CN105043283B - The method that deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the method that deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field, comprise the following steps：Step 1：According to the basic assumption of light stream field theory, two components u and v of the motion vector between two frame consecutive images are obtained；Step 2：The horizontal frequency f of the first two field picture striped is extracted by window Fourier transform methodx0With longitudinal frequency fy0；Step 3：Two component u and v of the motion vector obtained using the step 1 and the step 2 obtain the horizontal frequency f of stripedx0With longitudinal frequency fy0The knots modification of phase is calculated.The present invention need to only complete the extraction of deformation phase with two width bar graph cans in the spatial domain, frequency domain and Phase unwrapping operation need not be transformed into, measured suitable for dynamic, it is and better in the effect of the more intensive extracted region phase of striped, the shortcomings that demodulating error is larger when striped is overstocked in existing phase demodulating method is overcome completely, process is simple, conveniently, while this method also measures for interference of light dynamic and provides new approach.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field.
Background technology
Optical interferometry method because its unique advantage occupy in the three-dimensional appearance and deformation measurement of object it is very heavy
The status wanted, such as ESPI, holographic interference, moiréinterferometry.Need to demodulate in bar graph in these methods
The phase information of every bit can just realize deformation measurement, and the method for demodulation phase is broadly divided into time phase mensuration and sky
Between the major class of phase measurement two.Time phase mensuration, such as temporal phase-shifting method (Temporal Phase-shifting
Method, TPM) etc., have that displacement measurement accuracy is high, advantages of simple structure and simple, but the bar graph that needs of such method compared with
It is more, it is time-consuming longer, generally it is only applicable to static measurement；Space phase mensuration is by spatially obtaining more letters
Cease to extract phase, such as spatial phase-shifting method (Spatial Phase-shifting Method, SPM) and Fourier converter techniques
(Fourier Transform Method, FTM) etc., the measurement to dynamic process phase can be achieved.But the former light path
It is complex, and precision is relatively low；The processing procedure of the latter is comparatively laborious, is difficult to realize the automation of striped processing.Meanwhile the above
Measurement of the method for displacement field does not account for time-parameters, thus the quantitative measurment to dynamic field can not just obtain satisfaction
Result.For this problem, there is research worker to propose time series phase method (Time Sequence Phase
Method, TSPM), by time-parameters introduce speckle interference among, successfully extracted phase information, adapt to large deformation,
Time-varying measures.But this method can not provide determination value in displacement directionality, therefore it is only used in the time-varying field of dullness.Except this
Outside, above method is required for carrying out Phase unwrapping operation, and this undoubtedly adds the operand and error of phase extraction.Together
When, due to that can not judge the details of each striped in striped dense Region, therefore above method is in the phase of the intensive place's demodulation of striped
Error is all bigger.
In the 1950s, Gribson et al. be based on motion structure rebuild principle (Structure From Motion,
SFM light stream (optical flow) concept) is proposed for the first time：In the two-dimensional image sequence changed over time, motion
Due to the change of luminance patterns, caused flowing is light stream to three-dimensional scenic.Hereafter, domestic and foreign scholars propose successively
Different optical flow approach, in precision, the many-side such as robustness and real-time achieves important breakthrough.1997, studies in China
Personnel are proposed to introduce light stream Field Analyze Method among optical interference metering, and new think of is provided for interference of light dynamic measurement
Road, but it does not do deep discussion.2011, J.Vargas et al. passed through with light stream field theory and the success of SPT operators
Single image phase has been extracted, but this method stills need the operation of a series of complex such as phase unwrapping, and be not suitable for realizing
Dynamic deformation measures.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is exactly to solve the above problems, there is provided a kind of to carry out deformation of body phase survey using optical flow field
The method of amount, only need in the spatial domain with two width bar graph cans complete deformation phase extraction, without be transformed into frequency domain with
Phase unwrapping operates, and is measured suitable for dynamic, and better in the effect of the more intensive extracted region phase of striped, overcomes completely
The shortcomings that demodulating error is larger when striped is overstocked in existing phase demodulating method.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The method that deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field, is comprised the following steps：
Step 1：According to the basic assumption of light stream field theory, two of the motion vector between two frame consecutive images are obtained
Component u and v；
Step 2：The horizontal frequency f of the first two field picture striped is extracted by window Fourier transform methodx0With longitudinal frequency fy0；
Step 3：Two component u and v of the motion vector obtained using the step 1 and the step 2 obtain striped
Horizontal frequency fx0With longitudinal frequency fy0The knots modification of phase is calculated.
The specific method of the step 1 is：Formula：
un+1=un-Ix[(Ixun+Iyvn+It)]/(α2+Ix 2+Iy 2) and
vn+1=vn-Iy[(Ixun+Iyvn+It)]/(α2+Ix 2+Iy 2) iteration obtains,
Wherein,Ix、IyAnd ItRespectively image I is t pixel for x, y, t partial derivative, I
Point (x, y) place gray value, un+1And vn+1For two components of resulting motion vector after every (n+1)th iteration of image
Motion vector field between u and v value, i.e. two images；unAnd vnFor resulting fortune after every nth iteration of image
Two components u and v of dynamic vector value；α is smoothing parameter.
The result of the step 2 is by formulaTry to achieve, (fx0,fy0) be to make |
Sf (x, y, ξ, η) | (ξ, the η) of maximum is taken, wherein,
(ξ, η) be space some frequency domain coordinates corresponding to (x, y), Sf (μ, ν；ξ, η) it is that f (x, y) is right after window Fourier transform
The result of frequency domain is answered, f (x, y) is the two dimensional image of width input；G (x, y) is window function, takes Gaussian functionσxAnd σyFor the standard deviation of Gaussian Profile, its value decides the size of Gauss window.
The specific method of the step 3 is：By two components u and v of motion vector, the horizontal frequency f of stripedx0With it is vertical
To frequency fy0Bring formula into For point (x0, y0) phase within the Δ t times
Knots modification, try to achieve the phase of the two frame consecutive images variable.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The present invention need to only complete the extraction of deformation phase with two width bar graph cans in the spatial domain, without being transformed into frequency
Domain and Phase unwrapping operation, are measured suitable for dynamic, and better in the effect of the more intensive extracted region phase of striped, completely
Overcome the shortcomings that demodulating error is larger when striped is overstocked in existing phase demodulating method, process is simple, conveniently, while this method
Also new approach is provided for interference of light dynamic measurement.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is original interference striped simulation drawing；
Fig. 2 (a) is for additive phaseStriped simulation drawing afterwards, Fig. 2 (b) are additive phase
Striped simulation drawing afterwards；
Fig. 3 is that additive phase isWhen the x directions optical flow field cross-sectional view at y=127 estimated；
Fig. 4 is to additive phaseThe normalization analog result of extraction；
Fig. 5 (a) is to additive phaseThe normalization notional result of extraction, Fig. 5 (b) are to additive phaseExtraction
Normalization analog result；
Fig. 6 (a) is the initial bar graph that experiment obtains, and Fig. 6 (b) is the bar graph after the phase of additional π/7 that experiment obtains；
Fig. 7 is experimental result picture.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The method that deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field, is comprised the following steps：
Step 1：According to the basic assumption of light stream field theory, two of the motion vector between two frame consecutive images are obtained
Component u and v；
Step 2：The horizontal frequency f of the first two field picture striped is extracted by window Fourier transform methodx0With longitudinal frequency fy0；
Step 3：Two component u and v of the motion vector obtained using the step 1 and the step 2 obtain striped
Horizontal frequency fx0With longitudinal frequency fy0The knots modification of phase is calculated.
The calculating of 1 motion vector
It is I (x, y, t) to be located at t pixel (x, y) place gray value, (the t+ Δ t) moment, the point moved to new position
Put that (x+ Δs x, y+ Δ y), gray value are designated as I (x+ Δs x, y+ Δ y).According to image consistency it is assumed that i.e. image is along moving rail
Mark brightness keeps constant, meetsThen
I (x, y, t)=I (x+ Δs x, y+ Δ y, t+ Δ t) (1)
If u and v are respectively two components of the light stream vector along x and y directions, andBy I (x+ Δs
X, y+ Δ y, t+ Δ t) are deployed with Taylor's formula, are obtained：
Formula (2) ignores high-order term more than second order, has
Due to Δ t → 0, formula (3) is changed into
Ixu+Iyv+It=0 (5)
WhereinIx、IyAnd ItRespectively image I can use for x, y, t partial derivative, their value
The first-order difference of adjacent image target pixel points is estimated to obtain in image sequence.Formula (5) is the basic equation of light stream, due to only
There is an equation, light stream can only be tried to achieve along the value I on gradient directionx、IyAnd It, and u, v solution are non-unique, therefore need to add
Entering constraints could solving speed vector.Light stream sports ground is calculated according to Horn-Schunck algorithms.
The basic thought of Horn-Schunck algorithms is to require that light stream is smooth as far as possible in itself when solving light stream.It is so-called
Smoothly, it is exactly the ▽ in given neighborhood2u+▽2V is small as far as possible, i.e.,
Composite type (5) and formula (6), the variation that the calculating of light stream (u, v) is attributed to formula (7) by Horn-Schunck algorithms are asked
Topic.
Corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation can be obtained, and is solved using Gauss-Gauss-Seidel method, obtains figure
As (the u of upper every (n+1) secondary iterative estimaten+1,vn+1) be：
un+1=un-Ix[(Ixun+Iyvn+It)]/(α2+Ix 2+Iy 2) (8)
Vn+1=vn-Iy[(Ixun+Iyvn+It)]/(α2+Ix 2+Iy 2)
(9)
It it is two points of the motion vector field between two field pictures according to the u obtained by formula (8) and (9) iteration and v
Amount.
The calculating of 2 fringe frequencies
To extract fringe frequency, following window Fourier computing is introduced：
In formula (10), (ξ, η) be space some frequency domain coordinates corresponding to (x, y), Sf (μ, ν；ξ, η) it is that f (x, y) passes through window
The result of frequency domain is corresponded to after mouth Fourier transformation.G (x, y) is window function, takes Gaussian functionσxAnd σyFor the standard deviation of Gaussian Profile, its value decides the size of Gauss window.
Wherein (fx0,fy0) be to make | Sf (x, y, ξ, η) | (ξ, the η) of maximum is taken, while is also each in interference fringe picture
The laterally and longitudinally fringe frequency of point.
Therefore fringe frequency fx0And fy0Extracting method can be expressed as：First have to exist the fringe frequency (ξ, η) of bar graph
Uniform discrete in its span, then these values are brought into respectively | Sf (x, y, ξ, η) |, wherein can make | Sf (x, y, ξ, η)
| take the point (f of maximumx0,fy0) be formula (11) solution, that is, fringe frequency.
The calculating of 3 deformation of body phases
Interference fringe picture can be typically expressed as：
Wherein a (x, y, t) is background light intensity, and b (x, y, t) is the amplitude of bar graph,Believe for the phase of bar graph
Breath.Function I (x, y, t) is done into Taylor series expansion in point (x0, y0), takes first approximation to obtain：
It is constant to be generally considered that a and b.According to the hypothesis of light stream field theory and (1)-(5) formula, the basic equation of optical flow field
(5) it is represented by
I.e.
WhereinFor point (x0,y0) knots modification of phase within the Δ t times.Due to Wherein fx0And fy0Represent point (x0,y0) place horizontal and vertical fringe frequency.Therefore formula (15) again may be used
It is written as
Abbreviation formula (16) can obtain
The optical flow field motion vector u and v and formula (11) that will be obtained according to formula (8) and formula (9) using the method for iteration
The obtained horizontal and vertical frequency f of stripedx0And fy0The variable quantity of phase of interference fringe picture can be tried to achieve by bringing formula (17) into
This patent is based on light stream field theory, it is proposed that a kind of new side that deformation of body phase is demodulated by two spoke print images
Method.The light stream vector field between two frame consecutive images is obtained according to light stream field theory first, then with initial in binary image
The fringe frequency of image is calculated to obtain the whole field deformation phase distribution of object with the vector field.The present invention gives light stream
Field phase computational methods, are simulated and experimental verification to it.Analog result and test result indicates that, the algorithm can will be straight
The extraction of the motion vector field and deformation phase of sight connects, and can demodulate deformation of body phase information, it is not necessary to phase
Envelope computing is solved, process is simple and convenient, and more accurate in the deformation phase information of the more intensive place's extraction of striped.This method is meter
Calculate object whole field deformation phase distribution and dynamic measurement provides new approach.
4 simulations and experimental result and analysis
4.1 analog results and analysis
According to formula (10), using the width interference fringe picture of Matlab Software Creates one as original image, size 256*
256 pixels, as shown in figure 1, wherein a=0, b=1, phase distribution are
According to sampling thheorem, the maximum fringe frequency that piece image can express is no more than 0.5, therefore frequency (ξ, η) is equal
The range set of even discretization is [- 0.5,0.5], and the sampling interval takes Δ f=0.01.The σ of integration windowxAnd σyTake 10 pictures
Plain size.Extracting the fringe frequency (f of simulation drawingx0,fy0) after, then bar graph is separately added intoStationary phase
Position andDeformation phase.Why selection deformation phase size forIt is because when two width
When the deformation phase value that certain in image is put is more than π, the jumping phenomenon of black and white strip occurs in the point, so as to cause estimated fortune
The value of dynamic vector u, v and last required phase is zero.Therefore the span for the deformation phase that can be measured in this method is
[0,π].When deformation phaseWhen, its scope changed is about (0, π/3), and the condition limitation for meeting this method will
Ask.Additive phaseResulting bar graph is respectively shown in Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) afterwards.
Carry out the measurement of sports ground between two width figures, light to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b) respectively with light stream field theory
Flow field iterations is 1000 times, wherein Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (a), that is, addition of phaseThe x directions light stream estimated afterwards
Sports ground sectional view at y=127 is as shown in Figure 3.The time variation amount Δ t=1 between two images is made, finally according to formula
(17) additional phase is obtained, that is, deforms phase information, its theoretical and simulation normalization Comparative result such as Fig. 4, Fig. 5 (a), figure
Shown in 5 (b).
By Fig. 1, Fig. 2 (a) and Fig. 2 (b), it can be seen that, the center of all interference fringe pictures is a larger round spot,
And more sparse closer to core striped, its fringe frequency is also lower.Due in the more intensive place's motion vector of striped more
It is small, therefore the size of estimated light stream sports ground should be from center to both sides monotone decreasing between the two images.But just
As shown in figure 3, the optical flow field that this algorithm is estimated in fringe frequency lower can produce larger error, especially at round spot center
Place estimation sports ground be 0, so the sports ground estimated between point a1 (x=80) and a2 (x=176) have it is larger
Rise and fall, and in x<80 and x>The sports ground estimated at 176 is more accurate.Due to the presence of above-mentioned error, therefore in two simulation drawings
Center the depression of one " hole " equally occurs, as shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 (b) in analog result.Through data analysis, a1 and a2
Fringe frequency absolute value corresponding to place is 0.3, i.e., the light stream sports ground estimated when the absolute value of fringe frequency is more than 0.3
It is ideal.Fringe frequency absolute value, which is more than the phase extracted at 0.3, in Fig. 4 tends to a plane, i.e. additional phaseFor a constant, this is consistent with theoretical value.Meanwhile it is more than according to Fig. 5 (a) and Fig. 5 (b) in fringe frequency absolute value
Theory at 0.3 is with analog result contrast as can be seen that the phase of this method extraction is accurate.
4.2 Data Processing in Experiment results and analysis
Interference fringe is obtained using Michelson interference, initial pictures are gathered by CCD, image size is 512 × 512 pictures
Element, as shown in Fig. 6 (a).The stationary phase of π/7, bar graph such as Fig. 6 (b) institutes of acquisition are added to interference fringe picture with phase-shifter
Show.Δ t=1 is taken, obtained experimental result is as shown in Figure 7.
It will be seen in fig. 7 that due to moving height one between each pixel can not be kept between the image among experiment
Cause and have the interference of noise factor, it is larger in the motion field error of the sparse place's estimation of striped, therefore can go out on the periphery of concavity
Existing larger fluctuating, and tended to be steady in the data measured by region of the fringe frequency absolute value more than 0.3, that is, the phase added
Tend to a constant, therefore the result shows that this algorithm is feasible.It can prove that this method is got in striped by simulation and experimental result
The phase that intensive place obtains is more accurate, overcomes the defects of closeer error of striped is bigger in existing phase demodulating method completely.
In addition, if the image of processing is the image of several width consecutive variations, only the time variation amount Δ t between every two field pictures need to be made to take two
Time interval between two field picture can complete the dynamic quantitative extraction of interference fringe picture phase difference.
5 conclusions
This patent proposes a kind of algorithm of phase difference between demodulation binary image based on light stream field theory, this method root
The sports ground between two images is obtained according to the Horn-Schunck algorithms in light stream field theory, is calculated by window Fourier transform
Method extracts initial pictures fringe frequency and calculated with sports ground, and then solves the change of phase between two images
Amount.This method need to only complete the extraction of deformation phase among spatial domain with two width bar graph cans, eliminate and be transformed into
Frequency domain and Phase unwrapping operation, process simply, conveniently, are adapted to hologram fringe deformation field, electronic speckle fringe field.Simulation
Show that the algorithm calculating stationary phase and excursion is feasible in the calculating of the deformation phase of [0, π] with the result of experiment
, and it is more accurate in the phase information of the more intensive extracted region of striped.As long as in addition, learn two field pictures in the video sequence
Between time interval can complete the interference of light dynamic measurement deformation phase extraction.This method provides for interference of light dynamic measurement
New approach.
Although above-mentioned the embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to accompanying drawing, model not is protected to the present invention
The limitation enclosed, one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that on the basis of technical scheme those skilled in the art are not
Need to pay various modifications or deformation that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the method for deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
Step 1：According to the basic assumption of light stream field theory, two component u of the motion vector between two frame consecutive images are obtained
And v；
Step 2：The horizontal frequency f of the first two field picture striped is extracted by window Fourier transform methodx0With longitudinal frequency fy0；
Step 3：Two component u and v of the motion vector obtained using the step 1 and the step 2 obtain the horizontal stroke of striped
To frequency fx0With longitudinal frequency fy0The knots modification of phase is calculated；
The specific method of the step 3 is：By two components u and v of motion vector, the horizontal frequency f of stripedx0With longitudinal frequency
Rate fy0Bring formula into For point (x0, y0) change of phase within the Δ t times
Amount, try to achieve the phase change amount of two frame consecutive images.
2. the method for deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step 1
Specific method be：Formula：
un+1=un-Ix[(Ixun+Iyvn+It)]/(α2+Ix 2+Iy 2) and
vn+1=vn-Iy[(Ixun+Iyvn+It)]/(α2+Ix 2+Iy 2) iteration obtains,
Wherein,Ix、IyAnd ItRespectively image I is for x, y, t partial derivative, I be t pixel (x,
Y) place's gray value, un+1And vn+1For two components u and v of resulting motion vector after every (n+1)th iteration of image
Value, unAnd vnFor two components u and v of resulting motion vector after every nth iteration of image value, α is smooth
Parameter.
3. the method for deformation of body phase measurement is carried out using optical flow field as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step 2
Result by formulaTry to achieve, (fx0,fy0) be to make | SI (x, y, ξ, η) | take maximum
(ξ, the η) of value, wherein,(ξ, η) is space a bit (x, y)
Corresponding frequency domain coordinates, the two dimensional image that I (x, y) inputs for a width, SI (μ, v；ξ, η) it is that I (x, y) becomes by window Fourier
The result of frequency domain is corresponded to after changing, g (x, y) is window function, takes Gaussian functionσxAnd σy
For the standard deviation of Gaussian Profile, its value decides the size of Gauss window.
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| CN105890540B (en) * | 2016-04-08 | 2018-07-10 | 山东师范大学 | Based on the relevant object surface deformation Method for Phase Difference Measurement of digital picture |
| CN107704854A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2018-02-16 | 苏州轩明视测控科技有限公司 | A kind of detection method of the print character defect based on optical flow field |
| CN109506592A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-22 | 山东师范大学 | Object dimensional surface shape measurement method and device based on striped light stream |
| CN110160459B (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2021-02-23 | 山东师范大学 | Method for extracting speckle interference fringe pattern deformation phase based on improved optical flow field theory |
| CN110360954B (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2021-05-04 | 山东师范大学 | Surface shape measuring method and system based on space coordinate calculation |
| CN111866432B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-03-29 | 成都东方盛行电子有限责任公司 | Non-frame-coding rate conversion method in field mode |
| CN111912356A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-11-10 | 山东师范大学 | Method and device for measuring three-dimensional surface shape of object based on L-K local optical flow |
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