CN105072659A - Multi-hop wireless sensor network with high transmission rate - Google Patents
Multi-hop wireless sensor network with high transmission rate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-hop wireless sensor network with high transmission rate. The network organization is composed of a wireless gateway comprising N independent radio frequency modules communicating on N channels, N routing nodes comprising double radio frequency modules, and leaf nodes on N clusters of different channels. The N routing nodes respectively comprise a first radio frequency module and a second radio frequency module corresponding to different channels, so that each routing node can perform receiving and transmitting of data packets simultaneously, and data transmission efficiency can be improved greatly. The leaf nodes on the N clusters of different channels transmit the data to the N routing nodes on corresponding channels, the N routing nodes transfer and transmit the data to the M-level routing node level by level, and then, the M-level routing node forwards the data to the wireless gateway comprising N channels. A long-distance data transmission mode with high transmission rate is realized truly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wireless sensor technology field, be specifically related to a kind of high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network.
Background technology
Wireless sensing network system has application very widely, such as monitoring structural health conditions, video monitoring, vehicle monitoring, production environment and device status monitoring, measuring of human health etc.Wherein, many applications propose requirements at the higher level to the Long-range Data Transmission efficiency that radio sensing network possesses, and need wireless sensor network system can have higher data transmission rate under multi-hop long-distance transmissions.
As Multimedia Data Transmission, the radio sensing networks such as monitoring structural health conditions are all the applications of the wireless sensor network system towards high transmission rates, big data quantity.For the monitoring structural health conditions of U.S. Gold Gate Bridge, bridge arranges 64 acceleration transducers.After the sampling of one-period, system can produce the data of 20MB, and data volume is very large.In Multimedia Data Transmission, in order to keep the fluency of data, more need high data transmission rate.But the transmission rate based on IEEE802.15.4 agreement is maximum just can reach 250kbps, when the data quantitative change of ad-hoc network is large, this network rate cannot meet the demands.Therefore need multi channel networks to improve the network bandwidth, increase multiple channel to improve the transfer rate of network.But multi-channel protocol can not solve the restriction that node injection frequency module structure is brought, conventional radio node is as Micaz, Telosb and Imote etc., be single control chip injection frequency module structure, data in multiple channel can not be processed simultaneously, real-time is not enough, data capacity is limited to the 250kbps that IEEE802.15.4 agreement specifies, the data of multiple transmission still need be received by switching channels successively by base station; Most of multi-channel protocol needs node to send beacon frame control channel with upper frequency, takies the sending time slots of Frame, increases the burden of data capacity.Therefore the data transmission rate of injection frequency module multi channel networks still receives the serious restriction of injection frequency module.
When network transmission scope is larger, how when not affecting network high transmission rates, the distance realizing the transfer of data of network extends, and is also a problem needing to solve.At present, transmit continuously at a distance for realizing multi-hop, domestic and international many scientific research institutions carry out network transfer of data by disposing the routing node with complicated Routing Protocol extends.Although these routing nodes can extend transmission range, the introducing of routing node but greatly reduces transfer rate and the network throughput of network.First, the Routing Software consultation of the complexity on routing node greatly takies node resource and operational efficiency; Secondly, routing node is all generally injection frequency module node, cannot realize parallel receive at synchronization and send data, thus cause data can not carry out transfer in real time.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, technical problem to be solved by this invention is that in prior art, wireless sensor network transfer rate when long distance is low, network transmission bandwidth utilance is low when multinode.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, comprising N bar channel, N foliage child node, N group routing node and a radio network gateway; Each group routing node comprises M level routing node, N and M is the natural number being greater than 1; Wherein:
Packet is dealt into the first order routing node on corresponding receive channel by the leaf node inside same channel on respective transmitting channel, first order routing node step by step by Packet Generation to M level routing node, last M level routing node sends the data to radio network gateway; Control command is sent to M level routing node by radio network gateway, control command is sent on the routing node of the first order by M level routing node step by step, then control command is broadcast to all leaf nodes of respective channels by first order routing node, and each leaf node performs corresponding actions according to control command.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, each routing node utilizes the control command in the aperture time reception respective channel of transmission packet, utilizes the aperture time receiving packet control command to be sent to the upper level routing node of same channel corresponding to it.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, each routing node comprises the first radio-frequency module and second radio-frequency module of corresponding different channels;
First radio-frequency module for receiving the packet in respective channel, and utilizes the aperture time receiving packet control command to be forwarded to upper level routing node or the leaf node of same channel corresponding to it;
Second radio-frequency module for receiving the control command in respective channel, and utilizes the aperture time receiving control command packet to be forwarded to next stage routing node or the radio network gateway of same channel corresponding to it.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, radio network gateway comprises N number of independent radio frequency module and a control radio-frequency module;
Each independent radio frequency module, the packet that the M level routing node for receiving in respective channel sends;
Control radio-frequency module, for periodically sending the control command of the time synchronized for ensureing all leaf nodes.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, radio network gateway, each routing node and each leaf node are all operated in similar frequency bands.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, similar frequency bands is 2.42-2.4835GHZ or frequency range 233MHZ-928MHZ or frequency range 5.725-5.850GH.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, under frequency range 2.42-2.4835GHZ, the maximum transmission distance between leaf node and first order routing node, between adjacent two-stage routing node, between M level routing node and radio network gateway is 100 meters;
Under frequency range 2.42-2.4835GHZ and frequency range 233MHZ-928MHZ, the maximum transmission distance between leaf node and first order routing node, between adjacent two-stage routing node, between M level routing node and radio network gateway is 7000 meters.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, each leaf node adopts CSMA mechanism transmission state or TDMA mechanism transmission state;
When adopting CSMA mechanism transmission state to send packet, as long as leaf node detects respective channel, namely the free time sends packet;
When adopting TDMA mechanism transmission state, leaf node sends packet according to the sequential preset.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, radio network gateway, also for by detecting the frame format of packet and packet length filter false packet or mess code packet.
Preferably, in described high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, radio network gateway, also for increasing CRC check code at the packet afterbody received.
Technique scheme of the present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology:
High transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network of the present invention, comprises the radio network gateway with the N number of independent radio frequency module communicated on N bar channel, N number of routing node, leaf node on N number of bunch of different channels with Double RF module becomes.Because routing node has the first radio-frequency module and second radio-frequency module of corresponding different channels, two radio-frequency modules therefore can be utilized to carry out reception and the transmission of packet respectively simultaneously.First radio-frequency module can utilize the aperture time sending controling instruction receiving upper level routing node data, second radio-frequency module can utilize the aperture time reception control command sending data to next stage routing node, thus can greatly improve the efficiency of transmission of data.First radio-frequency module and the second radio-frequency module can receive from the packet of upper level routing node and the control command from next stage routing node simultaneously.
In the present invention, data to be sent to the N number of first order routing node in respective channels by the leaf node on N number of bunch of different channels according to TDMA (TimeDivisionMultipleAccess) agreement or CSMA (CarrierSenseMultipleAccess) agreement, by this N number of first order routing node, data are passed to M level routing node step by step, then by M level routing node by data retransmission to the radio network gateway having N number of channel.Adopt such scheme, if 2.4GHZ network is when one jumps as 40-70m, in N number of channel, each channel maximum transfer rate can reach about 1Mbps, and whole Network Maximum Transmission rate can to about N*1Mbps.If 1GHZ then can realize when one jumps as 3km-7km with lower network, in N number of channel, each channel maximum transfer rate can reach about 1Mkbps, and whole Network Maximum Transmission rate can to about N*1Mbps.Achieve data transfer mode that is remote, high transmission rates.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make content of the present invention be more likely to be clearly understood, below according to a particular embodiment of the invention and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
The networking schematic diagram that Fig. 1 is wireless sensor network described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is radio network gateway hardware core configuration diagram described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the reception packet FIFO configuration diagram at a high speed of radio network gateway described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is radio network gateway express statistic effective data packets schematic diagram described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the form of giving out a contract for a project based on the leaf node of 2.4G frequency range described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the radio network gateway data packet receiving bag checking process figure based on 2.4G frequency range described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is 1GHZ frequency range following leaf node maximum load effective data packets format chart described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is 1GHZ frequency range following radio network gateway data packet receiving bag checking process figure described in one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 is routing node nucleus module schematic diagram described in one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 10 is routing node configuration diagram described in one embodiment of the invention;
Flow chart of giving out a contract for a project under the limiting case that Figure 11 is leaf node described in one embodiment of the invention;
Flow chart of giving out a contract for a project under the TDMA mechanism that Figure 12 is leaf node described in one embodiment of the invention;
Figure 13 is the packet loss statistical chart under channels all described in one embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
The present embodiment provides a kind of high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, as shown in Figure 1, comprises N bar channel, N foliage child node, N group routing node and a radio network gateway; Each group routing node comprises M level routing node, N and M is the natural number being greater than 1; Wherein: packet is dealt into the first order routing node on corresponding receive channel by the leaf node inside same channel on respective transmitting channel, first order routing node step by step by Packet Generation to M level routing node, last M level routing node sends the data to radio network gateway; Control command is sent to M level routing node by radio network gateway, control command is sent on the routing node of the first order by M level routing node step by step, then control command is broadcast to all leaf nodes of respective channels by first order routing node, and each leaf node performs corresponding actions according to control command.
Particularly, each routing node comprises the first radio-frequency module and second radio-frequency module of corresponding different channels, first radio-frequency module is for receiving the packet in respective channel, and the second radio-frequency module is used for Packet Generation to the next stage routing node of same channel corresponding to it.Wherein, first order routing node receives the packet that the leaf node in respective channel sends, M level routing node by Packet Generation to radio network gateway.Radio network gateway, comprise N number of independent radio frequency module and a control radio-frequency module, each independent radio frequency module receives the packet that the M level routing node in respective channel sends; Controlling radio-frequency module, periodically sending the control command of the time synchronized for ensureing all leaf nodes to the M level routing node in respective channels; Control command is sent to the upper level routing node in respective channels by M level routing node, second radio-frequency module of each routing node is for receiving the control command in respective channel, first radio-frequency module is used for upper level routing node control command being sent to same channel corresponding to it, until first order routing node receives control command; Control command is sent to all leaf nodes in corresponding bunch by first order routing node, and each leaf node performs corresponding actions according to control command.Control command wherein comprises and is configured node initializing, parameter configuration, and time synchronized regulates, crystal oscillator drift error elimination etc.
In such scheme, in each routing node, first radio-frequency module can utilize the aperture time sending controling instruction receiving upper level routing node data, second radio-frequency module can utilize the aperture time reception control command sending data to next stage routing node, substantially increases data transmission efficiency.Wherein first order routing node is by the packet of the first radio-frequency module reception from all leaf nodes belonged in this channel, then passes through the second radio-frequency module by Packet Generation to next stage routing node.Packet is finally sent to radio network gateway by the second radio-frequency module by M level routing node.Other routing nodes receive the packet of upper level routing node by the first radio-frequency module, and by the second radio-frequency module by first radio-frequency module of Packet Generation to next stage routing node.In above-mentioned Packet Generation and transmitting procedure, each routing node does not carry out any verification to data handbag, does not also carry out the statistics of packet length.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, radio network gateway communicates on N bar channel, radio network gateway comprises a Radio Frequency Subsystem, Radio Frequency Subsystem comprises N number of independent radio frequency module, for receiving from the data on M level routing node, also comprising one and controlling radio-frequency module for sending control command to M level routing node.
Radio network gateway receives packet FIFO (FirstInputFirstOutput) framework as shown in Figure 3 at a high speed.Namely software configuration comprises N number of independent radio frequency module through radio frequency reception layer from bottom to up, namely Radio Frequency Management layer comprises Radio Frequency Management state machine, data processing cache layer comprises data processing state machine, FIFO manages key-course and usb data communication layer.Radio Frequency Management state machine major function comprises: (1) power-up initializing independent radio frequency module; (2) interrupt signal sent after independent radio frequency module receives data is responded, read data packet; (3) reset independent radio frequency module during abnormal state.The major function of data processing state machine comprises: the packet that (1) reads according to HDLC protocol processes; (2) increase CRC check code at packet afterbody, the transfer of data correctness for Surveillance center verifies; (3) by the packet that processes stored in FIFO corresponding in data storage cell; The read-write of FIFO is enable to be controlled by FIFO management key-course.When FIFO management key-course reads data from FIFO, writing of closedown FIFO is enable, until the data in FIFO are completely removed.FIFO manages key-course and comprises FIFO scanning state machine, FIFO management state machine and Streams Module.The full situation of sky of FIFO in the continuous all passages of scanning successively of FIFO scanning state machine, FIFO management state machine, according to scanning result, controls FIFO.
Fifo module in radio network gateway grows timely filter false packet and mess code packet by fpga chip verification frame format and bag, ensures to receive effective data packets.Radio network gateway express statistic packet as shown in Figure 4.First, the all internal state machines of radio network gateway initialization and radio-frequency module, then start that all radio-frequency modules are parallel to be waited pending data to arrive to trigger, when any one independent radio frequency module detects that FIFOP pin in this independent radio frequency module is for high, then represent that once packet arrives.Radio network gateway verifies the size of this packet and frame format, if the verification of this bag is correct, packet statistics is added one, and statistics number is uploaded to host computer; Otherwise, then abandon this packet and also do not add up.Whole flow process ensures that the packet that radio network gateway is uploaded is all correct, thus decreases that host computer verification is wrong wraps the time delayed.
In above-described embodiment, each radio network gateway, each routing node and each leaf node are all operated in similar frequency bands, i.e. frequency range 2.42-2.4835GHZ or frequency range 233MHZ-928MHZ or frequency range 5.725-5.850GH.If under network is operated in 2.4GHZ frequency range, so the maximum bag of leaf node efficient loading is long is generally 125 bytes, as shown in Figure 5.Radio network gateway carries out bag checking process figure as shown in Figure 6 after receiving the packet of leaf node under this frequency range.After radio network gateway receives a packet, carry out the verification verifying frame 1 and verification frame 2, and then carry out the verification of data packet length, above any check errors all abandons the reception of this bag and receives next time.Receive packet if these verifications correctly start circulation in units of byte and start counting, carrying out the verification verifying frame 3 when count value is increased to 125 byte.If verification is correct, continues to receive check code, otherwise abandon this bag.Wherein, verification frame 1, verification frame 2, verification frame 3 are User Defined frame, consistent with the data packet format in Fig. 5.If network is operated in below 1GHZ frequency range, so the maximum bag of leaf node efficient loading is long is generally 64 bytes, as shown in Figure 7.Radio network gateway carries out bag checking process figure as shown in Figure 8 after receiving the packet of leaf node under this frequency range.After radio network gateway receives a packet, carry out the verification of TX head and bag length, above any check errors all abandons the reception of this bag and receives next time.Receive packet if these verifications correctly start circulation in units of byte and start counting, carrying out the verification verifying frame 3 when count value is increased to 64 byte.If verification is correct, continue to receive check code, anyway abandon this bag.Wherein, verifying frame 3 is User Defined frame.
Routing node nucleus module schematic diagram as shown in Figure 9.Routing node has the radio-frequency module that two channels are different, these two modules are respectively the first radio-frequency module and the second radio-frequency module.Double RF module routing node software architecture as shown in Figure 10.Namely software configuration comprises the first radio-frequency module and the second radio-frequency module, Radio Frequency Management layer comprise Radio Frequency Management state machine, data analysis layer comprises through radio frequency reception layer from bottom to up
Control command report processing state machine and sensing data bag processing state machine, FIFO manage key-course.Radio Frequency Management state machine major function comprises: (1) power-up initializing radio-frequency module; (2) respond radio-frequency module and receive the interrupt signal that sensing data or synchronization packets send, read sensing data bag or synchronization packets; The major function of data processing state machine comprises: sensing data or synchronization packets are written to FIFO by (1) from radio-frequency module; (2) from FIFO, sensing data is taken out or synchronization packets is written to radio-frequency module.Except the first order and M level routing node, the receive channel of other routing nodes is identical with the transmitting channel value of a upper routing node, the receive channel value of transmitting channel and next routing node is identical.First order routing node receives the data from all leaf nodes belonged in its receive channel by the first radio-frequency module, and data is sent on the first radio-frequency module of next stage routing node by the second radio-frequency module.After this, by that analogy, data are sent on the first radio-frequency module of next stage Double RF module routing node by the second radio-frequency module by the routing node of upper level, until M level routing node.Data are sent to the radio network gateway with the N number of independent radio frequency module communicated on N kind channel by M level routing node by the second radio-frequency module.Maximum transmission distance between leaf node and first order routing node, between every one-level (the non-first order and M level) routing node, between M level routing node and radio network gateway is respectively 100 meters and 7000 meters when frequency range 2.42-2.4835GHZ and frequency range 233MHZ-928MHZ.The transmitting channel of each routing node is different from receive channel value, thus ensure that each routing node can carry out reception and the transmission of data simultaneously.
In the present embodiment, each leaf node adopts the machine-processed transmission state of CSMA mechanism transmission state and maximum transmission rate state or TDMA.Under maximum transmission rate state, leaf node needs to improve length and the number of giving out a contract for a project of leaf node in the unit interval of effectively bag in packet as far as possible, therefore any operating system, Routing Protocol MAC (MultipleAccessControl) layer protocol and Routing Protocol is not adopted, as long as but CCA (ClearChannelAssessment) free time is just detected rule according to CSMA and goes to send packet directly to adopt the mode of hardware trigger to detect, the leaf node limit sends packet flow process as shown in figure 11.After leaf node node initializing completes, when leaf node verifies that frame, fully loaded packet and bag are long is written to the TXFIFO of radio-frequency module head and the tail, leaf node just starts to detect CCA idle condition, if when CCA is in idle condition, head and the tail are verified frame by leaf node, fully loaded Packet Generation is gone out.Another is the data transmission state that node is in TDMA mechanism, when head and the tail, each leaf node verifies that frame, fully loaded packet and bag are long is written to the TXFIFO of radio-frequency module in this state, leaf node just starts detecting and whether arrives time slot and give out a contract for a project the time, if reach the time of giving out a contract for a project, head and the tail are verified frame by leaf node, fully loaded Packet Generation is gone out, as shown in figure 12.
Adopt the such scheme in the present embodiment, test for the wireless sensor network of 8 channels, through test in 24 hours, as shown in figure 13, on radio network gateway, the packet loss of each channel that last test obtains is below one thousandth, has very high accuracy rate.
Maximum transfer rate adopts the such scheme in the present embodiment, if under the multiple jump condition that it is 40-70m that 2.4GHZ network then can realize in a jumping, can reach about 1Mbps under each channel in N channel, and whole Network Maximum Transmission rate can to about N*1Mbps.If 1GHZ then can realize jumping as under the multiple jump condition of 3km-7km one with lower network, in N channel, under each channel, maximum transfer rate can reach about 1Mkbps, and whole Network Maximum Transmission rate can to about N*1Mbps.Achieve data transfer mode that is remote, high transmission rates.
Although describe embodiments of the present invention by reference to the accompanying drawings, but those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, such amendment and modification all fall into by within claims limited range.
Claims (10)
1. a high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network, is characterized in that, comprises N bar channel, N foliage child node, N group routing node and a radio network gateway; Each group routing node comprises M level routing node, N and M is the natural number being greater than 1; Wherein:
Packet is dealt into the first order routing node on corresponding receive channel by the leaf node inside same channel on respective transmitting channel, first order routing node step by step by Packet Generation to M level routing node, last M level routing node sends the data to radio network gateway; Control command is sent to M level routing node by radio network gateway, control command is sent on the routing node of the first order by M level routing node step by step, then control command is broadcast to all leaf nodes of respective channels by first order routing node, and each leaf node performs corresponding actions according to control command.
2. high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Each routing node utilizes the control command in the aperture time reception respective channel of transmission packet, utilizes the aperture time receiving packet control command to be sent to the upper level routing node of same channel corresponding to it.
3. high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to claim 2, is characterized in that:
Each routing node comprises the first radio-frequency module and second radio-frequency module of corresponding different channels;
First radio-frequency module for receiving the packet in respective channel, and utilizes the aperture time receiving packet control command to be forwarded to upper level routing node or the leaf node of same channel corresponding to it;
Second radio-frequency module for receiving the control command in respective channel, and utilizes the aperture time receiving control command packet to be forwarded to next stage routing node or the radio network gateway of same channel corresponding to it.
4. the high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that:
Radio network gateway comprises N number of independent radio frequency module and a control radio-frequency module;
Each independent radio frequency module, the packet that the M level routing node for receiving in respective channel sends;
Control radio-frequency module, for periodically sending the control command of the time synchronized for ensureing all leaf nodes.
5. the high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-4, is characterized in that:
Radio network gateway, each routing node and each leaf node are all operated in similar frequency bands.
6. high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to claim 5, is characterized in that:
Similar frequency bands is 2.42-2.4835GHZ or frequency range 233MHZ-928MHZ or frequency range 5.725-5.850GH.
7. high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to claim 6, is characterized in that:
Under frequency range 2.42-2.4835GHZ, the maximum transmission distance between leaf node and first order routing node, between adjacent two-stage routing node, between M level routing node and radio network gateway is 100 meters;
Under frequency range 2.42-2.4835GHZ and frequency range 233MHZ-928MHZ, the maximum transmission distance between leaf node and first order routing node, between adjacent two-stage routing node, between M level routing node and radio network gateway is 7000 meters.
8. the high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-7, is characterized in that:
Each leaf node adopts CSMA mechanism transmission state or TDMA mechanism transmission state;
When adopting CSMA mechanism transmission state to send packet, as long as leaf node detects respective channel, namely the free time sends packet;
When adopting TDMA mechanism transmission state, leaf node sends packet according to the sequential preset.
9. the high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to any one of claim 1-8, is characterized in that:
Radio network gateway, also for by detecting the frame format of packet and packet length filter false packet or mess code packet.
10. high transmission rates multi-hop wireless sensor network according to claim 9, is characterized in that:
Radio network gateway, also for increasing CRC check code at the packet afterbody received.
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