CN105203639B - A method of detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission - Google Patents
A method of detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission Download PDFInfo
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- CN105203639B CN105203639B CN201410261885.0A CN201410261885A CN105203639B CN 105203639 B CN105203639 B CN 105203639B CN 201410261885 A CN201410261885 A CN 201410261885A CN 105203639 B CN105203639 B CN 105203639B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to petroleum works technical fields, more particularly to petroleum works hydraulic fracturing reservoir rock brittleness experimental method.In order to overcome existing rock brittleness method of determination and evaluation applicability poor and require experimental facilities condition high defect, the present invention provides a kind of method and apparatus detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission.Described device includes Material Testing Machine, sound emission acquisition system, ultrasonic sensor, cable；The Material Testing Machine loads sample, and acoustical signal is simultaneously inputted sound emission acquisition system by the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic sensor monitoring sample is sent out, and the sound emission acquisition system handles acoustic emission parameters.The ring number of synchronous acquisition is handled using sound emission acquisition system, the brittleness of rock is judged according to ring quantity and time relationship, the rising form of total ring number.This method and device can quickly, it is easy, accurately detect each rocks brittleness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to petroleum works technical fields, are tested more particularly to petroleum works hydraulic fracturing reservoir rock brittleness
Method.
Background technology
Hydraulic fracturing technology is the important means for improving well yield, is transformed recently as North America shale gas hydraulic fracturing
The innovation of theory and technological measure so that the economical and effective of a large amount of unconventionaloil pools is developed into possibility.Wherein rock brittleness is joined
Number be hydraulic fracturing well and story selecting and hydraulic fracturing preferably, the basis of design.
Foreign countries are using Rickman as representative, in SPE associations 2008SPE Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition meeting papers " A Practical Use of Shale Petrophysics for Stimulation
Design Optimization:In All Shale Plays Are Not Clones of the Barnett Shale ", needle
The concept that brittleness index is proposed to shale is used to instruct scene, but since its brittleness index used is to use Young's modulus and pool
Pine determines than the content of two elastic parameters or " brittle mineral ", and the brittleness of rock is and destroys relevant parameter, two kinds
The method of brittleness is calculated without the property for reflecting the rock failure mechanism of rock, therefore its applicability is restricted, i.e., in external some regions
Shale in strong applicability, and it is poor to other regions, other lithology applicabilities.
For the method for rock brittleness evaluation, domestic scholars propose new measurement method, and representative document is《Rock power
It learns and engineering journal》" the brittle indoor evaluation method of shale and improvement ", the predominantly whole English teaching based on rock
Characteristic parameter measure characterization rock brittleness, characteristic parameter is mainly the peak strength and residual strength of rock.But due to obtaining
Obtaining whole English teaching requires height, conventional press to be difficult to obtain rock Post peak Characteristic press rigidity, control system, therefore
It is difficult to obtain whole English teaching, it is more such especially for shale.
In summary two methods, at present technical problem underlying existing for rock brittleness method of determination and evaluation include：
(1) applicability is not strong, and method is only applicable in the shale of certain areas at present, and suitable to the evaluation of remaining lithology brittleness
It is poor with property；
(2) height is required to experimental facilities condition, complicated for operation, success rate is low.
Invention content
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rock is detected using acoustic-emission
The method and apparatus of brittleness.This method and device can quickly, it is easy, accurately detect each rocks brittleness.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme：
A method of rock brittleness being detected using acoustic-emission, its feature is that described method includes following steps：
(1) core sample is prepared；
(2) core sample is installed in Material Testing Machine, ultrasonic sensor coupling is fixed on rock core；
(3) ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system are connected；
(4) core sample is carried out using Material Testing Machine being loaded onto destruction, and is synchronized and is adopted using sound emission acquisition system
Collect the acoustic emission parameters in entire loading procedure；The acoustic emission parameters include ring number, total ring number, rise time parameter；
(5) the ring number of synchronous acquisition is handled using sound emission acquisition system, is closed according to ring quantity and time
It is, the rising form of total ring number judges the brittleness of rock.Total ring number rises for step, and the brittleness of rock is strong；Total ring
Number is that ramp type rises, and the brittleness of rock is weak.
The acoustic emission parameters further include the waveform of ultrasonic wave, energy.The sound emission acquisition system includes computer.Institute
It includes outer parameter input end to state sound emission acquisition system.
For the strong rock of brittleness, early period, acoustie emission event was few, and total ring number (accumulative ring number) is that step rises, i.e.,
Rock is explosive destroys；For the weak rock of brittleness, acoustie emission event persistently occurs, and adds up ring number and rises for ramp type,
I.e. rock is the micro- destruction of duration.
It requires to be processed rock core length, the depth of parallelism and its end face according to International Rock mechanics association Rock Mechanics Test
Processing, is prepared core sample.
In the above method, core sample is loaded by uniaxial or triaxial compressions using conventional material testing machine.
In the above method, ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system are connected using cable.The cable is
Single coaxial shielded cable.
Further, in the above-mentioned method for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, in the step (3), single is utilized
Coaxial shielded cable connects ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system, and the sound emission acquisition system setting is corresponding
Channel parameter.
Further, described corresponding in the step (3) in the above-mentioned method for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission
Channel parameter includes：Sound emission acquisition threshold value, peak value defines the time, ring defines the time, ring blocking time and maximum are held
Continuous time etc..Such as：Sound emission acquisition threshold value is set as 30dB, and peak value defines the time and is set as 200 microseconds, and ring defines the time
(Hit defines the time) is set as 800 microseconds, and ring blocking time (Hit blocking times) is set as 100 microseconds, and the maximum duration sets
It is 50 milliseconds.
Further, in the above-mentioned method for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, described method includes following steps：
(1) core sample is prepared；
(2) core sample is installed in Material Testing Machine, ultrasonic sensor coupling is fixed on rock core, and in rock core
Axial, radial strain rule are installed on sample；
(3) ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system are connected using single coaxial shielded cable, and set
The respective channel parameter of sound emission acquisition system；Strain gauge and sound emission acquisition system are connected；By Material Testing Machine with
Sound emission acquisition system connects；The synchronism output parameter (such as stress and displacement) of the Material Testing Machine inputs sound emission
The outer parameter input end of acquisition system；
(4) core sample is carried out using Material Testing Machine being loaded onto destruction, and is synchronized and is adopted using sound emission acquisition system
Collect the acoustic emission parameters and stress-strain parameter in entire loading procedure；The acoustic emission parameters include ring number, total ring
Number, total ring number rise time parameter；
(5) sound emission acquisition system handles stress-strain parameter, the ring number parameter of synchronous acquisition, according to it
Ring quantity judges the brittleness of rock with time relationship, the rising form of total ring number.
To high rigidity material, Material Testing Machine can be used suitable load mode and obtain whole English teaching.
The above-mentioned method for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, is from the essence of rock brittleness, based on rock
Characteristics of Acoustic Emission characterizes the brittleness of rock.
Further, in the above-mentioned method for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, the ultrasonic sensor acquisition is super
Sound wave bandwidth is 50KHz-750KHz.Further, the sound emission acquisition system sample frequency is 10-40MHz.
Further, in the above-mentioned method for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, in the step (2), in rock core table
Symmetrically place 2-6 ultrasonic sensor in face.Further, 4 ultrasonic sensors are symmetrically placed in core surface.
The present invention also provides a kind of device detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, its feature is：Described device packet
Include Material Testing Machine, sound emission acquisition system, ultrasonic sensor, cable；The ultrasonic sensor is sent out by cable and sound
Penetrate acquisition system connection.The cable is single coaxial shielded cable.
The Material Testing Machine loads sample, and the ultrasonic wave that ultrasonic sensor monitoring sample is sent out simultaneously sends out sound
Signal input sound emission acquisition system is penetrated, the sound emission acquisition system handles collected acoustic emission parameters.
It is described using acoustic-emission detect rock brittleness device can to the acoustic emission signal of rock carry out signal acquisition,
Storage, analysis and processing.
The process that rock brittleness is detected using above-mentioned apparatus is as follows：The Material Testing Machine loads sample, ultrasound
Wave sensor synchronizes the ultrasonic wave that reception sample is sent out and is converted into electric signal, and sound emission acquisition system receives ultrasonic sensor
The electric signal that transmits simultaneously is handled, to obtain acoustic emission parameters, such as ring number and total ring number, and to its further into
Row processing, obtains ring number and the relation curve of time, further obtains the relation curve of total ring number and time.Ring number with
The ultrasonic wave that sample is sent out is corresponding, and the ultrasonic frequency that sample is sent out is higher, and the ring number that sound emission acquisition system is shown is got over
It is more.
Further, in the above-mentioned device for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, described device further includes strain gauge,
Strain gauge is connect by cable with sound emission acquisition system.Material Testing Machine loads sample, ultrasonic sensor monitoring
Acoustic emission signal is simultaneously inputted sound emission acquisition system by ultrasonic wave that sample is sent out, and the strain parameter that strain gauge monitors sample simultaneously will
Strain signal inputs sound emission acquisition system, synchronism output parameter (such as stress and displacement) input sound hair of the Material Testing Machine
Penetrate the outer parameter input end of acquisition system；The sound emission acquisition system to acoustic emission parameters and stress-strain parameter at
Reason.
Further, in the above-mentioned device for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, the sound emission acquisition system is real
When synchronous acquisition acoustic emission parameters and Material Testing Machine pressure (stress) parameter, strain gauge strain parameter.
Further, the sound emission acquisition system sample frequency is 10-40MHz.Preferably, sound emission acquisition system
System sample frequency is 20-40MHz.It is further preferred that the sound emission acquisition system sample frequency is 30-40MHz.
Further, the ultrasonic sensor acquisition ultrasonic wave bandwidth is 50KHz-750KHz.
Further, in the above-mentioned device for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, the ruler of the ultrasonic sensor
Very little small, frequency range is big.The ultrasonic sensor is cylinder, and acquisition ultrasonic wave bandwidth is 50KHz-750KHz.
Further, in the above-mentioned device for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, the Material Testing Machine is 500KN
Material Testing Machine；The sound emission acquisition system sample frequency is 10-40MHz, and the system dead time is short；The ultrasonic sensor
For cylinder, size is：Diameter 8mm, high 8mm, acquisition ultrasonic wave bandwidth are 50KHz-750KHz.
Dead time is the minimum interval that can distinguish two events (or pulse).The system dead time is mainly by adopting
Collection ability and electronic processing capacity determine.
The sampling system record data volume of sound emission acquisition system is very big.This will be produced in data transmission and storing process
Raw a large amount of " dead times ", (all data were needed from the Cache of data collecting system, and meter is transferred to by communication interface
On the external memory of calculation machine.Data transfer needs to occupy the comparable time, and in transfer process, entire acquisition system, which is in, closes
Wait state, therefore it is referred to as " dead time " this period).But in Rock Failure failure stage, frequency occurs for acoustie emission event
It is thousands of time that degree is likely to be breached each second, it is possible to create bursty data amount be up to millions of bytes per second.From Cache
It is middle in such huge data volume high speed transfer to the peripheral storage device of computer, can be due to being made there are a large amount of dead time
At a large amount of sound emission data are lost, subsequent analysis is made to generate very large deviation.Therefore need the system dead time short.
The device provided by the invention that rock brittleness is detected using acoustic-emission is had the following advantages：1, simple in structure, behaviour
Make simplicity, Material Testing Machine is required low；2, applied widely, it can accurately and efficiently detect the brittleness of all kinds of lithology rocks.
The method provided by the invention for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission rock brittleness is evaluated it is adaptable, since it is from rock
The essence of brittleness is set out, and is characterized to the brittleness of rock based on the characteristics of Acoustic Emission of rock, can accurately and efficiently be detected each
The brittleness of class lithology rock, and it is evaluated.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the device provided by the invention that rock brittleness is detected using acoustic-emission；
Fig. 2 is the variation characteristic figure of typical brittle rock acoustic emission parameters；
In Fig. 2, abscissa is time (unit：Second), ordinate is ring number, total ring number, stress；
Fig. 3 is the variation characteristic figure of typical non-brittle Acoustic Emission of Rock parameter.
In Fig. 3, abscissa is time (unit：Second), ordinate is ring number, total ring number, stress.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, the device provided by the invention that rock brittleness is detected using acoustic-emission, including Material Testing Machine 1,
Sound emission acquisition system 2, ultrasonic sensor 3, cable 4, the ultrasonic sensor 3 are by cable 4 and sound emission acquisition
2 connection of system.Device provided by the invention can also include strain gauge (not shown).
A kind of to evaluate rock brittleness method using acoustic-emission, it includes the following steps：
(1) it requires to carry out 5 length of rock core, the depth of parallelism and its end face according to International Rock mechanics association Rock Mechanics Test
Working process；
(2) rock core installation is carried out according to Fig. 1, ultrasonic sensor 3 is coupled on fixed and rock core 5, and axial direction, diameter are installed
To strain gauge (not shown)；
(3) ultrasonic sensor 3 and sound emission acquisition system 2 are connected using single coaxial shielded cable 4, will be answered
Become rule to connect with sound emission acquisition system 2, and sets respective channel parameter；
(4) core sample 5 is carried out using Material Testing Machine 1 being loaded onto destruction, to high rigidity material, testing machine can be used
Suitable load mode obtains whole English teaching, and the acoustic emission parameters in the entire loading procedure of synchronous acquisition, including shakes
The characteristic parameters such as bell, rise time；
(5) stress of synchronous acquisition, ring number are handled, according to its ring quantity and time relationship, total ring number
Rising form judge the brittleness of rock.For the strong rock of brittleness, early period, acoustie emission event was few, total ring number (accumulative ring
Number) be that step rises, i.e., rock is explosive destroys；For the weak rock of brittleness, acoustie emission event persistently occurs, total ring
Number (accumulative ring number) is that ramp type rises, i.e., rock is the micro- destruction of duration.
It is 50mm to take length, the rock core 5 of a diameter of 25mm carries out uniaxial compression experiment, using 500KN Material Testing Machine；
2 sample frequency 40MHz of sound emission acquisition system, system dead time are short；4 supersonic sensings are symmetrically placed on 5 surface of rock core
Device, size are diameter 8mm, the cylinder of high 8mm, bandwidth 50KHz-750KHz.
The parameter of sound emission acquisition system when specific experiment：Sound emission acquisition threshold value is set as 30dB, and peak value defines the time
It is set as 200 microseconds, Hit defines the time and is set as 800 microseconds, and Hit blocking times are set as 100 microseconds, and the maximum duration is set as 50
Millisecond.
Embodiment 3 and embodiment 4 are verified to the feasibility of method and apparatus provided by the invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of device detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, described device include Material Testing Machine 1, sound emission acquisition
System 2, ultrasonic sensor 3, single coaxial shielded cable 4, the ultrasonic sensor 3 pass through single coaxial shielded cable 4
It is connect with sound emission acquisition system 2.The ultrasonic sensor 3 is cylinder, and size is：Diameter 8mm, high 8mm, acquisition ultrasound
Wavestrip width is 50KHz-750KHz.The Material Testing Machine 1 is 500KN Material Testing Machine；The sound emission acquisition system sampling
Frequency is 40MHz, and the system dead time is short.
In use, the Material Testing Machine 1 loads sample 5, the monitoring sample 5 of ultrasonic sensor 3 sends out super
Acoustic emission signal is simultaneously inputted sound emission acquisition system 2 by sound wave, and the sound emission acquisition system 2 is to collected acoustic emission parameters
It is handled.
Embodiment 2
A kind of device detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, described device include Material Testing Machine 1, sound emission acquisition
System 2, ultrasonic sensor 3, single coaxial shielded cable 4, the ultrasonic sensor 3 are acquired by cable 4 and sound emission
System 2 connects.Described device further includes strain gauge, and strain gauge is connect by cable with sound emission acquisition system 2.The material examination
It is 500KN Material Testing Machine to test machine；The sound emission acquisition system sample frequency is 40MHz, and the system dead time is short；The ultrasound
Wave sensor is cylinder, and size is：Diameter 8mm, high 8mm, acquisition ultrasonic wave bandwidth are 50KHz-750KHz.
In use, Material Testing Machine 1 loads sample 5, the ultrasonic wave that the monitoring sample of ultrasonic sensor 3 is sent out is simultaneously
By acoustic emission signal input sound emission acquisition system 2, strain gauge monitors the strain parameter of sample and sends out strain signal input sound
Acquisition system 2 is penetrated, the synchronism output parameter (such as stress and displacement) of the Material Testing Machine inputs the outer of sound emission acquisition system 2
Parameter input end；2 real-time synchronization of the sound emission acquisition system acquisition acoustic emission parameters and Material Testing Machine pressure (stress) ginseng
Number, strain gauge strain parameter.
Embodiment 3
The device provided using embodiment 2 is carried out brittleness detection to somewhere shale using method provided by the invention and commented
Valence is tested.Fig. 2 be test experience as a result, as shown in Fig. 2, early period acoustie emission event it is few, total ring number (accumulative ring number) is
Step rises, i.e., rock is explosive destruction, illustrates that the rock is the strong rock of brittleness.Stress curve in Fig. 2 shows
After stress reaches peak value in loading procedure, the residual strength after rock is destroyed is extremely low, and the extent of the destruction of rock is high.That is, from
Characteristics of Acoustic Emission can obviously obtain that rock brittleness is strong, this is almost the same with the result obtained using whole English teaching；Scene
Micro-seismic monitoring hydraulic fracturing forms complicated seam net form state crack, this also indicates that this area's shale rock brittleness is strong.
Embodiment 4
The device provided using embodiment 2 is carried out brittleness detection to somewhere sandstone using method provided by the invention and commented
Valence is tested.Fig. 3 is test experience as a result, as shown in figure 3, acoustie emission event persistently occurs, total ring number (accumulative ring number)
Rise for ramp type, i.e., rock is the micro- destruction of duration, illustrates that the rock is the weak rock of brittleness.Stress curve table in Fig. 3
Bright, after stress reaches peak value in loading procedure, rock is destroyed that rear residual strength is higher, and the extent of the destruction of rock is low.That is, from
Characteristics of Acoustic Emission sees that the rock obviously shows as that brittleness is weak, this is almost the same with the result obtained using whole English teaching；
Live micro-seismic monitoring hydraulic fracturing forms symmetrical double-vane and simply stitches, and equally confirms that the rock brittleness is weak.
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described above in association with attached drawing, but these explanations cannot be understood to limit
The scope of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention are limited by appended claims, any in the claims in the present invention base
Change on plinth is all within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
(1) core sample is prepared；
(2) core sample is installed in Material Testing Machine, ultrasonic sensor coupling is fixed on rock core；
(3) ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system are connected；
(4) core sample is carried out using Material Testing Machine being loaded onto destruction, and whole using sound emission acquisition system synchronous acquisition
Acoustic emission parameters in a loading procedure；The acoustic emission parameters include ring number, total ring number, rise time parameter；
(5) the ring number of synchronous acquisition is handled using sound emission acquisition system, according to ring quantity and time relationship, total
The rising form of ring number judges the brittleness of rock；Total ring number rises for step, and the brittleness of rock is strong；Total ring number is oblique
Slope formula rises, and the brittleness of rock is weak；
In the step (2), 2-6 ultrasonic sensor is symmetrically placed in core surface；
In the step (3), ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system are connected using single coaxial shielded cable,
The sound emission acquisition system sets respective channel parameter；
In the step (3), the respective channel parameter includes：Sound emission acquisition threshold value, peak value define time, ring definition
Time, ring blocking time and maximum duration.
2. the method according to claim 1 for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, which is characterized in that the method packet
Include following steps：
(1) core sample is prepared；
(2) core sample is installed in Material Testing Machine, ultrasonic sensor coupling is fixed on rock core, and in core sample
Upper installation is axial, radial strain is advised；
(3) ultrasonic sensor and sound emission acquisition system are connected using single coaxial shielded cable, and setting sound is sent out
Penetrate the respective channel parameter of acquisition system；Strain gauge and sound emission acquisition system are connected；By the synchronization of Material Testing Machine
Output parameter inputs the outer parameter input end of sound emission acquisition system；
(4) core sample is carried out using Material Testing Machine being loaded onto destruction, and whole using sound emission acquisition system synchronous acquisition
Acoustic emission parameters in a loading procedure and stress-strain parameter；The acoustic emission parameters include ring number, total ring number, always
Ring number rise time parameter；
(5) sound emission acquisition system handles stress-strain parameter, the ring number parameter of synchronous acquisition, according to its ring
Quantity judges the brittleness of rock with time relationship, the rising form of total ring number.
3. the method according to claim 1 for detecting rock brittleness using acoustic-emission, which is characterized in that the ultrasonic wave
It is 50KHz-750KHz that sensor, which acquires ultrasonic wave bandwidth,；The sound emission acquisition system sample frequency is 10-40MHz.
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| CN106323749B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2019-09-20 | 北京斯迪莱铂油气技术有限公司 | A kind of device and method of quantitative analysis rock brittleness |
| CN107192762B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2020-06-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Equipment for coal sample on-site ultrasonic detection |
| CN107664662B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2023-12-22 | 西安交通工程学院 | Long-distance steel rail damage detector |
| CN110318743B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2022-06-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Fracturing simulation test method and device for thin interbed shale oil reservoir |
| CN109490421A (en) * | 2018-12-18 | 2019-03-19 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | Anti-interference noise-reducing design method suitable for Piezoelectric acoustic emission monitor(ing) sensor |
| CN109612840B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2021-03-09 | 东北大学 | Experimental device and method for obtaining post-peak curve and residual strength of brittle rock |
| CN109828031B (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2021-07-23 | 西南石油大学 | Rock brittleness evaluation method and device |
| CN117589890B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-03-26 | 四川省自然资源勘察设计集团有限公司 | Rock collapse early warning method and system based on acoustic emission characteristics |
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