CN105067103A - Vibration detection device and method based on optical frequency domain reflectometer - Google Patents
Vibration detection device and method based on optical frequency domain reflectometer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a vibration detection device and a method based on an optical frequency domain reflectometer. The device comprises a modulation module, a fiber to be detected, narrow-linewidth fiber lasers which are successively connected, two optical couplers, and a demodulation and data acquisition module. The modulation module is connected in parallel between the two optical couplers. The fiber to be detected is connected to the modulation module. The modulation module comprises a signal generator, an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, an acousto-optic modulator and an optical circulator. The demodulation and data acquisition module comprises a light bridge, a data acquisition card, two analog to digital converters and two parallel balanced photoelectric detectors. The input ends of the two parallel balanced photoelectric detectors are connected to the light bridge, the output ends are connected to the input ends of the two analog to digital converters, and the output ends of the two analog to digital converters are connected to the data acquisition card. According to the device and the method, combined with the optical frequency domain reflectometer technology, the phase information of a light signal is extracted, and the vibration detection with a long distance and high sensitivity is realized.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of technology of distributing optical fiber sensing field, a kind of specifically vibration detection device based on optical frequency domain reflectometer and method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, light reflectometry techniques can realize distributed measurement due to it, has attracted increasing concern.Vibration detection technology wherein based on optical reflectometer is also promoted.Mostly early stage vibration detection technology is based on time domain optical reflectometer (OpticalTime ?DomainReflectometer, OTDR) technology, and mostly vibration detection is to extract based on intensity to differentiate vibration signal.But the spatial resolution of OTDR technology can only reach a meter magnitude, thus limit it has high spatial resolution demand field vibration detection application at some.Extraction based on intensity is merely able to the frequency domain and the position that demodulate vibration, and oscillation intensity can not reflect.By contrast optical frequency domain reflectometer (OpticalFrequency ?DomainReflectometer, OFDR) technology can reach other spatial resolution of centimetre-sized, but detection range is limited to the coherent length of laser instrument, when measuring distance exceedes coherent length, due to the impact of laser phase noise, spatial resolution and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can sharply decline.
In order to improve the intensity sensitivity of vibration detection, improve detection space resolution and detection range, Chinese scholars proposes several improvement project based on OTDR and OFDR.Such as based on the OFDR technology (Z.Ding etc. of relevant treatment, " Long ?rangevibrationsensorbasedoncorrelationanalysisofopticalf requency ?domainreflectometrysignals ", OptExpress20,28319 ?28329 (2012)) vibration detection of high spatial resolution can be realized, but its detecting distance can not exceed the coherent length of laser instrument; Based on the OTDR technology (Z.Pan etc. of phase extraction, " Phase ?sensitiveOTDRsystembasedondigitalcoherentdetection ", AsiaCommunicationsandPhotonicsConferenceandExhibition, 2011) larger sensitivity can be obtained, but its detecting distance is limited to the sensing range that signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can only realize several kilometers.
Through finding the retrieval of prior art, Chinese patent literature CN101650197A, day for announcing 2010.2.17, disclose a kind of optical frequency domain reflection-based optical fiber sensor system, primary structure comprises laser instrument, first fiber coupler, optical circulator, detection optical fiber, second fiber coupler, photoelectric detection unit and spectral analysis unit, the laser that laser instrument sends is divided into detection light and reference light by the first fiber coupler, detection light is incident to the first port of optical circulator, and go out to inject detection optical fiber from the second port, the rayleigh backscattering light produced in detection optical fiber is incident to optical circulator second port and from the 3rd port outgoing, the rayleigh backscattering light of outgoing and reference light to be incident in the second fiber coupler and detect by photoelectric detection unit, the signal recorded inputs to spectral analysis unit.
Chinese patent literature CN103528666A, date of publication 2014.1.22, disclose a kind of long-distance optical fiber vibration pick-up unit based on Sagnac interference and method, comprise light source, photodetector, optical circulator, 2*2 coupling mechanism and fiber delay time fine, the laser signal that described light source sends, through optical circulator, enters 2*2 coupling mechanism and is divided into two-way, one road light signal A, enter testing fiber through fiber delay time fibre, the Fresnel reflection light signal that end returns, enters 2*2 coupling mechanism; Another road light signal B, directly enters testing fiber, and the Fresnel reflection light signal that end returns, through 2*2 coupling mechanism, enters fiber delay time fibre, and when optical fiber, a fine circle, gets back to 2*2 coupling mechanism; Light signal interferes at 2*2 coupling mechanism place, and interference signal is sensed by photodetector through optical circulator.But above-mentioned technology all can produce Insertion Loss at light signal through coupling mechanism and optical circulator, and only can vibration be detected, cannot detect oscillation intensity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to prior art above shortcomings, a kind of vibration detection device based on optical frequency domain reflectometer and method thereof are proposed, by the compensation of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier and the modulation of acousto-optic modulator, gather vibration signal, obtained the full detail of vibration signal by balance photodetector and digital to analog converter, improve detection range and spatial resolution.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention relates to a kind of vibration detection device based on optical frequency domain reflectometer, comprise: modulation module, testing fiber, the narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser be connected successively, two photo-couplers, solution mediation data acquisition modules, wherein: modulation module is arranged in parallel between two photo-couplers, and testing fiber is connected with modulation module.
Described modulation module comprises: signal generator, the acousto-optic modulator, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier and the optical circulator that are connected successively, wherein: signal generator is connected with acousto-optic modulator.
Described solution is in harmonious proportion data acquisition module and comprises: light bridge, data collecting card, two analog to digital converters and two balance photodetectors in parallel, wherein: the input end of two balance photodetectors in parallel is connected with light bridge, output terminal is connected with the input end of two analog to digital converters respectively, and the output terminal of two analog to digital converters is connected with data collecting card.
The present invention relates to the method for detecting vibration of said apparatus, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, piezoelectric ceramics (PZT) is attached to testing fiber a bit, vibration signal is loaded on PZT by signal generator, posts accelerometer to detect the acceleration of current vibration signal on PZT simultaneously.
The light signal that step 2, narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser produce is divided into two-way by photo-coupler, one tunnel detection light B is successively by acousto-optic modulator, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, the optical circulator input testing fiber through signal generator frequency sweep, and the rayleigh backscattering light that testing fiber end produces enters optical circulator and inputs another photo-coupler; Another road reference light A directly enters this photo-coupler to be interfered with the rayleigh backscattering light of detection light B; Two-way light after interference forms phase differential by demodulation after light bridge.
The two ways of optical signals of step 3, formation phase differential is converted into electric signal by balance photodetector successively, is gathered, obtain the information of vibration signal by analog to digital converter after becoming digital signal by data collecting card.
Technique effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention compensate in vibration detection process a part interfere time produce Insertion Loss, based on phase extraction obtain vibration signal Ju Li ?time three-dimensional plot and oscillation intensity information, detecting distance reaches 40km.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention;
In figure: 1 is narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser, 2a and 2b is photo-coupler, and 3 is Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, 4 is acousto-optic modulator, 5 is optical circulator, and 6 is testing fiber, and 7 is signal generator, 8 is light bridge, 9 is balance photodetector, and 10 is digital to analog converter, and 11 is data collecting card, A is reference light, and B is detection light;
Fig. 2 is the experiment effect figure of the 100 groups of data investigation in testing fiber 30km place;
In figure: (a) is intensity map, (b) is phase diagram, and (c) is differential phase figure, and (d) is single connector reflection peak;
Fig. 3 is the experiment effect figure at testing fiber 40km place;
In figure: (a) be based on phase-detection Ju Li ?time three-dimensional plot, (b) for vibration area F based on phase-detection Shi Jian ?phase curve, (c) be based on intensity detection Ju Li ?time three-dimensional plot, (d) for vibration area F based on intensity detection Shi Jian ?phase curve;
Fig. 4 is the experiment effect figure of testing fiber 30km place based on the 800Hz vibration signal of phase-detection;
In figure: (a) be based on phase-detection Ju Li ?time three-dimensional plot, the Shi Jian that (b) is vibration area ?phase curve.
Fig. 5 is the experiment effect figure that oscillation intensity is respectively 0.08g, 0.12g, 0.16g and 0.2g;
In figure: (a) for Shi Jian ?phase curve, (b) is phase diagram.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment comprises: modulation module, testing fiber 6, narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 1, two photo-coupler 2a and 2b be connected successively, solution mediation data acquisition module, wherein: modulation module is arranged in parallel between two photo-coupler 2a and 2b, and testing fiber 6 is connected with modulation module.
Described photo-coupler 2a and 2b is 3dB, 50/50 photo-coupler.
Described testing fiber 6 is the single-mode fiber (SMF) of 40km.
Described modulation module comprises: signal generator 7, the acousto-optic modulator 4, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 3 and the optical circulator 5 that are connected successively, wherein: signal generator 7 is connected with acousto-optic modulator 4.
Described optical circulator 5 has 3 ports 5a, 5b and 5c.
Described solution is in harmonious proportion data acquisition module and comprises: light bridge 8, data collecting card 11, two analog to digital converters 10 and two balance photodetectors 9 in parallel, wherein: the input end of two balance photodetectors 9 in parallel is connected with light bridge 8, the output terminal of two balance photodetectors 9 is connected with the input end of two analog to digital converters 10 respectively, and the output terminal of two analog to digital converters 10 is connected with data collecting card 11.
The light signal of described light bridge 8 to input carries out I/Q demodulation and obtains phase place.
Described data collecting card 11 be 8 ?bit data collecting card.
The present embodiment comprises the following steps:
When step 1, vibration detection, PZT is attached to 30km and the 40km place of testing fiber 6, vibration signal is loaded on PZT by signal generator 7, the oscillation intensity of PZT and the on-load voltage of signal generator 7 are directly proportional, and post accelerometer to detect the acceleration of current vibration signal on PZT simultaneously.
The wavelength that step 2, narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 1 produce is that the light signal of 1550nm is divided into two-way by photo-coupler 2a: reference light A and detection light B; Signal generator 7 synthesizes 60MHz FM signal, is modulated to enters on the detection light B of acousto-optic modulator 4 by acousto-optic modulator 4; Detection light B after modulation is amplified by Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 3 successively, the 5a port of optical circulator 5 and 5b port input testing fiber 6, and the rayleigh backscattering light that testing fiber 6 end produces enters optical circulator 5 and by 5c port input photo-coupler 2b from the 5b port of optical circulator 5; Reference light A directly enters photo-coupler 2b to be interfered with the rayleigh backscattering light of detection light B; Two-way light forms phase differential by demodulation after light bridge 8.
Step 3, the reference light A forming phase differential and detection light B are converted into electric signal by balance photodetector 9 successively, gathered by data collecting card 11 after becoming digital signal by analog to digital converter 10, the single frequency modulation on pulse collected and measured signal are carried out Coherent processing, obtain based on phase place Ju Li ?time three-dimensional plot, thus obtain the information of vibration signal.
The described exomonental repetition frequency of narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser 1 is 2kHz.
The insertion loss that described Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 3 is brought for Compensation Modulation.
The frequency modulated time of described acousto-optic modulator 4 is 8 μ s, and modulation band-width is 60MHz, and simple signal rejection ratio is greater than 30dB.
The frequency sweep light frequency that described acousto-optic modulator 4 exports is 60MHz, the theoretical space resolution of corresponding 1.6m in OFDR.
The sweep velocity of described signal generator 7 is 7.5THz/s, and tuning range is 170 ~ 230MHz.
Described reference light A and the detection light phase differential that B is producing after light bridge 8 are 90 ° ± 5 °.
The bandwidth of described balance photodetector 9 is 1.6GHz.
The sampling rate of described data collecting card 11 is 2GS/s.
The time-domain signal that described data collecting card 11 collects can obtain the distributed backscatter signals of testing fiber 6 through Fourier transform.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a) He (c), at the 30km place of testing fiber 6, when there being vibration event to occur, as shown in A and D in figure, intensity pattern and differential phase pattern will be dispersed out.
As Fig. 2 (a) ?shown in (c), mutually can interfere between light signal due to each different interference point and cause interfering long or interfere and disappear mutually mutually, as shown in B, C and E in figure, interfering the region disappeared mutually, because signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) missionary society causes the information of gained inaccurate, produce " dead band ".
As shown in Fig. 2 (d), be the connector reflection peak schematic diagram of in testing fiber 6, can obtain by figure, its spatial resolution is 3.5m.
As shown in Fig. 3 (a), (b), at the 40km place of testing fiber 6,200Hz, the vibration area F of the vibration signal of 0.08g can be detected based on phase extraction, as shown in Fig. 3 (c), (d), identical vibration event does not then extract by intensity and is detected; Namely relative to the detection based on intensity, the detection based on phase place has higher oscillation intensity sensitivity.
As shown in Figure 5, vibrate between the phase deviation caused and oscillation intensity and meet good linear relationship.
The frequency modulated time of described acousto-optic modulator 4 is 8 μ s, and effect of phase noise is less.
The investigative range of the present embodiment is 40km, and sensitivity is 0.08g.
The present embodiment, while significantly reducing phase noise, realizes the investigative range that 40km, response frequency 800Hz and intensity are the vibration signal of 0.08g.
Claims (7)
1. the vibration detection device based on optical frequency domain reflectometer, it is characterized in that, comprise: modulation module, testing fiber, the narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser be connected successively, two photo-couplers, solution mediation data acquisition modules, wherein: modulation module is arranged in parallel between two photo-couplers, and testing fiber is connected with modulation module;
Described modulation module comprises: signal generator, the acousto-optic modulator, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier and the optical circulator that are connected successively, wherein: signal generator is connected with acousto-optic modulator.
2. vibration detection device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described solution is in harmonious proportion data acquisition module and comprises: light bridge, data collecting card, two analog to digital converters and two balance photodetectors in parallel, wherein: the input end of two balance photodetectors in parallel is connected with light bridge, output terminal is connected with the input end of two analog to digital converters respectively, and the output terminal of two analog to digital converters is connected with data collecting card.
3. vibration detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described photo-coupler is 50/50 photo-coupler.
4. vibration detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the exomonental frequency of described narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser is 2kHz.
5. vibration detection device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the frequency modulated time of described acousto-optic modulator is 8 μ s, and modulation band-width is 60MHz.
6. vibration detection device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the phase differential that described light bridge produces is 90 ° ± 5 °.
7., based on a method for detecting vibration for vibration detection device described in above-mentioned arbitrary claim, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, PZT is attached to testing fiber a bit, vibration signal is loaded on PZT by signal generator, posts accelerometer to detect the acceleration of current vibration signal on PZT simultaneously;
The light signal that step 2, narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser produce is divided into two-way by photo-coupler, one tunnel detection light B successively by through the acousto-optic modulator of signal generator frequency sweep, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, optical circulator input testing fiber, the rayleigh backscattering light that testing fiber end produces enters optical circulator and inputs another photo-coupler; Another road reference light A directly enters this photo-coupler to be interfered with the rayleigh backscattering light of detection light B; Two-way light after interference forms phase differential by demodulation after light bridge;
The two ways of optical signals of step 3, formation phase differential is converted into electric signal by balance photodetector successively, is gathered, obtain vibration signal information by analog to digital converter after becoming digital signal by data collecting card.
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