CN105209841A - Station for reducing gas pressure and liquefying gas - Google Patents

Station for reducing gas pressure and liquefying gas Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105209841A
CN105209841A CN201480009656.8A CN201480009656A CN105209841A CN 105209841 A CN105209841 A CN 105209841A CN 201480009656 A CN201480009656 A CN 201480009656A CN 105209841 A CN105209841 A CN 105209841A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
gas
station
pressure
heat
station according
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN201480009656.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
G.帕热斯
F.马库奇利
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Cryostar SAS
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Cryostar SAS
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Publication of CN105209841A publication Critical patent/CN105209841A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0232—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0281—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc. characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
    • F25J1/0284—Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0296—Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/06—Splitting of the feed stream, e.g. for treating or cooling in different ways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/20—Integrated compressor and process expander; Gear box arrangement; Multiple compressors on a common shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/90—Hot gas waste turbine of an indirect heated gas for power generation

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a station comprising: an expansion turbine 12; means for recovering mechanical work (G) produced during the gas pressure reduction in the expansion turbine; a cooling system (6) comprising compression means (C1, C2, C3); condensation means (14) for liquefying gas (G11) using the cold provided by the cooling system; means for recovering heat produced by the compression means (C1, C2, C3) of the cooling system and means (10) for heating the gas upstream of the expansion turbine that are associated with the heat-recovery means.

Description

For reducing gas pressure and making the station of gas liquefaction
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for reducing gas pressure and for making the station of gas liquefaction (especially natural gas).
Therefore, the field of the invention is field of gas treatment, in particular for producing the natural gas processing field of liquefied natural gas.
Background technology
Liquefied natural gas is used for different application.Liquefied natural gas is mainly used as the fuel of vehicle, the especially fuel of haulage truck.Be generally used for this kind of vehicle fuel oil can in fact by gas-pressurized or liquefied natural gas substitute.With use bottled gas-pressurized compared with, use liquid gas in volume and weight, provide advantage, this be due to: on the one hand, the gaseous natural gas much less of the identical amount of the volume ratio that the natural gas liquefied by cooling occupies; On the other hand, the heat insulation of low-temperature storage tank is more light than the sheath body (jacket) of gas cylinder.Therefore, vehicle has more independence.Liquefied natural gas or clean energy resource, which limit as fine grain discharges such as coal smokes.
Liquefied natural gas also can be used for supplying small gas power plant or for supplying the mininet in village.
Gas line or pipeline are used to the pipeline transmitting gaseous material under stress.Majority of gas pipeline transports natural gas between extraction zone and consumption or output area.Gas is from the disposal field in gas field or store place and to transfer to high pressure (from 16 bar to being greater than 100 bar) and carry place, is located in the pressure of gas must be made much lower, so that gas can use in transportation field.
For this purpose, gas by pressure-reducing station, wherein reduces the pressure of gas by means of the expansion of valve or turbine.Therefore the pressure reduction realized creates energy, and described energy loses when valve.
Have known gas expansion system to use the natural gas entering pressure-reducing station as the cold-producing medium in system, described system can be described as both open loop (Linde cycle, Solver cycle or Claude cycle).In such systems, the fact used is that natural gas is present under high pressure.Natural gas expands in valve, and between this phase of expansion, the fraction in gas is liquefied.Collect the liquid that obtains, and cold low natural gas is out transported to the low-voltage tube of pressure-reducing station from valve.The advantage of these systems is relatively simple, but because from valve out obtain the composition that temperature depends on gas, and because the composition of natural gas is variable, so the gas using these systems to liquefy is mainly as the heavy gas of butane or propane, instead of methane.This gas liquefaction method is also referred to as flash distillation (flashing).
Enter pressure-reducing station and cooled during the pressure drop occurred by all gas of valve or turbine.Gas is still containing water and carbon dioxide, and its content is about 100ppm or 1%.Therefore condensation can occur during this expansion step, and described condensation can cause may the formation of ice (hydrate) of chock tube.Therefore be necessary flow of process air, in pipe, be transformed into ice to prevent from being included in water in natural gas and carbon dioxide and therefore throw into question to transporting natural gas during process natural gas in pressure-reducing station.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is especially to provide a kind of device, described device make likely by control obtain liquid gas composition make gas liquefaction at the place place of pressure-reducing station, especially make natural gas liquefaction.Advantageously, equipment according to the present invention likely reclaims making the expansion energy produced by the gas pressure difference between the entrance of pressure-reducing station and outlet, to produce liquefied natural gas partial, avoids the pipe inside at these stations to form ice simultaneously.Described equipment will also preferably easily use and have simple design.
For this purpose, the present invention proposes a kind of for reducing gas pressure and for making the station of gas liquefaction (especially natural gas), described station comprises:
-expansion turbine;
-for being recovered in the device reducing the mechanical power produced during gas pressure;
-refrigeration system, it comprises compression set; And
-condensing unit, it is for making gas liquefaction.
According to the present invention, this station also comprises: for reclaiming the device of the heat produced by the compression set of refrigeration system, and described device is associated at the device of the gas of expansion turbine upstream with for heating.
Therefore, this station to be provided for being integrated in before natural gas expands the heating of natural gas and the cooling of cold-producing medium, saves the large energy for the manufacture of liquefaction (natural) gas and/or gas simultaneously.
The flowing of (natural) gas in gaseous form is remained between the high-voltage tube be associated with pressure-reducing station and low-voltage tube.Based on the 100m of natural gas 3volume, such as 5m 3to 15m 3be transformed into liquefied natural gas.Merit can be reclaimed here, so that subsequently for changing the fraction (5% to 15%) in (natural) gas into liquefaction (natural) gas between the phase of expansion between these two pressure levels.
By reclaiming by the heat for making the compression set of gas liquefaction send, the heating of gas occurs in the entrance of such as pressure-reducing station (that is, the upstream of expansion turbine).Therefore, the gas going to low-voltage tube from high-voltage tube was heated before entering pressure-reducing station, thus made the freezing point of temperature higher than water of the gas in the exit being present in described station.
In order to optimize station described here and reclaim the energy of maximum, providing, first gas under high pressure flow to expansion turbine, and subsequently, in the downstream of this turbine, remove a part for expanding gas to be sent to condensing unit.Therefore provided, by the tap line in expansion turbine downstream, these condensing units supplied.
According to the first embodiment, described station be included in condensing unit, compression set and for heated natural gas device between closed circuit.This closed circuit makes likely to combine the refrigeration system (compressor and condenser) for making gas liquefaction and heat exchanger, thus causes the heat reduced between gas pressure and generation liquid gas integrated.
According to the second embodiment, described station is included in compression set, the first closed circuit between condensing unit and at least one intermediate heat exchanger, and at least one intermediate heat exchanger and for heated air device between the second closed circuit, described second closed circuit may use the heat-transfer fluid different from the heat-transfer fluid used in the first loop.
By these two embodiments, propose at this, there is the station of the intermediate system that can be compared to closed circuit (may be two closed circuits), make a part for likely refrigerating gas, until gas liquefaction.The advantage of independent closed loop system is, it allows to reach significantly lower temperature, and this is that it doesn't matter because it and the pressure realized in pressure-reducing station reduce.Due to this system, the composition of liquid gas changes according to the gas entered hardly, assuming that directly cooled by the internal heat exchanger arranged operating for this reason and obtain state change, instead of the flash system of routine.
Pressure reduce and liquefaction station particular in, be associated with the device for mechanical power being converted into electric energy for being recovered in the device reducing the mechanical power produced during gas pressure.In this embodiment, mechanically can be connected to generator for being recovered in the device reducing the mechanical power produced during gas pressure, and compression set is advantageously driven by motor, described motor supplies electric energy by described generator.
Pressure reduce and liquefaction station another embodiment in, mechanically associate with compression set for being recovered in the device reducing the mechanical power produced during gas pressure.Optionally provide auxiliary motor, for driving compression set.
Therefore, in this station, have for making the refrigerant circuit of gas liquefaction and entrance integrated preheating expansion turbine.
Liquefied natural gas can be produced by the refrigeration unit comprising refrigeration system in station according to the present invention, and described refrigeration system uses the mixture of nitrogen and/or hydrocarbon interchangeably.
Heat exchanger and/or the condenser of aluminium PFHE type such as can be comprised according to the refrigeration system used in station of the present invention.
In specific embodiments, refrigeration system comprises compressor and/or Radial Flow expander.
In another embodiment, station according to the present invention comprises for by adsorbing and/or absorbing to process the water of low pressure natural gas and the device of carbon dioxide, and described Plant arrangement is at the device upstream for condensed gas.
Accompanying drawing explanation
According to the description carried out below with reference to schematic diagram of enclosing, details of the present invention and advantage will become more apparent, in described diagram:
Fig. 1 is the general view of the pole outline illustrated according to station of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the more detailed schematic illustration of showing first embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 3 is the view being similar to Fig. 2 view, and it illustrates second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the view being similar to Fig. 2 and 3 views about third embodiment of the invention; And
Fig. 5 is the view being similar to Fig. 2 to 4 view about fourth embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 diagrammatically represents gas line 2, gas line 2 under high pressure transports gas, and such as, primarily of the natural gas of methane composition, described high pressure is such as that (in general about 60 bar to 100 cling to, in this application, example and numerical value are illustrative and nonrestrictive).Be called in Fig. 1 that (pressure reduces the english abbreviation of (PressureLetDown) to PLD, or for " baissedepression " [loweringofpressure] in French) gas decompression station make likely supply pipe 4, pipe 4 is used under low pressure to localized network or analog supply gas (natural gas, to re-use previous examples), described low pressure is generally clings to about a little.
Liquefied gas generation unit 6 is associated with pressure-reducing station PLD.Be supplied to the gas of liquefied gas generation unit 6 from the gas line 2 in pressure-reducing station PLD downstream by processing unit 8, processing unit 8 processed gas before gas enters generation unit 6, to remove the impurity in gas, in described impurity is generally present in " untreated (raw) " gas.After leaving generation unit 6, obtain liquefied natural gas LNG, described liquefied natural gas is such as stored in memory cell (not shown in Figure 1).
When gas expands in pressure-reducing station PLD, gas releases mechanical power WM.Propose at this, with some form (machinery or electric form) to reclaim in this merit all or part of, such as, to supply generation unit 6, generation unit 6 needs energy that gas is converted to liquid condition from its gaseous state.Because the energy shortage reclaimed is to produce liquid gas, therefore likely supplement the energy to generation unit supply, the electric energy such as, diagrammatically represented by " WE " in Fig. 1.Finally, in generation unit 6, generally have another equipment of compressor (not representing in FIG) or releases heat, described heat is only represented by Q in FIG.Propose with raw mode, reclaim the heat Q of this amount so that heating enters the gas of pressure-reducing station PLD.In fact, in expansion process, make expansion air cooling but.Gas faces the risk under the setting temperature dropping to water, and therefore causes the formation of ice, and the formation of ice can cause the partially or completely obstruction of corresponding pipeline.By heated air before inflation, the risk of freezing and blocking may be limited thus.
Fig. 2 shows first embodiment of the invention in more detail, and described first embodiment implements the overall plan of Fig. 1.
In fig. 2 and in following figure, reuse the reference of Fig. 1 to specify similar components.
Therefore again find gas line 2 in fig. 2, gas line 2 couples of pressure-reducing station PLD supply to provide gas at low pressures in pipe 4.In addition, generation unit 6 provides liquid gas LNG.
In pressure-reducing station PLD, the gas from gas line 2 passes through pipe G2 and G3.By preheating equipment 10 heated air in each in these pipes.After leaving these preheating equipments, collecting pipe G4 and G5 in pipe G6, pipe G6 supplies expansion turbine 12.After leaving turbine, gas is expanded and directly can be included into pipe 4 again by pipe G7.
Generation unit 6 consists essentially of condenser 14.The gas supplied generation unit 6 supplies from the branch road G9 of pipe G7, then arrives valve 16, and the pressure realizing adding in valve 16 reduces.Gas is transported to processing unit 8 by pipe G10, and processing unit 8 is such as by absorbing or purifying gas preferably by adsorbing.Purge gas is transported to attemperator 18 by G11, is then introduced in condenser 14 by G12.After leaving condenser 14, obtain liquid gas, described liquid gas arrives control valve 20 by pipe L1, then passes through L2 to arrive the memory device being used for liquefied natural gas LNG.
The interaction between the expansion turbine 12 of pressure-reducing station PLD and generation unit 6 is realized at this.In this embodiment of Fig. 2, the energy reclaimed between the phase of expansion in the PLD of station for producing electric energy in generation unit 6, and the heat produced in generation unit 6 is used for the gas that heating enters station PLD (that is, in expansion turbine 12 upstream).
First it should be noted in fig. 2, turbine 12 is connected to generator G.Therefore, mechanical energy is reclaimed at turbine 12 place to change electric energy into.Therefore electricity is reclaimed, and then supplies motor M, and motor M drives three compressors C1, C2 and C3, a stage of each self-forming compression unit of compressor C1, C2 and C3.In this way, produce between pressure-reducing station with generation unit and be electrically connected.
In order to optimize the amount of mechanical energy reclaimed at turbine 12 place, be used for gas that low-voltage tube 4 is supplied be used for all flowing in turbine 12 gas (that is, the gas that will liquefy) that generation unit 6 is supplied.
Heat is realized integrated by closed circuit described below.Describe for this reason, propose the cryogenic fluid of following movement in this loop.As limiting examples, the fluid used can be the mixture of nitrogen or hydrocarbon.
Cryogenic fluid arrives compressor C1 by pipe R1 and leaves compressor C1 by pipe R2.Then, cryogenic fluid arrives the first preheating equipment 10 to heat from gas line 2 and to be used for the gas supplied the turbine 12 of pressure-reducing station PLD.Then fluid is guided to cooler 22 by pipe R3 to realize the control of the temperature to cryogenic fluid before being sent to compression unit by pipe R4.Then, fluid is compressed by the second compressor C2, then fluid is guided to the second preheating equipment 10 by R5, is transported to the second cooler 22 afterwards and arrives the 3rd compression stage of compression unit by R7 by R6.The 3rd cooler 22 being connected to the 3rd compressor C3 by pipe R8 makes the temperature of the fluid likely controlling to leave compression unit.
Cryogenic fluid is brought to contraflow heat exchanger 24 by pipe R9, then by R10, cryogenic fluid is guided to expander 26.Expander 26 is mechanically connected to motor M, and is connected to compression unit.After leaving expander 26, subsequently fluid (passing through R11) is guided to the condenser 14 of generation unit 6, in condenser 14, fluid absorbs heat to obtain liquefied natural gas (LNG) from the natural gas partial wanting to liquefy.After leaving condenser 14, fluid (passing through R12) is transported to attemperator 18, arrive contraflow heat exchanger 24 by R13 afterwards, contraflow heat exchanger 24 is connected to the downstream of the first compressor C1 of compression unit.
As showed in the description herein, the heat that cryogenic fluid is used for realizing between generation unit and pressure-reducing station is integrated, and its implementation is: reclaim the heat especially discharged during fluid compression, to use described heat to heat the natural gas entering pressure-reducing station PLD.
Here the subsidiary component of refrigerant circuit is not described in detail.Therefore there is such as storage tank 28, storage tank 28 is used as the expansion vessel of cryogenic fluid in a usual manner.
Fig. 3 illustrates embodiment variant, and its some reference re-using earlier figures is to specify similar components.Compared with the embodiment of Fig. 2, the heat achieving another kind of form is integrated.Suggestion has the closed circuit (or such as the closed circuit of another heat-transfer fluid of deep fat) of pressure (hydraulic) water, to reclaim compression heat and to be transmitted the upstream of compression heat to expansion turbine.Aerial cooler such as can be arranged on this circuit, cooling capacity to be adjusted to needed for compression loop.Use displacement pump to allow heat-transfer fluid (pressure (hydraulic) water) to circulate, and expansion vessel can be integrated in this loop in a usual manner.
Therefore pick out in figure 3 in compression unit and the refrigerant circuit between its three compressors C1, C2 and C3 and the generation unit 6 with condenser 14.This loop simplifies.Described loop continues through the three phases of compression unit, and by preheating equipment 10 after passing through each stage.Then, refrigerant circuit by contraflow heat exchanger 24, enters expander 26 afterwards, then enters condenser 14, again gets back to the first compression stage and its compressor C1 by contraflow heat exchanger 24.
Be that the heat extracted from compression stage is not directly passed to natural gas by preheating equipment 10 with the main distinction of first embodiment of Fig. 2, but heat be passed to such as another heat-transfer fluid of pressure (hydraulic) water.Therefore produce the second refrigerant circuit, described second refrigerant circuit is parallel through three preheating equipments 10 to supply preheating equipment 110, and the heat from compression stage is passed to the natural gas entering station PLD by preheating equipment 110.Therefore, these preheating equipments 10 form intermediate heat exchanger.Between preheating equipment 10 and preheating equipment 110, notice: the existence of displacement pump 142, displacement pump 142 makes likely to make heat-transfer fluid circulate in corresponding loop; And the existence of cooler 122, cooler 122 is for the temperature of Heat Transfer Control fluid in this loop.In mode conventional for a person skilled in the art, expansion vessel 144 is advantageously integrated in this refrigerant circuit.
With regard to Fig. 4, it illustrates the simple version of the first embodiment shown in Fig. 2.Meanwhile, situation as in this application, re-uses the reference that used to specify similar components, to simplify reading comprehension.
In this simplified embodiment, notice that compression unit only has the single stage, the described single stage has single compressor C.Then, heated natural gas in single preheating equipment 10, this allow from compressor heat with enter directly exchanging at the natural gas of expansion turbine 12 upstream of workbench PLD.
In this embodiment, the mixture of such as hydrocarbon and nitrogen are used as heat-transfer fluid by refrigerant circuit.Heat-transfer fluid is compressed by compressor C, and compressor C is driven by motor M (being electrically connected to the generator G of the turbine 12 of station PLD).Then, fluid is cooled (it should be noted that, also can provide as another refrigerant circuit between the preheating equipment 10 in earlier figures and natural gas here) because the natural gas in the preheating equipment 10 of the porch with turbine 12 contacts.
Cooler 22 or (aerial cooler) can be introduced in loop cooling capacity is adjusted to needed for compression loop.Then, heat-transfer fluid is transported through heat exchanger 214, the type of heat exchanger 214 is such as PHFE (english abbreviations of plate fin type heat exchanger (PlateFinHeatExchanger), or be " é changeurdechaleur à plaquesetailettes " [plateandfinheatexchanger] in French), wherein heat-transfer fluid is cooled and condensation by period at first pass.Then, heat-transfer fluid is expanded by valve 246, and wherein heat-transfer fluid is evaporated by Joule-Thomson effect part, again causes its temperature to reduce.Heat-transfer fluid again by (passing through for second time) heat exchanger 214 evaporating, and due to contact with the natural gas that will liquefy and with the frigorific mixture of condensation will contact and heated.At this second time by afterwards, the heat-transfer fluid (mixture of such as hydrocarbon and nitrogen) leaving heat exchanger 214 gets back to compressor C.
In the embodiment of Fig. 5, compared with the embodiment of earlier figures, between pressure-reducing station and generation unit, realize machinery integrated (Fig. 5) instead of electricity integrated (Fig. 2 to 4).
In fact, although in the embodiment of fig. 2, turbine 12 drives the generator G producing electricity, and the electricity produced consumes in motor M, but propose in Figure 5, turbine 12 is mechanically connected with compressor C1, C2 and C3 of the compression unit of generation unit 6.
Look the different elements seeming to describe pressure-reducing station here, it is similar to those elements represented in Fig. 2.Similarly, again there is similar refrigerant circuit, its heat for generation of liquefied gas generation unit and this generation unit and pressure-reducing station is integrated.
In this Fig. 5, also illustrate motor M, motor M is used as additional source of energy (WE corresponding in Fig. 1) here, to adjust the necessary power of liquefied gas generation unit by the power carried at the place place of pressure-reducing station.
As pure illustrative example, likely provide such as in described various embodiments: are about 5% to 20% of gas flows (weight) by pressure-reducing station PLD by the gas flow (weight) of liquefied gas generation unit 6, remaining gas (80% to 95%) is supplied pipe 4.
The above system allows to control completely the generation of liquefied natural gas.The composition of this gas can be controlled.Described composition does not depend on the pressure difference value in pressure-reducing station.
In addition, preheat the gas entering pressure-reducing station to make likely to prevent freezing and obstructing problem of pipeline.
Energy regenerating occurs in place of pressure-reducing station, and occurs in the expansion turbine place of pressure-reducing station or rather.By making whole air-flow optimize this recovery by this turbine, namely described whole air-flow refers to, is intended to the gas of gas and the intention liquefaction of expanding in a gaseous form.
The invention is not restricted to above as the preferred embodiment described in limiting examples.The invention still further relates to the accessible embodiment variant in Claims scope hereafter of those skilled in the art.

Claims (11)

1. for reducing gas pressure (PLD) and for making a station for gas liquefaction (especially natural gas), described station comprises:
-expansion turbine (12);
-for be recovered in reduce the pressure of described gas during the device of mechanical power (WM) that produces;
-refrigeration system, it comprises compression set (C1, C2, C3); And
-condensing unit (14), it is for making gas liquefaction,
The feature at described station is, it also comprises:
-for reclaiming by described compression set (C1, C2, C3 of described refrigeration system; The device of the heat (Q) C) produced, described device with for heating the device (10 of the gas in described expansion turbine (12) upstream; 40; 110) be associated.
2. station according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is supplied described condensing unit (14) by the tap line (G9) in described expansion turbine (12) downstream.
3. the station according to any one of claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described station is included in described condensing unit (14), described compression set (C1, C2, C3; C) with for heating the described device (10 of described gas; 40) closed circuit between.
4. the station according to any one of claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described station comprises: at described compression set (C1, C2, C3), the first closed circuit between described condensing unit (14) and at least one intermediate heat exchanger (10); And at least one intermediate heat exchanger (10) and for heat described gas described device (110) between the second closed circuit, described second closed circuit may use the heat-transfer fluid different from the heat-transfer fluid used in described first loop.
5. station according to any one of claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described station comprises for mechanical power is transformed (G) is electric energy device, described device with for be recovered in reduce the pressure of described gas during the described device of mechanical power (WM) that produces be associated.
6. station according to claim 5, is characterized in that, for be recovered in reduce the pressure of described gas during the described device for mechanical of mechanical power (WM) that produces be connected to generator (G); And be, described compression set (C1, C2, C3) is driven by motor (M), and described motor (M) supplies electric energy by described generator (G).
7. the station according to Claims 1-4, is characterized in that, for be recovered in reduce the pressure of described gas during the described device for mechanical of mechanical power (WM) that produces be connected to described compression set (C1, C2, C3; C).
8. station according to claim 7, is characterized in that, provides auxiliary motor (M), for driving described compression set (C1, C2, C3).
9. station according to any one of claim 1 to 8, is characterized in that, described refrigeration system uses the cold-producing medium being selected from the mixture of nitrogen and/or hydrocarbon.
10. station according to any one of claim 1 to 9, is characterized in that, described refrigeration system comprises compressor and/or Radial Flow expander.
11. stations according to any one of claim 1 to 10, it is characterized in that, described station comprises for the device (8,36) by adsorbing and/or absorb to process described natural gas, and described Plant arrangement is in the upstream of the described device (14) for gas described in condensation.
CN201480009656.8A 2013-02-20 2014-02-20 Station for reducing gas pressure and liquefying gas Pending CN105209841A (en)

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FR1300380A FR3002311B1 (en) 2013-02-20 2013-02-20 DEVICE FOR LIQUEFACTING GAS, IN PARTICULAR NATURAL GAS
PCT/FR2014/050349 WO2014128408A2 (en) 2013-02-20 2014-02-20 Station for reducing gas pressure and liquefying gas

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