CN105300856B - Based on ultrasonic impedances spectrum to granule density and the measuring method of size - Google Patents
Based on ultrasonic impedances spectrum to granule density and the measuring method of size Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that principle measurement grain diameter and concentration are composed based on ultrasonic impedances, including step：1st, the impedance real part spectrum of theory is obtained with ECAH models and theoretical calculation；2nd, the theoretical curve of " particle diameter-resonant frequency " and the theoretical curve of " concentration-resonant amplitude " are obtained；3rd, the acoustic impedance as obtained by testing ultrasonic transducer and calculating is composed, and takes real part then to obtain experiment impedance real part spectrum to it；The signal obtained will be tested, through the formula manipulation described in 3 steps, just can obtain the resonant frequency of measurement object impedance real part spectrum, extract resonant frequency, then " particle diameter-resonant frequency ", " concentration-resonant amplitude " two curves determined from 2 steps can look into the concentration and grain diameter for being worth to measurement object.The system architecture of the present invention is simple, cheap, and method can realize on-line measurement, available for laboratory science research, it is relative with using ultrasonic attenuation, phase velocity for, the more practical measurement with particle in excessive concentrations two-phase mixture of this method.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of based on ultrasonic impedances spectrum principle measurement two-phase mixtures the present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic measurement method
The method of grain diameter and its concentration in thing.
Background technology
Because particle covers the multiple fields such as the energy, chemical industry, food, medicine, and the property of particle is produced to these fields
Product and process control have an impact, right in such as using effect, effective period of food quality, the utilization rate of the energy and the manufacturing process of medicine
The infringement of equipment.Visible particle plays vital effect industrial aspect, and the detection to particle is also widely closed
Note and research.In some nearest researchs, dynamic light scattering method, PIV, image method are all useful in terms of particle is measured
On.But they all have various shortcomings, one of common drawback is exactly the detection for being not readily used for particle under high concentration.And
Ultrasound is when measuring the sample of high concentration, it is not necessary to dilute.The reset condition for maintaining sample of maximum possible, it is to avoid because dilute
The original appearance of sample is released and changed, is separated or contaminated samples as dilution causes to reunite, so that the result of measurement is more nearly
Actual conditions.
Ultrasonic method had had many applications in particle size and measurement of concetration, mainly make use of the phase velocity spectrum of ultrasound
And decay spectra.The ultrasonic wave passed through after measured zone is received using transducer, the signal spectral analysis by acquisition obtains phase velocity
Degree spectrum and decay spectra, the relevant nature of particle can be obtained according to corresponding theory from obtained phase velocity spectrum and decay spectra.
But when surveyed material is too strong to ULTRASONIC ABSORPTION or be not easy the other end install receive transducer when, transmitted acoustic pulse or return
Wave method is no longer appropriate to the measurement of grain diameter and concentration.If utilizing the reflected sound between buffer stopper and measurement sample
Ripple, its signal is not influenceed by concentration of medium and attenuation characteristic, can avoid above mentioned problem.The object of the invention is exactly super by setting up
The relation of sound reflecting signal and impedance spectrum and particle two-phase medium, and impedance spectrum is obtained with experiment, pass through formant in impedance spectrum
Frequency and amplitude determine corresponding grain diameter and concentration.
The content of the invention
There are problems that high concentration transmissivity the present invention be directed to existing particle sizing technology, propose a kind of utilize
Ultrasonic impedances are composed, and realize the method that non-intrusion type surveys high concentration or the stronger condition middle particle concentration of decay and particle diameter online.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of method that principle measurement grain diameter and concentration are composed based on ultrasonic impedances, bag
Include following several steps：
1) the impedance real part spectrum of theory, is obtained with ECAH models and theoretical calculation
The characteristic of particle is characterized using reflectance spectrum, acoustic impedance and particle two are set up according to ultrasonic particle sizing ECAH models
Relation between phase medium；For particle two-phase system, by with quality, momentum and law of conservation of energy, ess-strain and
Acoustics obtains compressional wave, shearing wave, heat wave in flexible, isotropism, the spherical solid of heat conduction with thermodynamic equations
Wave equation in grain and continuous phase medium, its complex wave number κ mathematic(al) representation is：
κ=ω/c (ω)+i α (ω)
Whereinω is angular frequency.From above formula, complex wave number κ real part is relevant with phase velocity c (ω), and it is empty
Portion is related to attenuation coefficient α (ω)；It is as follows that ECAH models describe final expression formula to the acoustics of particle two-phase medium：
Wherein κcFor known incident compressional wave wave number, φ is the volumetric concentration of particle in medium, and R is particle radius, AnIt is scattered
Coefficient is penetrated, is calculated by ECAH models；
The definition of impedance is：
Wherein ρ is particle two-phase medium averag density, and λ propagates wavelength for ultrasound in two-phase medium, is joined by above-mentioned three formula
The final expression formula of impedance Z can be obtained and be by closing：
Corresponding calculation procedure is write according to this formula, number of times of being summed in calculating takes 20 times, Re represents to ask for real part fortune
Calculate, obtain the impedance real part spectrum of theory；
2) theoretical curve of " particle diameter-resonant frequency " and the theoretical curve of " concentration-resonant amplitude ", are obtained：
Obtained according to 1) step in impedance real part spectrum, extract different-grain diameter and its corresponding resonant frequency, obtain one
The theoretical curve of " particle diameter-resonant frequency ", and the different concentration of extraction and its corresponding amplitude, acquisition one " concentration-
The theoretical curve of resonant amplitude "；
3), the acoustic impedance as obtained by testing ultrasonic transducer and calculating is composed, and takes real part then to obtain experiment resistance to it
Anti- real part spectrum：
Make the front end face of ultrasonic transducer parallel with the interface of buffer stopper and medium first, the ultrasound under exciting circuit effect
Ripple transmitting receive transducer T/R sends a branch of impulse ultrasound intensity of wave for I0, by buffer stopper A, in buffer stopper A and sample area B
Interface reflect, transmitted wave again pass by after buffer stopper A by ultrasound emission transducer T/R receive obtains reflectance ultrasound letter
Number intensity is I1, and collected card collection preservation is in a computer；When being placed in sample cell medium is demarcated known to acoustic properties
When, then reflection Rc, it is known that measuring one group of reflected signal I1c, to the back wave of acquisition, obtained by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)
Signal intensity is composed under multiple frequencies, the corresponding back wave I of each frequency1(f)、I1cAnd I (f)0(f) relation is：
Wherein RsIt is the reflectance factor between buffer stopper and sample media, αcIt is the attenuation coefficient of buffer stopper, l1For buffer stopper
Thickness；
Two formulas can obtain more than
Calculated more than after obtaining reflectance factor, correspondence different frequency uses formula Z respectivelys=Zc(1+Rs)/(1-Rs) calculate,
Wherein ZsAnd ZcRespectively the acoustic impedance of medium and the acoustic impedance of buffer stopper, just can obtain impedance spectrum Z (f), and unit is Pa*s/m, f
For supersonic frequency, you can the acoustic impedance spectrum obtained by being tested, real part is taken then to obtain experiment impedance real part spectrum to it；
4), the signal obtained will be tested, through formula manipulation 3) described in step, just can obtain measurement object impedance real part
The resonant frequency of spectrum, extracts resonant frequency fR, then " particle diameter-resonant frequency ", " concentration-resonance determined from 2) step
Two curves of amplitude " can look into the concentration and grain diameter for being worth to measurement object.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention directly obtains impedance spectrum information analysis using the reflection sound wave of buffer stopper
Granule density and particle diameter, are composed according to the acoustic impedance that back wave analyzes measured zone particle two-phase medium, and due to specific frequency
The particle effect of ultrasonic wave and certain particle size can produce covibration, embodied in back wave impedance spectrum to be specific
Formant.On the one hand, the relation curve and granule density of grain diameter and resonant frequency can be obtained together according to theoretical prediction
The relation curve of amplitude；On the other hand, the impedance spectrum curve of candidate particles two-phase medium is obtained by testing, and by formant
Respective frequencies and amplitude are contrasted with theoretical curve, obtain the size and concentration of particle.Because this method need not measure transmission signal,
Transmitted wave can not receive or weak output signal in the case of can still use, be conducive to the On-line sampling system in Practical Project
Using.
The method that grain diameter and concentration are measured based on ultrasonic impedances principle of the present invention, it is simple in measurement system structure, honest and clean
Valency, method can realize on-line measurement, available for laboratory science research, the application of industry spot is particularly suitable for use in, compared to it
The particle sizing method of its principle such as electric induction method, image method, light scattering method etc., ultrasonic method to the requirement of the condition of measured zone compared with
It is low, open form without extra, it is possible to achieve the Non-Destructive Testing of online non-intrusion type is moreover, using from buffer stopper and measurement sample
Between reflection sound wave, its signal do not influenceed by concentration of medium and attenuation characteristic, so relative with utilizing ultrasonic attenuation, phase velocity
For degree, the more practical measurement with particle in excessive concentrations two-phase mixture of this method.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is measuring principle figure of the invention；
Fig. 2 be when concentration is 10%, theoretical modeling acoustic impedance real part with grain diameter size situation of change；
Fig. 3 be when particle diameter is 22.2m, theoretical modeling acoustic impedance real part with mixture middle particle concentration size change feelings
Condition；
Fig. 4 is resonant frequency and particle size theory curve；
Fig. 5 is concentration and resonant amplitude theory curve；
Fig. 6 is actually measured impedance real part curve map.
Embodiment
Is described in further detail to embodiments of the invention below in conjunction with brief description of the drawings
One kind composes grain diameter and concentration measuring method based on ultrasonic impedances, specifically includes following steps：
1) characteristic of particle, is characterized using reflectance spectrum, it is necessary to according to ultrasonic particle sizing classical model --- ECAH moulds
The relation that type (Epstein-Carhart-Allegra-Hawley) is set up between acoustic impedance and particle two-phase medium.The model compared with
Comprehensively to consider stickiness loss, heat loss, scattering loss and absorbed inside.For particle two-phase system, by using
Quality, momentum and law of conservation of energy, ess-strain and acoustics and thermodynamic equations obtain compressional wave, shearing wave, heat wave
Wave equation in flexible, isotropism, the spherical solid particles of heat conduction and continuous phase medium.Its complex wave number κ number
Learning expression formula is：
κ=ω/c (ω)+i α (ω)
Whereinω is angular frequency.From above formula, complex wave number κ real part is relevant with phase velocity c (ω), and it is empty
Portion is related to attenuation coefficient α (ω).It is as follows that ECAH models describe final expression formula to the acoustics of particle two-phase medium：
Wherein κcFor compressional wave wave number, φ is the volumetric concentration of particle in medium, and R is particle radius, AnFor scattering coefficient,
Calculated by ECAH models.
The definition of impedance is：
Wherein ρ is Media density, and propagation wavelength of the λ for ultrasound in media as well can obtain impedance Z most by above-mentioned three formula joint
Whole expression formula is：
Corresponding calculation procedure is write according to this formula, number of times of being summed in calculating takes 20 times, Re represents to ask for real part fortune
Calculate, can obtain the impedance real part spectrum of theory.
2), according to 1) obtain impedance real part compose in, it can be deduced that impedance real part with granules of polystyrene particle diameter change
Such as Fig. 2, and with change such as Fig. 3 of concentration.Frequency corresponding to impedance real part peak-to-peak value is particle resonant frequency, and it is with poly-
Decline trend is presented in the increase of styrene particle diameter.And increasing trend is presented with the increase of concentration in resonant amplitude.In this way, extracting different
Particle diameter and its corresponding resonant frequency can obtain the theoretical curve such as Fig. 4 of one " particle diameter-resonant frequency ", extract different
Concentration and its corresponding amplitude equally can obtain the curve such as Fig. 5 of one " concentration-resonant amplitude ".
3), as shown in figure 1, the front end face of ultrasonic transducer 1 is parallel with buffer stopper A and Polystyrene suspension interface,
Ultrasonic wave transmitting receive transducer T/R sends a branch of impulse ultrasound intensity of wave for I under exciting circuit effect0, by buffer stopper
A, is reflected in buffer stopper A and sample area B interface, and transmitted wave is again passed by after buffer stopper A by ultrasound emission transducer
T/R, which is received, obtains reflected ultrasonic intensity for I1, and collected card collection preservation is in a computer.When not contained in sample cell
When letting alone what sample, one group of reflected signal I can be measured1(air).To the back wave of acquisition, pass through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) (FFT)
Obtain under multiple frequencies signal intensity to compose, the corresponding back wave I of each frequency1And I (f)0(f) relation is
, can be by R because the impedance very little of airc=1, now I1(air)And I (f)0(f) relation is then
Wherein RsIt is the reflectance factor between buffer stopper and sample, αcIt is the attenuation coefficient of buffer stopper, l1For the thickness of buffer stopper
Degree.
Two formulas can obtain more than
It can also avoid measuring accurate A using the ratio between two signals0Value.Reduce the inaccurate row of measurement.It is worth noting
Be R hereinsFor plural
After the signal obtained in device as shown in Figure 1 obtains reflectance factor through above procedure calculating.Correspondence different frequency
Formula Z is used respectivelys=Zc(1+Rs)/(1-Rs) calculate, wherein ZsAnd ZcThe respectively acoustic impedance of medium and the acoustic impedance of buffer stopper.Just
Can obtain impedance spectrum Z (f), unit is Pa*s/m, and f is supersonic frequency, just can so be tested obtained by acoustic impedance spectrum, to it
Real part is taken then to obtain experiment impedance real part spectrum.
4), the signal obtained will be tested, is handled through the formula described in 3), just can obtain Polystyrene suspension
Acoustic impedance real part spectrum such as Fig. 6, extracts resonant frequency f, and corresponding amplitude, further according to the 2) middle " particle diameter-resonance frequency determined
Rate ", " concentration-resonant amplitude " two curves just can obtain the concentration and grain diameter of measurement object granules of polystyrene.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that principle measurement grain diameter and concentration are composed based on ultrasonic impedances, including following several steps：
1) the impedance real part spectrum of theory, is obtained with ECAH models and theoretical calculation
The characteristic of particle is characterized using reflectance spectrum, set up acoustic impedance according to ultrasonic particle sizing ECAH models is situated between with particle two-phase
Relation between matter；For particle two-phase system, by with quality, momentum and law of conservation of energy, ess-strain and acoustics
Obtained with thermodynamic equations compressional wave, shearing wave, heat wave flexible, isotropism, heat conduction spherical solid particles with
And the wave equation in continuous phase medium, its complex wave number κ mathematic(al) representation is：
κ=ω/c (ω)+i α (ω)
Whereinω is angular frequency, from above formula, and complex wave number κ real part is relevant with phase velocity c (ω), its imaginary part with
Attenuation coefficient α (ω) is related；It is as follows that ECAH models describe final expression formula to the acoustics of particle two-phase medium：
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Wherein κcFor known incident compressional wave wave number, φ is the volumetric concentration of particle in medium, and R is particle radius, AnFor scattering system
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Composed to theoretical impedance real part；
2) theoretical curve of " particle diameter-resonant frequency " and the theoretical curve of " concentration-resonant amplitude ", are obtained：
Impedance real part is obtained according to 1) step to compose, extraction different-grain diameter and its corresponding resonant frequency, acquisition one " particle diameter-
The theoretical curve of resonant frequency ", and different concentration and its corresponding amplitude are extracted, obtain " a concentration-resonance width
The theoretical curve of value "；
3), launch receive transducer T/R as ultrasonic wave and calculate the acoustic impedance obtained by being tested and compose, take real part then to obtain to it
To experiment impedance real part spectrum：
Make ultrasonic wave transmitting receive transducer T/R front end face parallel with the interface of buffer stopper and medium first, in exciting circuit
The lower ultrasonic wave transmitting receive transducer T/R of effect sends a beam intensity for I0Pulse ultrasonic wave, by buffer stopper A, in buffering
Block A and sample area B interface are reflected, and transmitted wave is again passed by after buffer stopper A by ultrasonic wave transmitting receive transducer T/R
Reception obtains intensity for I1Reflected ultrasonic, and collected card collection preservation is in a computer；When placing acoustics in sample cell
During the known demarcation medium of property, then reflection Rc, it is known that measuring one group of reflected signal I1c, to the back wave of acquisition, pass through
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) obtains signal intensity under multiple frequencies and composed, the corresponding back wave I of each frequency1(f)、I1cAnd I (f)0(f)
Relation be：
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Wherein RsIt is the reflectance factor between buffer stopper and sample media, αcIt is the attenuation coefficient of buffer stopper, l1For the thickness of buffer stopper
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Acoustic frequency, you can the acoustic impedance spectrum obtained by being tested, takes real part then to obtain experiment impedance real part spectrum to it；
4), the signal obtained will be tested, through the formula manipulation in 3) step, just can obtain the impedance real part spectrum of measurement object, carry
Take out resonant frequency and corresponding amplitude, then " particle diameter-resonant frequency ", " concentration-resonant amplitude " determined from 2) step
Two curves can look into the concentration and grain diameter for being worth to measurement object.
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