CN105049360B - 用于促进互连交换机的网络中的交换机虚拟化的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于促进互连交换机的网络中的交换机虚拟化的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN105049360B
CN105049360B CN201510218550.5A CN201510218550A CN105049360B CN 105049360 B CN105049360 B CN 105049360B CN 201510218550 A CN201510218550 A CN 201510218550A CN 105049360 B CN105049360 B CN 105049360B
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CN105049360A (zh
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G·C·韦尼格
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/70Virtual switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/74Address processing for routing
    • H04L45/745Address table lookup; Address filtering
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/30Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports
    • H04L49/3009Header conversion, routing tables or routing tags
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/22Parsing or analysis of headers

Abstract

本发明的一个实施例提供了一种计算系统。该计算系统包括处理器和存储由该处理器执行的指令的存储器。所述计算系统在第一表中存储第一交换机标识符与该第一交换机标识符的下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,并在第二表中存储所述第一交换机标识符与远程设备的第一介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)地址之间的第二映射。所述计算系统将具有作为目标地址的第一MAC地址的第一包封装在第一封装报头中,该第一封装报头以所述第一交换机标识符作为该第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符。根据所述第一封装报头,所述封装的包在互连交换机的网络中被转发。

Description

用于促进互连交换机的网络中的交换机虚拟化的方法和系统
相关申请
本申请主张下述权益:发明人格伦·韦尼希(Glenn Wenig)于2014年4月30日提交的、代理人案号为BRCD-3287.0.1.US.PSP、名称为“Method and System for FacilitatingVirtualized Member Switch in a Switch Fabric”的第61/986798号美国临时申请的优先权,其公开内容通过引用的方式结合在本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及网络设计。更具体地,本发明涉及一种用于构造可扩展的交换系统的方法,该可扩展交换系统延伸了网络的边缘。
背景技术
网络的指数式增长使得其成为运行在物理和虚拟设备上的各种应用的流行的传送媒介。这些应用带来了对带宽需求的不断增加。因此,设备供应商争先建立具有通用功能的更大、更快的交换机。然而,交换机的尺寸不能无限增大。它受到物理空间、功耗和设计复杂度等因素的限制。此外,具有更高性能的交换机通常更复杂,并且更昂贵。更重要的是,过于庞大和复杂的系统常常不能产生规模经济,因此,由于增加的每端口成本,单纯地增大交换机尺寸和提高交换机性能可能被证明在经济上是不可行的。
提高交换机系统的可扩展性的一个灵活方式是,建立架构(Fabric)交换机。架构交换机是单独的成员交换机的集合。这些成员交换机形成单个的逻辑交换机,其具有任意数量端口和任意拓扑结构。随着需求的增长,客户可以采用“按需购买”的方式扩展架构交换机的性能。
同时,第二层(Layer-2)和第三层(Layer-3)(例如,分别为以太网协议和互联网协议(IP))交换技术不断发展。IP促进了广域网(WAN)中的路由和端到端的数据传输,同时为无错通信提供安全保障。在另一方面,更多的路由类似功能迁移到Layer-2中。尤其是最新的多链接透明互联(Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links,TRILL)协议的发展,允许以太网交换机的功能更像路由设备。TRILL克服了传统生成树协议固有的低效率,其迫使layer-2交换机连接在逻辑扩充树拓扑结构中,以避免生成环路。通过在交换机中执行路由功能,并且在TRILL报头包括跳跃计数,TRILL允许路由桥(Routing Bridge,RBridge)连接在任意拓扑结构中,而没有生成环路的风险。
虽然架构交换机为网络带来许多理想特性,但是在有效地将大量终端设备(例如,虚拟机)连接为架构交换机方面,一些问题仍然未得到解决。
发明内容
本发明的一个实施例提供了一种计算系统。该计算系统包括处理器和存储器,该存储器存储由该处理器执行的指令。所述计算系统第一表中存储在第一交换机标识符与该第一交换机标识符的下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,并且在第二表中存储所述第一交换机标识符与远程设备的第一介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)地址之间的第二映射。所述计算系统将具有作为目标地址的第一MAC地址的第一包封装在第一封装报头中,该第一封装报头带有第一交换机标识符,该第一交换机标识符作为所述第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符。根据所述第一封装报头,所述封装的包在互连交换机的网络中被转发。
在本实施例的一个变形例中,所述第二表存储在所述网络的一个边缘交换机中。边缘交换机通过本地边缘端口与至少一个终端设备连接。
在本实施了的一个变形例中,所述计算系统还在所述第二表中存储本地交换模块的第二交换机标识符与本地设备的MAC地址之间的第三映射。
在进一步的变形例中,所述计算系统识别在封装第二包的封装报头中作为出口标识符的所述第二交换机标识符,并且将所述第二包提供给所述本地设备。
在本实施例的变形例中,所述计算系统响应于对来自与所述第一交换机标识符相关联的远程交换机的通知消息的负载中的所述第二映射而在所述第二表中增加所述第二映射。
在本实施例的变形例中,所述计算系统确定交换机是否能够处理所述第一封装报头。
在本实施例的变形例中,所述网络中的一个交换机与群标识符相关,其中,所述群标识符表明所述交换机是否是所述网络的成员交换机。
附图说明
图1A为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有虚拟边缘交换机的示例性网络的示意图;
图1B为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有包括虚拟边缘交换机的边缘平面的示例性网络的示意图;
图2A为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有用于虚拟边缘交换机的下一跳交换机的示例性转发表的示意图;
图2B为根据本发明的一个实施例的在虚拟边缘交换机中的示例性边缘介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)表的示意图;
图3A为根据本发明的一个实施例的虚拟边缘交换机发现未知目标的过程的流程图;
图3B为根据本发明的一个实施例的虚拟边缘交换机对未知目标发现的响应过程的流程图;
图4A为根据本发明的一个实施例的虚拟边缘交换机对从本地设备接收的包的转发的过程的流程图;
图4B为根据本发明的一个实施例的中间节点对从虚拟边缘交换机接收的包的转发的过程的流程图;
图5为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有虚拟边缘交换机支持的示例性计算系统的示意图。
附图中相同或相似的附图标记代表相同或相似的部件。
具体实施方式
以下描述的提出是为了本领域技术人员能够制造和使用本发明,并且在具体应用及其需求的情况下提供。对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,可以显而易见地对公开的实施例做出若干变形和改进,并且本文限定的一般原则可以应用到其他实施例和应用中。因此,本发明不限于所示的实施例,其保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
概述
在本发明的实施例中,通过向网络并入运行在主机上的虚拟边缘交换机解决了以可扩展的方式延伸网络的边缘的问题。这些主机可以管理一个或多个虚拟机(VirtualMachine,VM)。这些虚拟边缘交换机作为该网络的成员交换机。通过这种方式,网络的边缘延伸到主机。
采用现有技术,在互连交换机的网络中的交换机可以被称为成员交换机,其通过交换机相互间端口彼此连接。一些成员交换机通过边缘端口连接终端设备(例如,主机,其为管理一个或多个虚拟机的计算设备)。连接终端设备的交换机可以被称为边缘交换机。当成员交换机通过边缘端口接收包时,成员交换机从包中学习介质访问控制(Media AccessControl,MAC)地址,并且将边缘端口与学习的MAC地址相映射。接着,该成员交换机构造通知消息,将该映射包含到该通知消息中,并且将该通知消息发送到网络的其他成员交换机。通过这种方式,一个成员交换机知道从架构交换机的边缘端口学习到的一个MAC地址。
运用服务器虚拟技术,终端设备可以是管理多个虚拟机的主机。主机可以包括运行多个虚拟机的管理程序,每个虚拟机可以具有一个或多个MAC地址。因此,成员交换机可以从其各自的边缘端口学习大量的MAC地址。此外,成员交换机还可能学习在其他成员交换机上学习到的MAC地址。因此,MAC地址学习可以变得不利于网络的扩展,并且导致网络中的MAC地址激增。
为了解决这个问题,可以通过在主机的管理程序中运行虚拟的边缘交换机,将网络的边缘延伸到主机。这种虚拟边缘交换机作为网络的成员交换机。例如,虚拟边缘交换机可以封装包,通过交换机相互间链接将包发送到网络的其他交换机。因此,这些虚拟边缘交换机变成网络的边缘交换机。其他没有连接到终端设备的成员交换机可以称为网络的中间交换机。虚拟边缘交换机可以存在于主机的管理程序中。虚拟边缘交换机还可以工作在主机的网络接口卡(Network Interface Card,NIC)中。例如,虚拟边缘交换机可以实现在该卡的专用集成电路(Application-Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)中。虚拟边缘交换机还可以在虚拟网络设备中,其逻辑连接到管理程序,并运行在主机上。由于虚拟边缘交换机为网络的成员,因此,中间节点维持到虚拟边缘交换机的路径。
在操作期间,在主机中的虚拟边缘交换机接收来自在该主机中的虚拟机的包。该虚拟边缘交换机依次将包封装在封装报头,并且将封装的包转发到网络的中间交换机。该封装报头可以基于架构封装(fabric encapsulation),其允许在架构交换机中转发包,或者基于隧道封装,其允许在隧道中转发包。根据接收的包,中间交换机根据封装报头转发该包,无需检查内部包。因此,中间节点可以转发包而无需学习在主机中的虚拟机的MAC地址。在这种情况下,虚拟边缘交换机学习和管理MAC地址,中间节点转发包无需学习MAC地址。通过这种方式,该网络的边缘网络以可扩展的方式延伸到主机。
在一些实施例中,该网络是架构交换机。在架构交换机中,以逻辑结构连接的任意数量的交换机可以逻辑地以单个交换机的形式运作。该架构交换机可以是以太网架构交换机或虚拟集群交换机(Virtual Cluster Switch,VCS),其可以以单个以太网交换机的形式运作。任意数量的交换机可以以“即插即用”的模式加入或离开架构交换机,无需手动配置。在一些实施例中,在架构交换机中的各交换机是多链接透明互联(TransparentInterconnection of Lots of Links,TRILL)路由桥(Routing Bridge,RBridge)。在还有一些实施例中,在架构交换机中的各交换机是互联网协议(Internet Protocol,IP)具备路由能力的交换机(例如,IP路由器)。
应该注意的是,架构交换机与传统的交换机堆叠是不同的。在交换机堆叠中,多个交换机基于特定的拓扑结构在一个共同位置相互连接(通常在相同的机架中),并且以特定的方式手动配置。这些堆叠的交换机通常共享相同的地址,例如,IP地址,因此,它们可以作为单个交换机被外部寻址。此外,交换机堆叠需要大量的端口和交换机相互间链接的手动配置。在建造大规模交换系统中,手动配置的需要限制交换机堆叠成为一种可行选择。交换机堆叠强加的拓扑结构限制也限制了可以堆叠的交换机的数量。这是因为,如果可能的话,很难设计出一种堆叠拓扑结构使得整个交换带宽能够与交换单元的数量充分协调。
相反,架构交换机可以基于任意拓扑结构,可以包括任意数量的具有单独地址的交换机,并且无需大量的手动配置。这些交换机可以存在于相同的位置,或者分布在不同位置。这些特征克服了交换机堆叠的固有的局限性,并且可以建立庞大的“交换机群”,其可以被当成是单个的、逻辑交换机。由于架构交换机的自动配置功能,单独的物理交换机可以动态加入或离开架构交换机而无需中断剩余网络的服务。
此外,架构交换机的自动和动态可配置性允许网路操作者在分布式和“按需付费”方式中建立它的交换系统,无需牺牲可扩展性。架构交换机对网络环境改变的响应能力使得其成为网络负载经常随着时间变化的虚拟计算环境中的理想解决方案。
还应当注意的是,架构交换机与虚拟局域网(Virtual Local Area Network,VLAN)不同。架构交换机可以容纳多个VLAN。VLAN通常由VLAN标签识别。相反地,架构交换机由架构标识符(例如,VCS标识符)识别,该架构标识符分配给架构交换机。架构交换机的各成员交换机学习终端设备的介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)地址(例如,通过Layer-2MAC地址学习),该成员交换机生成通知消息,在通知消息的有效负载中包含学习的MAC地址,并且将有通知消息发送到架构交换机的所有其他成员交换机。通过这种方式,学习的MAC地址在架构交换机的各成员交换机中共享。
在本发明中,属于“架构交换机”指的是形成单个、可扩展逻辑交换机的若干互连物理交换机。这些物理交换机被称为该架构交换机的成员交换机。在架构交换机中,可以以任意拓扑结构连接任意数量的交换机,并且整个交换机组的功能合在一起作为单个、逻辑交换机。该特征使得其可以使用多个更小的、便宜的交换机来构建大型的架构交换机,该架构交换机在外部可以视为单个逻辑交换机。虽然本发明的提出基于架构交换机的例子,但是本发明的实施例不限于架构交换机。本发明的实施例可以与任何包括多个设备而这些设备又作为一个设备的计算设备相关。
术语“终端设备”可以涉及任何在架构交换机外部的设备。终端设备的例子包括,但不限于,主机、传统的Layer-2交换机、Layer-3路由器或任何其他类型的网络设备。此外,终端设备可以连接到离Layer-2或Layer-3网络更远的其他交换机或主机。终端设备还可以是若干网络设备进入架构交换机的聚合点。管理一个或多个虚拟机的终端设备可以称为主机。在本发明中,术语“终端设备”和“主机”可交换使用。
术语“交换机”在一般意义上使用,它可以涉及工作在任何网络层的任何单独的或架构交换机。“交换机”不应当理解为将本发明的实施例限制为Layer-2网络。任何可以向外部设备或另一交换机转发信息量的设备都可以称为“交换机”。任何可以向终端设备转发信息量的物理或虚拟设备(例如,工作在计算设备上的虚拟机/交换机)都可以称为“交换机”。“交换机”的例子包括,但不限于,Layer-2交换机、Layer-3交换机、TRILL RBridge或包括多个类似或不同的更小的物理和/或虚拟交换机的架构交换机。
术语“边缘端口”涉及网络上的与该网络外的设备交换数据帧的端口(即,边缘端口用于与网络的另一成员交换机交换数据帧)。术语“交换机相互间端口”涉及在网络的成员交换机中间发送/接收数据的端口。术语“接口”和“端口”可以交换使用。
术语“交换机标识符”涉及用于识别交换机的位组。交换机标识符的例子包括,但不限于,介质访问控制(Media Access Control,MAC)地址、互联网协议(InternetProtocol,IP)地址以及RBridge标识符。注意到,TRILL标准使用“RBridge ID”(RBridge标识符)来表示分配给RBridge的48位的中间系统到中间系统(Intermediate-System-to-Intermediate-System,IS-IS)系统ID,并且使用“RBridge别名”来表示充当“RBridge ID”的缩写的16位的值。在本发明中,“交换机标识符”在一般意义上使用,不限于任何位格式,并且可以涉及任何能够识别交换机的格式。术语“RBridge标识符”也在一般意义上使用,不限于任何位格式,并且可以涉及“RBridge ID”、“RBridge别名”或任何能够识别RBridge的其他格式。
术语“包”涉及可以通过网络一起输送的位组。“包”不应当理解为将本发明的实施例限制为Layer-3网络。“包”可以由其他涉及位组的术语替代,例如“信息”、“帧”、“单元”或“数据报”。
术语“隧道”涉及使用另一网络协议封装了一个或多个网络协议的数据通信。虽然使用基于Layer-2协议的Layer-3封装的例子提出本发明,但是“隧道”不应当理解为将本发明的实施例限制为Layer-2和Layer-3协议。“隧道”可以建立并使用任何网络层、子层或网络层的组合。
网络构造
图1A为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有虚拟边缘交换机的示例性网络的示意图。如图1A所示,网络100包括成员交换机101,102,103,104和105。在一些实施例中,网络100是架构交换机。接着,交换机101,102,103,104和105可以以单个交换机的形式运作。在一些实施例中,网络100是TRILL网,并且,各成员交换机,如交换机105,是TRILL RBridge。在一些实施例中,网络100是IP网络,并且,各成员交换机,如交换机105,是具有IP功能的交换机,其计算和维护本地IP路由表(例如,路由信息库(Routing Information Base,RIB)),并且其能够基于IP地址转发包。
在一些实施例中,网络100分配有一群标识符(例如,架构标识符)。网络100的各成员交换机与该群标识符相关联。这使得成员交换机能够表明其是网络100的成员。在一些实施例中,无论何时新的成员交换机加入网络100,该群标识符自动地与该新的成员交换机相关联。此外,网络100的各成员交换机分配有交换机标识符(例如,RBridge identifier、光纤通道(Fibre Channel,FC)域ID(标识符),或IP地址)。这种交换机标识符表明在网络100中的成员交换机。
在这个例子中,终端设备110连接到交换机103和104,终端设备120连接到交换机104和105,并且终端设备160连接到交换机102。终端设备110和120可以是主机,各自管理一个或多个虚拟机。在本发明中,术语“终端设备”和“主机”可以交换使用。主机110包括运行虚拟机114、116和118的管理程序112。主机110可以装备有带有一个或多个端口的网络接口卡(Network Interface Card,NIC)142。主机110通过NIC142的端口连接到交换机103和104。类似地,主机120包括运行虚拟机124,126和128的管理程序122。主机120可以装备有带有一个或多个端口的NIC144。主机120通过NIC144的端口连接到交换机103和104。
网络110中的交换机使用边缘端口与终端设备(例如,非成员设备)通信,并使用交换机相互间端口与其他成员交换机通信。例如,交换机103通过边缘端口连接到终端设备160,并通过交换机相互间端口和一个或多个链接连接到交换机101,103,104和105。通过边缘端口的数据通信可以基于以太网,通过交换机相互间端口的数据通信可以基于IP和/或TRILL协议。应当注意的是,通过交换机相互间端口的控制信息交换可以基于不同的协议(例如,互联网协议(Internet Protocol,IP)或光纤通道(Fibre Channel,FC)协议)。
采用服务器虚拟化,主机110和120管理多个虚拟机,每个虚拟机具有一个或多个MAC地址。例如,主机110的管理程序112运行多个虚拟机114,116和118。因此,交换机103可以从连接主机110的边缘端口学习大量属于虚拟机114,116和118的MAC地址。此外,根据成员交换机之间的可达性信息共享,交换机103还学习大量的由交换机104和105学习的属于虚拟机124,126和128的MAC地址。通过这种方式,具有大量连接到网络100的虚拟机可以使得网络100的MAC地址学习不可扩展,并且导致MAC地址激增。
为了解决这个问题,网络100可以通过运行虚拟边缘交换机132和134分别延伸到主机110和120。虚拟边缘交换机132或134可以以网络100的成员交换机的方式运作。在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机132或134是能够作为交换机并将来自本地设备(例如,虚拟机)的包封装进封装报头的虚拟模块。虚拟边缘交换机132和134分配有(例如,通过网络100的物理交换机配置或自动分配)各自的交换机标识符。在一些实施例中,分配给虚拟边缘交换机的交换机标识符与分配给网络100的物理交换机的交换机标识符具有相同的格式。例如,如果分配给交换机103的交换机标识符是RBridge表标识符,那么分配给虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符也可以是RBridge标识符。
在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机132和134分别存在于管理程序112和122中。虚拟边缘交换机132和134也分别存在于NIC 142和144中,或者在分别与管理程序112和122逻辑连接的额外虚拟网络设备中。虚拟边缘交换机132和134还可以是网络100中的一个或多个物理交换机。应当注意到的是,虚拟边缘交换机132可以存在于管理程序112中,并且虚拟边缘交换机134可以存在于NIC 144中。因此,网络100可以包括虚拟边缘交换机的不同实现方式。如果虚拟边缘交换机132存在于管理程序112中,那么寻边缘交换机132可以通过各虚拟端口连接到虚拟机114,116和118。类似地,虚拟边缘交换机134可以通过各逻辑端口连接到虚拟机124,126和128。
因为虚拟边缘交换机132和134可以以网络100的成员交换机的方式运作,连接主机110和120的链接可以以交换机相互间链接的方式运行(例如,在NIC142和144中的端口可以作为交换机相互间端口)。在初始化过程中,虚拟边缘交换机132根据验证协议确定交换机103和104是否是虚拟边缘交换机的兼容交换机。虚拟边缘交换机132可以发送一个或多个预定值(例如,物理层标志)来确定交换机103和104是否是兼容交换机。如果虚拟边缘交换机132没有从交换机103和104接收到响应,那么虚拟边缘交换机132确定交换机103和104是不兼容的。
如果是兼容的,虚拟边缘交换机132根据发现协议(例如,博科链接发现协议(Brocade Link Discovery Protocol,BLDP))确定网络100的交换机是否支持与虚拟边缘交换机的交互操作。在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机132根据发现协议确定网络100是否支持虚拟边缘交换机132作为成员交换机(例如,网络100是否是架构交换机)。在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机132确定交换机103和104是否可以处理包的封装报头(例如,架构封装报头或隧道封装报头)。当虚拟边缘交换机132变成有效的,虚拟边缘交换机132可以使用发现协议来通知网络100。交换机103或104可以发送包括虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符的通知消息。反过来,虚拟边缘交换机132可以自己分配交换机标识符。虚拟边缘交换机132还可以预配置交换机标识符。虚拟边缘交换机132可以与交换机103和104交换链接参数和虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机功能,转而,将该信息通知给网络100的其他成员交换机。
在一些实施例中,网络100的各成员交换机维护将交换机标识符映射到下一条交换机标识符的转发表。例如,由于通过交换机103和104可以从交换机101到达虚拟边缘交换机132,交换机101维护将虚拟边缘交换机132映射到交换机103和104的各自交换机标识符的转发表。因此,根据对虚拟交换机132的出口包的检测,交换机101将包转发到交换机103或104。在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机132可以参与到路径发现过程(例如,路由过程,如架构最短路径优先(Fabric Shortest Path First,FSPF))中,其允许交换机101发现通过交换机103和104可以从交换机101到达虚拟边缘交换机132。例如,交换机101具有两个等价路径(例如,等价多路径(Equal Cost Multiple Paths,ECMP))通过交换机103和104到达虚拟边缘交换机132。虚拟边缘交换机132可以通知网络100的其他交换机,即,不会通过虚拟边缘交换机132到达的网络100的交换机,从而避免作为中间交换机。应当注意的是,交换机101也维护物理出口交换机类似的转发信息。
使用多路径,交换机101可以在到虚拟边缘交换机132的路径中进行负载平衡。同样地,交换机101可以通过交换机104和105在到虚拟边缘交换机134的路径中进行负载平衡。此外,如果这些路径中的一条路径变成不可用的(例如,由于链接或节点故障),交换机101仍然可以通过其他路径转发包。假设交换机103变成不可用的(例如,由于链接或节点故障)。结果是,通过交换机103从交换机101到虚拟边缘交换机132的路径也变成不可用的。根据该故障检测,交换机101可以通过交换机104将包转发到虚拟边缘交换机。互连交换机的网络,例如,架构交换机,的路由、转发和故障恢复在苏雷什·沃比里瑟提沃(SureshVobbilisetty)和迪利普·查特瓦尼(Dilip Chatwani)于2011年4月14日提交的代理人案号为BRCD-3008.1.US.NP、名称为“虚拟集群交换(Virtual Cluster Switching)”的第13/087239号美国专利申请中详细说明了,其通过引用的方式结合在本文中。
在一些实施例中,当由网络100的物理交换机分配虚拟边缘交换机的交换机标识符时,会生成转发表。假设交换机103向虚拟边缘交换机132分配交换机标识符,该虚拟边缘交换机132转而作为成员交换机加入网络100。接着,虚拟边缘交换机132通过交换机103与网络100的其他成员交换机共享它的可达性信息。虚拟边缘交换机132可以使用网络100的通知服务来分享该信息。例如,虚拟边缘交换机132可以将该信息包括在通知信息的有效负载中,并且向网络100的一个其他交换机(例如,物理和虚拟交换机)发送该通知信息。
虚拟边缘交换机132可以维护包括虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符和虚拟机114,116和118的MAC地址之间的映射的边缘MAC表。可以根据对MAC地址的学习,生成该边缘MAC表。例如,当虚拟边缘交换机132从虚拟机114接收包时,虚拟边缘交换机132学习虚拟机114的MAC地址,并且将学习到的MAC地址映射到虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符。该边缘MAC表还可以采用在虚拟边缘交换机132中的映射(例如,基于预配置,而不基于MAC地址学习)预生成。结果是,当虚拟边缘交换机132变成有效的,这些映射在它的本地边缘MAC表中是有效的。类似地,虚拟边缘交换机132维护包括虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符和虚拟机124,126和128的MAC地址之间的映射的边缘MAC表。
在操作期间,虚拟机113向虚拟机124发送包。由于虚拟边缘交换机132存在于管理程序112中,因此虚拟边缘交换机132获得该包,将该包封装在封装报头(例如,TRILL报头或IP报头)中,并将该封装的包通过交换机相互间端口发送到网络110中。发送包包括识别用于该包的一个或多个出口端口并通过识别的端口发送该包。虚拟边缘交换机132可以将它的交换机标识符用作封装报头的出口交换机标识符。如果目的地是未知的,虚拟边缘交换机132将对应网络100中的各交换机的“全交换机”标识符用作封装报头的出口交换机标识符,并且将该包转发到交换机103。虚拟边缘交换机132采用作为出口交换机标识符的“全交换机”标识符将包转发到网络100中的各交换机。在一些实施例中,交换机132向包括网络100的各交换机(例如,物理和虚拟交换机)的组播分布树的根交换机发送包。该根交换机通过组播分布树向网络100的各交换机发送数据。该根交换机可能不会向始发交换机(例如,虚拟边缘交换机132)转发该包。
由于虚拟边缘交换机132连接到交换机103和104,因此,这些交换机中的一个交换机接收封装的包。假设交换机103接收到该包。根据接收到的包,交换机103可以基于封装报头转发包,而无需学习虚拟机113的MAC地址。通过这种方式,在网络100中,虚拟边缘交换机学习MAC地址,并且中间交换机转发包而无需学习MAC地址。当包到达虚拟边缘交换机132,该虚拟边缘交换机132查询它的本地边缘MAC表,并在该本地边缘MAC表中识别虚拟机124的MAC地址。虚拟边缘交换机134解封装该封装报头,提取内部包,并且将内部包转发到虚拟机124。虚拟边缘交换机134从内部包学习虚拟机113的MAC地址,从封装报头学习虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符,并且采用虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符和虚拟机114的MAC地址之间的映射更新该虚拟边缘交换机134的本地边缘MAC表。
在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机134创建通知信息,并将虚拟边缘交换机134和目标虚拟机124的MAC地址之间的映射包含在通知信息的有效负载中。根据网络100的MAC地址共享策略,学习的MAC地址可能或可能不会与网络100的中间交换机共享。例如,如果网络100的MAC地址共享策略规定学习的MAC地址应当只与边缘交换机共享,虚拟边缘交换机132将通信信息发送到网络100的一个其他边缘交换机。通过这种方式,只有网络100的边缘交换机(例如,虚拟边缘交换机132和134)学习用在通信中的MAC地址。
应当注意到,物理交换机还可以用作边缘交换机。例如,交换机102可以是边缘交换机,因为,终端设备160通过边缘端口连接到交换机102。因此,交换机102还可以接收通知信息。如果没有包从虚拟机128发送,虚拟边缘交换机132不会学习虚拟机128的MAC地址。在虚拟边缘交换机132和134中的边缘MAC表可能不会与网络100的中间交换机共享或同步。这允许MAC地址学习能够孤立和本地化,并且防止MAC地址在网络100中泛滥。
在另一方面,如果网络100的MAC地址共享策略规定学习的MAC地址应当与网络100的所有成员交换机共享,虚拟边缘交换机134将通知信息发送到网络100的一个其他成员交换机。因此,网络100的中间交换机(例如,交换机101,103,104和105)也发送通知信息。这提供了向后兼容,并允许不支持虚拟边缘交换机的设备能够运行在网络100中。
在一些实施例中,虚拟边缘交换机132和134支持与软件定义网络(Software-Defined Network,SDN)相关联的流定义。该流定义可以基于SDN的OpenFlow协议。各虚拟边缘交换机,如虚拟边缘交换机132,可以维护包括一个或多个流条目的流表。流条目表明包如何属于应当转发的流。例如,流条目可以包括流的包的出口端口,以及一个或多个要在包上执行的动作。根据对包的接收,虚拟边缘交换机132生成流密钥,其根据该包的入口端口标识符识别流,以及一个或多个包的Layer-2,Layer-3和Layer-4报头域。
虚拟边缘交换机132应用哈希函数来计算哈希值,并且使用该哈希值在流表中查找相应的流条目。该查找导致施加到包上的一系列动作,包括对一个或多个报头域做出改变、虚拟局域网络(Virtual Local Area Network,VLAN)标签的增加或删除,以及包的出口端口的识别。该出口端口可以是逻辑端口(例如,在主机110中连接虚拟机)。如果哈希值与流表中的流条目不匹配,包可以作为非SDN包(例如,没有定义流定义的包)处理。
由于虚拟边缘交换机132从接收到的包(例如,以太网帧)中学习MAC地址,虚拟边缘交换机132根据学习的MAC地址创建流条目。这种流条目可以表明带有学习的作为目标MAC地址的MAC地址应当通过已经学习了MAC地址的物理或逻辑端口转发。除了根据MAC地址学习的流条目的生成,可以通过外部控制器增加、改变或删除包括相关联的动作的流条目。例如,存在于主机(例如,主机110)中的外部OpenFlow控制器、物理交换机(例如,交换机101)或终端设备(例如,终端设备16)可以提供对虚拟边缘交换机132的流定义,其转而在本地流表中创建相应的流条目。
图1B为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有包括虚拟边缘交换机的边缘平面的示例性网络的示意图。在这个例子中,终端设备150和170连接到交换机103。终端设备150和170可以是主机,每个主机管理一个或多个虚拟机。主机150包括运行虚拟机154,156和158的管理程序,并且主机170包括运行虚拟机174,176和178的管理程序172。主机150和170分别包括虚拟交换机136和138。
通常,主机的处理能力的使用随着在主机上的虚拟交换机的操作的增加而增加。因此,减少由虚拟交换机支持的操作的数量可以为管理更多虚拟机提供更多处理能力。在一些实施例中,交换机103和虚拟交换机136和138可以运行在管理程序中。虚拟交换机136和138配备有标准Layer-2转发能力,并创建Layer-2边缘平面180。虚拟交换机136和138可能没有封装来自它们各自主机中的虚拟机的包。交换机103作为边缘平面180的各交换机的主交换机,负责来自这些虚拟机的包的封装。
交换机103还作为网络100中的边缘交换机。因此,交换机103维护虚拟交换机136和138的边缘MAC表。边缘MAC表包括虚拟交换机136的标识符和虚拟机154,156和158之间的映射。边缘MAC表还包括虚拟交换机138的标识符和虚拟机174,176和178的MAC地址之间的映射。虚拟机136和138的标识符的例子包括,但不限于,MAC地址、IP地址和RBridge标识符。交换机103还可以维护映射虚拟交换机136和138的标识符和它们各自的出口端口(例如,使用端口标识符)的转发表条目。网络100的其他边缘交换机,如虚拟边缘交换机134,维护交换机103的交换机标识符和虚拟机154,156,158,174,176和178的MAC地址之间的映射。
在操作期间,虚拟机124向虚拟机发送包(例如,以太网帧)。虚拟边缘交换机134接收包并确定目标MAC地址与交换机103相关联。虚拟边缘交换机132采用封装报头封装该包,并分配交换机103的交换机标识符作为封装报头的出口交换机标识符。虚拟边缘交换机134向交换机104转发封装的包,交换机104转而根据封装报头的出口交换机标识符将该包转发到交换机103。交换机103接收该包,解封装该封装报头,并且获得内部包的目标MAC地址。交换机103在它的本地边缘MAC表中识别MAC地址,并且获得虚拟交换机136的标识符。交换机103识别映射到虚拟交换机136的标识符的出口端口,并且通过该出口端口发送该包。虚拟交换机136接收该包,并且将该包提供给虚拟机154。
映射表
图2A为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有用于虚拟边缘交换机的下一跳交换机的示例性转发表的示意图。假设交换机103,104和105分别与交换机标识符212,214和216相关联,并且虚拟边缘交换机132和134分别与交换机标识符202和204相关联。在这个例子这种,交换机101的转发表200包括虚拟边缘交换机132和134的交换机标识符与用于虚拟边缘交换机132和134的交换机101的下一跳交换机之间的映射。
由于交换机103是从交换机101到虚拟边缘交换机132的下一跳交换机,转发表200包括虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符202和交换机103的交换机标识符212之间的映射。由于相同的原因,转发表200包括交换机标识符202和交换机104的交换机标识符214之间的映射。因为虚拟边缘交换机132可以参与网络100中的路径发现(例如,基于路由算法),可以基于路径发现生成转发表200。类似地,交换机104是从交换机101到虚拟边缘交换机134的下一跳交换机,转发表200包括虚拟边缘交换机134的交换机标识符204和交换机104的交换机标识符214之间的映射。由于相同的原因,转发表200包括交换机标识符204和交换机105的交换机标识符216之间的映射。
图2B为根据本发明的一个实施例的在虚拟边缘交换机中的示例性边缘MAC表的示意图。假设MAC地址232,234,236和238分别分配给虚拟机114,116,118和124。虚拟边缘交换机132维护边缘MAC表230,其包括虚拟边缘交换机132的交换机标识符202和虚拟机114,116和118的MAC地址232,234和234之间的映射。可以基于MAC地址学习生成边缘MAC表230。例如,当虚拟边缘交换机132从虚拟机114接收包,虚拟边缘交换机132学习MAC地址232,并在边缘MAC表230中的条目中将MAC地址映射到交换机标识符202。还可以采用在虚拟边缘交换机132中的映射(例如,基于预配置,而不基于MAC地址学习)预生成边缘MAC表230。因此,当虚拟边缘交换机132变成有效的,这些映射在边缘MAC表230中变成可用的。
虚拟边缘交换机134维护类似的MAC表,其包括虚拟边缘交换机134的交换机标识符204和虚拟机124,126和128的MAC地址之间的映射。假设虚拟边缘交换机134接收带有封装报头的包,该封装报头带有作为出口交换机标识符的“全交换机”标识符。如果这种包包括带有作为目标MAC地址的MAC地址238的内部包,虚拟边缘交换机134确定MAC地址238在本地边缘MAC表中。接着,虚拟边缘交换机134使用包括交换机标识符204和MAC地址238之间的映射的通知信息通知网络100的虚拟边缘交换机132和其他边缘交换机。
根据接收的通知信息,虚拟边缘交换机132学习映射,并根据交换机标识符204和MAC地址238之间的映射更新边缘MAC表230。通过这种方式,边缘MAC表230可以同时包括预生成的MAC地址和学习的MAC地址。然而,在边缘MAC表230中学习的MAC地址与虚拟边缘交换机132的通信相关联。例如,如果虚拟边缘交换机132没有与虚拟机128通信,那么边缘MAC表230不会包括虚拟机128的MAC地址。应当注意的是,边缘MAC表230是虚拟边缘交换机132的本地表,并且没有分发给网络100的中间交换机。
未知目标发现
在图1A的例子中,当虚拟机144向虚拟机124发送包并且虚拟边缘交换机132还没有学习虚拟机124的MAC地址时,虚拟机124的MAC地址是未知的目标。图3A为根据本发明的一个实施例的虚拟边缘交换机发现未知目标的过程的流程图。在操作期间,互连交换机的网络的虚拟边缘交换机从本地设备(例如,本地虚拟机)接收带有未知目的标识的包(操作302)。
虚拟边缘交换机将包封装到带有“全交换机”标识符的封装报头中,该“全交换机”标识符作为封装报头的出口交换机标识符(操作304)。这种封装报头可以是用于在架构交换机中转发包的架构封装报头。这种封装报头还可以是用于在隧道中转发包的隧道封装报头。隧道的例子包括,但不限于,虚拟可扩展局域网(Virtual Extensible Local AreaNetwork,VXLAN)、通用路由封装(Generic Routing Encapsulation,GRE)及其变化,如使用GRE的网络虚拟化Network Virtualization using GRE,NVGRE)和OpenvSwitch GRE。虚拟边缘交换机将本地边缘标识符设为封装报头的出口交换机标识符(操作306),并且根据网络的“全交换机”转发策略发送封装的包(操作308)。“全交换机”转发策略的例子包括,但不限于,通过包括网络的各交换机的组播树的转发、通过根为出口交换机的组播树的转发、到网络的各成员交换机的单播转发,以及在网络中的广播。
如果未知目标连接到远程边缘交换机,那么虚拟边缘交换机可以从该远程边缘交换机接收通知信息,该通知信息带有作为封装报头的出口交换机标识符的本地交换机标识符(操作310),结合图1A所示。出口交换机标识符还可以是扫描网络的边缘交换机的组播树的组播地址。这种通知信息允许虚拟边缘交换机学习远程交换机远程学习的MAC地址。虚拟边缘交换机解封装该通知信息,并且提取交换机标识符和发送的内部包的目标MAC地址(例如,未知目标)之间的映射(操作312)。接着,虚拟边缘交换机用提取的映射更新本地边缘MAC表(操作314),结合图2B所示。
图3B为根据本发明的一个实施例的虚拟边缘交换机对未知目标发现的响应过程的流程图。在操作期间,互连交换机的网络的虚拟边缘交换机接收带有作为封装报头的出口交换机标识符的“全交换机”标识符的封装的包(操作252)。虚拟边缘交换机从封装报头获得进口交换机标识符(操作354),并解封装包,提取内部包(操作356)。接着,虚拟边缘交换机将进口交换机标识符映射到内部包的源MAC地址,并且用该映射更新本地边缘MAC表(操作358)。
虚拟边缘交换机检查目标MAC地址是否正在本地边缘MAC表中(操作360)。如果是,虚拟边缘交换机识别与目标MAC地址相关联的本地目标设备(例如,虚拟机)(操作362),并向识别的目标设备提供(例如,逻辑交换)内部包(操作364)。接着,虚拟边缘交换机生成包括本地交换机标识符和内部包的目标MAC地址之间的映射的通知信息(操作366)并且用封装报头封装该通知信息(操作368)。虚拟边缘交换机将本地交换机标识符设为入口交换机标识符,并将获得的交换机标识符设为封装报头的入口交换机标识符(操作370)。虚拟边缘交换机识别用于通知信息的入口端口,并通过识别的端口转发该通知信息(操作372)。
包转发
在图1A的例子中,虚拟边缘交换机132封装和转发从本地虚拟机接收的包。交换机103或104接收封装的包,并根据封装报头转发该包。图4A为根据本发明的一个实施例的虚拟边缘交换机对从本地设备接收的包的转发的过程的流程图。在操作过程中,虚拟边缘交换机从本地设备接收包,该本地设备可以是本地虚拟机(操作402)。虚拟边缘交换机从本地边缘MAC表识别映射到包的目标MAC地址的交换机标识符(操作404)如果目标MAC地址没有在本地边缘MAC表中,那么该目标MAC地址是未知的目标,并且相应转发该包,结合图3A所示。虚拟边缘交换机用封装报头封装接收的包(操作406)。
虚拟边缘交换机将本地交换机标识符设为入口交换机标识符,并将识别的交换机标识符设为封装报头的出口交换机标识符(操作408)。虚拟边缘交换机从转发表中识别映射到出口交换机标识符的交换机标识符,并从识别的交换机标识符中选择下一跳交换机标识符(操作410)。这种选择可以基于选择策略(例如,负载平衡、安全等)。接着,虚拟边缘交换机识别与确定的下一跳交换机标识符相关联的出口端口,并且通过识别的端口转发该封装的包(操作412)。应当注意到的是,出口端口可以是物理或虚拟端口。如果该封装是基于架构封装协议(例如,TRILL或IP),虚拟边缘交换机可以获得映射到下一跳交换机标识符的MAC地址,并将MAC地址用作外部封装报头的外部目标MAC地址(例如,外部以太网报头或TRILL报头)。
图4B为根据本发明的一个实施例的中间节点对从虚拟边缘交换机接收的包的转发的过程的流程图。在操作期间,虚拟边缘交换机接收带有封装报头的封装的包(操作452),并识别封装报头的出口交换机标识符(操作454)。虚拟边缘交换机从转发表识别映射到出口交换机标识符的交换机标识符,并从识别的交换机标识符中选择下一跳标识符(操作456)。这种选择可以基于选择策略(例如,负载平衡、安全等)。接着,虚拟边缘交换机识别与确定的下一跳交换机标识符相关联的出口端口,并通过识别的端口转发封装的包(操作458)。
示例性计算系统
图5为根据本发明的一个实施例的带有虚拟边缘交换机支持的示例性计算系统的示意图。在这个例子中,计算新系统500包括通用处理器504、存储器506、若干通信端口502、包处理器510、边缘管理模块530、封装模块532和存储设备520。在一些实施例中,边缘管理模块530是计算系统500的NIC。计算系统500可以连接到显示设备542和输入设备544。
边缘管理模块530在存储设备520中存储转发表522,该转发表522包括第一交换机标识符和该第一交换机标识符的下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,结合图2A所示。边缘管理模块530还在存储设备520中存储边缘MAC表524,改边缘MAC表524包括第一交换机标识符和远程设备的第一MAC地址之间的第二映射,结合图2B所示。边缘管理模块530可以在第二表中增加该第二映射,以响应对来自于第一交换机标识符相关联的远程交换机的通知信息的有效负载中的第二映射的识别。边缘MAC表524还可以包括本地交换机模块的第二交换机标识符和本地设备的MAC地址之间的第三映射。本地和远程设备可以是虚拟机。
在操作期间,封装模块532将具有作为目标地址的第一MAC地址的第一包封装第一封装报头,该第一封装报头带有作为所述第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符的第一交换机标识符,。边缘管理模块530可以确定交换机是否能够处理第一封装报头,结合图1A所示。在一些实施例中,边缘管理模块530维护在互连交换机的网络(例如,架构交换机)中的成员资格。网络的各交换机与群标识符相关,该群标识符表明该交换机是否是该网络的成员交换机。
注意到上述模块可以在硬件中执行,也可以在软件中执行。在一个实施例中,这些模块可以体现在存储在存储器中的计算机可执行指令中,该存储器连接到计算设备500中的一个或多个处理器。当执行这些指令的时候,这些指令致使处理器执行上述功能。
总之,本发明的实施例提供了延伸网络的边缘的系统和方法。在一个实施例中,该计算系统包括处理器和存储有由该处理器执行的指令的存储器。该计算系统在第一表中存储第一交换机标识符和该第一交换机标识符的下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,并且在第二表中存储所述第一交换机标识符和远程设备的第一介质访问控制(Media AccessControl,MAC)地址之间的第二映射。该计算系统在带有第一交换机标识符的第一封装报头中封装第一包,该第一交换机标识符作为第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符,该第一包具有作为目标地址的第一MAC地址。该封装的包根据第一封装报头在互连交换机的网络中被转发。
这里描述的方法和过程可以体现为代码和/或数据,其可以存储在计算机可读的非易失存储介质中。当计算机系统读取和执行在计算机可读的非易失存储介质上存储的代码和/或数据时,该计算机系统执行体现为数据结构和代码并存储在介质中的方法和过程。
这里描述的方法和过程可以由硬件模块或装置执行,和/或包含在硬件模块或装置中。这些模块或装置可以包括,但不限于,专用集成电路(Application-SpecificIntegrated Circuit,ASIC)芯片、现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Aarray,FPGA)、在特定时间执行特定软件模块或代码段的专用或共用的处理器,和/或现在已知的或后续开发的其他可编程逻辑设备。当激活硬件模块或装置时,它们执行包含在它们中的方法和过程。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的几种实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。

Claims (21)

1.一种促进交换机虚拟化的方法,包括:
在第一表中存储第一交换机的第一交换机标识符与下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,其中所述下一跳交换机标识符指示相对于所述第一交换机的下一跳交换机,并且其中所述第一交换机标识符被分配给在与虚拟机关联的管理程序中的虚拟边缘交换机;
在第二表中存储所述第一交换机标识符与远程设备的第一介质访问控制(MAC)地址之间的第二映射;
将所述第一MAC地址识别为第一包的目的地地址;
基于所述第二映射将所述第一包封装在第一封装报头中,其中所述第一交换机标识符作为所述第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符;以及
基于所述第一映射确定与用于所述封装包的所述下一跳交换机标识符相关联的出口端口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第二表存储在互联交换机的网络中的边缘交换机的存储设备中,其中所述边缘交换机是从所述虚拟边缘交换机通过本地边缘端口可达的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述方法还包括在所述第二表中存储本地交换机模块的第二交换机标识符与本地设备的MAC地址之间的第三映射。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,所述方法还包括:
识别作为封装第二包的封装报头中的出口标识符的所述第二交换机标识符;以及
确定与用于所述第二包的MAC地址相关联的出口端口。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述方法还包括响应于对来自于所述第一交换机标识符相关联的远程交换机的通知消息的负载中的所述第二映射的识别,在所述第二表中增加所述第二映射。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,所述方法还包括确定交换机是否能够处理所述第一封装报头。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述虚拟边缘交换机与架构标识符相关联,其中所述架构标识符表明该虚拟边缘交换机是否是互联交换机的网络的成员交换机。
8.一种非易失计算机可读存储介质,其存储有指令,当由计算机执行这些指令时,致使所述计算机执行一种方法,该方法包括:
在第一表中存储第一交换机的第一交换机标识符与下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,其中所述下一跳交换机标识符指示相对于所述第一交换机的下一跳交换机,并且其中所述第一交换机标识符被分配给在与虚拟机关联的管理程序中的虚拟边缘交换机;
在第二表中存储所述第一交换机标识符与远程设备的第一介质访问控制(MAC)地址之间的第二映射;并且
将所述第一MAC地址识别为第一包的目的地地址;
基于所述第二映射将所述第一包封装在第一封装报头中,其中所述第一交换机标识符作为所述第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符;以及
基于所述第一映射确定与用于所述封装包的所述下一跳交换机标识符相关联的出口端口。
9.根据权利要求8所述的非易失计算机可读存储介质,其中所述第二表存储在互联交换机的网络中的边缘交换机的存储设备中,其中所述边缘交换机是从所述虚拟边缘交换机通过本地边缘端口可达的。
10.根据权利要求8所述的非易失计算机可读存储介质,其中所述方法还包括在所述第二表中存储本地交换机模块的第二交换机标识符与本地设备的MAC地址之间的第三映射。
11.根据权利要求10所述的非易失计算机可读存储介质,其中所述方法还包括:
识别作为封装第二包的封装报头中的出口标识符的所述第二交换机标识符;以及
确定与用于所述第二包的MAC地址相关联的出口端口。
12.根据权利要求8所述的非易失计算机可读存储介质,其中所述方法还包括响应于对来自于所述第一交换机标识符相关联的远程交换机的通知消息的负载中的所述第二映射的识别,在所述第二表中增加所述第二映射。
13.根据权利要求8所述的非易失计算机可读存储介质,其中所述方法还包括确定交换机是否能够处理所述第一封装报头。
14.根据权利要求8所述的非易失计算机可读存储介质,其中所述虚拟边缘交换机与架构标识符相关联,其中所述架构标识符表明该虚拟边缘交换机是否是互联交换机的网络的成员交换机。
15.一种计算系统,其包括:
处理器;以及
非易失计算机可读存储介质,其存储有指令,当由所述处理器执行这些指令时,致使所述处理器执行一种方法,该方法包括:
在第一表中存储第一交换机的第一交换机标识符与下一跳交换机标识符之间的第一映射,其中所述下一跳交换机标识符指示相对于所述第一交换机的下一跳交换机,并且其中所述第一交换机标识符被分配给在与虚拟机关联的管理程序中的虚拟边缘交换机;
在第二表中存储所述第一交换机标识符与远程设备的第一介质访问控制(MAC)地址之间的第二映射;并且
将所述第一MAC地址识别为第一包的目的地地址;
基于所述第二映射将所述第一包封装在第一封装报头中,其中所述第一交换机标识符作为所述第一封装报头的出口交换机标识符;以及
基于所述第一映射确定与用于所述封装包的所述下一跳交换机标识符相关联的出口端口。
16.根据权利要求15所述的计算系统,其中所述第二表存储在互联交换机的网络中的边缘交换机的存储设备中,其中所述边缘交换机是从所述虚拟边缘交换机通过本地边缘端口可达的。
17.根据权利要求15所述的计算系统,其中所述方法还包括在所述第二表中存储本地交换机模块的第二交换机标识符与本地设备的MAC地址之间的第三映射。
18.根据权利要求17所述的计算系统,其中所述方法还包括:
识别作为封装第二包的封装报头中的出口标识符的所述第二交换机标识符;以及
确定与用于所述第二包的MAC地址相关联的出口端口。
19.根据权利要求15所述的计算系统,其中所述方法还包括响应于对来自于所述第一交换机标识符相关联的远程交换机的通知消息的负载中的所述第二映射的识别,在所述第二表中增加所述第二映射。
20.根据权利要求15所述的计算系统,其中所述方法还包括确定交换机是否能够处理所述第一封装报头。
21.根据权利要求15所述的计算系统,其中所述虚拟边缘交换机与架构标识符相关联,其中所述架构标识符表明该虚拟边缘交换机是否是互联交换机的网络的成员交换机。
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