CN104931963B - A kind of method that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging - Google Patents
A kind of method that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging Download PDFInfo
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- CN104931963B CN104931963B CN201510312017.5A CN201510312017A CN104931963B CN 104931963 B CN104931963 B CN 104931963B CN 201510312017 A CN201510312017 A CN 201510312017A CN 104931963 B CN104931963 B CN 104931963B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging, radar angular resolution and antenna are determined the distance between to imaging plane, and are thus calculated and obtained azimuth resolution of the radar at imaging plane；The azimuth resolution obtained according to calculating, and the movement velocity of combining target, the maximum time slice length allowed is calculated by criterion to ensure that moving target is not walked about across resolution cell；Random radiation field matrix obtained by target scattering echo in the maximum time slice length and calculation is associated processing, inverting and the target image for reconstructing region to be measured, realizes that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging.Image blur of the moving target caused by resolution cell is walked about during staring imaging overlong time can be solved the problems, such as by this method, so as to realize that the microwave of moving-target stares relevance imaging.
Description
Technical field
The side of relevance imaging is stared the present invention relates to motive target imaging technical field, more particularly to a kind of moving-target microwave
Method.
Background technology
At present, the imaging radar for moving target mainly has real aperture imaging radar and inverse synthetic aperture imaging radar
(Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar, ISAR).Real aperture imaging radar mainly include simple beam scanning radar,
Phased-array radar and focal plane radar etc., the imaging resolution cell of real aperture radar are the irradiation areas of antenna beam, and it is imaged
Resolution ratio depends on antenna aperature, and to improve resolution ratio must just increase the horizontal aperture of antenna, cause array scale excessive, be
Cost consumption of uniting is expensive.Based on relative motion of the ISAR imagings between target and radar, using distance-Doppler technology as core
The heart, virtual aperture is formed by the relative motion between target and radar, and point of high orientation is obtained by the virtual aperture
Resolution.I.e. in imaging process, if corner is larger, the azimuth resolution of ISAR radars is higher, and if corner is smaller,
Then the azimuth resolution of ISAR radars is relatively low, thus under staring imaging scene, the directional resolution of ISAR images is difficult to protect
Card.
Because microwave stares relevance imaging method independent of the relative motion between target and radar, by this method application
In motive target imaging, Rayleigh criterion can be broken through under staring imaging scene, obtain surmounting real aperture radar antenna aperture and spread out
The high-resolution of emitter-base bandgap grading limit, but if within the staring imaging time, it is single that target moves to next imaging by current imaging unit
Member, it will cause image blur, or even imaging errors.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging, it can be solved by this method
Image blur problem of the moving target caused by resolution cell is walked about during staring imaging overlong time, so as to realize moving-target
Microwave stares relevance imaging.
A kind of method that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging, methods described includes：
Radar angular resolution and antenna are determined the distance between to imaging plane, and thus calculates and obtains radar in imaging
Azimuth resolution at plane；
According to the obtained azimuth resolution of calculating, and the movement velocity of combining target, with ensure moving target not across
Resolution cell is walked about the maximum time slice length for being calculated and being allowed by criterion；
Random radiation field matrix obtained by target scattering echo in the maximum time slice length and calculation is carried out
Association process, inverting and the target image for reconstructing region to be measured, realize that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging.
As seen from the above technical solution provided by the invention, staring imaging overlong time can be solved by this method
When moving target walked about across resolution cell caused image blur problem, be associated to so as to realize that the microwave of moving-target is stared
Picture.
Brief description of the drawings
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, being used required in being described below to embodiment
Accompanying drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, for this
For the those of ordinary skill in field, on the premise of not paying creative work, other can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings
Accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 provides the method flow diagram that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging by the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the image scene schematic diagram of example of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the sparse staring imaging scene of example of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the Scattering data result of the sparse image scene of example of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the non-sparse staring imaging scene of example of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the Scattering data result of the non-sparse image scene of example of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Ground is described, it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this
The embodiment of invention, the every other implementation that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
Example, belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention carries out slicing treatment to the staring imaging time, to ensure the moving target in single isochronous surface
Do not walked about across resolution cell.The embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, is as shown in Figure 1
The embodiment of the present invention provides the method flow diagram that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging, and methods described includes：
Step 11：Radar angular resolution and antenna are determined the distance between to imaging plane, and thus calculates and obtains thunder
Up to the azimuth resolution at imaging plane；
In this step, if radar angular resolution is θ, the distance between antenna to imaging plane is R, then radar into
Azimuth resolution ρ=R θ at image plane.
Step 12：The azimuth resolution obtained according to calculating, and the movement velocity of combining target, to ensure moving target
Do not walked about the maximum time slice length that is calculated and allowed by criterion across resolution cell；
In this step, if target speed is v, the maximum time slice length allowed
In addition, after systematic parameter determination, the angular resolution of radar is changeless, such azimuth resolution
ρ changes with the distance between antenna to imaging plane so that stared in moving-target microwave in relevance imaging, maximum time cuts
Leaf length changes with target to distance between radar；When target moves closer to radar, the maximum time section length allowed
Degree is gradually reduced.
Step 13：By the random radiation square obtained by the target scattering echo in the maximum time slice length and calculation
Battle array is associated processing, inverting and the target image for reconstructing region to be measured, realizes that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging.
In the specific implementation, according to the difference of staring imaging scene, using different algorithms to target scattering echo and calculation
The random radiation field matrix of gained is associated processing, and inverting obtains pre-filter method result in staring imaging region, specific next
Say：
If the goal satisfaction sparse distribution characteristic in staring imaging scene, target scattering is returned using sparse restructing algorithm
Random radiation field matrix obtained by ripple and calculation is associated processing；
If the target in staring imaging scene is unsatisfactory for sparse distribution characteristic, target scattering is returned using regularization method
Random radiation field matrix obtained by ripple and calculation is associated processing.
The method that above-mentioned moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging is described in detail with specific example below：
First, radar angular resolution θ is determined, the distance between antenna to imaging plane R is calculated by formula ρ=R θ
To azimuth resolution ρ of the radar at imaging plane；
Then, to ensure that moving target is not walked about as criterion across resolution cell, from radar bearing to resolution ratio ρ and target
Motion v calculates allowed maximum time slice length tmax, here
Again by the target scattering echo u in isochronous surfacerPlace is associated with the random radiation field matrix Ψ obtained by calculation
Reason, inverting and the target image for reconstructing region to be measured, realize that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging.
Here, suppose that the coverage in mouth face is S ', any point on bore face is takenRadiation of this in t
Signal form isReceiver space position isScattered field isStaring imaging
Region is on S, imaging regionThe backscattering coefficient at place isThen the expression formula of space-time bidimensional random radiation is：
Scatter echo is represented by：
P mesh point is divided into by imaging region is discrete according to the azimuth resolution ρ on the imaging plane obtained by calculating,
Assuming that the target scattering echo in isochronous surface is sampled as Q, then the matrix form for obtaining scatter echo is：
That is b=Ψ σ+e
Wherein, e=[e1,e2,…,eQ]TFor noise signal.
Further, according to the difference of staring imaging scene, using different algorithms to target scattering echo and calculation institute
The random radiation field matrix obtained is associated processing, and inverting obtains pre-filter method result in staring imaging region.
Specifically, when the goal satisfaction sparse distribution characteristic in staring imaging scene, compressive sensing theory is used for reference, is led to
Cross sparse restructing algorithm and processing, the problem of solving are associated to target scattering echo and calculation gained random radiation field matrix
For following optimization problem：
Wherein, ε represents the error permissible value related to noise level, | | σ | |0σ 0 norm is sought in expression, as asks non-in σ
The number of neutral element, | | | |2Represent 2 norms.
When the target in staring imaging scene is unsatisfactory for sparse distribution characteristic, then using regularization method to target scattering
Random radiation field matrix obtained by echo and calculation is associated processing, and the problem of solving is following optimization problem：
Wherein, P (σ) is penalty, and γ ＞ 0 are regularization factors, for controlling residual error | | b- Ψ σ | |2With canonical
Relative weighting between item P (σ).
With reference to specific application scenarios, the principle of the present invention is made to retouch in detail by the drawings and specific embodiments
State, it is only typical sparse with two below because under different staring imaging scenes, selected association process method is different
Exemplified by scene and non-sparse scene, the embodiment of the present invention is provided, but the reality that the present invention should not be limited with this should
With and protection domain：
The image scene schematic diagram of example of the present invention is illustrated in figure 2, with reference to Fig. 2：Random radiation on bore face
Source is made up of 10 point sources, and the size in bore face uses ideal for each point emission source on 2m × 2m, and bore face
White Gaussian noise as transmission signal, single-geophone receiver machine is located at bore face center, and the angular resolution of radar is 0.01,
Imaging plane is to be located at and transmitter array and array acceptor vertical range z0It is flat for x-y in Fig. 2 in=100m plane
Face, then can calculate and obtain azimuth resolution of the radar at imaging plane for ρ=1m, as target speed v=50m/s
When, in order to ensure that moving target is not walked about across resolution cell, allowed maximum time slice length is can be calculated for tmax=
0.01s, is set in isochronous surface and is sampled as Q=500.
It is divided into two kinds of scenes below, under sparse staring imaging scene as shown in Figure 3, includes 10 strong scattering points, scattering
Coefficient is identical and is set as 1, and staring imaging area size is 40m × 40m, and staring imaging region is divided into 40 × 40 parts,
1600 discrete subregions are divided into, the size per sub-regions is 1m × 1m.Then use sparse restructing algorithm pair
Receive scattering sampled echo and the random radiation field matrix obtained by calculation be associated processing, obtain it is as shown in Figure 4 it is sparse into
The Scattering data result of image field scape.
Under non-sparse staring imaging scene as shown in Figure 5, the size of image scene is 30m × 30m, staring imaging region
30 × 30 parts are divided into, that is, is divided into 900 discrete subregions, the size per sub-regions is 1m × 1m.Using
The method of regularization is associated processing to receiving scattering sampled echo and the random radiation field matrix obtained by calculation, obtains such as figure
The Scattering data result of non-sparse image scene shown in 6.
In summary, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can solve to move mesh during staring imaging overlong time
Caused image blur problem of being walked about across resolution cell is marked, so as to realize that the microwave of moving-target stares relevance imaging.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention be not limited thereto,
Any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope of present disclosure, the change or replacement that can be readily occurred in,
It should all be included within the scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of claims
Enclose and be defined.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
Radar angular resolution and antenna are determined the distance between to imaging plane, and thus calculates and obtains radar in imaging plane
The azimuth resolution at place；Wherein, if radar angular resolution is θ, the distance between antenna to imaging plane is R, then radar
Azimuth resolution ρ=R θ at imaging plane；
The azimuth resolution obtained according to calculating, and the movement velocity of combining target, to ensure moving target not across resolution
Unit is walked about the maximum time slice length for being calculated and being allowed by criterion；Wherein, if target speed is v, allowed
Maximum time slice length
Random radiation field matrix obtained by target scattering echo in the maximum time slice length and calculation is associated
Processing, inverting and the target image for reconstructing region to be measured, realize that moving-target microwave stares relevance imaging.
2. moving-target microwave stares the method for relevance imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The azimuth resolution changes with the distance between antenna to imaging plane so that stare pass in moving-target microwave
It is unified into as in, maximum time slice length changes with target to distance between radar；
When target moves closer to radar, the maximum time slice length allowed is gradually reduced.
3. moving-target microwave stares the method for relevance imaging according to claim 1, it is characterised in that methods described is also wrapped
Include：
According to the difference of staring imaging scene, using different algorithms to the random radiation obtained by target scattering echo and calculation
Matrix is associated processing, and inverting obtains pre-filter method result in staring imaging region.
4. moving-target microwave stares the method for relevance imaging according to claim 3, it is characterised in that methods described is also wrapped
Include：
If the goal satisfaction sparse distribution characteristic in staring imaging scene, using sparse restructing algorithm to target scattering echo and
Random radiation field matrix obtained by calculation is associated processing；
If the target in staring imaging scene is unsatisfactory for sparse distribution characteristic, using regularization method to target scattering echo and
Random radiation field matrix obtained by calculation is associated processing.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107678028B (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2020-05-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Microwave staring correlated imaging method under low signal-to-noise ratio condition |
| CN108287369A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-07-17 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | A kind of isochronous surface acquisition methods and device based on three-dimensional Ground Penetrating Radar attribute volume |
| CN108387907B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2020-05-29 | 上海机电工程研究所 | System and method for simulating physical image of flash type laser radar echo signal |
| CN111257871B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-06-16 | 中国科学技术大学 | Single-antenna radiation source design method for microwave staring correlated imaging |
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| CN102141617A (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2011-08-03 | 中国科学技术大学 | Microwave staring imaging correlation method |
| CN103837873A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学技术大学 | Microwave and stare correlated imaging system and method based on floating platform and intensive array antennae |
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