CN105275450B - Oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method, method are as follows：By being sequentially mounted to successively from bottom to top in vertical small pipeline：Pulse transmission formula patch shape sonac, the arc with guard electrode is to wall type conductivity sensor and plug-in type conductivity sensor；Oil-gas-water three-phase flow gas holdup is extracted using transmission-type sonac；Oil-gas-water three-phase flow associated flow rate is obtained using plug-in type conductivity sensor；Based on the arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor response signal, oil-gas-water three-phase flow specific retention is extracted；Realize three-phase flow total flow and separate phase flow rate prediction.The present invention can be effectively measured oil-gas-water three-phase flow.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method
Background technology
As onshore oil field progresses into high water-cut stage mining phase, by exploitation thick-layer, good layer to Mining A Thin-bed, poor layer,
Subsurface geology situation becomes increasingly complex, and oil well is in low yield liquid production status more.According to statistics, Daqing oil field is less than the oil in 20 sides/day
Well accounts for 33%；The oil well that Liaohe Oil Field is less than 15 sides/day accounts for 88.5%；The oil well that Xinjiang Oilfield is less than 10 sides/day accounts for 87.2%.
If considering further that in-place oil degassing or aerogenesis factors, the low yield liquid that Anomalous character monitoring certainly will face sternness is highly aqueous
Air water three-phase flow working condition.From multiphase fluid mechanics angle analysis, low yield liquid means that three-phase flow is alternate in the presence of strong phase
Between relative motion (slippage velocity), dispersed phase local velocity and local concentration profile in its water continuous phase in it is serious it is non-
Even distribution, cause the highly aqueous air water three-phase flow rate measurement of oil well low yield liquid extremely difficult.
Oil well multiphase current test is an important supporting technology with oil field development all the time, as onshore oil field gradually enters
Enter tertiary phase, it is more prominent to oil well three-phase flow production profile dynamic monitoring demand.Therefore, research with reliability,
Repeatability and compared with high measurement accuracy oil well low yield liquid High water cut oil-gas-water three-phase flow production profile logging method, to optimization oil well life
Produce dynamic characteristic and instruct oil-gas field development adjustment that there is particularly important meaning.
For oil well oil-gas water three-phase flow production profile logging problem, existing collector type radioactivity low energy oil gas water three
Mutually stream flow-measuring method is met difficulty：1. radioactivity low energy source densities and specific retention measurement model assumed condition are three-phase flows
For homogeneous flowing, still, low yield liquid High water cut three-phase flow flow behavior is difficult to meet this harshness measurement flox condition；2. due to
The measurement of collector type turbine flowmeter total flow is influenceed by fluid hybrid density and fluid non-uniform Distribution, causes turbo blade rotating speed
It is in non-linear response characteristic between fluid overall flow rate, total flow, which measures, produces larger error；3. is due to radioactivity low energy method
In the presence of the unfavorable factor such as itself radioactivity statistic fluctuation and measurement response speed be slow, cause hold less to profit white density difference
Water rate or oil holdup measurement accuracy are relatively low；4. radioactive sources Cd-109 is that (half-life period is a kind of accelerator produced radionuclides
453 days), also have compared with big limitation in terms of safety in production, instrument cost and environmental protection.
The content of the invention
For the highly aqueous air water three-phase flow rate e measurement technology problem of oil well low yield liquid, the present invention proposes a kind of oil gas water
Three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method, it is intended to be that the low oil production High water cut oil-gas-water three-phase flow output that water is continuous phase is cutd open
Face well logging provides new way.Technical scheme is as follows：
A kind of oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method, for the pipe with small pipe diameter in internal diameter 20mm
It is interior using water as the oil-gas-water three-phase flow relevant speed of continuous phase and the measurement of split-phase holdup, entered using plug-in type conductivity sensor
Row oil-gas-water three-phase flow correlation velocity measurement, oil gas water three phase is carried out to wall type conductivity sensor using the arc with guard electrode
Flow specific retention measurement, using transmission-type sonac carry out oil-gas-water three-phase flow gas holdup measurement, finally realize total flow and
Separate phase flow rate predicts that method is as follows：
(1) by being sequentially mounted to successively from bottom to top in vertical small pipeline：Pulse transmission formula patch shape ultrasonic sensing
Device, the arc with guard electrode is to wall type conductivity sensor and plug-in type conductivity sensor；
(2) using transmission-type sonac extraction oil-gas-water three-phase flow gas holdup, its transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are patch
Sheet, emitting facet keeps smooth as far as possible with small pipeline inwall, when oil-gas-water three-phase flow flows through sonac, collection ultrasound
Sensor output signal, and extract the sound wave head pulse amplitude maximums in each pulse-triggered cycle, i.e., Energy maximum value is made
The signal arrived for a triggering collection, by multiple triggering collection, sonac receiving terminal sound wave pulse maximum can be obtained
Sequence；
(3) plug-in type conductivity sensor is utilized, it includes insertion body and is embedded in the conductivity sensor of its outer surface, conductance
Sensor includes two groups of electrodes for being respectively distributed to upstream and downstream, wherein, the effect of insertion body is to lead to the annular around it
Local velocity and local concentration non-uniform Distribution degree significantly improve in road, and then obtain the upstream and downstream of high similitude
Measuring electrode coherent signal, reach effective related between three-phase flow associated flow rate and actual overall flow rate；Based on plug-in type conductance
The coherent signal that sensor upstream and downstream electrode measures, when being getted over by calculating corresponding to two row coherent signal cross-correlation function peak values
Between, according to the spacing between related electrode, calculate oil-gas-water three-phase flow associated flow rate.
(4) based on the arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor response signal, and can be carried using Maxwell equations
Take oil-gas-water three-phase flow specific retention；
(5) three-phase flow total flow and separate phase flow rate prediction are realized.
(2) therein, under the conditions of slug flow and mixed shape stream, by obtaining sonac receiving terminal sound wave pulse maximum
Value sequence, the minimum part of value is corresponding with vent plug in the sonac maximum value sequence measured, remainder and liquid plug pair
Should, sonac maximum value sequence is thus isolated into sound wave sequence corresponding to acoustic wave sequences corresponding to vent plug part and liquid plug
Row；Gas holdup corresponding to vent plug part is regarded as 100%, gas holdup corresponding to liquid plug portion can use bubble flow gas holdup to calculate mould
Type extracts；Vent plug part gas holdup corresponding with liquid plug portion is carried out to integrate average, acquisition bubble flow, slug flow and mixed shape stream
Gas holdup under three kinds of flow patterns.
For the present invention due to taking above technical scheme, it has advantages below：
(1) present invention proposes a kind of plug-in type conductivity sensor oil-gas-water three-phase flow correlation velocity measurement method.This method
Local velocity and local concentration non-uniform Distribution degree in pipe with small pipe diameter Measurement channel can be significantly improved, makes the annular around insertion body
Have in passage compared with steady flow structure, and then upstream and the downstream conductivity sensor correlation of high reliability and repeatability can be obtained
Signal.Using the physical model between oil-gas-water three-phase flow correlation speed measurement and overall flow rate, alternate slippage velocity, distributed mutually coefficient,
Oil-gas-water three-phase flow total flow can effectively be measured.
(2) present invention proposes a kind of arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor specific retention measuring method.Due to
Oil vacuole or bubble diameter are smaller during low flow velocity High water cut, and the conductivity sensor after optimization can be held to water continuous phase oil-gas-water three-phase flow
Water rate is effectively measured.
(3) present invention proposes that a kind of single-shot list receives pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac gas holdup measuring method.Should
Method produces standing wave harmful effect when can eliminate continuous wave transmitting.During measurement, ultrasonic pulse reception signal Mintrop wave width is extracted first
Value sequence, then, on three-phase flow flow device by dynamic test, establish sonac the first amplitude serial mean with
Experimental relationship between three-phase flow gas holdup, and then determine the sonac gas holdup measuring instrumentss factor.The sensor can be to three
Mutually the three-phase flow gas holdup of stream bubble flow, slug flow and mixed shape stream is effectively measured.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the acoustoelectric sensor combination knot for being used for oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter (total flow and separate phase flow rate) measurement
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac structure chart：(a) schematic diagram；(b) sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor structural representation：(a) schematic diagram；(b) sectional view
Fig. 4 is plug-in type conductivity sensor structural representation.
Fig. 5 is the oil-gas-water three-phase flow slug flow overall flow rate result of acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method prediction.
Fig. 6 is that the oil-gas-water three-phase flow slug flow void fraction of acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method prediction (void fraction, contains
Oil cut rate, moisture content) prediction result.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
1 Lucite pipe；2 plug-in type conductivity sensors；3 arcs with guard electrode are to wall type conductivity sensor；4 arteries and veins
Rush transmission-type paster shape sonac；5 insulation insertion bodies；The related measuring electrode (conductance type) of 6 a pair of of upstreams annular；7 downstreams
The related measuring electrode (conductance type) of a pair of annulars；8 pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac acoustic emission end piezoelectric chips (are used
T is represented)；9 pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac receiving terminal piezoelectric chips (being represented with R)
Embodiment
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.The oil-gas-water three-phase flow flowing that the invention is related to
Parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method mainly includes the following steps that：
(1) an oil-gas-water three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combination metering system is designed, for the oil gas water that water is continuous phase
Three-phase flow relevant speed and split-phase holdup (gas holdup, specific retention, oil holdup) measurement, its acoustoelectric sensor combining structure such as Fig. 1
It is shown.It is mostly 20mm in view of down-hole current-collecting type production profile production logging apparatus measures channel internal diameter, therefore acoustic-electric of the present invention passes
Sensor combination by being sequentially mounted in vertical small pipeline (internal diameter 20mm) successively from bottom to top：Pulse transmission formula patch shape surpasses
Sonic transducer, the arc with guard electrode is to wall type conductivity sensor, plug-in type conductivity sensor.
The oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination that the invention is related to is to be directed to complicated measurand (oil gas
Water three-phase flow) conductive characteristic and transonic characteristic design.Because the acoustic impedance of aqueous phase and oil-phase medium is closer to, and
Far below the acoustic impedance of gas phase media, therefore, pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac is used for oil gas water three phase in the invention
Flow gas holdup measurement；Because the electrical conductivity of gas phase and oil-phase medium is essentially identical, and the electrical conductivity of aqueous media is far below, because
This, the arc with guard electrode is measured for oil-gas-water three-phase flow specific retention wall type conductivity sensor in the invention；Plug-in type
Conductivity sensor is used for the oil-gas-water three-phase flow correlation velocity measurement relevant with overall flow rate, wherein, insertion body (inlay by conductivity sensor
Embedded in its outer surface) effect be to be shown local velocity and local concentration non-uniform Distribution degree in the circular passage around it
Writing improves, and then obtains upstream and the measured downstream electrode coherent signal of high similitude, reaches three-phase flow associated flow rate and reality
Effective experiment between overall flow rate is related.
(2) oil-gas-water three-phase flow (bubble flow, section can extract based on pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac response signal
Plug flow and mixed shape stream) gas holdup；Based on the arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor response signal, and utilize
Maxwell equations can extract oil-gas-water three-phase flow specific retention；The correlation measured based on plug-in type conductivity sensor upstream and downstream electrode
Signal, by calculating the transition time corresponding to two row coherent signal cross-correlation function peak values, according to the spacing between related electrode,
Finally, oil-gas-water three-phase flow associated flow rate can be calculated.
(3) oil gas water three phase split-phase holdup (gas holdup, specific retention, oil holdup) and associated flow rate basis are measured more than
On, velocity of wave propagation model and drift-flux model are moved using three-phase flow, finally realize three-phase flow total flow and separate phase flow rate
Prediction.(Zhu Lei, oil-water two-phase flow total flow and separate phase flow rate measuring method, Ph.D. Dissertation, University Of Tianjin, 2014)
Illustrate that the oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method is embodied below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings
Process：
(1) oil-gas-water three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combined system is built.
The pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac structure being related in oil-gas-water three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combined system
As shown in Fig. 2 wherein, ultrasonic transducer piezoelectric chip geometric parameter is as follows：Piezoelectric chip thickness is t=2mm, and piezoelectric chip is straight
Footpath is Φ=5mm, ultrasonic wave tranmitting frequency fT=1MHz.The pulsed paster shape sonac is corresponding using resonant frequency
Electric pulse is triggered as driving source, due to inverse piezoelectric effect, electric energy is transformed into mechanical oscillation by transmitting terminal piezo-electric crystal, and then is produced
Raw certain frequency acoustic signals；Due to piezo-electric effect, the acoustic signals received are changed into corresponding electricity by receiving terminal piezoelectric chip
Pulse signal, oil-gas-water three-phase flow gas holdup information can be obtained by gathering the electric impulse signal.
The arc with guard electrode being related in oil-gas-water three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combined system senses to wall type conductance
Device structure is as shown in figure 3, wherein, E represents exciting electrode, and R represents receiving electrode, and S represents two pairs of focusing electrode anodes, and G is represented
Two pairs of focusing electrode negative terminals.Three pairs of electrodes are glossily embedded on tube wall, and electrode is made by stainless steel material.Arc is to wall
Formula conductivity sensor electrodes structural parameters are elected as：Electrode height is h=1mm, and Electrode opening angle isElectrode spacing is
S=2mm.
The plug-in type conductivity sensor array structure such as Fig. 4 institutes being related in oil-gas-water three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combined system
Show, it is made up of cylinder insulation insertion body, a pair of upstream correlation speed measurement electrodes and a pair of downstream correlation speed measurement electrodes.Insulation
Insertion body is made of lucite, and two pairs of correlation speed measurement electrodes are made of stainless steel.Plug-in type conductivity sensor structure is joined
Number is elected as：The insertion body that insulate diameter d=10mm, length l=200mm, electrode height 1mm, electrode spacing S2=10mm, on
Distance S between lower two pairs of related electrodes3=30mm, upstream related electrode to distance S between insertion body front end of insulating1=100mm.
(2) the oil-gas-water three-phase flow acoustoelectric sensor combined system of design is arranged in oil-gas-water three-phase flow small pipeline to be measured
(internal diameter 20mm), when oil-gas-water three-phase flow flows through pipeline section to be measured, each sensor response letter in combination metering system can be obtained
Number.
(3) the maximum time series of pulse transmission formula paster shape sonac is extracted：1) transmitting terminal piezoelectric chip T is every
A ultrasonic pulse is produced, receiving terminal piezoelectric chip R can receive multiple electric impulse signals, record maximum impulse peak value therein,
And then multiple maximum impulse peak values based on record form maximum time series；2) bubble flow gas holdup Y is utilizedgModelGas holdup is calculated, wherein, A0For full water when ultrasonic signal average value, A is has dispersed phase to deposit
When ultrasonic signal average value, scattering coefficient θ=74927, propagation distance L=0.02m, the wave number of ultrasonic wave is n=
418667；3) the sonac maximum time series measured under the conditions of slug flow and mixed shape stream is separated into Continuous Liquid Phase pair
Pure gas phase corresponding to the bubble flow and vent plug (air parcel) answered, wherein, pure gas phase portion gas holdup is considered as 1, and blister stream part utilizes
Above-mentioned model can extract the gas holdup in Continuous Liquid Phase, and Continuous Liquid Phase and vent plug (air parcel) two parts synthesis can averagely obtain slug flow
Or the average gas holdup of mixed shape stream.
(4) according to the arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor response signal, extraction water is the oil gas of continuous phase
Water three-phase flow dimensionless conductanceWherein, VrefVoltage, V are measured for reference resistance both endsmTo pass
The measurement voltage at sensor both ends,For pure water when reference resistance both ends measure voltage,For pure water when sensors measure voltage；
Then, calculate oil-gas-water three-phase flow using Maxwell equations and regard specific retention value.
(5) the correlated fluctuations signal obtained according to plug-in type conductivity sensor upstream and downstream measuring electrode, then pass through two row phases
Close fluctuation signal and calculate the transition time corresponding to cross-correlation function peak value, so that it may obtain oil-gas-water three-phase flow associated flow rate.
(6) above-mentioned oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase holdup (gas holdup, specific retention, oil holdup) and associated flow rate basis are being measured
On, the flow pattern in oil-gas-water three-phase flow motion velocity of wave propagation model and drift-flux model is picked out using Mathematics Optimization Method
Parameter (distributed mutually coefficient and bubble diameter index), finally, predicting oil/gas water three-phase flow total flow and separate phase flow rate.
Experimental verification and result：
According to the specific implementation process of oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method, obtaining water is
Oil-gas-water three-phase flow bubble flow, slug flow during continuous phase and the total flow under three kinds of flow patterns of mixed shape stream and void fraction prediction knot
Fruit.Herein, the total flow and void fraction prediction result under the conditions of slug flow are only provided, respectively as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, wherein
QtTotal flow is matched for simulation well,It is pre- for the invention oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method
The total flow of survey, Kg、KoAnd KwRespectively oil-gas-water three-phase flow analogue means proportioning is demarcated the void fraction provided, oil content and contained
Water rate,AndRespectively the invention oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method is pre-
Void fraction, oil content and the moisture content result measured,For mean absolute relative error.As can be seen that the invention oil gas water three
Mutually oil-gas-water three-phase flow total flow and void fraction of the stream flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method to water for continuous phase
It is respectively provided with preferable precision of prediction.
Claims (2)
- A kind of 1. oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method, in internal diameter 20mm pipe with small pipe diameter Using water as the oil-gas-water three-phase flow relevant speed of continuous phase and the measurement of split-phase holdup, using plug-in type conductivity sensor carry out Oil-gas-water three-phase flow correlation velocity measurement, oil-gas-water three-phase flow is carried out to wall type conductivity sensor using the arc with guard electrode Specific retention is measured, and oil-gas-water three-phase flow gas holdup measurement is carried out using transmission-type sonac, is finally realized total flow and is divided Phase flow rate predicts that method is as follows：(1) by being sequentially mounted to successively from bottom to top in vertical small pipeline：Pulse transmission formula patch shape sonac, band The arc of guard electrode is to wall type conductivity sensor and plug-in type conductivity sensor；(2) using transmission-type sonac extraction oil-gas-water three-phase flow gas holdup, its transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are paster shape, Emitting facet keeps smooth as far as possible with small pipeline inwall, when oil-gas-water three-phase flow flows through sonac, gathers ultrasonic sensing Device output signal, and extract the sound wave head pulse amplitude maximums in each pulse-triggered cycle, i.e., Energy maximum value is as one The signal that secondary triggering collection arrives, by multiple triggering collection, obtain sonac receiving terminal sound wave pulse maximum value sequence；(3) oil-gas-water three-phase flow associated flow rate is obtained using plug-in type conductivity sensor, it includes insertion body and is embedded in outside it The conductivity sensor on surface, conductivity sensor include two groups of electrodes for being respectively distributed to upstream and downstream, wherein, the work of insertion body With being local velocity and local concentration non-uniform Distribution degree in the circular passage around it is significantly improved, and then obtain The upstream of high similitude and measured downstream electrode coherent signal, reach effective between three-phase flow associated flow rate and actual overall flow rate It is related；The coherent signal measured based on plug-in type conductivity sensor upstream and downstream electrode, by calculating two row coherent signal cross-correlation Transition time corresponding to peak of function, according to the spacing between related electrode, calculate oil-gas-water three-phase flow associated flow rate；(4) based on the arc with guard electrode to wall type conductivity sensor response signal, and Maxwell equations extraction oil gas is utilized Water three-phase flow specific retention；(5) three-phase flow total flow and separate phase flow rate prediction are realized.
- 2. oil-gas-water three-phase flow flow parameter acoustoelectric sensor combination measurement method according to claim 1, its feature exist In under the conditions of slug flow and mixed shape stream, by obtaining sonac receiving terminal sound wave pulse maximum value sequence, what is measured is super The minimum part of value is corresponding with vent plug in sonic transducer maximum value sequence, and remainder is corresponding with liquid plug, thus passes ultrasound Sensor maximum value sequence isolates acoustic wave sequences corresponding to acoustic wave sequences corresponding to vent plug part and liquid plug；It is corresponding depending on vent plug part Gas holdup be 100%, gas holdup corresponding to liquid plug portion using bubble flow gas holdup computation model extraction；By vent plug part with Gas holdup corresponding to liquid plug portion carries out integrating average, the gas holdup under three kinds of acquisition bubble flow, slug flow and mixed shape stream flow patterns.
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