CN104977390B - Real human body breathing simulation device and method - Google Patents
Real human body breathing simulation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104977390B CN104977390B CN201510395954.1A CN201510395954A CN104977390B CN 104977390 B CN104977390 B CN 104977390B CN 201510395954 A CN201510395954 A CN 201510395954A CN 104977390 B CN104977390 B CN 104977390B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a real human body breathing simulation device and method. The device comprises an exhaling pump, an inhaling pump and a heater system; a main body of the exhaling pump is a sealed gas cylinder, the interior of the gas cylinder is provided with a sealed piston, and the piston is connected with a rack through a bolt; a stepping motor outside the gas cylinder is in cooperative connection with the rack through a gear; a DSP controller is connected with a driver through a control line, and the driver is connected with the motor through a driving guide line; the other side of the gas cylinder is provided with two vent holes, and vent pipes of the two vent holes are connected with the gas cylinder through one-way valves respectively; the exhaling pump has the same structure as the inhaling pump while the tail end part of one vent pipe of the exhaling pump is provided with a heating element; a power supply is connected with the heating element by a time relay. Experimental errors brought by a conventional human body breathing device are overcome. The real response degree of experiment working conditions on real working conditions is improved, a pollution exposure level and a spreading rule of a human body breathing zone can be accurately reflected, and an important role is played for improving the building indoor air quality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to study the important simulation that architecture indoor man body pollution thing exposure level and aspiration contamination thing are propagated
Device and method, belongs to IAQ and dispersion of pollutants field.
Background technology
The time of modern about 90% is all spent in architecture indoor, and good indoor environment can make one to feel that energy fills
It is abundant, healthy, high working efficiency.But most in the last thirty years, in the world many country's IAQs there is a problem,
Many people's complaint air qualities are inferior.Room air pollution can cause following three kinds of diseases：Cure of Sick Building Syndrome and building
Relevant disease, various chemical pollutant allergy.Additionally, inferior IAQ can also cause asthma even cancer.
Compared with developed countries, China's indoor air quality issues are even more serious and originate very wide.Its origin and feature：
(1) use of a large amount of building and ornament materials, distributes various chemical pollutants, such as formaldehyde, stupid organic volatile；(2) it is outdoor empty
Gas is seriously polluted, and research shows that indoor pollutant and outdoor pollutant have positive correlation, and I/O ratios are close to 1, even greater than 1；
(3) air borne of infectious disease, in recent years communicable disease take place frequently, such as SARS in 2003, H1NI in 2009；(4) China is current
It is maximum in the world tobacco leaf production and country of consumption, corresponding air pollution is produced therewith.
To build good IAQ environment, various possible pollutions are tackled, carry out indoor environmental pollution thing propagation
Experimental study be requisite.The main body of indoor environment is people, and one side human body is the acceptor of dispersion of pollutants, the opposing party
Dough figurine body is also likely to be pollution sources；Impact can be produced on Indoor Flow Field and pollution spread, additionally, due to human-body radiating so real
Test the indispensable human body of process.But from for safe and healthy angle, it is infeasible that real human body carries out experiment, therefore need
Develop a kind of breathing equipment that can simulate real human body respiratory function.The dummy model mostly function that at present foreign countries use is more
Complexity, and due to cost it is very high, the powerless purchase of general academic institution.
Many research aspiration contaminations domestic at present are propagated and have ignored human body respiration feature mostly, and such as domestic scholars research is in disease
In room during the pollutant distribution of different gestures and different breathing patterns, the feature of human body respiration is have ignored, it is simple with one
Device replaces human body respiration process [1]；In addition personnel's aspiration contamination thing propagation law is also adopted in domestic scholars research aircraft passenger cabin
With same easy device [2].This device is a spherical source of release, and rate of release is constant and very little, equably to
Surrounding discharges pollutant.Its major defect：1) transient behavior of human body respiration process is ignored, while also have ignored the side of breathing jet
Tropism 2) do not embody the process of human body air-breathing.It is domestic at present basic seldom using simulation real human body respiratory breathing dress
Put, it is micro- in human body when foreign scholar [3] points out to study dispersion of pollutants using constant breathing border by CFD sunykatuib analyses
The larger error of meeting producing ratio in environment, therefore be highly desirable to develop a kind of device that can imitate human normal respiratory, especially
It is under the serious situation of Current air pollution.
Bibliography：
[1]Yin Y,Gupta JK,Zhang X,Liu J,Chen Q.Distributions of respiratory
contaminants from a patient with different postures and exhaling modes in a
single-bed inpatient room.Building and environment.2011；46:75-81.
[2]Li F,Liu J,Pei J,Lin CH,Chen Q.Experimental study of gaseous and
particulate contaminants distribution in an aircraft cabin.Atmospheric
Environment.2014；85:223–33.
[3]Villafruela JM,Olmedo I,Ruiz de Adana M,Méndez C,Nielsen PV.CFD
analysis of the human exhalation flow using different boundary conditions and
ventilation strategies.Building and Environment.2013；62:191-200.
The content of the invention
It is contemplated that a kind of breathing equipment and method that can simulate real human body respiratory of exploitation, for studying building
Indoor human body pollutant exposure level, and the propagation of human body respiration pollutant etc..
For achieving the above object, the present invention takes technical scheme below：
A kind of breathing equipment that can simulate real human body respiratory；Including expiration pump, asepwirator pump and heater system；Inhale
The main body of air pump is the cylinder of a sealing, and cylinder interior fills Packed piston, and piston is bolted with tooth bar；Cylinder
Outside stepper motor is connected by wheel and rack；Dsp controller connects driver, driver and motor by control line
By driving wire connection；The breather pipe that the opposite side of cylinder has two passages, two passages is connected respectively by check valve
Connect cylinder；Expiration pump is identical with air-breathing pump configuration, simply heating element heater is being housed in breather pipe distal portion, and power supply passes through the time
Relay is connected with heating element heater.
Using the method for the unit simulation real human body breathing of the present invention, artificial lung is simulated using closed cylinder, piston
Move back and forth simulation respiratory.
Stepper motor rotating rule is controlled using dsp controller, stepper motor is carried with being combined into piston by gear and tooth bar
For power, and ensure that piston movement rule is SIN function.
Cylinder passage is flowed to by check valve control, and bleed hole is used to control search gas introducing, and venthole is connected to nose
Hole；The bleed hole of asepwirator pump is connected to nostril, and venthole is connected to gas analyzer, for analyzing gas composition.
Its working hour is controlled by the time relay using heater, expiration gas are heated, 34 DEG C of temperature on average is kept.
Motor movement rule in the programme-control expiration pump compiled and edit by computer and asepwirator pump, synchronous averaging, all the time
Keep rotation direction contrary；Heater is controlled by line lock device synchronous with expiration pump operation time.
It is described as follows：
(1) for the Respiratory behavior of more actual response human body, it is first determined the feature such as real human body Respiratory flow, pass through
Investigation document, American scholar measurement human body respiration process flow meets sinusoidal variations rule with the time；Human body in environment indoors
Exhaled gas temperature is at 32-36 DEG C.According to the situation of investigation, Chinese visible human crowd's young-normal sample is selected to be designed, root
According to the respiratory capacity (0.46L/ time) for selecting sample to determine single breath process, respiratory rate (15 times/min).
(2) human lung's function is imitated using the cylinder of sealing., built with piston, piston is by external motor belt motor for cylinder
It is dynamic, move back and forth according to certain rule, two processes of simulated respiration；Two blow vents of installation on the cylinder of sealing, two
Passage is connected respectively with check valve.Two check valves control the airflow direction of two passages, respectively as air admission hole and row
Pore, when reciprocating motion of the pistons is that only one of which check valve keeps it turned on, another is remained off.Select stepping electricity
Machine, by DSP card control drivers, is controlled using subdivision mode to motor.
(3) two plastic tubes are connected respectively with two check valves, wherein one (being connected with steam vent) is connected to dummy
Breathing end, another is identical with environment, and this complete equipment is used as expiration pump；Identical other set equipment, as air-breathing
Pump, wherein one (being connected with air admission hole) is connected to the breathing end of dummy, another is connected in environment.In the row of expiration pump
In air pipe, in the pipeline section mutually closed on human body respiration end, heating element heater is equipped with, is controlled during work by the time relay
Between adjust heating amount.
(4) after complete equipment assembling is finished, by volume flowmeter demarcate breathing equipment flow and piston stroke it
Between relation, by the time cycle characteristic of hot-wire anemometer caliberating device, initially with the hot line of speed sampling very high frequency
Anemobiagraph is measured to the muzzle velocity change curve of device, and the peak value stream of device is then obtained using volume flow controllers
Amount, then integration calculate device flow, so as to further obtain the relation between piston stroke and flow.
(5) according to relational expression obtained in the previous step set piston stroke, compile and edit motor movement program, meet respiratory rate with
And the requirement of piston stroke.The operating characteristic of measurement expiration pump and asepwirator pump, reaches and meets the requirement of design conditions down-off.
(6) according to respiratory flow, design expired gas temperature and ambient air temperature, heating element heater is controlled, then further
Whether the gas temperature of measurement expiration pump conveying meets requirement.
In device assembling and after demarcating, the work schedule of reasonable arrangement expiration pump, asepwirator pump and heater.
Expiration pump work first completes exhalation process, while heater guarantee of work expired gas temperature reaches 34 DEG C of the temperature of real human body.
Then air-breathing pump work, completes air-breathing and works, and now heater, breathing air pump inoperative.So circulate, complete to simulate true people
Body respiratory.
Due to taking above technical scheme, it has advantages below to the present invention：
This complete equipment can simulate real human body breathing characteristic, can meet the respiratory rate of real human body, and respiratory flow
Meet sinusoidal rule, can so replace the mode of original constant flow, human body respiration process is more really reacted, so as to true
Real reaction human body suction air event, reacts the pollutant exposure level in human body respiration area；In addition also can be more real anti-
Answer human body respiration dispersion of pollutants rule.
Generally, by this method, the experimental error brought using original human body respiration device is overcome.Improve
Actual response degree of the experiment condition to real working condition, can accurately react human body respiration area Pollution exposure level, and human body
The propagation law of aspiration contamination thing, is to solve the problems, such as architecture indoor dispersion of pollutants, improves architecture indoor air quality and plays weight
Act on.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention；
Fig. 2 muzzle velocity measurement results；
Fig. 3 outlet temperature measurements；
Fig. 4 invention flow charts.
Specific embodiment
In order to more specifically describe the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail.As shown in figure 1,
Device, wherein two complete equipment principles construction is essentially identical, is simply furnished with heating by pump is exhaled and asepwirator pump is constituted in expiration pump
Section, can so control the temperature exhaled.The main body of asepwirator pump is the cylinder of a sealing, and cylinder interior fills Packed work
Plug, piston is bolted with tooth bar；Stepper motor is connected by wheel and rack on the outside of cylinder；Dsp controller leads to
Control line connection driver is crossed, driver is connected with motor by driving wire；The opposite side of cylinder has two passages, two
The breather pipe of passage connects cylinder by check valve respectively；Expiration pump is identical with air-breathing pump configuration, simply at breather pipe end
End position is equipped with heating element heater, and power supply is connected by the time relay with heating element heater.
The functional realiey of expiration pump
The cylinder of sealing, inside there is piston, and piston is fixedly connected with tooth bar, and tooth bar is coordinated with motor by gear；Sealing
Cylinder opposite side is provided with two passages, and passage has connection check valve, so as to form two pipelines of A/B, by check valve
It is air inlet pipeline to control A pipelines, and B pipelines are gas exhaust piping.B pipelines are connected to human body nostril, play a part of expiration, while
Part near nostril is equipped with heating element heater.
1. the function mode of motor.Motor selects stepper motor, is furnished with original-pack driver, selects the control of DSP development boards
Driver, and then controlled motor motion.The motor rotating forward time is equal with reversing time, is also equal with design expiratory duration.It is living
Plug keeps sinusoidal motion under the drive of motor.
2. effect of the check valve to passage.When motor is rotated forward, piston is followed and moved out, the check valve in pipeline A
Open, the check valve closure in pipeline B, now cylinder passes through pipeline A air inlets；When motor reversal, piston follows inwardly motion,
Check valve in pipeline B is opened, the check valve closure in pipeline A, and now cylinder is vented by pipeline B.
3. the temperature of exhalation vents.According to the breathing temperature of setting, power adjustable microheater is selected.Using high frequency heat
Galvanic couple (20Hz) gathers the relation P=k (t-t of heating power and outlet temperaturea).As Fig. 3 illustrates outlet temperature in a week
Change in phase, in exhalation process outlet mean temperature 34 DEG C can be reached.
The functional realiey of asepwirator pump
The cylinder of sealing, inside there is piston, and piston is fixedly connected with tooth bar, and tooth bar is coordinated with motor by gear；Sealing
Cylinder opposite side is provided with two passages, and passage has connection check valve, so as to form two pipelines of C/D, by check valve
It is air inlet pipeline to control C pipelines, and D pipelines are gas exhaust piping.C pipelines are connected to human body nostril, play a part of air-breathing.
1. the function mode of motor.Motor selects stepper motor, is furnished with original-pack driver, selects the control of DSP development boards
Driver, and then controlled motor motion.The motor rotating forward time is equal with reversing time, is also equal with design inspiratory duration.It is living
Plug keeps sinusoidal motion under the drive of motor.
2. effect of the check valve to passage.When motor is rotated forward, piston is followed and moved inwards, the check valve in pipeline D
Open, the check valve closure in pipeline C, now cylinder passes through pipeline D outlets；When motor reversal, piston is followed and moved out,
Check valve in pipeline C is opened, the check valve closure in pipeline D, and now cylinder passes through pipeline C air-breathings.
Device flow and the demarcation in cycle.
Because the flow of device outlet is the relation of transition with the time, therefore it can not be flowed by constant flowmeter
Amount is demarcated, and carries out the demarcation of device using the demarcation of speed and maximum stream flow herein.Initially with speed sampling very high frequency
Hot-wire anemometer (sample frequency is maximum up to 100kHz) is measured to the muzzle velocity change curve of device, as shown in Fig. 2
Muzzle velocity fitting function is SIN function (y=3.97sin (1.57t)), and variance is 0.97, and degree of fitting is very high.Then adopt
With volume flow controllers obtain device peak flow, then integration calculate device flow, so as to further obtain piston
Relation Q=π dL between stroke and flow (d is diameter, and L is piston stroke).
So complete the design of whole expiration pump and air-breathing pump portion.Pipeline B and C simulate human body respiration process.Wherein
Pipeline A/D is also acted on the presence of it.Pipeline A can be used as the intake of search gas；Pipeline D can be used as the inspection of suction air
Survey.
In order to realize real human body breathing simulation, the function of how realizing device is described below, it is first determined real human body
Respiratory capacity, respiratory rate.Herein with Chinese adult average level as standard, select as the respiratory capacity of single breath process
(0.46L/ time), respiratory rate (15 times/min) sets 34 DEG C of expired gas temperature.Fig. 4 illustrates the control figure of device.According to expiration
Frequency can determine the respiratory cycle, and respiratory capacity obtains piston stroke, is programmed by computer CCStudio v3.3 softwares, lead to
The characteristics of motion of dsp controller controlled motor is crossed, output rotating rule is 120sin (1.57t) r/min, rotates forward 2s, inverts 2s,
Expiration pump and asepwirator pump direction of motor rotation keep contrary. the time relay cycle is concurrently set for 2s, control exhalation process electricity
Source is opened, breathing process power-off, and heater operation setup heater power is 5W.Breathed by line lock switch control rule
Pump, asepwirator pump, the time relay are synchronously opened.So expiration pump completes exhalation process, and heating is opened simultaneously, heats expiratory air
Body.After expiration terminates, the time relay is closed, and heater stops heating, and asepwirator pump starts air-breathing, completes breathing process.So
Complete a respiratory.Then the process is repeated.In this process expiration pump A is from trace gas source bleed, the D of asepwirator pump
It is transported to gas analyzer and can be used for pollutant monitoring etc..
A kind of simulation real human body breathing equipment for disclosing and proposing of the invention and method, those skilled in the art can pass through
Present disclosure is used for reference, the appropriate links such as structure route that change are realized, although the method for the present invention and technology of preparing are by preferable
Examples of implementation are described, and person skilled substantially can be in without departing from present invention, spirit and scope to this paper institutes
The methods and techniques route stated is modified or reconfigures to realize final technology of preparing.Specifically, institute
There is similar replacement and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they are considered as being included in the present invention
In spirit, scope and content.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of breathing equipment that can simulate real human body respiratory；It is characterized in that including expiration pump, asepwirator pump and heater；
The main body of asepwirator pump is the cylinder of a sealing, and cylinder interior fills Packed piston, and piston is bolted with tooth bar；Gas
Stepper motor is connected by wheel and rack on the outside of cylinder；Dsp controller connects driver, driver and electricity by control line
Machine is by driving wire connection；The breather pipe that the opposite side of cylinder has two passages, two passages passes through respectively check valve
Connection cylinder；Expiration pump is identical with air-breathing pump configuration, is simply exhaling air pump ventilation tube distal portion equipped with heater, and power supply passes through
The time relay is connected with heater.
2. the method for being breathed using the unit simulation real human body of claim 1, is characterized in that closed cylinder simulates artificial lung, living
The reciprocating motion simulation respiratory of plug.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that dsp controller controls stepper motor rotating rule, and stepper motor leads to
Cross gear and tooth bar and provide power with piston is combined into, and ensure that piston movement rule is SIN function.
4. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that heater controls its working hour by the time relay, and heating is exhaled
Gas gas, keeps 34 DEG C of temperature on average.
5. the motor fortune in method as claimed in claim 2, the programme-control expiration pump compiled and edit by computer and asepwirator pump
Dynamic rule, synchronous averaging remains that rotation direction is contrary；Heater and expiration pump operation time are controlled by line lock device
It is synchronous.
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| CN105894933B (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-02-19 | 镇江市第四人民医院 | A kind of multifunctional air current cabin for simulating human respiratory |
| CN106023756B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2018-08-03 | 天津大学 | A kind of device of simulation real human body cough |
| CN108133653B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2020-01-03 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Human lung gas exchange simulation method and device |
| CN110058054A (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-26 | 张晨光 | A kind of calibrating installation and method of respiration measurement equipment |
| WO2020047763A1 (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2020-03-12 | 天津天堰科技股份有限公司 | Breathing simulator, medical human body simulator and method for simulating breathing scenario |
| CN109100168B (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2023-12-05 | 抚顺抚运安仪救生装备有限公司 | Test vehicle for flame-resistant phagocytosis test of air respirator |
| CN109091147B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-06-08 | 赖飞 | A breath simulator for cardiopulmonary exercise function test |
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| CN110514384B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2023-11-24 | 苏州新劢德医疗器械科技有限公司 | Test method and equipment for improving in-vivo and in-vitro correlation of inhalation preparation |
| CN110975950B (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2022-01-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Micro-fluidic alveolus chip and alveolus respiration simulation device |
| CN110811577B (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2022-08-09 | 长春大学 | Human respiratory system's analogue means |
| CN111595609A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-08-28 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Respiratory rhythm generating device, detection system with same and detection method |
| CN112835386A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-25 | 中南大学 | Controllable bionical gaseous flow control device of aerosol concentration |
| CN113920838B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-10-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Electronic active simulation lung |
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| US6874501B1 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2005-04-05 | Robert H. Estetter | Lung simulator |
| CN201055619Y (en) * | 2007-06-07 | 2008-05-07 | 中钢集团武汉安全环保研究院 | Respiration simulator |
| CN201181540Y (en) * | 2007-12-01 | 2009-01-14 | 陈新权 | Simulation lung apparatus |
| DE102009030819A1 (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-01-05 | Msa Auer Gmbh | Artificial lung |
| CN103048155B (en) * | 2012-12-25 | 2015-05-13 | 重庆华渝电气仪表总厂 | Comprehensive performance detection system of breathing apparatus |
| CN203480750U (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2014-03-12 | 中山大学 | Device for simulating spontaneous respiratory movement of human lung |
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