CN105116848B - Residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system - Google Patents
Residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105116848B CN105116848B CN201510420144.7A CN201510420144A CN105116848B CN 105116848 B CN105116848 B CN 105116848B CN 201510420144 A CN201510420144 A CN 201510420144A CN 105116848 B CN105116848 B CN 105116848B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/4185—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication
- G05B19/41855—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by the network communication by local area network [LAN], network structure
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Abstract
A kind of residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system, belong to residential architecture Indoor Environment Detection technology and technical field of information communication.It is characterized in that gather indoor each function room ambient parameter in real time using data acquisition module, the weighing factor and health risk grade of each parameters on human health of comprehensive analysis indoor environment；And provide the expert opinion and strategy for improving respective environment situation.Build Internet of Things real-time data monitoring system simultaneously, can not only transfer data to user's display terminal and remote central service system in time, and can based on the decision-making foundation of scientific data and departments of government.The invention has the advantages that solve with the not scientific of single parameter real-time characterization indoor environment, it can realize that monitoring and customer mobile terminal synchronously look into news comparing result to living environment indoor comprehensive evaluating in real time simultaneously, and obtain the suggestion and measure for being effectively improved environment；Wide application, popularity rate are high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to residential architecture Indoor Environment Detection technology and technical field of information communication, is related to one kind and passes through thing
Networked system is constructed, while realizes that the real-time monitoring of residential architecture nine kinds of ambient parameters of each function room indoor and outdoor, data are real
When collection, data lump calculation process, indoor healthy environmental rating evaluation and improving indoor environment strategy and expert advice.
Background technology
While building energy consumption is further reduced, the living environment for building health is the important act for ensureing and improving People's livelihood
Arrange.Correlative study shows that the time in all one's life about 2/3 of people is spent indoors, and the quality of indoor environmental quality is good for human body
Health influences to play leading role, is found through disciplinary studies such as toxicology, clinical medicine, and indoor pollutant and the multiple disease of resident are such as
Asthma etc. has a close association, how to carry out effective monitoring and evaluation to the health status of indoor environment and early warning to improve be current
Urgent problem to be solved.
Found through retrieval, patent No. CN103278192A discloses a kind of architecture indoor humiture based on ZigBee technology
Detecting system and method, it is mainly characterized by：Indoor relative humidity is measured using multiple sensors, using support ZigBee technology
CC2530 wireless processors form Temperature Humidity Sensor node as main control chip, have without communication cable, networking is convenient,
High accuracy and real-time display function；Because the technology is only monitored to the humiture of interior, accordingly, it is difficult to characterize other dirts
Contaminate influence of the thing to indoor environment health performance.Patent No. CN102682576A discloses a kind of intelligent room based on wireless sensing
Interior environmental monitoring system, it is mainly characterized by：Pathogenic, carcinogenic, mortality risks the toxic gas in indoor bedroom is detected,
Major node single-chip microcomputer data storage information, and to data message Treatment Analysis, Treatment Analysis result is transferred to display alarm end
End, the alert in environmental condition exception.The technology only detects to the toxic gas pollutant in bedroom, but portion
Though point gas is not toxic gas but concentration is accumulated to certain degree and also the health of human body can had an impact such as carbon dioxide,
Simultaneously there is also overall indoor environment health performance is characterized with partial parameters the drawbacks of.Patent No. CN103529776A describes one
Kind Indoor Environment Detection system monitoring method, docked in fact with air ambient detection collector using green building Environment Management module
When monitor air quality data, automatically adjust improvement IAQ, generate air quality report；Performed using air-conditioning system
Temperature and humidity regulation instructs, and the monitoring to indoor air quality provides preferable control with improvement.The technology is not to interior
Function room divided, the position of monitoring point has a great impact to the accuracy of parameter monitoring, different work(
The main pollutant and pollution level in energy room are inconsistent.Patent No. CN103529776A discloses a kind of smart home micro-loop
Border detecting and controlling system, according to detected indoor temperature, humidity, gas, control apparatus control machine starts indoor electric appliance and entered
Row work, and alarming short message is sent to preset mobile phone, the technology facilitates control and regulation equipment, but in not all man of resident family all
There is corresponding electric equipment, be unfavorable for the popularization of technology.
The content of the invention
It is real it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system
When monitor influence of each ambient parameter of indoor and outdoor to health, comprehensive analysis residential architecture Indoor Environmental Condition and health risk
Grade is evaluated, and provides the expert opinion and regulation measure for improving respective environment situation；Monitoring system of internet of things is built simultaneously, and
Shi Shangchuan monitoring parameters to database, based on scientific data and departments of government decision-making foundation.Solves residential architecture room
Interior health environment evaluation method imperfection, the IAQ regulation and control unsound practical problem of method.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
As shown in figure 1, whole Internet of things system is divided into three-decker, bottom is Zigbee subnets, its use Zigbee without
Sensor data transmission is realized in line communication；Intermediate layer is data acquisition gateway, and it is realized between Zigbee network and Ethernet
Communication conversion；Upper strata is Cloud Server and client, and the data acquisition gateway in intermediate layer accesses Internet by router
Network, and then the data gathered are uploaded into Cloud Server, Cloud Server complete commenting for the analyses of data, calculating and Health Category
Valency, and pc client and mobile client then access Cloud Server by Internet, so as to browse the prison of Building Indoor Environment
Survey data.
One Zigbee subnet realizes the environmental monitoring in one or more rooms, temperature in synthetical collection room, relative
Humidity, air velocity, PM2.5 concentration, CO2The ambient parameters such as concentration, CO concentration, concentration of formaldehyde, illuminance, noise, each sensing
Device is by modes such as analog quantity transformation, digital communication, pulse trains by its signal or data transfer to Zigbee module.Zigbee
Module completes analog-to-digital conversion and the range conversion (or directly reading sensing data) of sensor signal, then will pass through Zigbee
The sensing data obtained is sent to data gateway by radio communication.In a Zigbee subnet, 64 biographies are supported in design
Sensor node, for the sensor node from data acquisition gateway farther out, data transfer is strengthened by Zigbee communication repeater
Ability.
The corresponding Zigbee subnet of one data acquisition gateway, it includes data acquisition unit and Zigbee module two
Point.Because Zigbee module supports Zigbee radio communications and RS485 to communicate simultaneously, and then realize that communication between the two turns
Change；Data acquisition unit by RS485 communicate from Zigbee module read site environment Monitoring Data, and be further converted into
Too Network Communication mode, carry out data upload.Data acquisition unit is opened based on the embedded industry control module hardware platforms of M-SCM9022
Hair.Multiple data acquisition gateways are acquired to the environmental data of first floor or multi-story, are connect eventually through same router
Enter Internet network, difference building then needs to be linked into Internet network by different routers.
Cloud Server obtains the environmental monitoring data of different geographical, different buildings by Internet network, and then completes
The real-time displays of data, storage, analysis, calculating, the assessment of Health Category and contamination hazard degree.Pc client and mobile client
Access to Cloud Server is completed also through Internet network.
One Zigbee module (as shown in Figure 2) by analog input, pulsed quantity input, I2C interface, SPI interface,
UART interface gathers multiple sensor signals simultaneously, and sensor is exported using analog quantity or pulse pick-up, or using directly number
Word exports, and is provided conveniently for the selection of external sensor.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, residential architecture indoor environment has been considered to the physical parameter of Health Impact and the spy of each function room
Different property evaluates the health risk of Environmental insults.Indoor environment health performance detection analysis instrument of the present invention can be more with multi-parameter
Space tests and analyzes to indoor environment, avoids with single parameter to characterize the not preciseness of indoor environment, comprehensively effectively
Ground understands indoor pollutant concentration and spatial distribution.
2nd, can not only real-time display room using health risk grade in indoor environment comprehensive characterization parameter evaluation habitat
Interior ambient parameter actual value, additionally it is possible to the health risk of environment is evaluated and provided class letter, when there is health risk
When, detecting system will provide the expert advice of environmental quality Improving Measurements.
3rd, real-time detector data is not only in test site real-time display, moreover it is possible to by communication system of data transmission, by data
Central server end is transferred to, the heart monitors in real time in the detection, to establish the indoor environment health performance of different cities or area
Detection net and database provide technological means.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system network structure block diagram.
Fig. 2 is Zigbee module hardware design theory diagram.
Embodiment
Describe the embodiment of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
As shown in figure 1, by test parameter (such as humiture, air velocity, illumination, noise, PM2.5、CO2, formaldehyde, TVOC it is dense
Degree) sensor and ZigBee wireless transport modules assemble a fixed data monitoring terminal module, each function indoors
Corresponding terminal module, outdoor detection terminal module (such as humiture, air velocity, illumination, noise, PM are arranged in room2.5、
CO2Concentration) sensor and ZigBee wireless transport modules, the Real-time Monitoring Data of five parts is transferred to the ZigBee data of interior
Integrated gateway, hereafter data divide two parts to be transmitted.A part is indoor visualization terminal panel, and data are shown in real time
Show and evaluation analysis, another part are analyzed and stored to central server end by network transmission.Data are through central service
Also it is divided to two aspects to deploy after device, is on the one hand monitoring platform center, to all existing monitoring resident family indoor environment parameter status
And health risk assessment is monitored in real time；On the other hand it is Data Management Analysis center, data is carried out calculating processing and deposited
Storage, database hub is set, is surfed the Net for user and inquires about indoor environment ranking and download related data.
As shown in Fig. 2 Zigbee module synchronously supports 4 road analog inputs (AI0~AI3), 4 road impulsive quarantine inputs
(PI0~PI3), 1 road I2C EBIs, 1 road SPI interface, 1 road UART communication interfaces, 1 road RS485 communication interfaces, 1 tunnel
Zigbee wireless communication interfaces；CPU uses the STM32F407 microprocessors of 32 ARM7 kernels；Analog input is using single-ended
In-put design, the input signals such as 0~10V, 0~5V, 0~50mV, 0~20mA, 4~20mA are supported, and be automatically performed electric current-electricity
Pressure conversion, input signal are uniformly transformed to 0~50mV signals after differential decay；4 tunnels analog input channel are through CD4051 moulds
After intending switch selection, operational amplifier is accessed, 0~2V voltage signals are transformed to after with mutually 40 times of amplification, amplifier uses
LM324, channel selecting are then controlled by CPU P3.0 and P3.1；Amplifier output signal passes through SPI after digital-to-analogue conversion, by CPU
Interface reads transformation result, and digital analog converter uses MCP3201, and conversion accuracy is 12, external reference voltage 2.048V, by
LM4120 is provided.After CPU obtains change data, by according to the range upper limit and Lower Range pre-set, range conversion is completed.
Analog switch and operational amplifier use+5V and -5V power, and during digital-to-analogue conversion, often take turns collection period, analog switch is equal
The dac value actually read once, to read amplifier zero drift amount, during software processing, is subtracted zero point drift by switching
Shifting value, effectively eliminates null offset.
4 tunnel pulse inputs are input to CPU P3.4~P3.7 pins after high speed photo coupling is isolated, and are interrupted with producing, software
On using timer counter method obtain input pulse frequency, its measure frequency range be 0~10KHz.
I2C interface, SPI interface and UART interface are directly provided by CPU.For I2C interface, SDA is bidirectional data transfers
Line, SCL are the I2C clock signals that CPU is provided；For SPI interface, CS1 is that piece selects control line, when CLK1 is the SPI that CPU is provided
Clock signal, frequency 100KHz, MISO1 are that the master of SPI interface enters from going out signal, and MOSI1 is that the master of SPI interface goes out from entering letter
Number；For UART interface, for TXD0 to send signal wire, RXD0 is reception signal line.
Wireless communication interface uses CC2530, and it completes data interaction, house dog selection between CPU by SPI2 interfaces
IMP807, threshold voltage 2.93V.RS485 communication interfaces use ADM2587, by the transmission TXD1 of UART1 mouths in CPU and
RXD1 is converted to DT+ and DT- signals, carries out RS485 half-duplex operations.
Zigbee module use+12V powers, and the 220V AC of outside input obtain+12V, be after Switching Power Supply converts
Module for power supply, Switching Power Supply selection is bright latitude power supply, model S-12-15, rated output power 15W；+ 12V signals pass through
+ 5V signals are arrived after 7805 conversion；+ 5V signals obtain 3.3V, power supply are provided for CPU after the conversion of SPX1117-3.3V chips；
+ 5V signals obtain -5V after 34C063 is converted；+ 5V and -5V is that analog switch and operational amplifier are powered.Whole Zigbee moulds
Block provides 12V ,+5V, -5V ,+3.3V power supplys for external sensor.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system, it is characterised in that：Whole Internet of Things
System is divided into three-decker, and bottom is Zigbee subnets, and it uses Zigbee radio communications to realize sensor data transmission；It is middle
Layer is data acquisition gateway, and it realizes the communication conversion between Zigbee network and Ethernet；Upper strata is Cloud Server and client
End, the data acquisition gateway in intermediate layer accesses Internet network by router, and then the data gathered are uploaded into cloud
Server, Cloud Server completes analysis, calculating and the evaluation of Health Category of data, and pc client and mobile client pass through
Internet accesses Cloud Server, so as to browse the Monitoring Data of Building Indoor Environment；One Zigbee subnet realize one or
The environmental monitoring in multiple rooms, the corresponding Zigbee subnet of a data acquisition gateway, multiple data acquisition gateway parallel connections are right
The environmental data of first floor or multi-story is acquired, and accesses Internet network, difference building by same router
Then need to be linked into Internet network by different routers；Zigbee module synchronously supports 4 road analog inputs, 4 tunnels
Operational amplifier is accessed, amplifier output signal is through digital-to-analogue conversion in analog input channel after the selection of CD4051 analog switches
Afterwards, transformation result is read by SPI interface by CPU, during digital-to-analogue conversion, often takes turns collection period, analog switch switches one
It is secondary, to read amplifier zero drift amount；The data acquisition gateway includes data acquisition unit and Zigbee module two parts；By
Zigbee radio communications and RS485 is supported to communicate simultaneously in Zigbee module, it is achieved that communication conversion between the two；Number
Communicated according to collector by RS485 and site environment Monitoring Data is read from Zigbee module, and be further converted into Ethernet
Communication mode, carry out data upload；Data acquisition unit is to be based on the embedded industry control module hardware platform developments of M-SCM9022.
2. a kind of residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution according to claim 1 and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system, its
It is characterised by：Temperature, relative humidity in the Zigbee subnets synthetical collection room, air velocity, PM2.5 concentration, CO2It is dense
Degree, CO concentration, concentration of formaldehyde, illuminance, noise circumstance parameter, each sensor pass through analog quantity transformation, digital communication, pulse sequence
Row mode is by its signal or data transfer to Zigbee module；Zigbee module completes the analog-to-digital conversion and range of sensor signal
Conversion, or sensing data is directly read, then the sensing data obtained will be sent to by Zigbee radio communications
Data gateway；In a Zigbee subnet, 64 sensor nodes are supported in design, for the biography from data acquisition gateway farther out
Sensor node, data transmission capabilities are strengthened by Zigbee communication repeater.
3. a kind of residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution according to claim 1 and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system, its
It is characterised by：Cloud Server obtains the environmental monitoring data of different geographical, different buildings by Internet network, and then completes
The real-time displays of data, storage, analysis, calculating, the assessment of Health Category and contamination hazard degree；Pc client and mobile client
Access to Cloud Server is also to be completed by Internet network.
4. a kind of residential architecture indoor air chemical pollution according to claim 1 and Health Category evaluation Internet of things system, its
It is characterised by：Zigbee module is gathered simultaneously by analog input, pulsed quantity input, I2C interface, SPI interface, UART interface
Multiple sensor signals, and sensor can be realized and exported using analog quantity or the output of pulse pick-up, or using Direct Digital,
Provided conveniently for the selection of external sensor.
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| CN204406172U (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2015-06-17 | 烟台智慧云谷云计算有限公司 | A kind of home air quality detecting system based on Internet of Things |
| CN204374039U (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-06-03 | 上海迪勤传感技术有限公司 | A kind of indoor air chemical pollution equipment |
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