CN105052648A - Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits - Google Patents
Cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of crabapple trees. The invention solves the technical problem that the invention provides a special cultivation technology for Jinxiu crabapple heart-shaped fruits. The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps: selecting sandy soil, carefully preparing the soil, sufficiently applying a base fertilizer, and carrying out reasonable closed planting as crowns grow; before the crabapples enter into the primary fruit stage, spraying an animal manure solution or a compound fertilizer solution for one-two times every month; spraying the animal manure solution or the compound fertilizer solution for one-two times every month, and after the crabapples enter into the primary fruit stage, spraying the animal manure solution or the compound fertilizer solution for three-four times; applying a ternary fertilizer of organic, inorganic and biological bacterial fertilizers in the autumn every year after fruits are harvested; after blossoms fall, dressing a phosphorus potassium fertilizer for one-two times; immediately drought-protecting and drainage-discharging and water-log reducing work in summer according to weather variations; by combining heavy application of the fertilizer, spraying frozen water once before being frozen; and adopting a grass growing system or a grass covering system in a garden, wherein the tree forms vary according to different planting conditions; for high density, the planted tree forms are primarily trunk forms; and form medium density, the tree forms are primarily cultivated in spindle-shapes.
Description
Technical field
The beautiful Malus spectabilis of the present invention lucky fruit cultivation method, belongs to Malus spectabilis fruit tree cultivation technical field.
Background technology
The lucky fruit of beautiful Malus spectabilis belongs to deciduous tree, and the height of tree can be controlled in about 3 meters, and sprig is cylindrical, and uprightly, bronzing during children, by pubescence; Crineous time old, without hair.Blade is oval to oblong.Tip is point or round blunt gradually, and the wide Carve shape of stem or subcircular, there is serration at edge.This kind bud is multiple total situation inflorescence, avette petal, and in April No. 13-20 anthesis, fruit is subsphaeroidal, and the maturing stage is by the end of August at the beginning of-9 months.Happiness light, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, avoid waterlogging, avoid air excessively wet.To soil property and moisture requirement not high, be best suited for fertile, loose well-drained sand again.Height above sea level all can be planted about 700-3800 rice, wide adaptability.
This tree-shaped is graceful, spring considerable flower, summer considerable leaf, the autumn considerable fruit.The fruit whole winter does not fall, and viewing period is long, particularly in the winter of an expanse of white snow, completely sets outstanding achievement, especially dazzling, in fact fruit both ornamental, again edibles, and compared with other fruit effect plants, these seeds time and efforts that do not need to cost a lot of money goes to process shedding problem.The lucky fruit of beautiful Malus spectabilis is cold-resistant, disease and insect resistance, easily high yield, good management, fruit type are up-small and down-big; Likeness in form heart, also known as heart fruit, griggles.Fruity is clear and melodious good to eat, sour-sweet moderate, long times of aftertaste after tasting.Though fruit is individual little, appearance is gorgeous, and mouthfeel is good, and picking time is long, and collection is viewed and admired to eat raw and combined together, is well suited for avenue and residential quarters greening use, is also the first-selected kind of plucking of going sightseeing, is more suitable for scale and develops.
The lucky fruit of beautiful Malus spectabilis belongs to the nuisanceless pure natural fruit of the third generation, single fruit weight average 50---60 grams, maximumly reach about 90 grams, pol more than 1 18, micro-acid, fruit type is attractive in appearance, beautiful in colour, be rich in fragrance, excellent taste makes other Malus spectabilis and apple contend with.Higher requirement is had for high quality and yield cultivation techniques.
Summary of the invention
The present invention overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art, and technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of culture technique being exclusively used in the lucky fruit of the beautiful Malus spectabilis of cultivation.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: beautiful Malus spectabilis lucky fruit high yield and quality cultivation method, comprises the steps:
A, planting density
Select the sandy loam of meta-alkalescence that fertile, loose, draining is good, face south, meticulously use sufficient base manure wholely, transplant spring; The condition of field planting strain is: the short-term nursery stock of 0.5-3, and in the middle of downgrading, plantation density is 1000 plants/acre; The nursery stock in mid-term of more than 3 years, plantation density is 222 plants/acre; Planting hole should be determined according to root system size, being as the criterion by spread apart root system; The depth of planting is that tree root is apart from 10 centimetres, ground; Later along with tree crown increases, carry out the object that intermediate cutting transformation (can be used for afforestation) finally reaches rational close planting year by year.
B, water-fertilizer integral manage
To have many meals but little food at eath for principle;
1) before Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, treelet management method: fast long tree, is early shaped, precocity fruiting is monthly watered and is executed namely apply fertilizer for 1-2 time liquid or compound solution; Monthly water and execute 1-2 barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, method is
Barnyard manure liquid: barnyard manure mass concentration 10%, every mu is watered at every turn and executes 75-80kg;
Compound solution: composite fertilizer's mass concentration 30%, every mu is watered at every turn and executes 60-75kg;
Especially spring tip speed of germinateing early stage is long, that is: early stage is short, controls autumn growth prosperous length later stage 7-8 month
After Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, by the applying mode of above-mentioned barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, difference is to water every year to execute 3-4 time:
First time waters water of once surviving the winter;
Water once in conjunction with fertilising before reflorescencing;
Third time watered a young fruit in conjunction with fertilising and expands fertilizer at the beginning of-6 months mid or late Mays;
4th July looks Changes in weather situation, gently waters as one sees fit;
2) lucky fruit enters just fruit after date, autumn basal dressing after annual fruit picking in autumn, advocate " full nutrient fertilization method " organic and inorganic, add bio-bacterial manure and claim " fruit tree Dasanyuan fertile " just lucky fruit of fruit after date, apply active humic acid composite fertilizer (Shandong agricultural university) or biological organic fungi-manure (Shanxi Australia is female) 48-53 kilogram mu, with farmyard manure 0.7-0.9 cubic meter mu to add a small amount of long-acting slow control fertile, fertilizing method is that (because tree crown top and bottom root growth are in relative balance state) is dug annular groove and be embedded in annular groove by fertilizer under the peripheral branch exhibition of distance tree crown.Mid-term lucky fruit, apply biological organic fungi-manure 60-100 kilogram mu and farmyard manure 1-1.7 cubic meter mu applying method for dig several radiating fertilization ditches centered by trunk and according to the certain distance control in tree crown of tree crown size, should by fertilizer landfill in ditch.
The lucky fruit in the full bearing period, during autumn basal dressing, apply biological organic fungi-manure 50-200 kilogram mu add farmyard manure 2-3 cubic meter mu add the element fertilizer of the fertile and middle trace of a certain amount of long-acting slow control again, spread fertilizer over the fields under tree crown after the method for applying cuts off weeds, then will plough under 20-35 centimetres, underground.Namely autumn basal dressing will plough deeply soil moved in improve the original, conditioning soil physical and chemical property.Increase the availability of fertilizer.
3) after blossom fall, in, after impose 1-2 phosphorus potash fertilizer; Just fruit phase, Sheng really early stage, the full bearing period are respectively each 15-20kg, 25-40kg, 55-60kg to the applied amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer; Fertilizing method is: combine to irrigate water-soluble phosphorus potash fertilizer to be dissolved in irrigation water and carry out punching and execute.
C, soil management
1) measures:
Xia Qiu, according to Changes in weather, carries out in time and to take precautions against drought and stain work falls in water drainage;
In conjunction with Shi great Fei, before freezing, water once freeze-up permeable;
Water all the other periods and to carry out in conjunction with fertilising.
2) orchard ground cover system:
Orchard ground cover system, cover grass system: object improve soil organic matter content reach 3-5%.Chesson, improves edaphon flora, increases the granular structure of soil, for root system creates benign cycle growing space, first supports root to there being strong tree.
D, trimming and finishing
Lucky fruit tree shape will according to planting density size, land occupation condition, stock type and different, and high density, plants tree-like based on trunk shape; Midst density, tree-like cultivation spindle is main.Key determines angle in 7-8 month to the side shoot right-falling stroke branch reaching certain length, takes off branch location, can reach high yield tree-like according to leaf pressure hat.
Trunk shape tree feature: directly cultivation results branch on center is dry.
Spindle feature: cultivate 20-30 little major branch (also crying side raw branch) on center is dry, that is diameter of fruit branch on little major branch is less than little major branch, center is done and little major branch rugosity namely pulls open two limb ratios with diameter of fruit branch than for 1:5-7 than for 1:2-3 center is dry, reach balanced tree Potential, the requirement that principal and subordinate is clearly demarcated.Two kinds tree-like, as long as shaping according to apple tree trunk shape and spindle shaping exactly.
Prune: winter all can carry out after fallen leaves before germinateing.
Pruning content comprises: remove sick branch, withered branch, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect dismemberment certainly thorax ventilation and penetrating light condition in tree crown, tree-likely to prune according to required, make tree crown satisfactory, three-dimensional result is for promoting plant blossom, setting, need remove through the neat root of water sprout, to reduce the nutrient consumption after germination, wound one Lu after pruning smears consolidant and combines with bactericide, prevents wound susceptible on the other hand.Fruit bearing shoot, rubbing branch (leafage branch) need not prune, only can appropriate light pruning to the weak fruit bearing shoot of peripheral force, increases its growth potential, reaches and reduce flower amount, increase fruit, improve for the purpose of output.
E, the extermination of disease and insect pest
1, the control of rot, removes sick tree, sick branch; Concentrate and burn, to reduce infection process (introduce a fine variety 5 annual morbidities and only have ten thousand/).
2,300 are sprayed at trunk early spring---500 times of thiophanate-methyls add insecticide chlorpyrifos or pyrethrin pesticide time, cypermethrin.
3, on scab, be slit into the tool marks of identical 0.5 centimetre in length and breadth during just morbidity.Deeply reach xylem then to smear; 1:3 thiophanate-methyl or Flusilazole: 50 times.
Chafer, tortrix moth, aphid, leaf miner, heart-eating worm, two spotted spider mite control can refer to the conventional control method of the sick parasitosis of apple tree.
Preferred step: do the lucky fruit of the beautiful Malus spectabilis of grafted with base anvil for Mains micromalus in A.Or first connect dwarfing rootstock on Malus spectabilis stock, the more lucky fruit kind of grafting thereon.Preferred step: during the time of executing Dasanyuan fertilizer in B is annual September-October, more early better, this is because root system is in summit of growth phase third time, hinders root and be beneficial to healing, and tree body can also be improved stock nutrition, bloom to bear fruit lay good nutrition foundation for the spring in next year germinates.
The cultivation of nursery stock:
The lucky fruit of beautiful Malus spectabilis, selected stock type: Mains micromalus makes base anvil.Then the lucky fruit of grafting or utilize dwarfing rootstock section 20-30 centimetre to do the lucky fruit of interstock grafting, performance is good.
1, the process of Malus spectabilis seed:
With strange agriculture element mixed liquor before sowing, soak seed about 10 minutes, pull out and dry, carry out sand and hide detoxification.
2, wholely:
Irrigate the fields in the middle of March after soil thaws, sow with beating after loose, notice that plantation should not be excessively dark, use plastic mulching.In 1 year, seedling management is noted, aphid, powdery mildew, soil insect, harm nursery, seedling is to mid-July, within every about 15 days, be affixed by foliage fertilizer in conjunction with laxative and its healthy growth urged by bactericide, July to August, early and middle ten days prevention and control overstriking ensured in good time grafting, and 8-9 month just can carry out grafting, and Second Year just can cultivate into high-quality finished nursery from spring to autumn normal management.
E: the management before and after field planting:
Preparation before field planting
The size of planting pit: planting hole should determine to be as the criterion by spread apart root system according to root system size, the depth of planting is tree root overhead 10 centimetres;
The process of nursery stock: nursery stock can be soaked a few hours before cultivation, nursery stock is suctioned moisture, improves survival rate.Must mix detoxification immersion root with high skilful liquid and Qi Nong element before cultivation, 1 is prevent aphid damage from improving nursery stock healthy growth, and 2 is cultivate few poison or virus-free healthy and strong nursery stock.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following beneficial effect.
The lucky fruit of beautiful Malus spectabilis plants rear three annual bearings, three annual earnings, and mu plants dwarfing 333, or Qiaoization 222, within 4th year, enter the just fruit phase, 5-6 enters the full bearing period, keeps strain to produce 40 jin to more than 60 jin later year after year, per mu yield 13320 jin, most minimum living per jin at a low price by 4 yuan, every mu of income 53280 yuan.Production high quality fruit per mu will be by 10,000 jin of will calculating year from now on, and mu is taken in and reached more than 40,000 yuan, is crops more than 20 times, and as planted, 10,000 mu to exceed more than one times even more than twice than 80,000 mu of crops income of a year.As made potted landscape, equal hundred mu, village, mu plants 1000, within 3 years, goes out basin listing, will by minimum 300 yuan of one basin, and mu takes in 300,000 yuan, and 3 years every average annual receipts 100,000 yuan, are equivalent to more than 50 times of crops income.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
The lucky fruit of village's southwest field planting 7 mu, before field planting, 1-2 strengthens liquid manure integrated management, and tree crown grows fine, and autumn, spring carved bud by drawing branch, and the summer cut and reached three annual bearings, four annual earnings slightly May in summer.
Embodiment 2;
In due east, village, near east, expressway, high Rail West contracts more than 200 mu of ground, the lucky fruit of whole field planting, the 3rd year raw tree, field planting dwarfing interstock, and under low level management condition, 100% fruit growing in close clusters.
In above-described embodiment, beautiful Malus spectabilis lucky fruit cultivation management method, comprises the steps:
A, planting density
Select the sandy loam of meta-alkalescence that fertile, loose, draining is good, face south, meticulously use sufficient base manure wholely, transplant spring; The condition of field planting strain is: the short-term nursery stock of 0.5-3, and plantation density is 1000 plants/acre; The nursery stock in mid-term of more than 3 years, plantation density is 200 plants/acre; Planting hole should be determined according to root system size, being as the criterion by spread apart root system; The depth of planting is that tree root is apart from 10 centimetres, ground;
B, weeding fertilising
Execute as principle with thin fertile duty,
1), before Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, monthly water and execute 1-2 barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, method is
Barnyard manure liquid: barnyard manure mass concentration 10%, every mu is watered at every turn and executes 75-80kg;
Compound solution: composite fertilizer's mass concentration 30%, every mu is watered at every turn and executes 60-75kg;
After Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, by the applying mode of above-mentioned barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, difference is to water every year to execute 3-4 time;
2), after Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, before sprouting annual spring, execute once large fertilizer, described large fertilizer is biological organic fungi-manure or farmyard manure; The requirement of Shi great Fei is:
The Malus spectabilis of first fruit phase: apply biological organic fungi-manure 48-53kg/ mu, or farmyard manure 0.7-0.9m
3/ mu; Fertilizing method for dig annular groove within Distance-Tree root 100 centimetres, by large fertile landfill in annular groove;
The Malus spectabilis of middle fruit phase: apply biological organic fungi-manure 60-100kg/ mu, or farmyard manure 1-1.7m
3/ mu; Fertilizing method for dig several radiating fertilization ditches centered by tree root, by large fertile landfill in ditch;
The Malus spectabilis in the full bearing period: apply biological organic fungi-manure 150-200kg/ mu, or farmyard manure 2-3m
3/ mu; Fertilizing method is under tree crown, spread fertilizer over the fields large fertilizer after middle eliminating grass, then large fertilizer is ploughed under underground 20-35 centimetre;
3), after blossom fall, 1-2 phosphorus potash fertilizer is imposed; The applied amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer just fruit phase, middle fruit phase, the full bearing period is respectively each 15-20kg, 25-40kg, 55-60kg; Fertilizing method is: combine to irrigate phosphorus potash fertilizer to be dissolved in irrigation water and carry out punching and execute;
C, soil management
Xia Qiu, according to Changes in weather, carries out in time and to take precautions against drought and stain work falls in water drainage;
In conjunction with Shi great Fei, water once permeable;
Water all the other periods and to carry out in conjunction with fertilising;
D, trimming and finishing
Malus spectabilis strengthens tending management after planting, and keeps loosing soil fertile; Once prune to rudiment in early spring after fallen leaves, withered weak branch, sick branch are wiped out, to keep tree crown to evacuate, ventilation and penetrating light, tree-likely to prune according to required, makes tree crown satisfactory; For promoting plant blossom vigorous, water sprout must be carried out cutting back, to reduce the nutrient consumption of germination, after pruning, smearing callus corrosion prevention film, make its wound healing; Fruit bearing shoot, rub branch and then need not prune;
E, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The control of rot: remove sick tree, burn disease branch, reduces germ source; Early spring sprays lime sulfur at trunk or brushes lime agent at trunk; On scab, be slit into the tool marks of alternate 0.5 centimetre in length and breadth during first morbidity, deeply reach xylem, then spray bactericide;
The control of chafer, tortrix moth, aphid, bag moth and two spotted spider mite is according to the conventional control method of apple tree.
The present invention can summarize with other the concrete form without prejudice to spirit of the present invention or principal character.Therefore, no matter from which point, above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention all can only be thought explanation of the present invention and can not limit invention, claims indicate scope of the present invention, and scope of the present invention is not pointed out in above-mentioned explanation, therefore, any change in the implication suitable with claims of the present invention and scope, all should think to be included in the scope of claims.
Claims (4)
1. beautiful Malus spectabilis lucky fruit cultivation method, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A, planting density
Select the sandy loam of meta-alkalescence that fertile, loose, draining is good, face south, meticulously use sufficient base manure wholely, transplant spring; The condition of field planting strain is: the short-term nursery stock of 0.5-3, and plantation density is 1000 plants/acre; The nursery stock in mid-term of more than 3 years, plantation density is 222 plants/acre; Planting hole should be determined according to root system size, being as the criterion by spread apart root system; The depth of planting is that tree root is apart from 10 centimetres, ground;
B, weeding fertilising
To have many meals but little food at eath for principle,
1), before Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, monthly water and execute 1-2 barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, method is
Barnyard manure liquid: barnyard manure mass concentration 10%, every mu is watered at every turn and executes 75-80kg;
Compound solution: composite fertilizer's mass concentration 30%, every mu is watered at every turn and executes 60-75kg;
After Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, by the applying mode of above-mentioned barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, difference is to water every year to execute 3-4 time;
2) after Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, before sprouting, execute a Dasanyuan fertilizer after annual fall foliage to spring, described Dasanyuan fertilizer is activated humic acid composite fertilizer or biological organic fungi-manure and farmyard manure, the long-acting slow combination controlling fertilizer;
Described large fertilizer is biological organic fungi-manure or farmyard manure; The requirement of Shi great Fei is:
The Malus spectabilis of first fruit phase: apply activated humic acid composite fertilizer or biological organic fungi-manure 48-53kg/ mu, farmyard manure 0.7-0.9m
3/ mu, the fertile 5-8kg/ mu of long-acting slow control; Fertilizing method for dig annular groove within Distance-Tree root 100 centimetres, by large fertile landfill in annular groove;
The Malus spectabilis of middle fruit phase: apply activated humic acid composite fertilizer or biological organic fungi-manure 60-100kg/ mu, farmyard manure 1-1.7m
3/ mu, the fertile 10-15kg/ mu of long-acting slow control; Fertilizing method for dig several radiating fertilization ditches centered by tree root, by large fertile landfill in ditch;
The Malus spectabilis in the full bearing period: apply activated humic acid composite fertilizer or biological organic fungi-manure 150-200kg/ mu, farmyard manure 2-3m
3/ mu, the fertile 20-30kg/ mu of long-acting slow control; Fertilizing method is under tree crown, spread fertilizer over the fields large fertilizer after middle eliminating grass, then large fertilizer is ploughed under underground 20-35 centimetre;
3), after blossom fall, 1-2 phosphorus potash fertilizer is imposed; The applied amount of phosphorus potash fertilizer just fruit phase, middle fruit phase, the full bearing period is respectively each 15-20kg, 25-40kg, 55-60kg; Fertilizing method is: combine to irrigate water-soluble phosphorus potash fertilizer to be dissolved in irrigation water and carry out punching and execute;
C, soil management
Xia Qiu, according to Changes in weather, carries out in time and to take precautions against drought and stain work falls in water drainage;
In conjunction with Shi great Fei, water once permeable;
Water all the other periods and to carry out in conjunction with fertilising;
D, trimming and finishing
Nursery stock within 3 years, high density, tree-like is trunk shape;
More than 3 years nursery stocks, Midst density, tree-like is spindle;
Prune: once prune to rudiment in early spring after fallen leaves, remove sick branch, withered branch, overstocked branch, overlapping branch, intersect dismemberment certainly thorax ventilation and penetrating light condition in tree crown, tree-likely to prune according to required, make tree crown satisfactory; For promoting plant blossom vigorous, neat for water sprout root must be removed, to reduce the nutrient consumption of germination, after pruning, smearing callus corrosion prevention film, make its wound healing; Fruit bearing shoot, rub branch and then need not prune;
E, the extermination of disease and insect pest
The control of rot: remove sick tree, burn disease branch, reduces germ source; Early spring sprays lime sulfur at trunk or brushes lime agent at trunk; On scab, be slit into the tool marks of alternate 0.5 centimetre in length and breadth during first morbidity, deeply reach xylem, then spray bactericide;
The control of chafer, tortrix moth, aphid, bag moth and two spotted spider mite is according to the conventional control method of apple tree.
2. beautiful Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 lucky fruit cultivation method, is characterized in that: the Malus spectabilis nursery stock for transplanting in steps A is the lucky fruit kind of the beautiful Malus spectabilis of grafting on Mains micromalus stock.
3. beautiful Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 lucky fruit cultivation method, is characterized in that: execute during the large fertile time is annual September-October in step B.
4. beautiful Malus spectabilis according to claim 1 lucky fruit cultivation method, is characterized in that: after in step B, Malus spectabilis enters the just fruit phase, and by the applying mode of above-mentioned barnyard manure liquid or compound solution, difference is to water every year to execute 3-4 time:
First time waters water of once surviving the winter;
Water once in conjunction with fertilising before reflorescencing;
Third time watered a young fruit in conjunction with fertilising and expands fertilizer at the beginning of-6 months mid or late Mays;
4th July looks Changes in weather situation, gently waters as one sees fit.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108812037A (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2018-11-16 | 南京林业大学 | Malus spectabilis grafting field planting method |
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