasonic luminance graph in three dimensions, form the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D.
Further, in described luminance patterns ultrasonoscopy, there is concrete brightness value at each position place, is stored in 3D data set, and with 3-D view or tomography two dimensional image display arbitrarily, wherein, the fluid tracer in flow field exists with bright spot form.
Further, in step 4, based on the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, computational flow three dimensional velocity distribution, comprising: in the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, turns to 3D cube grid by discrete for each three-D ultrasonic particle picture; Three-dimensional cross correlation process is carried out to adjacent two three-D ultrasonic particle pictures, calculates the motion vector and velocity vector that obtain each cube grid position place, obtain the three dimensional velocity distribution in flow field.
Further, described three-dimensional cross correlation process, comprising: the cube grid choosing the first image, calculates each cube grid cross-correlation index in this cube grid and the second image; Judge that the cube grid in the second image that maximum cross-correlation index is corresponding mates most, according to the position of the cube grid mated most in the second image, calculate motion vector and the velocity vector at the cube grid position place of acquisition first image; Repeat above-mentioned steps, calculate motion vector and the velocity vector at each cube grid position place in acquisition first image successively.
The ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging that the present invention proposes and speed-measuring method, utilize the ultrasonoscopy in array ultrasound transducer Real-time Collection flow field, have the advantage of quick high frame rate.Because ultrasound wave has good penetrance to optical non-transparent fluid (as biological tissue and blood), go for nontransparent fluid.The present invention proposes in flow field, dispense fluid trace particle, follow the tracks of fluid by trace particle to move, caught the three-dimensional motion information of particle by ultra sonic imaging, final acquisition real flow field three dimensional velocity distribution, compared with existing ultrasonic Doppler technique, test the speed more accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, forms a application's part, does not form limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the imaging of ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid and the speed-measuring method flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 A-Fig. 2 D is the different ultrasonic 3D scanning of four kinds of one embodiment of the invention and data acquiring mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is that the ultrasonic particle picture of 3D of one embodiment of the invention builds and discretization schematic flow sheet.
Fig. 4 is the 3D rendering cross-correlation procedure schematic diagram of the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D of one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below coordinating diagram and preferred embodiment of the present invention, setting forth the technological means that the present invention takes for reaching predetermined goal of the invention further.
Fig. 1 is the imaging of ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid and the speed-measuring method flow chart of one embodiment of the invention.Wherein, the method comprises:
Step S101, adds or generates fluid tracer in flow field.Concrete, can to treating to add fluid tracer in fluid measured, such as microbubble, or ultrasound wave is had to the fine particle, fine droplet etc. of larger reflection, or in fluid, dispense trace particle, trace particle can also be generated at internal fluid, such as, in water, produce bubble hydrogen.
Fluid trace particle is uniformly distributed in flow field, and follows fluid motion.Trace particle is when ultrasonic irradiation, and because particle itself and surrounding medium exist acoustic impedance, therefore can produce larger reflection and scattering to ultrasound wave, ultrasonic amplitude is comparatively large, shows in ultrasonoscopy with bright spot.And do not have the region of trace particle to be background black.Bright spot ultrasonoscopy in this black background, is generally referred to as ultrasonic particle picture.
Step S102, utilizes supersonic array transducer to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gathers ultrasonic original 3D rf data; Ultrasound transducer array is for launching ultrasound wave and receiving echo-signal.
Concrete, the two-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element can be adopted or adopt the one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element to scan.
Adopt the two-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element, the ultrasound wave of transmitting contains a three-dimensional spatial area, and obtains the ultrasonic echo in this region, the echo radiofrequency signal of the every bit in ultrasonic irradiation region is stored, and forms ultrasonic original 3D rf data.
Adopt the one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element to scan, the mode of scanning comprises: parallel sweep, sector scanning, free routing scanning.Installation site detector on ultrasound transducer array, record movement locus, ultrasound transducer array is launched ultrasound wave in each position and is received echo, obtains the data of 2D plane, according to the data of the 2D plane of movement locus and each position, form ultrasonic original 3D rf data.
Step S103, based on the ultrasonic original 3D rf data gathered, forms the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D.
Concrete, first, radiofrequency signal in ultrasonic original 3D rf data described in analyzing and processing, extract fundamental frequency or any harmonic components, produce luminance patterns (B-mode) ultrasonoscopy, according to amplitude and the phase place of every bit place radiofrequency signal, obtain the brightness value at this some place, build the ultrasonic luminance graph in three dimensions, based on continual repeatedly 3D data, form the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D.
Wherein, harmonic components comprises subharmonic, overclocking harmonic wave or second harmonic, but is not limited only to this.
In luminance patterns ultrasonoscopy, there is concrete brightness value at each position place, is stored in 3D data set, and with 3-D view or tomography two dimensional image display arbitrarily, wherein, the fluid tracer in flow field exists with bright spot form.
Step S104, based on the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, computational flow three dimensional velocity distribution.
Concrete, first, in the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, turn to 3D cube grid by discrete for each three-D ultrasonic particle picture;
Three-dimensional cross correlation process is carried out to adjacent two three-D ultrasonic particle pictures, calculates the motion vector and velocity vector that obtain each cube grid position place, obtain the three dimensional velocity distribution in flow field.
The concrete grammar of above-mentioned three-dimensional cross correlation process is:
Choose a cube grid of the first image, calculate each cube grid cross-correlation index (CrossCorrelationIndex, CCI) in this cube grid and the second image.Cube grid in the second corresponding for maximum cross-correlation index image is judged to mate most, according to the position of the cube grid mated most in the second image, calculates motion vector and the velocity vector at the cube grid position place of acquisition first image.Repeat above-mentioned steps, calculate motion vector and the velocity vector at each cube grid position place in acquisition first image successively, the final three dimensional velocity distribution obtained in flow field.
The ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging of proposition of the present invention and speed-measuring method are a kind of minute yardstick nontransparent fluid Multi-dimensional Flow Field imaging based on micro-ultrasonic Particle Image Velocimetry and measuring method.The present invention includes following key point:
1, can identify and follow the tracks of the tracer in flow field, launch ultrasound wave by supersonic array transducer in interested fluid visual field, scan the ultrasonic particle picture of acquisition 3D luminance patterns, particle picture analysis is carried out to the ultrasonic particle picture of continuous print multiframe (at least two frames) 3D, obtains three dimensional velocity vectors distribution.
2, by the tracking to trace particle, the accurate measurement of stream field three dimensional velocity distribution is obtained.Also judge suitable trace particle concentration, to ensure rate accuracy based on the characteristics of image analyzing ultrasonoscopy.
3, utilize supersonic array transducer launch ultrasound wave to flow field and receive echo, gather 3D ultrasonic radio frequency data, build the ultrasonic particle picture of 3D.
4,3D ultrasonic particle picture is built, can based on the fundamental component of ultrasonic radio frequency data, also can based on harmonic component.
5, turn to 3D cube grid by discrete for each three-D ultrasonic particle picture, utilize 3D rendering cross correlation algorithm, the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D is processed, obtain flow field three dimensional velocity distribution.
The fluid speed measurement of ultrasonic three-dimensional disclosed in the present invention and formation method can be applied to the tachometric survey of quick fluid flow blood in human vas network, thus obtain the hemodynamics information enriched, comprise blood flow three dimensional velocity distribution and shearing force distribution.These accurate three-dimensional flow information can be the prediction of cardiovascular disease, the important criterion of Diagnosis and Treat.Meanwhile, the three dimensional fluid that technology disclosed by the invention also may be used for other nontransparent fluids (as industrial closed conduit, nontransparent miniflow field) tests the speed.
In order to more clearly explain the imaging of above-mentioned ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid and speed-measuring method, be described below in conjunction with a specific embodiment, but it should be noted that this embodiment is only to better the present invention is described, do not form and the present invention is limited improperly.
Integrating step S101, dispenses fluid tracer.Ultrasonic three-dimensional blood flow for blood of human body flowing tests the speed and imaging, injects encapsulated microbubble by human vein.
Acoustic contrast agent is a kind of microbubble with stable shell structurre.When being subject to ultrasonic action, can there is regular contraction and expansion along with the change of sound wave periodic pressure in microvesicle.The introducing of acoustic contrast agent makes the resolving power of ultra sonic imaging be greatly improved.Consider the degree of accuracy of microbubble concentration meeting extreme influence image Cross Correlation Matching, before collection 3D ultrasound data, can utilize the microbubble concentration real time evaluating method based on image texture coupling, whether assessment microbubble concentration is in suitable scope.When judging that microbubble concentration is suitable, start to gather 3D ultrasound data.Concrete visible paper UltrasoundMed. & Biol., 37 (8): 1280-1291,2011.The present invention also can be applied to the three dimensional fluid tachometric survey of industrial large scale fluid, minute yardstick fluid.For these two kinds application, also can additional encapsulated microbubble, bubble can be produced as fluid tracer by device at internal fluid.
Integrating step S102, the ultrasonic 3D scanning of stream field area-of-interest and data acquisition.Shown in composition graphs 2A-Fig. 2 D, be four kinds of different ultrasonic 3D scannings and data acquiring mode schematic diagram.Wherein,
Array shown in Fig. 2 A is the two-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element, and its ultrasound wave launched can contain a three-dimensional spatial area, and obtains the ultrasonic echo in this region.The echo radiofrequency signal of the every bit in ultrasonic irradiation region is all stored, and forms 3D data.
Fig. 2 B-Fig. 2 D is depicted as and utilizes the one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element to carry out data acquisition by different scan modes.Scan mode has parallel sweep (shown in Fig. 2 B), sector scanning (shown in Fig. 2 C), free routing scanning (shown in Fig. 2 D).Ultrasound transducer array is mounted with position detector, and for recording the movement locus of probe, this motion track information is used for follow-up 3D rendering and builds.Launch ultrasound wave by supersonic array in each position and receive echo, obtaining the data of 2D plane, then form 3D data by multiple 2D plane.
The ultrasonic particle picture of integrating step S103,3D builds and discretization.
As shown in Figure 3, for the ultrasonic particle picture of 3D builds and discretization schematic flow sheet.Supersonic array transducer is launched ultrasound wave and is received echo, and stores the data of each point in 3d space with the form of raw ultrasound radiofrequency signal, i.e. 3D ultrasonic radio frequency data.Uninterruptedly carry out data acquisition, and formation 3D ultrasonic radio frequency data sequence (1,2 ..., n).
Then, analyzing and processing 3D ultrasonic radio frequency data.The fundamental component of rf data or any harmonic component can be extracted, produce luminance patterns (B-mode) ultrasonoscopy.When using microvesicle as flow field trace particle, the harmonic component due to microvesicle can be significantly higher than tissue (as blood vessel wall, muscle), and harmonic component therefore can be utilized to form the ultrasonic particle picture of high-contrast.According to amplitude and the phase place of every bit place radiofrequency signal, know the brightness value that this some place is concrete, and build the ultrasonic luminance graph in three dimensions, form the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D.For each ultrasonic particle picture in sequence, discrete is cube grid.Cube grid is the elementary cell in follow-up 3D rendering cross correlation process.
Integrating step S104, based on 3D ultrasonic particle picture sequence computational flow three dimensional velocity distribution.
In the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, turn to 3D cube grid by discrete for each three-D ultrasonic particle picture.Cube grid is elementary cell, comprises the ultrasonic luminance picture distribution of each position.3-D view cross correlation algorithm is adopted to process two 3D renderings adjacent in image sequence, such as, in Fig. 3 t
1the 3D rendering 1 in moment, t
2the 3D rendering 2 in moment.
Shown in composition graphs 4, it is the 3D rendering cross-correlation procedure schematic diagram of the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D.Choose the cube grid 1 of 3D rendering 1, the three-dimensional coordinate of this cubic lattice is set to original position.Cube grid 1 and each the cube grid in whole 3D rendering 2 3D region are calculated cross-correlation index (CCI).As shown in Figure 4, when cube grid 1 and the CCI numerical value of cubic lattice 2 are maximum, think that the Image Feature Matching degree of these two unit is the highest.In the present embodiment, the three-dimensional coordinate of cubic lattice 2 is final position.Position according to the two obtains displacement vector, divided by time difference (t
1-t
2), velocity and the velocity component scalar in X, Y, Z tri-directions can be obtained.Successively three-dimensional Cross Correlation Matching is carried out to the cube grid of 3D rendering 1,3D rendering 2, just can obtain the fluid velocity of each cubic lattice position.Repeat above-mentioned steps, finally can obtain the three dimensional velocity distribution in flow field.
The ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid imaging that the present invention proposes and speed-measuring method, utilize the ultrasonoscopy in array ultrasound transducer Real-time Collection flow field, have the advantage of quick high frame rate.Because ultrasound wave has good penetrance to optical non-transparent fluid (as biological tissue and blood), go for nontransparent fluid.The present invention proposes in flow field, dispense fluid trace particle, follow the tracks of fluid by trace particle to move, caught the three-dimensional motion information of particle by ultra sonic imaging, final acquisition real flow field three dimensional velocity distribution, compared with existing ultrasonic Doppler technique, test the speed more accurate.
Above-described specific embodiment; object of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; be understood that; the foregoing is only specific embodiments of the invention; the protection domain be not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the imaging of ultrasonic three-dimensional fluid and a speed-measuring method, is characterized in that, the method comprises:
Step 1, adds or generates fluid tracer in flow field;
Step 2, utilizes supersonic array transducer to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gathers ultrasonic original 3D rf data;
Step 3, based on gathering the ultrasonic original 3D rf data stored, forms the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D;
Step 4, based on the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, computational flow three dimensional velocity distribution.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, utilizes supersonic array transducer to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gathers ultrasonic original 3D rf data, comprising:
Adopt the two-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element, the ultrasound wave of transmitting contains a three-dimensional spatial area, and obtains the ultrasonic echo in this region, the echo radiofrequency signal of the every bit in ultrasonic irradiation region is stored, and forms ultrasonic original 3D rf data.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, utilizes supersonic array transducer to carry out 3D scanning to described flow field, gathers ultrasonic original 3D rf data, comprising:
The one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element is adopted to scan, installation site detector on ultrasound transducer array, record movement locus, ultrasound transducer array is launched ultrasound wave in each position and is received echo, obtain the data of 2D plane, according to the data of the 2D plane of movement locus and each position, form ultrasonic original 3D rf data.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the mode adopting the one-dimensional array of ultrasound transducer element to carry out scanning comprises: parallel sweep, sector scanning, free routing scanning.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, based on gathering the ultrasonic original 3D rf data stored, building the ultrasonic particle picture of 3D, comprising:
Radiofrequency signal in ultrasonic original 3D rf data described in analyzing and processing, extract fundamental frequency or harmonic components, produce luminance patterns ultrasonoscopy, according to amplitude and the phase place of every bit place radiofrequency signal, obtain the brightness value at this some place, build the ultrasonic luminance graph in three dimensions, form the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D.
6. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described luminance patterns ultrasonoscopy, there is concrete brightness value at each position place, is stored in 3D data set, with 3-D view or tomography two dimensional image display arbitrarily, wherein, the fluid tracer in flow field exists with bright spot form.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 4, based on the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, computational flow three dimensional velocity distribution, comprising:
In the ultrasonic particle picture sequence of 3D, turn to 3D cube grid by discrete for each three-D ultrasonic particle picture;
Three-dimensional cross correlation process is carried out to adjacent two three-D ultrasonic particle pictures, calculates the motion vector and velocity vector that obtain each cube grid position place, obtain the three dimensional velocity distribution in flow field.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described three-dimensional cross correlation process, comprising:
Choose a cube grid of the first image, calculate each cube grid cross-correlation index in this cube grid and the second image;
Judge that the cube grid in the second image that maximum cross-correlation index is corresponding mates most, according to the position of the cube grid mated most in the second image, calculate motion vector and the velocity vector at the cube grid position place of acquisition first image;
Repeat above-mentioned steps, calculate motion vector and the velocity vector at each cube grid position place in acquisition first image successively.
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| CN109157247A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2019-01-08 | 云南大学 | A kind of ultrasound blood velocity field measurement of optimal frame period tracking estimation |
| CN109157247B (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2021-03-26 | 云南大学 | Ultrasonic blood flow velocity field measurement for optimal frame interval tracking estimation |
| CN110264534A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-20 | 西北大学 | A kind of target imaging method and system based on RFID |
| CN110264534B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-03-24 | 西北大学 | Target imaging method and system based on RFID |
| CN110286072A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-27 | 华北水利水电大学 | A kind of mobile state method for measurement of the Sand Flow Transportation based on pattern-recognition |
| WO2022120761A1 (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院 | Method and system for analyzing fluid flow in vivo, terminal, and storage medium |
| CN115128299A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-09-30 | 之江实验室 | Photoacoustic particle image speed measurement system and method for measuring non-transparent flow field |
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