CN105201506A - Ore mining method adopting reinforcement before connection and filling after connection - Google Patents
Ore mining method adopting reinforcement before connection and filling after connection Download PDFInfo
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- CN105201506A CN105201506A CN201510560777.8A CN201510560777A CN105201506A CN 105201506 A CN105201506 A CN 105201506A CN 201510560777 A CN201510560777 A CN 201510560777A CN 105201506 A CN105201506 A CN 105201506A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ore mining method adopting reinforcement before connection and filling after connection. The method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging underground dry type filling stations, and respectively arranging a plurality of filling stations in the upper surrounding rock of an ore body, in positions parallel to the two sides of upper and lower ore flats of the ore body; (2) arranging filling draw shafts, and arranging a plurality of filling draw shafts at the two sides of the upper and lower ore flats of the ore body along the ore body strike, wherein the upper ends of the filling draw shafts are next to the dry type filling stations, and the lower ends of the filling draw shafts directly reach the ore body; (3) excavating a self-stabilizing roadway group; (4) using a non-pillar sublevel caving method for performing stope preparation arrangement on the ore body; (5) using a segmented height determining method identical to the non-pillar sublevel caving method for segmenting the ore body; (6) using the non-pillar sublevel caving method for mining; (7) performing filling; (8) repeating the step (6) and the step (7) until the ore body is totally mined from top to bottom and the filling is completed. The mining method has the advantages of high efficiency, safety, great productivity and the like of the non-pillar sublevel caving method, and can also effectively avoid the defect of ground surface subsidence and the like due to the caving method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of underground mining method, before the heir particularly for a kind of buried high-dipping middle thickness orebody, reinforce the mining methods of afterwards filling.
Background technology
At present, non-pillar sublevel caving mining methods are most widely used at underground mine.It is simple that this kind of method has structure compared with additive method, and flexibility is high, and safety is good, and mining preparation work amount is little, and process for stoping is simple, mechanization degree advantages of higher, but the most basic applicable elements of the method is that earth's surface allows to subside.Now due to the continuous innovation of national policy, increasing mining area surface does not allow to subside, and such sublevel caving method without sill pillar just loses its applicable elements, and its outstanding advantage also can not get playing.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the technical problem of above-mentioned proposition, the mining methods of afterwards filling are reinforced before the invention provides a kind of heir, mainly for the exploitation of buried high-dipping middle thickness orebody, these mining methods had both had efficient, advantage, the shortcomings such as the subsidence can effectively avoiding Caving Method with Large Space to cause again such as safety, production capacity are large of sublevel caving method without sill pillar.
The technical solution used in the present invention is:
Reinforce mining methods for afterwards filling before heir, comprise the steps:
1) dry stowing station, underground is set, in the country rock of ore body top, parallel ore bodies upper lower burrs both sides and several Filling Station is set respectively along orebody trend;
2) arrange filling drop shaft, arrange several filling drop shaft along orebody trend in ore body upper lower burrs both sides, the and then dry stowing station, upper end of filling drop shaft, go directly ore body in lower end;
3) dig from steady roadway group, dig in the country rock of ore body top several be parallel to orebody trend from steady tunnel, should from steady roadway group in upper country rock in fan-like pattern arrange;
4) development layout, adopts the adopt accurate technique similar to sublevel caving method without sill pillar to carry out development layout to ore body;
5) adopt the height of lift defining method identical with sublevel caving method without sill pillar to carry out step-by-step arrangement to ore body, ore body is divided into the 1st, 2 from top to bottom ... n section;
6) dig up mine, adopt sublevel caving method without sill pillar to exploit to the 1st section of ore body, in stope drift active workings, carry out drawing back, a working cycles: complete the long and medium hole drilling of an ore caving interval ore body, powder charge, explosion and ore removal operation;
7) filling, adopts dry stowing material to split goaf through Filling Station and filling drop shaft and carries out filling operation;
8) step 6 is repeated) and 7) until ore body whole extraction from top to down filling is complete.
Above-mentioned mining methods, step 2) in filling drop shaft angle of slope be with respect to the horizontal plane α, 45 ° of < α≤60 ° (because the natural repose angle of broken ore and dry stowing material is all within 45 °).
Above-mentioned mining methods, step 3) in Bolt be all set in every bar tunnel carry out supporting.
Above-mentioned mining methods, step 4) be specially, according to ore stability and the adaptable height of rock drilling apparatus of middle deep hole that adopts, adopt the height of lift defining method determination ore body height of lift identical with sublevel caving method without sill pillar, stope drift active workings are arranged along orebody trend, adjacent stope drift active workings interlaced arrangement, the plan mining body that every bar stope drift active workings are undertaken is rhombogen.
Above-mentioned mining methods, step 7) filling, do not need to carry out filling at the mining operations initial stage, top ore body according to after sublevel caving method without sill pillar mining operations, at the formation certain volume that can automatically collapse from the country rock between steady roadway group and ore body upper bound from steady dead zone, and form covering layer on ore body, along with constantly moving down of mining operations face, continue from steady dead zone to become large, until after steady dead zone arrives safety and stability value, then start packing job.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. this invention is compared with sublevel caving method without sill pillar, because form of structure Harvesting equipment is identical, therefore there is safety, efficient, ability large, low cost and other advantages; And the present invention is along with the carrying out of actual mining, dry stowing is carried out to goaf, continue to maintain certain volume from steady dead zone, prevent dead zone volume excessive, ensure that the lasting formation from steady roadway group " pressure arch " effect in the country rock of top, effectively prevent the problem that earth's surface avalanche is subsided.
2. the present invention adopts dry filling method, compares with consolidated fill with hydraulic fill, and dry stowing is with low cost, mining activity can be carried out immediately after packing job, do not need to wait for the dehydration of hydraulic fill and the maintenance of consolidated fill, while ensuring personal safety, also improve mining efficiency.
3. the present invention adopts permanent filling drop shaft to carry out dry stowing, eliminates the layout of various filling pipeline, greatly reduces cost and be also easy to maintenance management, and the drop shaft group that is arranged in parallel of upper lower burrs can operation simultaneously, substantially increases pack effectiveness.
4. the present invention is in the country rock of ore body top, and dig fan-like pattern in advance and arrange the roadway group being parallel to orebody trend, each tunnel is all carried out supporting with Bolt and reached certain supporting intensity.Due to the high stress of buried ore body country rock, the roadway layout of covering of the fan shape defines " pressure arch " effect automatically, serves support effect to the deadweight of overlying rock and high stress.When the ore body under steady roadway group carries out Caving Method with Large Space mining, even if the avalanche that country rock occurs between roadway group and ore body is collapsed, due to " pressure arch " effect, roadway group bottom row has become one piece can continue to keep from steady dead zone, and the country rock of top avalanche can not occur and collapses, so just effectively prevent because ore body top country rock continues the surface subsidence problem caused that collapses.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the mining structure schematic diagram along orebody trend in the mining methods of reinforcing afterwards filling before a kind of heir of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is A-A generalized section in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is B-B generalized section in Fig. 1.
Wherein 1-Filling Station, 2-is from steady tunnel, and 3-is from steady dead zone, and 4-ore body coboundary, 5-Bolt, 6-filling drop shaft, 7-gob, 8-is upper to fanhole(s), 9-ore body, 10-stope drift active workings.
Detailed description of the invention
Reinforce mining methods for afterwards filling before heir, comprise the steps:
1) dry stowing station, underground is set
Apart from ore body coboundary 4 certain distance, in the country rock of ore body 9 top, move towards along ore body 9, be parallel to ore body 9 upper lower burrs both sides and dry stowing station, underground, many places 1 is set every a segment distance (this distance is depending on concrete orebody trend length), use for underground dry stowing parallel operations.
2) filling drop shaft is set
Move towards in ore body upper lower burrs both sides along ore body 9, and then underground dry stowing station 1 is dug inclination angle and is greater than the filling drop shaft 6 that 45 degree are less than or equal to 60 degree, until sensible ore body 9, filling drop shaft 6 afterbody directly contacts with ore body 9, and this filling drop shaft 6 is as the circuit of later stage dry stowing.Move towards along ore body 9, this filling drop shaft 6 and dry stowing station 1 cooperatively interact and are parallel to orebody trend every certain unit distance and arrange, become the parallel filling drop shaft 6 groups that ore body 9 upper lower burrs both sides exist, can simultaneously parallel operations in dry stowing work afterwards, greatly improve pack effectiveness.
3) dig from steady tunnel
Dig from 2 groups, steady tunnel formation " pressure arch " effect in advance, in the country rock of ore body 9 top, in advance dig fan-like pattern arrange be parallel to orebody trend from 2 groups, steady tunnel, each all uses Bolt 5 carry out supporting and reach certain supporting intensity from steady tunnel 2.Due to the high stress of buried ore body country rock, the roadway layout of covering of the fan shape forms " pressure arch " effect automatically, serves support effect to the deadweight of overlying rock and high stress.When the ore body 9 under 2 groups, steady tunnel carries out Caving Method with Large Space mining, even if collapse from the avalanche that country rock occurs between 2 groups, steady tunnel and ore body 9, due to " pressure arch " effect, one piece of dead zone 3 that can continue to keep self firm still can be formed from below, 2 groups, steady tunnel, and the country rock of top avalanche can not occur and collapses, so just effectively prevent because ore body 9 top country rock continues the surface subsidence problem caused that collapses.
4) development layout
Top is after 2 groups, steady tunnel cutting layout completes, and the ore actual mining design of bottom is basic and sublevel caving method without sill pillar is similar.According to ore stability and the current adaptable height of rock drilling apparatus of middle deep hole, and then ore body upper bound adopts the height of lift defining method determination ore body identical with sublevel caving method without sill pillar to divide segment distance.Along orebody trend horizontal arrangement stope drift active workings 10, adjacent stope drift active workings 10 interlaced arrangement, the plan mining body that every bar stope drift active workings 10 are undertaken is rhombogen.
5) adopt the height of lift defining method identical with sublevel caving method without sill pillar to carry out segmentation to ore body, ore body is divided into the 1st, 2 from top to bottom ... n section.
6) dig up mine
Implement a point section mining.Back production: actual mining is similar to sublevel caving method without sill pillar is all carry out drawing back in the route of stope drift active workings, completes the ore body long and medium hole drilling of an ore caving interval, powder charge, explosion, ore removal operation by extracting drift.On arrange to fanhole(s) 8: in stope drift active workings 10 on ore caving interval vertical stope drift active workings 10 top board is dug to fanhole(s) 8, for carrying out charge explosion.
7) filling
Filling Station 1 and filling drop shaft 6 pairs of dead zones are utilized to carry out filling operation, at the mining operations initial stage, from the country rock between steady roadway group and ore body can automatically collapse formed certain volume from steady dead zone 3, country rock forms covering layer on ore body 9, this covering layer is that follow-up ore body 9 proceeds Caving Method with Large Space mining formation condition, this stage need not carry out packing job, because " pressure arch " effect formed from 2 groups, steady tunnel can maintain the formation from steady dead zone 3 of certain volume size, but along with constantly moving down of mining operations face, large from the lasting change of steady dead zone, " pressure arch " effect cannot maintain stablizing from steady dead zone again, in order to ensure the lasting maintenance of " pressure arch " effect, packing job needed to start to carry out in this stage.This stage, complete the ore removal operation of an ore caving interval at extracting drift after, the dry stowing material of suitable particle size is selected to carry out filling by deadweight to dead zone through filling drop shaft by dry stowing station, underground, ensure the stationary value substantially remaining on a safety from the dead zone volume of 2 groups of bottoms, steady tunnel, make to continue from steady space to keep stable, avoid the destructions such as surface subsidence.
8), after completing the filling operation of an ore caving interval, the next ore caving interval of back production, repeats above-mentioned two steps, until a complete back production of segmentation and filling complete.
9) next the operation of back production and filling is extended to next segment level, repeats above-mentioned steps and proceed back production and filling operation.By that analogy, until ore body all extraction filling is complete from top to bottom.
These mining methods have carried out experimental applications, Be very effective at Anshan iron ore test stope, and achievement is given prominence to, and proves its feasibility.
Claims (5)
1. reinforce mining methods for afterwards filling before heir, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
1) dry stowing station, underground is set, in the country rock of ore body top, parallel ore bodies upper lower burrs both sides and several Filling Station is set respectively along orebody trend;
2) arrange filling drop shaft, arrange several filling drop shaft along orebody trend in ore body upper lower burrs both sides, the and then dry stowing station, upper end of filling drop shaft, go directly ore body in lower end;
3) dig from steady roadway group, dig in the country rock of ore body top several be parallel to orebody trend from steady tunnel, should from steady roadway group in upper country rock in fan-shaped layout;
4) development layout, adopts the adopt accurate technique similar to sublevel caving method without sill pillar to carry out development layout to ore body;
5) adopt the height of lift defining method identical with sublevel caving method without sill pillar to carry out step-by-step arrangement to ore body, ore body is divided into the 1st, 2 from top to bottom ... n section;
6) dig up mine, adopt sublevel caving method without sill pillar to exploit to the 1st section of ore body, in stope drift active workings, carry out drawing back, a working cycles: complete the long and medium hole drilling of an ore caving interval ore body, powder charge, explosion and ore removal operation;
7) filling, adopts dry stowing material to split goaf through Filling Station and filling drop shaft and carries out filling operation;
8) step 6 is repeated) and 7) until ore body whole extraction from top to down filling is complete.
2. reinforce the mining methods of afterwards filling before a kind of heir according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 2) in filling drop shaft angle of slope be with respect to the horizontal plane α, 45 ° of < α≤60 °.
3. reinforce the mining methods of afterwards filling before a kind of heir according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3) in Bolt be all set in every bar tunnel carry out supporting.
4. before a kind of heir according to claim 1, reinforce the mining methods of afterwards filling, it is characterized in that, step 4) be specially, according to ore stability and the adaptable height of rock drilling apparatus of middle deep hole that adopts, adopt the height of lift defining method determination ore body height of lift identical with sublevel caving method without sill pillar, arrange stope drift active workings along orebody trend, adjacent stope drift active workings interlaced arrangement, the plan mining body that every bar stope drift active workings are undertaken is rhombogen.
5. before a kind of heir according to claim 1, reinforce the mining methods of afterwards filling, it is characterized in that, step 7) filling, do not need to carry out filling at the mining operations initial stage, top ore body is according to after sublevel caving method without sill pillar mining operations, at the formation certain volume that can automatically collapse from the country rock between steady roadway group and ore body upper bound from steady dead zone, and covering layer is formed on ore body, along with constantly moving down of mining operations face, continue from steady dead zone to become large, until after steady dead zone arrives safety and stability value, then start packing job.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN105909247A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-08-31 | 西南科技大学 | Non-pillar sublevel mining cemented filling mining method |
| CN106121647A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-16 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for centralized recovery of lag pillars through fractional blasting |
| CN106223955A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-14 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Rhombic bench cemented filling mining method |
| CN107605486A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-19 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of mining methods suitable for deep metal mine |
| CN108398235A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-14 | 东北大学 | A kind of adjustable gently inclined medium thick orebody ore drawing experimental rig |
| CN109490499B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-02-05 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Dynamic monitoring and predicting method for water quality of filling body |
| CN113047835A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-29 | 中南大学 | Deep well thick and large ore body mining method integrating emptying, caving and filling |
| CN113187481A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 辽宁科技大学 | Filling mining method for overburden rock concentrated grouting caving stoping |
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| CN101881169A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Sublevel shrinkage caving stage open stope afterwards filling mining method |
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| CN102587915A (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2012-07-18 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Induction caving mining method under artificial false roof |
| CN103437769A (en) * | 2013-09-06 | 2013-12-11 | 中南大学 | Medium-length hole ore breaking synergistic anchor cable support subsequent filling mining method of combined reconstructed structural body |
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| CN101737052A (en) * | 2009-12-28 | 2010-06-16 | 河北邯邢矿冶设计院有限公司 | Sublevel fill-mining method |
| CN101881169A (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2010-11-10 | 东北大学 | Sublevel shrinkage caving stage open stope afterwards filling mining method |
| CN102261248A (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2011-11-30 | 辽宁科技大学 | Sill-pillar-free stage caving stopping method based on creasing-type structure |
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105909247A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-08-31 | 西南科技大学 | Non-pillar sublevel mining cemented filling mining method |
| CN106121647A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-11-16 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Method for centralized recovery of lag pillars through fractional blasting |
| CN106223955A (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2016-12-14 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Rhombic bench cemented filling mining method |
| CN106223955B (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2018-09-28 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Rhombic bench cemented filling mining method |
| CN107605486A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-19 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of mining methods suitable for deep metal mine |
| CN107605486B (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-05-31 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of mining methods suitable for deep metal mine |
| CN108398235A (en) * | 2018-03-20 | 2018-08-14 | 东北大学 | A kind of adjustable gently inclined medium thick orebody ore drawing experimental rig |
| CN109490499B (en) * | 2018-11-15 | 2021-02-05 | 长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司 | Dynamic monitoring and predicting method for water quality of filling body |
| CN113047835A (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2021-06-29 | 中南大学 | Deep well thick and large ore body mining method integrating emptying, caving and filling |
| CN113047835B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-04-15 | 中南大学 | Deep well thick and large ore body mining method integrating emptying, caving and filling |
| CN113187481A (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 辽宁科技大学 | Filling mining method for overburden rock concentrated grouting caving stoping |
| CN113187481B (en) * | 2021-05-28 | 2023-05-26 | 辽宁科技大学 | Filling mining method for centralized grouting caving stoping of overburden rock |
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