CN105123425B - The facility cultivation method of grape - Google Patents
The facility cultivation method of grape Download PDFInfo
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- CN105123425B CN105123425B CN201510563697.8A CN201510563697A CN105123425B CN 105123425 B CN105123425 B CN 105123425B CN 201510563697 A CN201510563697 A CN 201510563697A CN 105123425 B CN105123425 B CN 105123425B
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- fruit
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/02—Cultivation of hops or vines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/247—Watering arrangements
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of facility cultivation method of grape, the step of to overcome the problem of existing vinegrowing technology has low liquid manure utilization ratio, rhizosphere soil poor air permeability, the facility cultivation method of grape：1. cultivate the preparation in canopy/greenhouse；2. seedling planting：The time of seedling planting is advisable with spring, chooses height of seedling >=50cm, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, and the healthy and strong nursery stock of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows takes 0.8m, and line-spacing takes 1.5m；3. build irrigation system：1) irrigation system head pivot is installed；2) drip irrigation system in cultivation canopy is built；3) irrigation system head pivot couples with drip irrigation system；4. water and fertilizer management；5. temperature treatment：It is 23~28 DEG C to cultivate day temperature in canopy/greenhouse, and nocturnal temperature is 15~20 DEG C；Straw or straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm can be covered during frost in upper soll layer；6. pruning；7. controlling disease；8. supplement maize straw matrix.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method for belonging to field of agricultural production technologies, it more particularly relates to one
Plant the facility cultivation method of grape.
Background technology
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) be Vitaceae (Vitaceae), Vitis (Vitis) defoliation liana,
Its taste of fruit is unique, containing abundant vitamin and organic acid, with good nutrition and health care function.According to Ministry of Agriculture's data
Statistics, China's vinegrowing area in 2002 is up to 392.4 thousand hectares, and yield is 4,480,000 tons, and the is occupied in world's vintage
5.In recent years, with the adjustment of agricultural structure and continuing to develop for processing of farm products industry, demand of the market to grape
Gradually increase, China's vinegrowing area shows obvious growth trend, especially Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes area is substantially increased.
Growing for grape root system requires that the soil is porous, and the gas permeability of soil is good, and it endangers soil hardening extremely sensitive.
It is mainly manifested in：Soil hardening causes the gas permeability of soil to be deteriorated, and this not only directly affects growing for grape root system, and soil
The hardened growing environment that can also make edaphon of earth deteriorates, and further influenceing mycorhiza, (root system of plant is combined institute's shape with fungi
Into homobium) formation and mutualism effect, and then influence grape yield and quality.
Soil in protected field is hardened to be caused mainly due to soil secondary salinization and unreasonable irrigation.And in facility cultivation process
In, unreasonable fertilising is the major reason for causing soil secondary salinization.Therefore, how to apply fertilizers scientifically and Rational Irrigation is grape
It is badly in need of the technical barrier solved during facility cultivation.
At present, it is main during vinegrowing to be irrigated using modes such as flood irrigation, sprinkling irrigations, these ground irrigation methods
Deficiency be：
1. ground water evaporation quantity is big, efficiency of water application is low, and fertilizer loss is serious；
2. soil surface is in moisture state for a long time, not only canopy temperature, ground temperature reduction are too fast, and evaporation capacity is increased, indoor
Humidity is too high, is easily caused the generation of disease；
3. it is big to irrigate water consumption on the ground, and irrigation quantity conference destroys the crumb structure of soil so that soil hardening and ventilation
Property be deteriorated, so as to reduce soil oxygen content, this not only directly harm grape root system grow, and soil anoxic can also drop
The activity of low edaphon, and then influence formation and the mutualism effect of grape mycorhiza.
Therefore, during Studies on Protected Cultivation of Grapes, apply fertilizers scientifically and Rational Irrigation has to the yield and quality for improving grape
There is important meaning, be directly related to its productivity effect.
The content of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention be overcome the liquid manure utilization ratio that existing vinegrowing technology is present it is low,
The problem of rhizosphere soil poor air permeability, there is provided a kind of facility cultivation method of grape.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization：The facility of described grape is planted
The step of culture method, is as follows：
1) preparation in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated；
2) seedling planting；
3) irrigation system is built：
Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system；
(1) irrigation system head pivot is installed:
Described irrigation system head pivot includes water pump, return duct, No. 1 valve, pressure gauge, flowmeter, No. 2 valves, 3
Number valve, No. 4 valves, venturi fat absorption device, fertilizer bucket, filter and main pipe.The upper end of No. 1 valve in irrigation system with
The lower end connection of return duct, the lower end of No. 1 valve is connected by the output port of pipeline and water pump, and the lower end of No. 1 valve is simultaneously
Connected by the left end of pipeline and manometric input port and flowmeter, the right-hand member of flowmeter is using pipeline and No. 2 valves
Left end is connected with the upper end of No. 3 valves, and the left end pipeline of the upper end and filter of the right-hand member of No. 2 valves and No. 4 valves is connected, mistake
The right-hand member of filter and the left end of main pipe are connected；The lower end of No. 3 valves is connected with the left end pipeline of venturi fat absorption device, No. 4 valves
The lower end of door is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device, and the 3rd port of venturi fat absorption device is connected with fertilizer bucket pipeline；
(2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built:
After seedling planting, grooving and pipe laying are carried out, a depth is dug out respectively for 8~10cm, width in the both sides of field planting band
The pipe laying groove for 12~16cm is spent, the longitudinally asymmetric centre-to-centre spacing field planting band of pipe laying groove is 15cm, has been dug after pipe laying groove, first toward pipe laying
The maize straw matrix that the length luffing crushed is 1.5~2.5cm is filled in groove, again along the length direction of pipe laying groove after paving
Drip irrigation pipe is laid, layer of plastic film is finally covered along its length in the top of pipe laying groove, and with native by plastic sheeting
Edge is compacted；
(3) irrigation system head pivot couples with droping irrigating pipe system:
The main pipe of irrigation system head pivot is connected by the branch pipe in three-way connector and drip irrigation system, then will branch
Pipe is connected with each structure identical drip irrigation pipe；
4) water and fertilizer management:
(1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under film：In seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil is controlled
65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, and root region soil relative humidity is preferably maintained at 65%~70% before bearing fruit；In children
Fruit, which starts to expand rear root region soil relative humidity, is maintained at 70%~80%；Fruit starts suitably reduce the confession of moisture during coloring
Should, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%；
(2) fertilizing management
A. liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising, according to
Grape growth develop uptake characters, carry out variable fertilization, in seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus,
The ratio of potassium three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
B. tree body enters the production fruit stage, expands initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting in young sprout growth period, young fruit respectively
4 stages are applied fertilizer afterwards, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising；
5) temperature treatment；
6) pruning；
7) controlling disease；
8) maize straw matrix is supplemented:
Because decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation for part maize straw matrix, therefore, in annual Grape Dormancy period, take off
Open plastic sheeting and appropriate maize straw matrix is supplemented into pipe laying groove, the amount of supplement makes the position of drip irrigation pipe and native table phase
It is flat, plastic covering film, and being compacted the edge of plastic sheeting with soil afterwards.
The preparation in cultivation canopy/greenhouse described in technical scheme refers to：1) the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are for selection
5.6~7.8, the content of organic matter is not less than 5% soil as milpa；2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse for 550~
750 square metres, it is 8~12m each to cultivate canopy/greenhouse and be equipped with a volume3Cistern, in seedling planting the previous year toward in canopy
Soil is applied to become thoroughly decomposed and horsehit and turf and ploughed deeply, every 667 square metres of soil apply horsehit and turf be respectively 1500kg and
500kg, the depth ploughed deeply is 25~30cm.
Seedling planting described in technical scheme refers to：The time of seedling planting is advisable with spring, chooses height of seedling >=50cm,
Seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the healthy and strong nursery stocks of full bud quantity >=4 carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows takes 0.8~1.0m, and line-spacing takes 1.5~
1.8m。
Temperature treatment described in technical scheme refers to：After grape rudiment, cultivation canopy/greenhouse in daytime temperature control 23
~28 DEG C, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, cooling is aerated in time；Nocturnal temperature in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated to control at 15~20 DEG C；
During frost the straw or straw screen or mat that a layer thickness is 5cm are covered in upper soll layer.
Pruning described in technical scheme refers to：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds；Determine to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stay
Vigorous branches removes weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear is removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, and 5 are stayed on topmost fruit ear
Leaf pinching；
(4) winter pruning
A bearing basal shoot is stayed every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot divides row main stem both sides, and every plant is stayed result female altogether
5~8, branch, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.
Controlling disease described in technical scheme refers to：
1) 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 70% methyl are sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
1000 times of liquid of thiophanate wettable powder；
2) 25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid；
3) spray one time 75% in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy；
4) after fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
Compared with prior art the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1. the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention uses micro drip irrigation under film, ground water evaporation quantity significantly subtracts
It is small, the efficient utilization of moisture is not only realized, and also moisture was slow before this when irrigating, equably penetrate into maize straw matrix,
Then soil is reinfiltrated into, holding effect can be played to soil granular structure so that soil maintains preferable aeration, improves
Grape root system and the growing environment of edaphon, can improve the mutualism effect of mycorhiza, favorably realize facility grape
High-quality, efficiently production.
2. the drip irrigation pipe in the irrigation system of the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention does not connect directly with soil
Touch, but be laid in maize straw matrix, the problem of drip irrigation pipe delivery port is blocked, and corn can not only be effectively prevented from
Straw substrate has preferable water-retaining property and aeration, and its physical arrangement is water, the storage of gas provides certain space, favorably
In regulation rhizospheric environment.
3. venturi fat absorption device device, water are additionally arranged in the irrigation system of the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention
Fertile solution can equably penetrate into european grape root area by droping irrigating pipe, so as to meet grapevine seedling in different bearing stage to supporting
The demand divided, improves the utilization ratio of nutrient, and then reduces the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, and this is to preventive device soil secondary salinization
It is also advantageous.
4. the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention is easy to operate, low (the maize straw matrix needed for cultivation of cost
Wide material sources, and making full use of for agricultural crop straw can be realized.Cost of equipment is low needed for irrigation system, and Vehicles Collected from Market is above
Fat absorption device price is at 25 to 45 yuan in mound, filter price at 25 to 35 yuan, drip irrigation pipe per the price of rice lattice 0.8 to
1.2 yuan), operating efficiency is high, is adapted to large-scale production.
Brief description of the drawings
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the facility cultivation method middle berth tube seat set location of grape of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is drip irrigation pipe installation position in irrigation system employed in the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention
The transverse sectional view put；
Fig. 3 is droping irrigating pipe system knot in irrigation system employed in the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention
The floor map of structure composition；
Fig. 4 is irrigation system stem pivot in irrigation system employed in the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention
The schematic diagram of knob structure composition；
Fig. 5 is the FB(flow block) of the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention；
In figure：1. grapevine seedling, 2. pipe laying grooves, 3. field planting bands, 4. drip irrigation pipes, 5. plastic sheetings, 6. maize straw bases
Matter, 7. pipe end plugs, 8. branch pipes, 9. three-way connectors, 10. cisterns, 11. water pumps, 12. return ducts, No. 13.1 valves,
14. pressure gauge, 15. flowmeters, No. 16.2 valves, No. 17.3 valves, No. 18.4 valves, 19. venturi fat absorption devices, 20. fertilizer
Bucket, 21. filters, 22. main pipes, 23. soil.
Embodiment
The present invention is explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
According to grape growth development characteristics and its problem present in facility cultivation process, the present invention is to fertilising, irrigation
Improved Deng cultivation management step, it is intended to realize the high-quality and efficient production of grape.
Refering to Fig. 5, the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention comprises the following steps：
1. cultivate the preparation in canopy/greenhouse：
1) selection the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value be 5.6~7.8, the content of organic matter be not less than 5% soil conduct
Milpa.
2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse is advisable with 550~750 square metres.Each cultivation canopy/greenhouse is equipped with an appearance
Product is 8~12m3Cistern.Apply to become thoroughly decomposed toward soil in canopy in seedling planting the previous year and horsehit and turf and plough deeply, every 667
It is respectively 1500kg and 500kg that square metre soil, which applies horsehit and turf, and the depth ploughed deeply is advisable with 25~30cm.
2. seedling planting：
Resident time is advisable with spring.Choose height of seedling >=50cm, seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the healthy seedling of full bud quantity >=4
Wood carries out definite value.Spacing in the rows takes 0.8~1.0m, and line-spacing takes 1.5~1.8m.
3. build irrigation system：
Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system
1) irrigation system head pivot is installed
Refering to Fig. 4, the irrigation system head pivot that the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention is used includes water
Pump 11, return duct 12, No. 1 valve 13, pressure gauge 14, flowmeter 15, No. 2 valves 16, No. 3 valves 17, No. 4 valves 18, Wen Qiu
In fat absorption device 19, fertilizer bucket 20, filter 21 and main pipe 22.
The upper end of No. 1 valve 13 in irrigation system is connected with the lower end of return duct 12, and the lower end of No. 1 valve 13 passes through pipe
Road is connected with the output port of water pump 11, and the lower end of No. 1 valve 13 passes through pipeline and the input port and stream of pressure gauge 14 simultaneously
The left end connection of gauge 15, the right-hand member of flowmeter 15 using the left end and No. 3 valves 17 of pipeline and No. 2 valves 16 upper end company
Connect, the right-hand member of No. 2 valves 16 and the upper end of No. 4 valves 18 are connected with the left end pipeline of filter 21, the right-hand member of filter 21 with
The left end connection of main pipe 22；The lower end of No. 3 valves 17 is connected with the left end pipeline of venturi fat absorption device 19, No. 4 valves 18
Lower end is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device 19, and the 3rd port and the pipeline of fertilizer bucket 20 of venturi fat absorption device 19 connect
Connect.
No. 1 valve 13 can be used for regulation pipe water supply pressure, and when irrigation system does not work, valve 17 and valve 18 are in
Closed mode, valve 16 is in opening state, when cultivation canopy/greenhouse needs to irrigate, need to only connect pump power, when
When cultivation canopy/greenhouse needs fertilising, valve 17 and valve 18 are opened, speed of applying fertilizer can be controlled by control valve 16.
2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built
Refering to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, after seedling planting, grooving and pipe laying are carried out.A depth is dug out respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3
Degree is the pipe laying groove that 8~10cm, width are 12~16cm, the longitudinally asymmetric centre-to-centre spacing field planting band 15cm of pipe laying groove, such as Fig. 1 institutes
Show.Dig after pipe laying groove, first toward filling the maize straw matrix 6 of the length luffing that crushes for 1.5~2.5cm in pipe laying groove,
Length direction after paving again along groove lays drip irrigation pipe 4, finally covers one layer of plastics along its length in the top of pipe laying groove 2
Film 5, and be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting 5 with soil.The mounting structure of drip irrigation pipe 4 is as shown in Figures 2 and 3.Drip irrigation pipe is advised
Lattice：The cylindrical drip irrigation pipe of internally-inlaid that a diameter of Ф 16mm, water dropper spacing are 20cm.
3) irrigation system head pivot couples with droping irrigating pipe system
The main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is connect by three-way connector 9 with the branch pipe 8 in droping irrigating pipe system
It is logical, then branch pipe 8 is connected with each structure identical drip irrigation pipe 4.
The work for installing irrigation system head pivot also can be in " preparation in cultivation canopy/greenhouse " link described in the 1st step
It is middle to complete,
4. water and fertilizer management：
1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under film：In seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil is controlled
65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, and root region soil relative humidity is preferably maintained at 65%~70% before bearing fruit；In children
Fruit, which starts to expand rear root region soil relative humidity, is maintained at 70%~80%；Fruit starts suitably reduce the confession of moisture during coloring
Should, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%.
2) fertilizing management
(1) liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device 19, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.Root
Uptake characters are developed according to grape growth, variable fertilization is carried out.In seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen
(N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is
4.5kg；
(2) tree body enters the production fruit stage, expands initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit in young sprout growth period, young fruit respectively and adopts
4 stages are applied fertilizer after receipts, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising：
1st fertilising is in young sprout growth period, this stage young sprout vigorous growth, it is necessary to a large amount of nutrients, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer demand
Maximum, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 3: 1: 1, is applied wherein every 667 square metres of cultivated area N are fertile
Consumption is 6kg；And before spending 1 week borax soln of foliage-spray 0.3% to improve fruit-setting rate；
2nd fertilising is expanded initial stage in young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
3rd fertilising is in fruit color phase, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 2: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 2.5kg；
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 1: 1: 1, in
The amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.0kg.
Continuation clear water is irrigated 15 minutes after fertilising terminates every time, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment：
After grape rudiment, day temperature is preferably controlled at 23~28 DEG C in cultivation canopy/greenhouse, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, and
When be aerated cooling.Nocturnal temperature is preferably controlled at 15~20 DEG C in cultivation canopy/greenhouse；It can be covered during frost in upper soll layer
A layer thickness is 5cm straw or straw screen or mat.
6. pruning：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds；Determine to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stay
Vigorous branches removes weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can be removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, is stayed on topmost fruit ear
5 leaf pinching；
(4) winter pruning
A bearing basal shoot is stayed every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot divides row main stem both sides, and every plant is stayed result female altogether
5~8, branch, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.
7. controlling disease：
By spraying bactericide come controlling disease：It is wettable that 50% carbendazim is sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
Property 1000 times of liquid of 800 times of liquid of pulvis or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder；25% Amici is sprayed in florescence to reach
1500 times of liquid, spray one time 75% in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy；After fruit harvesting, the deadwood in canopy is removed in time
Fallen leaves, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
Because decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation for part maize straw matrix 6, therefore, in annual Grape Dormancy period,
Open plastic sheeting 5 and supplement appropriate maize straw matrix into pipe laying groove 2, the amount of supplement so that the position of drip irrigation pipe 4 with
Native table is equal to be advisable, afterwards plastic covering film 5, and is compacted the edge of plastic sheeting 5 with soil.
Embodiment 1：
1. canopy is cultivated to prepare：
Selection the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value be the 6.2, content of organic matter be 5.5% soil as milpa.Plant
The area for training canopy is 720 square metres.It is 10m to be equipped with a volume3Cistern.Applied in seedling planting the previous year toward soil in canopy
Enter to become thoroughly decomposed and horsehit and turf and plough deeply, it is respectively 1500kg and 500kg that every 667 square metres of soil, which applies horsehit and turf, is ploughed deeply
Depth be 30cm.
2. seedling planting：
Cultivar is harvested for rattan, chooses height of seedling >=50cm in spring, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the stalwartness of full bud quantity >=4
Nursery stock carries out definite value.Spacing in the rows takes 0.8m, and line-spacing takes 1.5m.
3. build irrigation system：
Use includes irrigation system head pivot in cultivation canopy and the irrigation system of droping irrigating pipe system is irrigated.
After seedling planting, droping irrigating pipe system is built in cultivation canopy, that is, carries out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying branch pipe 8 and drop
Fill hollow billet 4.It is the pipe laying groove 2 that 8cm, width are 16cm to dig out a depth respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3, pipe laying groove 2 it is vertical
It is 15cm to distance of the symmetrical centre away from field planting band 3.Dig after pipe laying groove 2, first toward filling the length change that crushes in pipe laying groove 2
Width is 1.5~2.5cm maize straw matrix 6, and the length direction after paving again along groove lays a diameter of Ф 16mm, water dropper spacing
For the 20cm cylindrical drip irrigation pipe of internally-inlaid, layer of plastic film 5 is finally covered along its length above pipe laying groove 2,
And be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting 5 with soil.
After irrigation system head pivot is installed, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is passed through into three-way connector
9 are connected with the branch pipe 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, then branch pipe 8 is connected with each structure identical drip irrigation pipe 4.
4. water and fertilizer management：
1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under film：In seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil is controlled
65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, and root region soil relative humidity is preferably maintained at 65%~70% before bearing fruit；In children
Fruit, which starts to expand rear root region soil relative humidity, is maintained at 70%~80%；Fruit starts the appropriate confession for reducing moisture during coloring
Should, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device 19, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.Root
Uptake characters are developed according to grape growth, variable fertilization is carried out.In seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen
(N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is
4.5kg；
(2) tree body enters the production fruit stage, expands initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit in young sprout growth period, young fruit respectively and adopts
4 stages are applied fertilizer after receipts, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.
1st fertilising is in young sprout growth period, this stage young sprout vigorous growth, it is necessary to a large amount of nutrients, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer demand
Maximum, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 3: 1: 1, is applied wherein every 667 square metres of cultivated area N are fertile
Consumption is 6kg；And before spending 1 week borax soln of foliage-spray 0.3% to improve fruit-setting rate；
2nd fertilising is expanded initial stage in young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
3rd fertilising is in fruit color phase, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 2: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 2.5kg；
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 1: 1: 1, in
The amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.0kg.
Continuation clear water is irrigated 15 minutes after fertilising terminates every time, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment：
After grape rudiment, cultivation canopy in daytime temperature control at 23~28 DEG C, when temperature be higher than 32 DEG C when, led in time
Wind cools.Nocturnal temperature is preferably controlled at 15~20 DEG C in cultivation canopy.It is 5cm's to cover a layer thickness in upper soll layer during frost
Straw.
6. pruning：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds are determined to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stayed
Vigorous branches removes weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can be removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, is stayed on topmost fruit ear
5 leaf pinching；
(4) winter pruning
A bearing basal shoot is stayed every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot divides row main stem both sides, and every plant is stayed result female altogether
5~8, branch, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds；
7. disease control：
By spraying bactericide come controlling disease：It is wettable that 50% carbendazim is sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
Property 800 times of liquid of pulvis；25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid, one time 75% is sprayed in fruit expanding period and takes
Oppose steady 3000 times of liquid；After fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
In Grape Dormancy period, open plastic sheeting 5 and appropriate maize straw matrix 6 is supplemented into pipe laying groove 2, supplement
Measure so that table is equal is advisable with soil for the position of drip irrigation pipe 4, plastic covering film 5, and with native by the edge pressure of plastic sheeting 5 afterwards
It is real.
Embodiment 2：
1. canopy is cultivated to prepare：
Selection the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value be the 5.6, content of organic matter be 6.1% soil as milpa.Plant
The area for training canopy is 640 square metres.It is 8m to be equipped with a volume3Cistern.Applied in seedling planting the previous year toward soil in canopy
Enter to become thoroughly decomposed and horsehit and turf and plough deeply, it is respectively 1500kg and 500kg that every 667 square metres of soil, which applies horsehit and turf, is ploughed deeply
Depth be 25cm.
2. seedling planting：
Cultivar is harvested for rattan, chooses height of seedling >=50cm in spring, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the stalwartness of full bud quantity >=4
Nursery stock carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows takes 1.0m, and line-spacing takes 1.5m.
3. build irrigation system：
Use includes irrigation system head pivot in cultivation canopy and the irrigation pipe system of drip irrigation system is irrigated.
After seedling planting, droping irrigating pipe system is built in cultivation canopy, that is, carries out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying branch pipe 8 and drop
Fill hollow billet 4.It is the pipe laying groove 2 that 9cm, width are 14cm to dig out a depth respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3, pipe laying groove 2 it is vertical
It is 15cm to distance of the symmetrical centre away from field planting band 3.Dig after pipe laying groove 2, first toward filling the length change that crushes in pipe laying groove 2
Width is 1.5~2.5cm maize straw matrix 6, and the length direction after paving again along groove lays a diameter of Ф 16mm, water dropper spacing
For the 20cm cylindrical drip irrigation pipe 4 of internally-inlaid, layer of plastic film 5 is finally covered along its length in the top of pipe laying groove 2,
And be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting 5 with soil.
After irrigation system head pivot is installed, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is passed through into three-way connector
9 are connected with the branch pipe 8 in drip irrigation system, then the drip irrigation pipe 4 identical with each structure of branch pipe 8 is connected.
4. water and fertilizer management：
1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under above-mentioned film.In seedling planting then, soil is relatively wet
Degree control is 65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, before bearing fruit root region soil relative humidity be preferably maintained at 65%~
70%；Root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 70%~80% after young fruit starts to expand；Fruit starts suitably to reduce during coloring
The supply of moisture, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.According to
Grape growth develops uptake characters, carries out variable fertilization.In seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen (N),
Phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
(2) tree body enters the production fruit stage, expands initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit in young sprout growth period, young fruit respectively and adopts
4 stages are applied fertilizer after receipts, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising；
1st fertilising is in young sprout growth period, this stage young sprout vigorous growth, it is necessary to a large amount of nutrients, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer demand
Maximum, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 3: 1: 1, is applied wherein every 667 square metres of cultivated area N are fertile
Consumption is 6kg；And before spending 1 week borax soln of foliage-spray 0.3% to improve fruit-setting rate；
2nd fertilising is expanded initial stage in young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
3rd fertilising is in fruit color phase, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 2: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 2.5kg；
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 1: 1: 1, in
The amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.0kg.
Continuation clear water is irrigated 15 minutes after fertilising terminates every time, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment：
After grape germination, day temperature is preferably controlled at 23~28 DEG C in cultivation canopy, when temperature is higher than 32 DEG C, is carried out in time
It is aeration-cooling；Nocturnal temperature is preferably controlled at 15~20 DEG C in cultivation canopy；A layer thickness is covered for 5cm in upper soll layer during frost
Straw screen or mat.
6. pruning：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds are determined to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stayed
Vigorous branches removes weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can be removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, is stayed on topmost fruit ear
5 leaf pinching；
(4) winter pruning
A bearing basal shoot is stayed every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot divides row main stem both sides, and every plant is stayed result female altogether
5~8, branch, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.
7. disease control：
By spraying bactericide come controlling disease：70% thiophanate methyl is sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
1000 times of liquid of wettable powder；25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid, is sprayed once in fruit expanding period
75% takes the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy；After fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
In Grape Dormancy period, open plastic sheeting 5 and appropriate maize straw matrix 6 is supplemented into pipe laying groove 2, supplement
Measure so that table is equal is advisable with soil for the position of drip irrigation pipe 4, plastic covering film 5, and with native by the edge pressure of plastic sheeting 5 afterwards
It is real.
Embodiment 3：
1. greenhouse is cultivated to prepare：
Selection the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value be the 7.2, content of organic matter be 5% soil as milpa.Greenhouse
Area be 750 square metres.It is 12m to be equipped with a volume3Cistern.Applied in seedling planting the previous year toward soil in canopy rotten
Ripe horsehit and turf are simultaneously ploughed deeply, and it is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, the depth ploughed deeply that every 667 square metres of soil, which applies horsehit and turf,
Spend for 30cm.
2. seedling planting：
Cultivar is honeydew.Choose height of seedling >=50cm in spring, seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the stalwartness of full bud quantity >=4
Nursery stock carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows takes 0.8m, and line-spacing takes 1.8m.
3. build irrigation system：
Use includes irrigation system head pivot in cultivation canopy and the irrigation system of droping irrigating pipe system is irrigated.
After seedling planting, droping irrigating pipe system is built in cultivation canopy, that is, carries out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying branch pipe 8 and drop
Fill hollow billet 4.It is the pipe laying groove 2 that 10cm, width are 16cm to dig out a depth respectively in the both sides of field planting band 3, pipe laying groove 2 it is vertical
It is 15cm to distance of the symmetrical centre away from field planting band 3.Dig after pipe laying groove 2, first toward filling the length change that crushes in pipe laying groove 2
Width is 1.5~2.5cm maize straw matrix 6, and the length direction after paving again along groove lays a diameter of Ф 16mm, water dropper spacing
For the 20cm cylindrical drip irrigation pipe 4 of internally-inlaid, layer of plastic film 5 is finally covered along its length in the top of pipe laying groove 2,
And be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting 5 with soil.
After irrigation system head pivot is installed, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is passed through into three-way connector
9 are connected with the branch pipe 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, then the drip irrigation pipe 4 identical with each structure of branch pipe 8 is connected.
4. water and fertilizer management：
1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under above-mentioned film.In seedling planting then, soil is relatively wet
Degree control is 65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, before bearing fruit root region soil relative humidity be preferably maintained at 65%~
70%；Root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 70%~80% after young fruit starts to expand；Fruit starts suitably to reduce during coloring
The supply of moisture, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.According to
Grape growth develops uptake characters, carries out variable fertilization.In seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen (N),
Phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
(2) tree body enters the production fruit stage, expands initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit in young sprout growth period, young fruit respectively and adopts
4 stages are applied fertilizer after receipts, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.
1st fertilising is in young sprout growth period, this stage young sprout vigorous growth, it is necessary to a large amount of nutrients, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer demand
Maximum, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 3: 1: 1, is applied wherein every 667 square metres of cultivated area N are fertile
Consumption is 6kg；And before spending 1 week borax soln of foliage-spray 0.3% to improve fruit-setting rate；
2nd fertilising is expanded initial stage in young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
3rd fertilising is in fruit color phase, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 2: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 2.5kg；
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 1: 1: 1, in
The amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.0kg.
Continuation clear water is irrigated 15 minutes after fertilising terminates every time, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment：
After grape rudiment, cultivation greenhouse in daytime temperature control at 23~28 DEG C, when temperature be higher than 32 DEG C when, in time carry out
It is aeration-cooling.Nocturnal temperature is preferably controlled at 15~20 DEG C in cultivation greenhouse.Covering a layer thickness in upper soll layer during frost is
5cm straw.
6. pruning：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds；Determine to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stay
Vigorous branches removes weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can be removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, is stayed on topmost fruit ear
5 leaf pinching；
(4) winter pruning
A bearing basal shoot is stayed every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot divides row main stem both sides, and every plant is stayed result female altogether
5~8, branch, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.
7. disease control：
By spraying bactericide come controlling disease：It is wettable that 50% carbendazim is sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
Property 800 times of liquid of pulvis；25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid, one time 75% is sprayed in fruit expanding period and takes
Oppose steady 3000 times of liquid；After fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
In Grape Dormancy period, open plastic sheeting 5 and appropriate maize straw matrix 6 is supplemented into pipe laying groove 2, supplement
Measure so that table is equal is advisable with soil for the position of drip irrigation pipe 4, plastic covering film 5, and with native by the edge pressure of plastic sheeting 5 afterwards
It is real.
Embodiment 4：
1. greenhouse is cultivated to prepare：
Selection the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value be the 6.8, content of organic matter be 5.2% soil as milpa.Temperature
The area of room is 550 square metres.It is 10m to be equipped with a volume3Cistern.Applied in seedling planting the previous year toward soil in canopy
Become thoroughly decomposed and horsehit and turf and plough deeply, it is respectively 1500kg and 500kg that every 667 square metres of soil, which applies horsehit and turf, is ploughed deeply
Depth is with 25cm.
2. seedling planting：
Cultivar is honeydew.Choose height of seedling >=50cm in spring, seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the stalwartness of full bud quantity >=4
Nursery stock carries out definite value.Spacing in the rows takes 0.9m, and line-spacing takes 1.6m.
3. build irrigation system：
Use includes irrigation system head pivot in cultivation canopy and the irrigation pipe system of drip irrigation system is irrigated.
After seedling planting, droping irrigating pipe system is built in cultivation canopy, that is, carries out digging pipe laying groove 2 and laying branch pipe 8 and drop
Fill hollow billet 4.It is the pipe laying groove 2 that 10cm, width are 12cm to dig out a depth respectively in the both sides of field planting band, pipe laying groove 2 it is vertical
To symmetrical centre away from field planting the short distance of band 3 be 15cm.Dig after pipe laying groove 2, first toward filling the length change that crushes in pipe laying groove 2
Width is 1.5~2.5cm maize straw matrix 6, and a diameter of Ф 16mm, drop are laid along the length direction of pipe laying groove 2 again after paving
Head spacing is the 20cm cylindrical drip irrigation pipe 4 of internally-inlaid, finally covers one layer of plastics along its length in the top of pipe laying groove 2
Film 5, and be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting 5 with soil.
After irrigation system head pivot is installed, the main pipe 22 of irrigation system head pivot is passed through into three-way connector
9 are connected with the branch pipe 8 in droping irrigating pipe system, then branch pipe 8 is connected with drip irrigation pipe 4.
4. water and fertilizer management：
1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under film.In seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil is controlled
65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, and root region soil relative humidity is preferably maintained at 65%~70% before bearing fruit；In children
Fruit, which starts to expand rear root region soil relative humidity, is maintained at 70%~80%；Fruit starts the appropriate confession for reducing moisture during coloring
Should, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%.
2) apply fertilizer
(1) liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising；According to
Grape growth develops uptake characters, carries out variable fertilization.In seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen (N),
Phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
(2) tree body enters the production fruit stage, expands initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit in young sprout growth period, young fruit respectively and adopts
4 stages are applied fertilizer after receipts, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising.
1st fertilising is in young sprout growth period, this stage young sprout vigorous growth, it is necessary to a large amount of nutrients, wherein nitrogenous fertilizer demand
Maximum, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 3: 1: 1, is applied wherein every 667 square metres of cultivated area N are fertile
Consumption is 6kg；And before spending 1 week borax soln of foliage-spray 0.3% to improve fruit-setting rate；
2nd fertilising is expanded initial stage in young fruit, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 1: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
3rd fertilising is in fruit color phase, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 2: 2: 1, in it is every
The amount of application of 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 2.5kg；
The 4th fertilising is carried out after fruit harvesting, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) ratio of three uses 1: 1: 1, in
The amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.0kg；
Continuation clear water is irrigated 15 minutes after fertilising terminates every time, to rinse droping irrigating pipe.
5. temperature treatment：
Grape germination after, cultivation greenhouse in daytime temperature control at 23~28 DEG C, when temperature be higher than 32 DEG C when, in time carry out
It is aeration-cooling.Nocturnal temperature is preferably controlled at 15~20 DEG C in greenhouse.It is 5cm's to cover a layer thickness in upper soll layer during frost
Straw screen or mat.
6. pruning：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds are determined to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stayed
Vigorous branches removes weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear can be removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, is stayed on topmost fruit ear
5 leaf pinching；
(4) winter pruning
A bearing basal shoot is stayed every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot divides row main stem both sides, and every plant is stayed result female altogether
5~8, branch, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.
7. disease control：
By spraying bactericide come controlling disease：70% thiophanate methyl is sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
1000 times of liquid of wettable powder；25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid, is sprayed once in fruit expanding period
75% takes the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy；After fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
8. supplement maize straw matrix
In Grape Dormancy period, open plastic sheeting 5 and appropriate maize straw matrix 6 is supplemented into pipe laying groove 2, supplement
Measure so that table is equal is advisable with soil for the position of drip irrigation pipe 4, afterwards plastic covering film 5, and with the native edge by plastic sheeting 5
Compacting.
Different cultural method result of the tests compare：
Multigroup experiment in cultivation is carried out, by the facility cultivation method of grape of the present invention compared with conventional cultivation method
Compared with high yield period investigation grape fruit yield and quality, its result of the test is listed in Table 1 below.
The result of implementation of the different cultural methods of table 1 compares
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with conventional cultivation method, the facility cultivation method using grape of the present invention has
Beneficial to increasing production and improving fruit quality, technical guarantee is provided for the highly efficient and productive production of grape.And Portugal of the present invention
The facility cultivation method of grape develops uptake characters according to grape growth, and variable fertilization is carried out by water-fertilizer integrated irrigation,
Fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved, labor intensity can be also reduced and save manpower, be adapted to large-scale production.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of facility cultivation method of grape, it is characterised in that as follows the step of the facility cultivation method of described grape：
1) preparation in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated；
2) seedling planting；
3) irrigation system is built：
Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system；
(1) irrigation system head pivot is installed：
Described irrigation system head pivot includes water pump (11), return duct (12), No. 1 valve (13), pressure gauge (14), flow
Count (15), No. 2 valves (16), No. 3 valves (17), No. 4 valves (18), venturi fat absorption device (19), fertilizer bucket (20), filters
(21) with main pipe (22)
The upper end of No. 1 valve (13) in irrigation system is connected with the lower end of return duct (12), and the lower end of No. 1 valve (13) passes through
Pipeline is connected with the output port of water pump (11), and the lower end of No. 1 valve (13) passes through the input of pipeline and pressure gauge (14) simultaneously
Port is connected with the left end of flowmeter (15), and the right-hand member of flowmeter (15) is using pipeline and the left end and No. 3 valves of No. 2 valves (16)
The upper end connection of door (17), the right-hand member of No. 2 valves (16) and the upper end of No. 4 valves (18) and the left end pipeline of filter (21) connect
Connect, the right-hand member of filter (21) is connected with the left end of main pipe (22)；The lower end of No. 3 valves (17) and venturi fat absorption device (19)
The connection of left end pipeline, the lower end of No. 4 valves (18) is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device (19), venturi fat absorption device
(19) the 3rd port is connected with fertilizer bucket (20) pipeline；
(2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built：
After seedling planting, grooving and pipe laying are carried out, a depth is dug out respectively in the both sides of field planting band (3) for 8~10cm, width
For 12~16cm pipe laying groove (2), the longitudinally asymmetric centre-to-centre spacing field planting band (3) of pipe laying groove (2) is 15cm, has dug pipe laying groove (2)
Afterwards, the maize straw matrix (6) that the length luffing first crushed toward filling in pipe laying groove (2) is 1.5~2.5cm, after paving again
Along the length direction laying drip irrigation pipe (4) of pipe laying groove (2), one layer is finally covered along its length in the top of pipe laying groove (2)
Plastic sheeting (5), and be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting (5) with soil；
(3) irrigation system head pivot couples with droping irrigating pipe system：
The main pipe (22) of irrigation system head pivot is connected by the branch pipe (8) in three-way connector (9) and drip irrigation system,
Branch pipe (8) and each structure identical drip irrigation pipe (4) are connected again；
4) water and fertilizer management：
(1) soil moisture management
Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under film：In seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil control exists
65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, and root region soil relative humidity is preferably maintained at 65%~70% before bearing fruit；In young fruit
Start to expand rear root region soil relative humidity and be maintained at 70%~80%；Fruit starts suitably reduce the confession of moisture during coloring
Should, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%；
(2) fertilizing management
A. liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device (19), by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising, according to
Grape growth develop uptake characters, carry out variable fertilization, in seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus,
The ratio of potassium three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；
B. tree body enters the production fruit stage, respectively 4 after young sprout growth period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting
The individual stage is applied fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising；
5) temperature treatment；
6) pruning；
7) controlling disease；
8) maize straw matrix is supplemented：
Because decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation for part maize straw matrix (6), therefore, in annual Grape Dormancy period, take off
Plastic sheeting (5) appropriate maize straw matrix (6) of supplement into pipe laying groove (2) is opened, the amount of supplement makes the position of drip irrigation pipe (4)
Put equal with native table, plastic covering film (5), and the edge of plastic sheeting (5) being compacted with soil afterwards.
2. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the standard in described cultivation canopy/greenhouse
It is standby to refer to：
1) the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are that 5.6~7.8, content of organic matter is not less than 5% soil as cultivation for selection
Ground；
2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse is 550~750 square metres, each cultivate canopy/greenhouse be equipped with a volume be 8~
12m3Cistern, apply to become thoroughly decomposed toward soil in canopy in seedling planting the previous year and horsehit and turf and plough deeply, every 667 square metres of soil
Earth applies horsehit and turf is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the depth ploughed deeply is 25~30cm.
3. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described seedling planting refers to：
The time of seedling planting is advisable with spring, chooses height of seedling >=50cm, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the stalwartness of full bud quantity >=4
Nursery stock carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows takes 0.8~1.0m, and line-spacing takes 1.5~1.8m.
4. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described temperature treatment refers to：
After grape rudiment, cultivation canopy/greenhouse in daytime temperature control at 23~28 DEG C, when temperature be higher than 32 DEG C when, in time carry out
It is aeration-cooling；Nocturnal temperature in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated to control at 15~20 DEG C；Covering a layer thickness in upper soll layer during frost is
5cm straw or straw screen or mat.
5. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described pruning refers to：
(1) tip is determined in bud picking
Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds；Determine to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stay vigorous branches
Remove weak branch；
(2) tip is tied up except palpus
When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；
(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing
Sublateral shoot below fruit ear is removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, stays 5 leaves to pluck on topmost fruit ear
The heart；
(4) winter pruning
Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot point row main stem both sides, every plant stay altogether bearing basal shoot 5~
8, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.
6. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described controlling disease refers to：
1) 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 70% methyl Tobe are sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5
1000 times of liquid of Tianjin wettable powder；
2) 25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid；
3) spray one time 75% in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy；
4) after fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.
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