CN105072676B - Aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method based on TDMA agreement - Google Patents
Aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method based on TDMA agreement Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control methods based on TDMA agreement, it can be with modulation system selecting modulation mode and the required minimum power that sends in order to provide suitable transmission rate according to currently transmitted node-node transmission demand and link, to reach preferable space reuse degree, when node-node transmission demand is smaller, use the modulation system of lowest-order, and using the minimum transmission power that under the modulation system receiving node can be properly received, and when node-node transmission demand is high, according to current network conditions, appropriate modulation system is selected to maximize node-node transmission rate under the premise of not interfering other nodes, and node is sent into power dynamic and is adjusted to receive the minimum transmission power that can be properly received under the modulation system.The present invention extends network life, reduces the interference to neighbor node, promoting network throughput has very important effect for reducing node energy consumption.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aeronautical Ad hoc networks technical fields, and in particular to a kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks power based on TDMA agreement
Control method.
Background technique
When airline carriers of passengers flight, not only need to transmit the control management information of aircraft, it is also necessary to passenger traffic information is transmitted,
As Passenger On Board provides the business such as Real-time voice, data and multimedia communication.And existing airline carriers of passengers mobile communication according to
The transmission mode of signal can be divided into two major classes, and one is the satellite communication networks using space-based, and another method is to establish ground
Net.The former is that the Panasonic Corporation research using satellite network transmission services information, such as AeroMobile company of Britain and Japan is logical
It crosses relaying with geostationary satellite and realizes that internet and telephone service access, California " West Lake village " the company research and development Wideband in the U.S. connect
Enter system, which installs transmission device at the top of passenger plane, is used for and satellite communication, provides Internet access service.It is such
Mode performance is stablized, and switching times are few but involve great expense, and round-trip delay is excessive, is not suitable for real time business and use in civil aviaton's communication
Measure big situation in family.By establishing base net realizes the communication between airline carriers of passengers, the covering established such as Aircell company to the latter
The Aircell broadband system (ATG) in the whole America continent, the system provide wireless network using terrestrial communication networks for Passenger On Board and connect
It connects.Cost is relatively low for this kind of mode, but needs frequent switching；Further, since the coverage area of ground base net is limited, be not suitable for transoceanic fly
Row.
In recent years, with the research that deepens continuously to mobile ad hoc network (mobile Ad Hoc network, MANET),
Application in air communications field has obtained extensive concern, and produces the method for overcoming drawbacks described above --- aeronautical Ad hoc networks
(aeronautical Ad Hoc network, AANET).The main thought of AANET is as follows: a certain range of aviation flight
Control instruction information is mutually forwarded between device, exchanges the data such as respective state of flight, perception information, and connect automatically, is established
Play a MANET.For aeronautical Ad hoc networks due to establishing communication link using aircraft itself, each aircraft itself has transceiver and road concurrently
By the function of device, air communications is realized by constituting self-organizing network, therefore can be used as the important supplement of space-based network and ground base net,
It is of great practical significance.
The MAC protocol of aeronautical Ad hoc networks controls the shared access to channel, distributes limited wireless channel money for user
Can source, therefore, MAC protocol rationally play great influence to network performance using limited channel resources.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks are special
Be not transoceanic aeronautical Ad hoc networks it is a kind of special MANET, has its particularity: the general transmission range of interplane in aeronautical Ad hoc networks
It is very long, caused by propagation delay it is larger.In addition, aeronautical Ad hoc networks need support real time business and continuous big data business.In addition,
Quickly due to aviation joint movements speed, the relative position of node is caused to change frequently, node continually adds or exits network,
Cause network topology change rapid.Therefore, the present invention has selected the TDMA agreement based on Slot Allocation Algorithm.
The power control algorithm of MAC protocol is mainly in the control for sending watt level.On the one hand, although airline carriers of passengers
There is engine to power for it, it also requires battery is its auxiliary power supply, energy is limited.And under current technological conditions,
About 20% or so can only be improved within the capacity of battery every 10 years, therefore, battery is a kind of resource of preciousness.On the other hand, change hair
It send power that can change transmission range, directly affects network topology and space reuse degree.The MAC protocol of aeronautical Ad hoc networks is simultaneously at present
Corresponding power control mechanism is not added, data are generally sent using constant power, transmission range is certain, and lead to a conflict range
Centainly, space reuse degree and network throughput are not optimized.
Summary of the invention
The application is by providing a kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method based on TDMA agreement, to solve the prior art
Middle aeronautical Ad hoc networks generally use a fixed transmission power, the modulation system of fixation, so as to cause communication range and transmission
Rate is fixed, and the technical problem of raising of space reuse degree and network throughput etc. is limited.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the application is achieved using following technical scheme:
S1: when MAC layer has data packet to need to send, judging performance rate needed for transmission node, if transmission node needs
It asks high, then enters step S2, otherwise, enter step S6；
S2: the transmission lower limit of the power value under each modulation system is calculated by power control module；
S3: the transmission power upper limit value calculated by power control module；
S4: it selects one to meet in the transmission lower limit of the power value under each modulation system and is less than transmission power upper limit value most
Big value is as transmission power；
S5: modulation system is changed to provide the modulation system of peak transfer rate under current network state, and is entered
Step S7；
S6: selection lowest-order modulation system, and using the transmission lower limit of the power value under the modulation system as transmission power；
S7: according to the modulation system and its corresponding data packet for sending power and sending MAC layer of selection.
The MAC protocol of aeronautical Ad hoc networks controls the shared access to channel, distributes limited wireless channel money for user
Can source, therefore, MAC protocol rationally play great influence to network performance using limited channel resources.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks are special
Be not transoceanic aeronautical Ad hoc networks it is a kind of special MANET, there is its particularity.The general transmission range of interplane in aeronautical Ad hoc networks
It is very long, caused by propagation delay it is larger.In addition, aeronautical Ad hoc networks need support real time business and continuous big data business.In addition,
Quickly due to aviation joint movements speed, the relative position of node is caused to change frequently, node continually adds or exits network,
Cause network topology change rapid.Therefore, the present invention selects the TDMA agreement based on Slot Allocation Algorithm.
The power control algorithm of rate adaptation, main thought are suitable according to present node transmission demand dynamic select
Modulation system is in order to provide reasonable transmission rate, and at the same time, minimum needed for selecting the modulation system sends power, so as to
Reach preferable space reuse degree.When node-node transmission demand is smaller, using the modulation system of lowest-order, and the modulation methods are used
It can make the minimum transmission power that receiving node is properly received under formula.And when node-node transmission demand is high, it is believed that as early as possible will need at this time
Packet is sent, and therefore, according to current network conditions, selects appropriate modulation system maximum under the premise of not interfering other nodes
Change node-node transmission rate, and node is sent into power dynamic and is adjusted to the minimum transmission that debit under the modulation system can be properly received
Power.
Further, the transmission lower limit of the power value in step S2 and step S6 are as follows:Wherein
Pt_th is minimum transmission power threshold, and Pr_th is the minimum reception power threshold obtained under certain bit error rate target,
And Pr_th=SNRth*noise, SNRth are signal-noise ratio threshold value, noise is current noise, and d is that sending node and reception save
Distance between point, and obtained by ADS-B system, n is path attenuation coefficient, and λ is carrier wavelength, and Gt is transmitter antenna gain,
Gr is receiver antenna gain.
The distance between sending node and receiving node d can be by ADS-B (Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast) systems of aircraft
It obtains, ADS-B system is the monitoring system of air traffic services (ATS) complementation, and any aircraft for loading ADS-B system can week
Its own state vector of the broadcast of phase property give other aircrafts, the four-dimensional location information including aircraft: longitude, latitude, height and when
Between and other additional informations.Other aircrafts and ground control equipment in communication range can receive ADS-B system
Information.After each aircraft receives the ADS-B information from other aircraft nodes, by generating neighbor table after processing, i.e., in determination
When transmission power, neighbor table is read from ADS-B system, the distance between sending node and receiving node d can be obtained.
Path attenuation coefficient n may be considered definite value within the of short duration time for sending message, and aircraft flight range can
It is assumed to be free space, the n of free space is commonly considered as 2；Carrier wavelength lambda, transmitter antenna gain G t, receiver antenna increase
Beneficial Gr can be directly acquired when communication system determines.Therefore, under constant transmissions rate conditions, a kind of modulation is selected
After mode, minimum reception power threshold Pr_th can be obtained under certain bit error rate target, to can get minimum hair
Send power threshold Pt_th.It is assumed that optional modulation system has BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, the minimum reception being calculated
Power threshold is respectively Pr_th1, Pr_th2, Pr_th3, Pr_th4, is obtaining carrier wavelength lambda, path loss n, transmitter
Antenna gain Gt, receiver antenna gain Gr and by ADS-B system obtain sending and receiving end distance d after, it is available four kinds modulation
The minimum transmission power threshold of mode, is denoted as Pt_th1, Pt_th2, Pt_th3, Pt_th4, is illustrated respectively in different modulating side
Under formula, in order to make receiver be properly received the smallest transmission power needed for signal.If selecting a certain modulation system, then sending out
It penetrates machine and sends the minimum transmission power that power is then adjusted to the modulation system, to obtain higher space reuse degree.
The transmission rate of node is related with modulation system used by node, and node modulation system gets over high-order, then one
Data entrained by symbol are more, and if the next symbol of BPSK modulation system can carry 1bit data, QPSK can carry 2bit
Data, and 16QAM and 64QAM can carry 4bit and 6bit data respectively.Therefore, the transmission that the modulation system of high-order can be provided
Rate is higher, and changing transmission rate is substantially exactly to change modulation system.
When node-node transmission demand is larger, user wishes the transmission rate of node, and the higher the better, so as to as soon as possible will packet transmitting
It finishes.Therefore, user wishes the modulation system for selecting higher order as much as possible.But the modulation system required signal-to-noise ratio of more high-order
Thresholding is higher, then required the smallest transmission power (sending lower limit of the power value) is bigger.And it improves transmission power and will increase interference
Range, therefore, sending power cannot be excessive, it is desirable that does not interfere other nodes.In addition, transmitter hardware condition also limits transmitting
The maximum power that machine can be transmitted.By the limitation of the two conditions, sending power, there are a theoretical upper limit values.
The transmission power upper limit value of step S3 are as follows: Pt_max=min { Pt_max1, Pt_max2 }, i.e. transmission power upper limit
Value Pt_max is the hair that the transmission power upper limit value Pt_max1 determined by recipient's detection threshold and transmitter hardware condition determine
The smaller value between upper limit of the power value Pt_max2 is sent, whereinPd is receiving node detection
Threshold value, dacFor the distance between sending node a and nearest interfering nodes c.
Receiving node detection threshold value Pd is determined by hardware, is certain value.When sending node a is with the transmission function of Pt_max1
When rate is sent, the power for reaching nearest noise spot c is exactly detection threshold value Pd, i.e. node c is just disturbed, therefore, in order to
It avoids not interfering other nodes in the transmission process of node a, Pt < Pt_max1 should be met by sending power P t.Further, since hair
The hardware condition limitation of machine is penetrated, the transmission power of transmitter can not be infinitely great, is determined accordingly, there exist another by originator hardware condition
Fixed transmission power upper limit, generally certain value, are denoted as Pt_max2.Similarly, Pt < Pt_max2.Therefore, available hair
Send power that should meet: Pt < min { Pt_max1, Pt_max2 }.
Further, step S2 is specifically included:
S21: the signal-noise ratio threshold of each modulation system is obtained by bit error rate target；
S22: according to present channel noise, the minimum reception power door that debit under each modulation system can be properly received is calculated
Limit value；
S23: the transmission lower limit of the power value that debit can be properly received is calculated.
Bit error rate target as defined in system has determined signal-noise ratio threshold value, and signal-noise ratio threshold value SNRth and present channel
Noise noise multiplication can be received power threshold Pr_th, thus according to formulaIt calculates
It obtains and sends lower limit of the power value Pt_th.
Further, step S3 is specifically included:
S31: transmission is calculated according to recipient's detection threshold and the distance between sending node and nearest interfering nodes
Upper limit of the power value Pt_max1；
S32: the transmission power upper limit value Pt_max2 determined by transmitter hardware condition is determined；
S33: smaller value is as transmission power upper limit value between selection Pt_max1 and Pt_max2.
Antenna as emit and receive radio wave component, be widely used in wireless system, it is clear that it to aviation from
Networking is also to mean a great.A large amount of aeronautical Ad hoc networks all use omnidirectional antenna at present, i.e., so all uniform spoke on direction
It penetrates, so all neighbor nodes around a pair of of communication node require to keep out of the way to prevent from interfering.Therefore omnidirectional antenna is used
Interference is increased, space reuse degree and network throughput are limited.Compared to omnidirectional antenna, directional aerial exists due to transmitting and receiving
Possess many merits on a certain specific direction, such as low interference, high spatial reusing degree, long transmission ranges, high network throughput etc.
Deng.The transmission or reception that data packet is carried out using the adaptive array antenna of four wave beam compositions, wherein each wave cover
An angle of 90 degrees, allow node simultaneously on four direction send or receive signal, but each direction cannot send simultaneously or
Person receives.
Further, modulation system successively includes BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM from low order to high-order.
In digital communication systems, usually require that the bit error rate reached is 1e-5, therefore, bit error rate target of the invention is
1e-5。
Compared with prior art, technical solution provided by the present application, the technical effect or advantage having are:.Using rate
ADAPTIVE CONTROL can reduce interference, and for increasing space reuse degree, promote network throughput and also play an important role, make
Space reuse degree can be improved with directional aerial, increase network throughput.This improves its internetworking for optimizing aeronautical Ad hoc networks
It can and improve user experience to be of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the error probability curve of various modulation systems under awgn channel；
Fig. 3 is ADS-B system and power control module relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is communication range and disturbance range schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is multi-beam adaptive array antenna illustraton of model；
Fig. 6 is simulating scenes schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is TCP flow handling capacity simulation result diagram；
Fig. 8 is UDP flow packet loss simulation result diagram.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present application is existing to solve by providing a kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method based on TDMA agreement
Have in technology and data are sent because transmission range is fixed using constant power, and the range that leads to a conflict is certain, it can not be to spatial reuse
Degree and network throughput optimize equal technical problem, and the present invention extends network life, reduction pair for reducing node energy consumption
The interference of neighbor node, promoting network throughput has very important effect.
In order to better understand the above technical scheme, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments, it is right
Above-mentioned technical proposal is described in detail.
Embodiment
A kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method based on TDMA agreement, the system use TDMA protocol realization rate certainly
The power control of adaptation dynamically adjusts the modulation system given out a contract for a project according to Network status and transmission demand when giving out a contract for a project and sends function
Rate, as shown in Figure 1, specifically comprising the following steps:
S1: when MAC layer has data packet to need to send, judging performance rate needed for transmission node, if transmission node needs
It asks high, then enters step S2, otherwise, enter step S6；
S2: the transmission lower limit of the power value under each modulation system is calculated by power control module；
S3: the transmission power upper limit value calculated by power control module；
S4: it selects one to meet in the transmission lower limit of the power value under each modulation system and is less than transmission power upper limit value most
Big value is as transmission power；
S5: modulation system is changed to provide the modulation system of peak transfer rate under current network state, and is entered
Step S7；
S6: selection lowest-order modulation system, and using the transmission lower limit of the power value under the modulation system as transmission power；
S7: MAC layer data packet is sent according to the modulation system of selection and its corresponding transmission power.
The MAC protocol of aeronautical Ad hoc networks controls the shared access to channel, distributes limited wireless channel money for user
Can source, therefore, MAC protocol rationally play great influence to network performance using limited channel resources.Aeronautical Ad hoc networks are special
Be not transoceanic aeronautical Ad hoc networks it is a kind of special MANET, there is its particularity.The general transmission range of interplane in aeronautical Ad hoc networks
It is very long, caused by propagation delay it is larger.In addition, aeronautical Ad hoc networks need support real time business and continuous big data business.In addition,
Quickly due to aviation joint movements speed, the relative position of node is caused to change frequently, node continually adds or exits network,
Cause network topology change rapid.Therefore, the present invention selects the TDMA agreement based on Slot Allocation Algorithm.
The power control algorithm of rate adaptation, main thought are suitable according to present node transmission demand dynamic select
Modulation system is in order to provide reasonable transmission rate, and at the same time, minimum needed for selecting the modulation system sends power, so as to
Reach preferable space reuse degree.When node-node transmission demand is smaller, using the modulation system of lowest-order, and the modulation methods are used
It can make the minimum transmission power that receiving node is properly received under formula.And when node-node transmission demand is high, it is believed that as early as possible will need at this time
Packet is sent, and therefore, according to current network conditions, selects appropriate modulation system maximum under the premise of not interfering other nodes
Change node-node transmission rate, and node is sent into power dynamic and is adjusted to the minimum transmission that debit under the modulation system can be properly received
Power.
Further, the transmission lower limit of the power value in step S2 and step S6 are as follows:Wherein
Pt_th is minimum transmission power threshold, and Pr_th is the minimum reception power threshold obtained under certain bit error rate target,
And Pr_th=SNRth*noise, SNRth are signal-noise ratio threshold value, noise is current noise, and d is that sending node and reception save
Distance between point, and obtained by ADS-B system, n is path attenuation coefficient, and λ is carrier wavelength, and Gt is transmitter antenna gain,
Gr is receiver antenna gain.
It is most basic noise and interference model as shown in Figure 2 --- 4 kinds under AWGN (additive white Gaussian noise) channel
The error probability curve of modulation system.Error probability curve indicates the relationship of BER (bit error rate) and SNR (signal-to-noise ratio), the bit error rate
It is reduced with the increase of signal-to-noise ratio, therefore, signal-to-noise ratio more high bit-error is lower.User can determine a bit error rate target
BERth represents requirement of the user for the reliability of communication system, if the bit error rate of receiving end is higher than BERth, then this is
System is insecure.Signal-noise ratio threshold value SNRth can be obtained by error probability curve and bit error rate requirement BERth, that is, received
The signal-to-noise ratio at end has to be larger than SNRth and is just able to satisfy reliability requirement, just thinks that receiving end received correctly the signal of originator.It is different
The error probability curve of modulation system is different, more signal-noise ratio threshold of the modulation system of high-order under same bit error rate requirement more
It is high.In digital communication systems, usually require that the bit error rate performance reached is 1e-5, therefore, the bit error rate is targeted by by the present invention
1e-5。
The distance between sending node and receiving node d can be by ADS-B (Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast) systems of aircraft
It obtains, ADS-B system is the monitoring system of air traffic services (ATS) complementation, and any aircraft for loading ADS-B system can week
Its own state vector of the broadcast of phase property give other aircrafts, the four-dimensional location information including aircraft: longitude, latitude, height and when
Between and other additional informations.Other aircrafts and ground control equipment in communication range can receive ADS-B system
Information.As shown in figure 3, after each aircraft receives the ADS-B information from other aircraft nodes, by generating neighbours after processing
Table reads neighbor table from ADS-B system that is, when determining that MAC layer data packet needs to emit, and can obtain sending node and connect
The distance between node d is received, to calculate corresponding transmission power by power control module.
Path attenuation coefficient n may be considered definite value within the of short duration time for sending message, and aircraft flight range can
It is assumed to be free space, the n of free space is commonly considered as 2；Carrier wavelength lambda, transmitter antenna gain G t, receiver antenna increase
Beneficial Gr can be directly acquired when communication system determines.Therefore, under constant transmissions rate conditions, a kind of modulation is selected
After mode, minimum reception power threshold Pr_th can be obtained under certain bit error rate target, to can get minimum hair
Send power threshold Pt_th.It is assumed that optional modulation system has BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, the minimum reception being calculated
Power threshold is respectively Pr_th1, Pr_th2, Pr_th3, Pr_th4, is obtaining carrier wavelength lambda, path loss n, transmitter
Antenna gain Gt, receiver antenna gain Gr and by ADS-B system obtain sending and receiving end distance d after, it is available four kinds modulation
The minimum transmission power threshold of mode, is denoted as Pt_th1, Pt_th2, Pt_th3, Pt_th4, is illustrated respectively in different modulating side
Under formula, in order to make receiver be properly received the smallest transmission power needed for signal.If selecting a certain modulation system, then sending out
It penetrates machine and sends the minimum transmission power that power is then adjusted to the modulation system, to obtain higher space reuse degree.
The transmission rate of node is related with modulation system used by node, and node modulation system gets over high-order, then one
Data entrained by symbol are more, and if the next symbol of BPSK modulation system can carry 1bit data, QPSK can carry 2bit
Data, and 16QAM and 64QAM can carry 4bit and 6bit data respectively.Therefore, the transmission that the modulation system of high-order can be provided
Rate is higher, and changing transmission rate is substantially exactly to change modulation system.
When node-node transmission demand is larger, user wishes the transmission rate of node, and the higher the better, so as to as soon as possible will packet transmitting
It finishes.Therefore, user wishes the modulation system for selecting higher order as much as possible.But the modulation system required signal-to-noise ratio of more high-order
Thresholding is higher, then required the smallest transmission power (sending lower limit of the power value) is bigger.And it improves transmission power and will increase interference
Range, therefore, sending power cannot be excessive, it is desirable that does not interfere other nodes.In addition, transmitter hardware condition also limits transmitting
The maximum power that machine can be transmitted.By the limitation of the two conditions, sending power, there are a theoretical upper limit values.
As shown in figure 4, sending node a sends message to receiving node b, node c is another node in network.If node
C can also receive the message of node a when receiving the message that other nodes are sent, then message can collide at node c,
So the normal communication of node c can be disturbed.To send out node c by node a when receiving the message that other nodes are sent
The message sent is interfered, and node c should be in other than the disturbance range of node a.Node c is known as potential disturbed node.Potential quilt
Interfering nodes may have it is multiple, we only need to find node nearest from node a in these nodes (can be by ADS-B system
So the location information of node is found).It is assumed that node c is exactly the interfering nodes nearest from node a, node a is then enabled
Disturbance range do not include node c, then other interfering nodes also one are scheduled on other than the disturbance range of node a.Therefore, node a exists
Adjustment must be noted that its disturbance range cannot include node c when sending power.Critical state is that the disturbance range of node a is lucky
It does not include node c.
The transmission power upper limit value of step S3 are as follows: Pt_max=min { Pt_max1, Pt_max2 }, i.e. transmission power upper limit
Value Pt_max is the hair that the transmission power upper limit value Pt_max1 determined by recipient's detection threshold and transmitter hardware condition determine
The smaller value between upper limit of the power value Pt_max2 is sent, whereinPd is receiving node detection
Threshold value, dacFor the distance between sending node a and nearest interfering nodes c.
Receiving node detection threshold value Pd is determined by hardware, is certain value.When sending node a is with the transmission function of Pt_max1
When rate is sent, the power for reaching nearest noise spot c is exactly detection threshold value Pd, i.e. node c is just disturbed, therefore, in order to
It avoids not interfering other nodes in the transmission process of node a, Pt < Pt_max1 should be met by sending power P t.Further, since hair
The hardware condition limitation of machine is penetrated, the transmission power of transmitter can not be infinitely great, is determined accordingly, there exist another by originator hardware condition
Fixed transmission power upper limit, generally certain value, are denoted as Pt_max2.Similarly, Pt < Pt_max2.Therefore, available hair
Send power that should meet: Pt < min { Pt_max1, Pt_max2 }.
Further, step S2 is specifically included:
S21: the signal-noise ratio threshold of each modulation system is obtained by bit error rate target；
S22: according to present channel noise, the minimum reception power door that debit under each modulation system can be properly received is calculated
Limit value；
S23: the transmission lower limit of the power value that debit can be properly received is calculated.
Bit error rate target as defined in system has determined signal-noise ratio threshold value, and signal-noise ratio threshold value SNRth and present channel
Noise noise multiplication can be received power threshold Pr_th, thus according to formulaIt calculates
It obtains and sends lower limit of the power value Pt_th.
Further, step S3 is specifically included:
S31: transmission is calculated according to recipient's detection threshold and the distance between sending node and nearest interfering nodes
Upper limit of the power value Pt_max1；
S32: the transmission power upper limit value Pt_max2 determined by transmitter hardware condition is determined；
S33: smaller value is as transmission power upper limit value between selection Pt_max1 and Pt_max2.
Antenna as emit and receive radio wave component, be widely used in wireless system, it is clear that it to aviation from
Networking is also to mean a great.A large amount of aeronautical Ad hoc networks all use omnidirectional antenna at present, i.e., so all uniform spoke on direction
It penetrates, so all neighbor nodes around a pair of of communication node require to keep out of the way to prevent from interfering.Therefore omnidirectional antenna is used
Interference is increased, space reuse degree and network throughput are limited.Compared to omnidirectional antenna, directional aerial exists due to transmitting and receiving
Possess many merits on a certain specific direction, such as low interference, high spatial reusing degree, long transmission ranges, high network throughput etc.
Deng.The adaptive array antenna formed using four wave beams, wherein each wave cover an angle of 90 degrees, allows node to exist simultaneously
Perhaps reception signal is sent on four direction but each direction cannot send or receive simultaneously.The distribution of wave beam 1,2,3,4 is such as
Shown in Fig. 5.
Further, modulation system successively includes BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM from low order to high-order.
In order to further verify the significant of the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method of the present invention based on TDMA agreement
Effect, now to use rate adaptation power control TDMA agreement with without related power controlling mechanism TDMA agreement into
Row comparative analysis, the performance for the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method that the assessment present invention designs.
In simulating scenes, the superiority-inferiority of Poewr control method is verified provided with a simple topological network.Simply
Topological network be made of six aircraft nodes, observe simulation result for convenience, this six nodes move with uniform velocity to the right.
The movement velocity of node 3 is 10km/s, and the movement velocity of remaining five node is 1km/s.Entire scene size is 1000*
1000km, six node topologies are as shown in Figure 6:
1. handling capacity emulates
When emulating handling capacity, the TDMA agreement using power control strategy of the present invention is simulated respectively and does not have power control
The relational graph that the handling capacity of the TDMA agreement of making mechanism changes over time, as shown in Figure 7.Network parameter setting is as shown in table 1, this
Outside, for the ease of observing simulation result, node 1, which is only arranged, business generation, and destination node is set as node 2, then gulping down
The amount of spitting is generated during sending out data to node 2 by node 1.
1 throughput network parameter setting of table
In Fig. 7, what △ tag line part indicated is handled up using the TDMA agreement of rate adaptation power control
The curve graph changed with simulation time is measured, zero tag line part is the TDMA agreement handling capacity timing of not power control mechanism
Figure.It can be seen that during increasing over time, the handling capacity of the △ tag line part handling capacity with zero tag line part before this
Almost, it was far longer than zero tag line part later, and the variation of its handling capacity there are apparent three phases.This is because not having
BPSK modulation system is used always using the TDMA agreement of power control, transmission rate is fixed and smaller, and handling capacity is restricted.
And the TDMA agreement for using rate adaptation power control thinks that current traffic is larger and needs to select higher order as far as possible
Modulation system to maximize transmission rate, allow packet sending out as early as possible.But the premise for changing modulation system is cannot to interfere
Node 3.The position of node 3 is especially close from node 2 when just starting, and interfering nodes 3, the modulation system of use can only be in order to prevent
BPSK；As node 3 is gradually distance from node 2, when node 1 is calculated using QPSK will not interfering nodes 3, node 1 will just adjust
Mode processed changes into QPSK, sends power and also makees corresponding change, and therefore, the message transmission rate of node 1 is original twice, because
This handling capacity is increased quickly；When node 3 is farther from node 1, modulation system becomes 16QAM, and transmission rate is again than upper one
Graduated increasing one times, handling capacity is higher, therefore the three phases that handling capacity changes in figure occurs.
2. packet loss emulates
When emulating packet loss, the TDMA agreement using power control strategy of the present invention is simulated respectively and does not have power control
The packet loss of the TDMA agreement of making mechanism with interval variation of giving out a contract for a project relational graph, as shown in Figure 8.Network parameter is arranged such as 2 institute of table
Show, in addition, still only setting node 1 has business generation, and destination node only has node 2 for the ease of observing simulation result.Emulation
Mode is to change interval of giving out a contract for a project every time, and all emulation is primary again, and each simulation time is all 50s, calculates losing in this time emulation
Packet rate obtains the packet loss under being spaced of giving out a contract for a project.It repeats to emulate repeatedly, obtains multi-group data, just obtained by discrete curve
Figure.
The setting of 2 packet loss network parameter of table
Using the TDMA agreement and the not no packet loss of the TDMA agreement of power control mechanism of rate adaptation power control
Rate with operation layer give out a contract for a project interval variation curve graph difference it is as shown in Figure 8.Giving out a contract for a project, interval is shorter to show that operation layer generates the speed wrapped
It spends faster.It is medium to be sent that interface queue can be put into after operation layer generation packet.If it is too fast that operation layer generates speed packet, and node
Have little time to send, queue will overflow to cause packet loss.Therefore, with the increase at interval of giving out a contract for a project, the speed of packet is sent gradually
Slack-off, packet loss can be progressively reduced until to be 0, so two curves are all to be gradually decrease until 0.But obviously may be used from Fig. 7
It, will be much smaller than not power control mechanism using the packet loss of the TDMA agreement of rate adaptation power control to find out
The packet loss of TDMA agreement.This is because the TDMA agreement for using rate adaptation power control can be excessive when wrapping in queue
When, using the modulation system for the most high-order for not interfering other nodes, transmission rate can be promoted very much, wrapped the number transferred out and wanted
It is more, therefore packet loss will be less.And when being divided into 0.012 between giving out a contract for a project, the speed that operation layer generates packet is slower, in queue
Packet number is less, and queue does not overflow, packet loss 0.
By emulation it can be concluded that, power control is used with no using the TDMA agreement of rate adaptation power control
The TDMA agreement of mechanism is compared, and is greatly improved network throughput, is reduced packet loss.
In above-described embodiment of the application, by providing a kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks power control side based on TDMA agreement
Method, according to the currently transmitted suitable modulation system of node-node transmission demand dynamic select in order to provide reasonable transmission rate, simultaneously
Minimum needed for selecting the modulation system sends power, to reach preferable space reuse degree, when node-node transmission demand is smaller
When, power is sent using the modulation system of lowest-order, and using the minimum that under the modulation system receiving node can be properly received,
And when node-node transmission demand is high, according to current network conditions, appropriate modulation methods are selected under the premise of not interfering other nodes
Formula maximizes node-node transmission rate, and node is sent power dynamic and is adjusted to what reception under the modulation system can be properly received
Minimum sends power.The present invention extends network life, reduces the interference to neighbor node, promote net for reducing node energy consumption
Network handling capacity has very important effect.
It should be pointed out that the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, the present invention is also not limited to the example above,
Variation, modification, addition or the replacement that those skilled in the art are made within the essential scope of the present invention, are also answered
It belongs to the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method based on TDMA agreement, which is characterized in that using TDMA protocol realization speed
The adaptive power control of rate dynamically adjusts the modulation system given out a contract for a project and hair according to Network status and transmission demand when giving out a contract for a project
Power is sent, is specifically comprised the following steps:
S1: when MAC layer has data packet to need to send, judging performance rate needed for transmission node, if transmission node demand is high,
S2 is then entered step, otherwise, enters step S6；
S2: the transmission lower limit of the power value under each modulation system is calculated by power control module；
S3: the transmission power upper limit value calculated by power control module；
S4: one is selected to meet the maximum value for being less than transmission power upper limit value in the transmission lower limit of the power value under each modulation system
As transmission power；
S5: modulation system is changed to provide the modulation system of peak transfer rate under current network state, and is entered step
S7；
S6: selection lowest-order modulation system, and using the transmission lower limit of the power value under the modulation system as transmission power；
S7: MAC layer data packet is sent according to the modulation system of selection and its corresponding transmission power；
The modulation system successively includes BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM from low order to high-order；
Transmission power upper limit value in step S3 are as follows: Pt_max=min { Pt_max1, Pt_max2 }, i.e. transmission power upper limit value
Pt_max is the transmission that the transmission power upper limit value Pt_max1 determined by recipient's detection threshold and transmitter hardware condition determine
Smaller value between upper limit of the power value Pt_max2, whereinPd is that receiving node detects door
Limit value, dacFor the distance between sending node a and nearest interfering nodes c, obtained by reading neighbor table from ADS-B system, n
For path attenuation coefficient, λ is carrier wavelength, and Gt is transmitter antenna gain, and Gr is receiver antenna gain.
2. the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method according to claim 1 based on TDMA agreement, which is characterized in that step
Transmission lower limit of the power value in S2 and step S6 are as follows:Wherein Pt_th is minimum transmission power door
Limit value, Pr_th are the minimum reception power threshold obtained under certain bit error rate target, and Pr_th=SNRth*noise,
SNRth is signal-noise ratio threshold value, and noise is current noise, d distance between sending node and receiving node, and passes through ADS-B system
System obtains.
3. the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method according to claim 1 based on TDMA agreement, which is characterized in that step
S2 is specifically included:
S21: the signal-noise ratio threshold of each modulation system is obtained by bit error rate target；
S22: according to present channel noise, the minimum reception power threshold that debit under each modulation system can be properly received is calculated
Value；
S23: the transmission lower limit of the power value that debit can be properly received is calculated.
4. the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method according to claim 1 based on TDMA agreement, which is characterized in that step
S3 is specifically included:
S31: transmission power is calculated according to recipient's detection threshold and the distance between sending node and nearest interfering nodes
Upper limit value Pt_max1；
S32: the transmission power upper limit value Pt_max2 determined by transmitter hardware condition is determined；
S33: smaller value is as transmission power upper limit value between selection Pt_max1 and Pt_max2.
5. the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method according to claim 1 based on TDMA agreement, which is characterized in that in step
Adaptive array antenna transmission or the received data packet that four wave beams compositions are used in rapid S7, wherein 90 degree of each wave cover
Angle allows node to send or receive simultaneously signal on four direction.
6. the aeronautical Ad hoc networks Poewr control method according to claim 3 based on TDMA agreement, which is characterized in that the mistake
Code rate target is 1e-5。
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