CN104931676A - Lithological association structure-controlled oil and gas migration and accumulation physical simulation system and experimental method - Google Patents
Lithological association structure-controlled oil and gas migration and accumulation physical simulation system and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lithological association structure-controlled oil and gas migration and accumulation physical simulation system and experimental method. The simulation system comprises a simulation box, a pressure control system connected with an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the simulation box, and a data processing and analyzing system connected with the pressure control system, wherein the simulation box comprises a lower base plate, a top plate and multiple layers of simulation chambers installed between the lower base plate and the top plate, and holes are formed in the top surface and bottom surface of each simulation chamber, or no hole is formed in the top surface or bottom surface of at least one layer of simulation chamber. The simulation box is designed to be a box-structure physical model provided with the multiple layers of simulation chambers, and rock mass with different lithological characters can be allocated to different simulation chambers conveniently and quickly, so that different lithological configure structure models are established and oil and gas migration and accumulation mechanism characterization study of the models is achieved. In the simulation experiment process, simulation can be controlled by controlling pressure and flow, and the influence of filling pressure, outlet pressure and flow speed on oil and gas migration and accumulation can be controlled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil-gas exploration and development technical field, specifically, relate to a kind of oil migration path physical simulation system and experimental technique.
Background technology
Oil gas is occur in different lithostratigraphies at the secondary migration of underground, and the configuration relation therefore between rock is the first and foremost quality factor affecting oil-gas migration.Different rock association structures can cause different oil migration paths and Gas Accumulation result.Meanwhile, the migration of oil gas occurs in path limited in channel range, it can thus be appreciated that the secondary migration of oil gas is the process of a kind of heterogencity flowing.Wherein, the configuration relation between the spread of stratum form, formation rock and the power of reservoir pressure to research oil-gas migration nonuniformity process and Gas Accumulation mechanism most important.
Gas Accumulation is the difficulties that oil-gas exploration industry is badly in need of solving always.Before the nineties in 20th century, the focus of Gas Accumulation research is the power of primary migration, phase, process and geochemical effect thereof.Since the nineties in 20th century, the fortune of oil gas in carrier bed is gathered behavior and is paid close attention to widely, this is because the secondary migration of hydrocarbon fluid in lake basin is an extremely inhomogenous process, even if in uniform pore media, there are (Schowalter, 1979 in the path that the migration of hydrocarbon fluid is also only limited in channel range; Demibicki et al., 1989; Catalan et al., 1992).Can infer from the migration phenomenon observed, the path that hydrocarbon fluid fortune on different scale is poly-and process may be very similar, but still there is certain difference, some macroscopically can be considered the process of homogeneous on less yardstick often heterogeneous (Luo Xiaorong, 2003).Research shows, the difference configuration of lithologic structure directly affects trapping mechanisms and the regularity of distribution of oil gas.2002 old in red etc. have studied accurate Ge Er basin Luliang uplift bottom of Cretaceous formation unconformity surface lithologic structure feature and Gas Accumulation relation, find that the lithologic allocation on the upper and lower stratum of bottom of Cretaceous formation unconformity surface can be divided into five types: I type, be gravel on unconformity surface, under it, be followed successively by mud stone, sandstone; II type, is sandstone on unconformity surface, is followed successively by mud stone, sandstone under it; III type, is glutenite on unconformity surface, is followed successively by mud stone, glutenite under it; IV type, is sandstone on unconformity surface, is followed successively by mud stone, glutenite under it; V type, is glutenite on unconformity surface, is followed successively by mud stone, sandstone, glutenite under it.Wherein, I type, II Xing Duigai district Gas Accumulation are the most favourable, bottom of Cretaceous formation unconformability and tomography together constitute good transporting passage, leaching zone under unconformability is good migration pathway, under the blocking of weathered clay layer thereon, oil gas can lateral migration effectively, the conglomerate bottom the trap-down cutting unconformability that the Himalayan movement later stage produces and on cover and overlap sandstone greatly, upwards transporting oil gas fast.
Gas Accumulation mechanism is the basis that hydrocarbon-bearing pool location and oil-gas exploration are disposed.One of effective ways of physical simulation experiment room research hydro carbons Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Publication number is that the Chinese invention patent application of CN 102808614A discloses a kind of oil-gas migration physical simulating device and oil-gas migration experimental technique, and described oil-gas migration physical simulating device comprises: constant temperature oven and the fill out sand tube be arranged in described constant temperature oven.Shown oil-gas migration experimental technique, is arranged in constant temperature oven by the glass fill out sand tube of normal pressure, adopts crude oil to carry out oil and gas secondary migration experiment, and carries out visible observation, carries out the research of oil gas macroscopic view migration process; The stainless steel fill out sand tube of high pressure is arranged in constant temperature oven, adopts crude oil to carry out oil and gas secondary migration experiment, carry out oil-gas migration process microconstituent Changeement.This invention is integrated with the simulation of oil and gas secondary migration visible physical and the not visible physical simulation of High Temperature High Pressure two functions, oil and gas secondary migration macroscopic view migration process and the research of microcosmic migration mechanism is combined, improves the means of oil and gas secondary migration PHYSICAL MODELING OF IN.
Publication number is that the Chinese invention patent of CN 102720481A discloses a kind of Gas Accumulation emulated physics simulative experimental instrument, comprise sandbox, power system, rotation and support system, described rotation and support system are connected with sandbox, described sandbox comprises transparent cylinder body, sandbox is provided with logical oil-gas hole and sand loading mouth, sandbox inside bottom is filled with n sole piece, is tightly connected, wherein 7≤n≤13 between sole piece by sole piece connector; Described power system is arranged on below sandbox and is connected with the sole piece in sandbox.The present invention by the migration of tectonic movement and oil gas, assemble and combine, the migration of oil gas before and after tectonic structure occurs in sand body, accumulation process can be simulated, three-dimensional oil-gas migration in prior art can be solved rare with gathering dynamic simulation experimental device, the problem that kinds of experiments requires cannot be met.
Publication number is that the Chinese invention patent of CN 103018003A discloses a kind of unconformity structure body petroleum conduction predominant direction physical simulation system and experimental technique.Simulation system comprises the analog subsystem and injection subsystem that are connected by connexon system, and described analog subsystem comprises base and is installed on the simulator on base, is provided with hole between described simulator and base, and base connects with connexon system; The transparent vessel of described simulator to be longitudinal section be " U " type, the xsect of simulator comprises plate portion, channel-shaped part and carinate part.The present invention is mainly used in disclosing unconformity structure body oil-gas migration predominant direction, simultaneously according to Geological background, changes experiment condition, discloses the control of unconformity structure body and hides the mechanism of action, explore to instruct oil-gas stratigraphic deposits.The present invention is 360 ° of all-transparent designs in appearance, and real-time three-dimensional observes the migration state of oil gas in unconformity structure body.Meanwhile, by changing inclination angle, quartz sand particle diameter, fill cup hydraulic etc., the influence factor that research oil gas is migrated along unconformity structure body.
Publication number is that the Chinese invention patent of CN 102590887A discloses a kind of zone of fracture crude oil thickening mechanism experimental simulation system and experimental technique, comprise the analog subsystem and injection subsystem that are connected by connexon system, described analog subsystem comprises fixed support and analog meter, analog meter is formed by two transparent glass tube obliques, long glass tube simulation zone of fracture, short glass tube simulation reservoir, fixed support is in the form of annular discs, analog meter is fixed on support, can rotate with support, to change the inclination angle of zone of fracture and reservoir; Inject subsystem to be made up of the glass infuser that two is column, contain simulated formation water for one, another contains crude oil, and the glass infuser containing simulated formation water is connected with the water filling port of short glass tube by connexon system, and the glass infuser containing crude oil is connected with the pouring orifice of long glass tube by connexon system.This simulation system and method can disclose the migration process of crude oil in zone of fracture and multiviscosisty controlling factor thereof.
From the above, though existing Gas Accumulation physical simulating method achieves the visual feature from 2 d-to-3 d, but still there is following defect:
(1) physical simulation of existing Gas Accumulation mechanism substantially all launches around fracture, unconformity surface and single sand body, not yet has the Physical Experiment system for lithologic allocation structure control Gas Accumulation mechanism.
(2) existing oil migration path physical simulating method or do not consider the impact of filled pressure on simulaed path, or only consider the impact of intake pressure on simulated experiment, owing to descending oil-gas migration by the domination of migration agent practically, and reservoir pressure is one of important migration agent, and oil-gas migration process is subject to intake pressure and top hole pressure impact simultaneously, the confined pressure namely in actual geological process and the impact of pressure release condition.Therefore, prior art really do not solve voltage-controlled under simulating experiment technique.
(3) existing physical model is all that filling sand body carries out in single casing, and study mechanism is hidden in setting and the control that effectively can not carry out lithologic allocation structure.
(4) in existing physical simulation experiment system, mostly the quartz sand layer of filling is level design, can not reflect the feature of subsurface formations curved-surface shape, especially can not reflect the feature of oil gas along the migration of structure ridge.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the above-mentioned defect and the deficiency that overcome prior art existence, based on the change of lithological combination structure and pressure on the impact of oil-gas migration route, provide a kind of lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system and experimental technique, to realize the Gas Accumulation process of online quantitative simulation under different pressures controls, under different lithology unitized construction, the rule of analyzing oil and gas migration and gathering and controlling factor, deepen the understanding to the Hydrocarbon Formation Reservoirs origin cause of formation and oil-gas distribution, for the oil-gas exploration of petroliferous basin provides foundation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system, the control pressurer system comprise analog unit, being connected with the pouring orifice of analog unit with oil-out and the Data Management Analysis system be connected with control pressurer system, described analog unit comprises lower shoe, upper plate and is arranged on multilayer simulating chamber between lower shoe and upper plate, in described multilayer simulating chamber, the bottom surface, top of all simulating chambers is equipped with hole, or has bottom surface, the top atresia of one deck simulating chamber at least.
As preferably, the simulating chamber of the bottom is flat structure under upper song, and the simulating chamber of most top layer is upper flat lower bent structure, and the structural form of all the other each layer simulating chambers is identical, is upper bottom surface and the curved surface of bottom surface all with " groove " and " ridge " shape structure.This curved-surface structure of simulating chamber truly realizes tracking and the Gas Accumulation mechanism in Gas Accumulation path in curved surface stratum, underground.
Further, described every layer of simulating chamber is equipped with handle, connected by the vertical frame with slideway between upper plate and lower shoe, simulating chamber is positioned on the slideway of framework.Simulating chamber realizes pull function by slideway, realizes the body of filling different lithology quickly and easily.
As preferably, the aperture in the described hole be located on simulating chamber roof and floor is less than 300 microns, this aperture is effective for the silica sand leakproof of particle diameter more than 48 orders, but the seepage flow of oil, gas, water can not be stoped, therefore, oil, gas, water can be circulated up and down by the roof and floor of every layer of simulating chamber, whole simulation system is become efficient integral that a fluid can be freely through.According to the needs of different model, the pore size of simulating chamber top bottom hole can be set.
As preferably, described simulating chamber is provided with two layers, three layers, four layers or five layers, wherein, when simulating chamber is set to five layers, can simulate five layers of lithologic allocation relation, fully meets the needs of lithological combination otherness collocation.
As preferably, described pouring orifice is positioned at the bottom of lower shoe, and oil-out is positioned at the top of upper plate, and pouring orifice and oil-out are diagonal angle arranges, and achieves oil gas and gathers in the abundant fortune of analog unit.When needs carry out closed to simulation system, oil-out can be closed.In addition, being also all provided with pouring orifice and oil-out in the bottom of every layer of simulating chamber and top, diagonal angle, can opening when needed, when not needing, can close.
As preferably, described analog unit is made up of the tempered glass of all-transparent, is convenient to the process of observing Gas Accumulation.
As preferably, described control pressurer system comprises heterogeneous fluid and injects intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system, described heterogeneous fluid injects intake pressure control system and is connected with pouring orifice, and heterogeneous fluid exports top hole pressure control system and is connected with oil-out.
As preferably, described heterogeneous fluid injects intake pressure control system and comprises the oil hose that one end is connected with pouring orifice and the high pressure valve, pressure maintaining valve, tensimeter, flow instrument and the pressure-regulating valve that are arranged on successively on oil hose, the other end of oil hose is connected with oil transportation bucket, oil transportation bucket is connected with high-pressure pump, and high-pressure pump is connected with Data Management Analysis system with analytic system by fluid injecting data record; Described pressure-regulating valve is positioned on the oil hose at pouring orifice place.Adopt the control of multiple pressure valve realization to pressure, wherein, tensimeter and flow instrument play monitoring effect to injection fluid intensity.
As preferably, described heterogeneous fluid exports top hole pressure control system and comprises one end and connect oil-out oil hose and the pressure-regulating valve be arranged on successively on oil hose and flow instrument, the other end of oil hose is connected with the fluid be connected with Data Management Analysis system and exports and measure and analytic system, and described pressure-regulating valve is positioned on the oil hose at oil-out place.Where necessary can convection cell flow out time pressure release size play control action.
When carrying out simulated experiment, can by changing the size of intake pressure and top hole pressure, examination inlet and outlet pressure is to the control action of Gas Accumulation.
Present invention also offers a kind of lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation experiment method, adopt simulation system recited above, its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the oil composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment;
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, are positioned in simulating chamber by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand, and carry out lithologic allocation;
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, regulate control pressurer system, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement;
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red crude oil;
(5) the poly-phenomenon of crude oil fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the crude oil product after oil-out collection experiment;
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped;
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the crude oil product collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) analog unit of the present invention is designed to have the body structure physical model of multilayer simulating chamber, the rock mass to different simulating chamber configuration different lithology can be realized quickly and easily, thus realize building different lithology configuration structure model, and for Gas Accumulation mechanistic features research wherein.(2) according to the control of pressure and flow, the control to simulation process can be realized in simulated experiment process of the present invention, and filled pressure and top hole pressure, flow velocity is on the impact of Gas Accumulation.(3) simulating chamber of the present invention is the curved-surface structure containing " groove " and " ridge " structure, real tracking and the Gas Accumulation mechanism realizing Gas Accumulation path in lower surface camber stratum, ground.(4) the present invention is 360 ° of all-transparent designs in appearance, and real-time three-dimensional is observed the fortune of oil gas in different lithology structure and gathered state, realizes three-dimensional visualization feature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural drawing of lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system in the specific embodiment of the invention one.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the structural representation of the most top layer simulating chamber of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation of specific embodiment of the invention bottom simulating chamber.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation of all the other each layer simulating chambers of the specific embodiment of the invention.
Accompanying drawing 5 is the structural representation of each layer simulating chamber roof and floor with holes in specific embodiment of the invention Fig. 4.
Accompanying drawing 6 is that in the specific embodiment of the invention one, mechanism Physical Experiment model is hidden in the control of unconformity architecture body.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the experimental phenomena schematic diagram that the specific embodiment of the invention one Crude Oil is assembled along unconformity architecture body.
Accompanying drawing 8 is the main oils migration path figure in the specific embodiment of the invention one, different lithology aspect occurred.
Accompanying drawing 9 is medium sand-fine sand-medium sand in the specific embodiment of the invention two-fine sand rhythmicity four layers lithologic structure Physical Experiment model.
Accompanying drawing 10 is the experimental phenomena schematic diagram that the specific embodiment of the invention two Crude Oil is assembled along four layers of lithologic structure.
Accompanying drawing 11 is the main dust trajectory schematic diagram that the specific embodiment of the invention two Crude Oil is assembled along four layers of lithologic structure body.
Accompanying drawing 12 is the main oils migration path figure in the specific embodiment of the invention two, different lithology aspect occurred.
Accompanying drawing 13 is invention specific embodiment three medium coarse sands-medium sand-fine sand three layers lithologic structure Physical Experiment model.
Accompanying drawing 14 is the experimental phenomena schematic diagram that the specific embodiment of the invention three Crude Oil is assembled along three layers of lithologic structure.
Accompanying drawing 15 is the main dust trajectory schematic diagram that the specific embodiment of the invention three Crude Oil is assembled along three layers of lithologic structure body.
Accompanying drawing 16 is the main oils migration path figure in the specific embodiment of the invention three, different lithology aspect occurred.
In figure, 1, analog unit, 2, pouring orifice, 3, oil-out, 4, Data Management Analysis system, 5, lower shoe, 6, upper plate, 7, groove, 8, ridge, 9, handle, 10, slideway, 11, drawer I, 12, drawer II, 13, drawer III, 14, drawer IV, 15, drawer V, 16, oil hose, 17, high pressure valve, 18, pressure maintaining valve, 19, tensimeter, 20, flow instrument, 21, pressure-regulating valve, 22, oil transportation bucket, 23, high-pressure pump, 24, fluid input data record and analytic system, 25, oil hose, 26, pressure-regulating valve, 27, flow instrument, 28, fluid exports metering and analytic system, 29, hole, 30, 1000 micron grain sizes (16 order) silica sand, 31, 25 micron grain sizes (500 order) silica sand, 32, 500 micron grain sizes (32 order) silica sand, 33, 250 micron grain sizes (60 order) silica sand, 34, 150 micron grain sizes (90 order) silica sand.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Specific embodiment one: as shown in Figure 1, a kind of lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system, the control pressurer system comprise analog unit 1, being connected with the pouring orifice 2 of analog unit 1 with oil-out 3 and the Data Management Analysis system 4 be connected with control pressurer system.Analog unit 1 is made up of the tempered glass of all-transparent, be convenient to the process of observing Gas Accumulation, in this example, analog unit 1 comprises lower shoe 5, upper plate 6 and be arranged on five layers of simulating chamber between lower shoe 5 and upper plate 6, the end face of every layer of simulating chamber and bottom surface are equipped with the hole 29 that aperture is 75 microns, this aperture is effective for the silica sand leakproof of particle diameter more than 200 orders, but can not oil be stoped, gas, the seepage flow of water, therefore, oil, gas, water can be circulated up and down by the roof and floor of every layer of simulating chamber, whole simulation system is become efficient integral that a fluid can be freely through.
As shown in Figures 2 to 4, in the present embodiment, the simulating chamber of the bottom is flat structure under upper song, and the simulating chamber of most top layer is upper flat lower bent structure, the structural form of all the other each layer simulating chambers is identical, is upper bottom surface and bottom surface all with " groove " 7 and " ridge " 8 curved surface of shape structure.This curved-surface structure of simulating chamber truly realizes tracking and the Gas Accumulation mechanism in Gas Accumulation path in curved surface stratum, underground.Fig. 5 illustrates the roof and floor structure of all the other each layer simulating chambers.
In the present embodiment, every layer of simulating chamber is equipped with handle 9, connected by the vertical frame with slideway 10 between upper plate and lower shoe, simulating chamber is positioned on the slideway 10 of framework.Simulating chamber realizes pull function by slideway 10, realizes the body of filling different lithology quickly and easily.
In the present embodiment, the above-mentioned simulating chamber mentioned is drawer, wherein, the drawer of most top layer is drawer I 11, the drawer of the bottom is drawer V 15, all the other drawers are followed successively by drawer II 12, drawer III 13, drawer IV 14 from top to bottom, can simulate five layers of lithologic allocation relation, fully meet the needs of lithological combination otherness collocation.
In the present embodiment, described pouring orifice 2 is positioned at the bottom of lower shoe 5, and oil-out 3 is positioned at the top of upper plate 6, and pouring orifice 2 and oil-out 3 are arranged for diagonal angle, achieves oil gas and gathers in the abundant fortune of analog unit 1.When needs carry out closed to simulation system, oil-out 3 can be closed.
In the present embodiment, described control pressurer system comprises heterogeneous fluid and injects intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system, described heterogeneous fluid injects intake pressure control system and is connected with pouring orifice 2, and heterogeneous fluid exports top hole pressure control system and is connected with oil-out 3.
Above-mentioned heterogeneous fluid injects intake pressure control system and comprises the oil hose 16 that one end is connected with pouring orifice and the high pressure valve 17, pressure maintaining valve 18, tensimeter 19, flow instrument 20 and the pressure-regulating valve 21 that are arranged on successively on oil hose 16, the other end of oil hose 16 is connected with oil transportation bucket 22, oil transportation bucket 22 is connected with high-pressure pump 23, and high-pressure pump 23 is connected with Data Management Analysis system 4 with analytic system 24 by fluid injecting data record; Described pressure-regulating valve 21 is positioned on the oil hose 16 at pouring orifice 2 place.Adopt the control of multiple pressure valve realization to pressure, wherein, tensimeter 19 and flow instrument 20 play monitoring effect to injection fluid intensity.
Above-mentioned heterogeneous fluid exports top hole pressure control system and comprises one end and connect oil-out oil hose 25 and the pressure-regulating valve 25 be arranged on successively on oil hose 25 and flow instrument 27, the other end of oil hose 25 is connected with the fluid be connected with Data Management Analysis system 4 and exports and measure and analytic system 28, and described pressure-regulating valve 26 is positioned on the oil hose 25 at oil-out place.Where necessary can convection cell flow out time pressure release size play control action.
When carrying out simulated experiment, can be injected the size of intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system change intake pressure and top hole pressure by above-mentioned heterogeneous fluid, examination inlet and outlet pressure is to the control action of Gas Accumulation.
Simulated experiment can not only observe the Gas Accumulation process in different lithology unitized construction body, geochemical detection can also be carried out to the oil-gas component entered before and after simulation system, as carried out chromatography-mass spectroscopy detection, by the mutation analysis oil-gas migration effect phenomenon to biomarker parameter.
Simulation system recited above is adopted to carry out lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation experiment, for stratigraphic unconformity structure geologic model.
The stratigraphic unconformity illustrated with traditional textbook is that planar structure is different, and actual conditions sub-surface unconformability is a space banded structure, and this simulated experiment really simulates the unconformable solid space structure of subsurface formations.
Stratigraphic unconformity be due to crust uplift stratum suffer to degrade for a long time, weathering formed, and therefore, owing to degrading, the difference of weathering power, unconformability band formed different lithologic structure configuration relations.As shown in Figure 6, typical unconformity structure band physical model is devised in the present embodiment.This model comprises the upper, middle and lower lithologic structure and forms.Superstructure is that basal conglomerate and water enter sand body, is drawer I, fills coarse grain 1000 micron grain size (16 order) silica sand 30 and does conglomerate; Media layer damage is weathered clay layer, is drawer II, fills 25 micron grain sizes (500 order) silica sand 31 and does mud stone; Understructure is Weathering And Leaching layer, half Weathering And Leaching layer and non-Weathering And Leaching layer, corresponding drawer III, drawer IV and drawer V respectively, wherein, drawer III is filled 500 micron grain sizes (32 order) silica sand 32 and is done cobblestone, drawer IV is filled 250 micron grain sizes (60 order) silica sand 33 and is done middle sandstone, and drawer V is filled 150 micron grain sizes (90 order) silica sand 34 and done packsand.Experiment Crude Oil replaces with dying red kerosene.
Its specific experiment method step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the kerosene composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, be positioned in drawer I-drawer V, carry out lithologic allocation according to Fig. 6 by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand.
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, inject intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system adjustment inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red kerosene.
(5) the poly-phenomenon of kerosene fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after oil-out collection experiment.
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the kerosene products collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Fig. 7 illustrates the experimental phenomena that in experimentation, revealable crude oil is assembled along unconformity structure body, and Fig. 7 A, 7B, 7C are the carrying out with experiment, the phenomenon schematic diagram successively occurred.Wherein, Fig. 7 A starts the crude oil of testing in the near future to assemble schematic diagram, what show is that now crude oil moves based on luck of upwards climbing, and the less generation of horizontal lateral migration, seldom have oil to transport in groove especially poly-, crude oil is on from drawer V to the contact interface of drawer IV, it is fast that oil infilters speed, show from fine sand to medium sand, due to the improvement of physical property, highly beneficial to petroleum migration; What Fig. 7 B showed is that crude oil has infiltered drawer III from the drawer V of bottom, it is main for showing that now oil migration remains slope climbing type, because the buoyancy of slope climbing type migration is strong, and the speed entering drawer III from drawer IV is fast compared with the speed entering drawer IV from drawer V, shows that coarse grain stone accelerates petroleum migration; Schematic diagram assembled by the crude oil that Fig. 7 C represents the material experiment later stage, now can find out that large-area main body crude oil is gathered on the arc of drawer III " ridge ", under the mud stone shutoff of drawer II, arc " ridge " defines effective trap, crude oil there occurs lateral migration effectively along structure ridge, thus define three-dimensional oil reservoir, under this shows mainly to occur in effective Sealing Conditions along the horizontal lateral migration of structure ridge.
Fig. 8 is the dust trajectory schematic diagram of crude oil in drawer V, drawer IV and drawer III, and in figure, arrow length represents migration intensity size, and arrow is long represents that migration effect is strong.As seen from Figure 8 in drawer V based on slope climbing type vertical migration, lateral migration effect oblique in drawer IV strengthens to some extent, based on the lateral migration of level in drawer III.
Above-described embodiment is known, experimental technique of the present invention can show the change of migration path in different lithologic structure, reflect in stratigraphic unconformity structure simultaneously, weathered clay layer has defined active layer, in the karst zone below petroleum migration from bottom to top to weathered clay layer, can form effective gathering, in karst zone and half karst zone, physical property is good, and oil migration speed is fast, can form effective petroleum migration passage.
Specific embodiment two: with specific embodiment one unlike, in specific embodiment two, analog unit 1 comprises lower shoe 5, upper plate 6 and be arranged on five layers of simulating chamber between lower shoe 5 and upper plate 6, wherein, the end face of most top layer simulating chamber and bottom surface atresia, the end face of all the other each layer simulating chambers and bottom surface are equipped with the hole 29 that aperture is 150 microns, this aperture is effective for the silica sand leakproof of particle diameter more than 100 orders, but can not oil be stoped, gas, the seepage flow of water, therefore, oil, gas, water can be circulated up and down by the roof and floor of every layer of simulating chamber, whole simulation system is become efficient integral that a fluid can be freely through.
As shown in Figure 9, devise four layers of lithologic structure allocation models in the present embodiment, this model is combined by drawer II, drawer III, drawer IV, drawer V.Wherein, 500 micron grain sizes (32 order) silica sand filled by drawer II and drawer IV, represents the middle sandstone in sedimentary formation; 250 micron grain sizes (60 order) silica sand filled by drawer III and drawer V, represents the packsand in sedimentary formation.Drawer II, drawer III, drawer IV, drawer V are combined into medium sand-fine sand-medium sand-fine sand integrated mode from top to bottom, and this lithologic structure represents rhythmicity depositional phenomenon common in stratum.Experiment Crude Oil replaces with dying red kerosene.
Its specific experiment method step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the kerosene composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, be positioned in drawer II-drawer V, carry out lithologic allocation according to Fig. 9 by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand.
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, inject intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system adjustment inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red kerosene.
(5) the poly-phenomenon of kerosene fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after oil-out collection experiment.
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the kerosene products collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Figure 10 shows the experimental phenomena that in experimentation, revealable crude oil is assembled along this rhythmicity lithologic structure of medium sand-fine sand-medium sand-fine sand.Figure 10 A, 10B, 10C and 10D are the carrying out with experiment, the phenomenon schematic diagram successively occurred.Wherein, Figure 10 A is that schematic diagram assembled by the crude oil that injection crude oil has just started in the near future, what show is that now crude oil moves based on luck of upwards climbing, and the less generation of horizontal lateral migration, seldom have oil to transport in groove especially poly-, crude oil is on from drawer V to the contact interface of drawer IV, it is fast that oil infilters speed, show from fine sand to medium sand, due to the improvement of physical property, highly beneficial to petroleum migration; What Figure 10 B showed is that crude oil infilters speed soon in drawer 4, and show that coarse grain stone accelerates petroleum migration, now oil migration remains slope climbing type is main; Can find out in Figure 10 C that large-area main body crude oil is gathered on the arc of drawer III " ridge ", due to the sandstone physical property of drawer II, comparatively drawer III is good, and crude oil carries out vertical migration at the arc " ridge " of drawer III to drawer II; Figure 10 D is that schematic diagram assembled by the crude oil in experiment later stage, and crude oil carries out lateral migration on the arc " ridge " of drawer II, and arc " ridge " defines three-dimensional gathering.
Figure 11 is the main dust trajectory schematic diagram of crude oil in drawer V, drawer IV, drawer III and drawer II, can find out, just start, and the migration of oil is migrated based on side direction slope climbing type; After on the structural high migrating to arc " ridge ", become and upwards infilter formula based on vertical.
Figure 12 is the main migratory direction schematic diagram of crude oil respectively in drawer V, drawer IV, drawer III and drawer II, and arrow length represents migration intensity size, and arrow is long represents that migration effect is strong.As seen from Figure 12 in drawer V based on slope climbing type vertical migration, lateral migration effect oblique in drawer IV strengthens to some extent, and based on vertical migration upwards in drawer III, drawer II is based on the lateral migration on curvic structure " ridge ".
Specific embodiment three: with specific embodiment one unlike, in specific embodiment three, analog unit 1 comprises lower shoe 5, upper plate 6 and be arranged on five layers of simulating chamber between lower shoe 5 and upper plate 6, wherein, the end face of the two-layer simulating chamber in the top and bottom surface atresia, the end face of all the other each layer simulating chambers and bottom surface are equipped with the hole 29 that aperture is 200 microns, this aperture is effective for the silica sand leakproof of particle diameter more than 75 orders, but can not oil be stoped, gas, the seepage flow of water, therefore, oil, gas, water can be circulated up and down by the roof and floor of every layer of simulating chamber, whole simulation system is become efficient integral that a fluid can be freely through.
As shown in figure 13, devise three layers of lithologic structure allocation models in the present embodiment, this model is combined by drawer III, drawer IV, drawer V.Wherein, 250 micron grain sizes (60 order) silica sand filled by drawer III, represents the packsand in sedimentary formation; 500 micron grain sizes (32 order) silica sand filled by drawer IV, represents the middle sandstone in sedimentary formation; 1000 micron grain sizes (16 order) silica sand filled by drawer V, represents the sandstone grit in sedimentary formation.
Be combined into coarse sand-medium sand-fine sand be combined to form lithologic structure by drawer V, drawer IV, drawer III, this lithologic structure represents river layer deposition phenomenon common in stratum.River layer deposition is the important phenomenon of Continental Deposit In China: A Review lake basin, being permitted great oil gas field is all find in this sedimentary system, if Shengli Oil Field (Guantao group) a big chunk reserves are all find in fluvial facies deposit system, it is therefore the object that oil and gas industry is extremely paid close attention to.In the vertical profile of fluvial facies, bottom is riverbed parfacies, it is often the main body of fluvial facies deposit, general thickness is larger, primarily of channel lag deposit (sandstone grit, conglomerate deposit), point bar (middle sandstone) and channel bar (in-packsand), also known as river layer deposition.Therefore coarse sand-medium sand-fine sand this lithological combination model representative the characteristic feature of river layer deposition of our design, has very important researching value and good application.
Experiment Crude Oil replaces with dying red kerosene.
Its specific experiment method step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the kerosene composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, are positioned in drawer drawer III-drawer V by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand, carry out lithologic allocation according to Figure 13.
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, inject intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system adjustment inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red kerosene.
(5) the poly-phenomenon of kerosene fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after oil-out collection experiment.
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the kerosene products collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
Figure 14 illustrates the experimental phenomena that in experimentation, revealable crude oil is assembled along coarse sand-medium sand-fine sand lithology structure, and Figure 14 A, 14B, 14C, 14D are the carrying out with experiment, the phenomenon schematic diagram successively occurred.What Figure 14 A showed is that now crude oil is upwards migrated based on side direction, and migration velocity is very fast, and crude oil is on from drawer V to the contact interface of drawer IV, and oil infilters speed and slows down, and shows from coarse sand to medium sand, and because physical property is deteriorated, petroleum migration speed declines; What Figure 14 B showed is that crude oil infilters from the curvic structure " ridge " of the drawer V of bottom to drawer IV, and speed is relatively greatly slack-off in drawer V, and this is because migration agent declines on the one hand, and the opposing party is because physical property is deteriorated, the cause that resistance increases; Figure 14 C represents that main body crude oil has infiltered on the arc " ridge " of drawer III from the structure of drawer IV " ridge "; Figure 14 C represents under the shutoff of drawer II base plate, crude oil main body defines effective oil reservoir at drawer III arc " ridge ", and crude oil there occurs lateral migration effectively along structure ridge, thus define three-dimensional oil reservoir, under this also shows mainly to occur in effective Sealing Conditions along the horizontal lateral migration of structure ridge.
Figure 15 is the dust trajectory schematic diagram of crude oil in drawer V, drawer IV and drawer III, and in figure, arrow length represents migration velocity size, and arrow is long represents that migration velocity is fast.
Figure 16 concrete manifestation goes out the main dust trajectory in each drawer.Migrate based on side direction-vertical compound in drawer V as seen from Figure 16, migration velocity is fast, and strengthen to some extent for main with vertical floating type migration in drawer IV, in drawer III, first vertical floating type is migrated, and it is main for retreading to lateral migration.
Specific embodiment four: with specific embodiment two unlike, in specific embodiment four, analog unit 1 comprises lower shoe 5, upper plate 6 and is arranged on four layers of simulating chamber between lower shoe 5 and upper plate 6, the end face of every layer of simulating chamber and bottom surface are equipped with the hole 29 that aperture is 150 microns, this aperture is effective for the silica sand leakproof of particle diameter more than 100 orders, but the seepage flow of oil, gas, water can not be stoped, therefore, oil, gas, water can be circulated up and down by the roof and floor of every layer of simulating chamber, whole simulation system is become efficient integral that a fluid can be freely through.
In the present embodiment, the drawer of most top layer is drawer I 11, and the drawer of the bottom is drawer IV 14, and all the other drawers are followed successively by drawer II 12, drawer III 13 from top to bottom, can simulate four layers of lithologic allocation relation, meets the needs of lithological combination otherness collocation.
Devise four layers of lithologic structure allocation models in the present embodiment, this model is combined by drawer I, drawer II, drawer III, drawer IV.Wherein, 500 micron grain sizes (32 order) silica sand filled by drawer I and drawer III, represents the middle sandstone in sedimentary formation; 250 micron grain sizes (60 order) silica sand filled by drawer II and drawer IV, represents the packsand in sedimentary formation.Drawer I, drawer II, drawer III, drawer IV are combined into medium sand-fine sand-medium sand-fine sand integrated mode from top to bottom, this lithologic structure represents rhythmicity depositional phenomenon common in stratum, identical with the four layers of lithologic structure allocation models of the rhythmicity described in specific embodiment two.Experiment Crude Oil replaces with dying red kerosene.
Its specific experiment method step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the kerosene composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, be positioned in drawer I-drawer IV, carry out lithologic allocation according to above-mentioned four layers of lithologic structure allocation models by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand.
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, inject intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system adjustment inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red kerosene.
(5) the poly-phenomenon of kerosene fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after oil-out collection experiment.
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the kerosene products collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
In the present embodiment experimentation, revealable crude oil can refer to the phenomenon in specific embodiment two along crude oil along the experimental phenomena that this rhythmicity lithologic structure of medium sand-fine sand-medium sand-fine sand is assembled, and the main dust trajectory in its dust trajectory and each drawer can refer to the concrete explanation implemented in two equally.
Specific embodiment five: with specific embodiment three unlike, in specific embodiment four, analog unit 1 comprises lower shoe 5, upper plate 6 and is arranged on four layers of simulating chamber between lower shoe 5 and upper plate 6, the end face of every layer of simulating chamber and bottom surface are equipped with the hole 29 that aperture is 150 microns, this aperture is effective for the silica sand leakproof of particle diameter more than 100 orders, but the seepage flow of oil, gas, water can not be stoped, therefore, oil, gas, water can be circulated up and down by the roof and floor of every layer of simulating chamber, whole simulation system is become efficient integral that a fluid can be freely through.
In the present embodiment, the drawer of most top layer is drawer I 11, and the drawer of the bottom is drawer III 13, and intermediate drawer is drawer II 12, can simulate three layers of lithologic allocation relation, meets the needs of lithological combination otherness collocation.
Devise three layers of lithologic structure allocation models in the present embodiment, this model is combined by drawer I, drawer II, drawer III.Wherein, 250 micron grain sizes (60 order) silica sand filled by drawer I, represents the packsand in sedimentary formation; 500 micron grain sizes (32 order) silica sand filled by drawer II, represents the middle sandstone in sedimentary formation; 1000 micron grain sizes (16 order) silica sand filled by drawer III, represents the sandstone grit in sedimentary formation.This model is identical with the characteristic feature of the river layer deposition described in specific embodiment three.Experiment Crude Oil replaces with dying red kerosene.
Its specific experiment method step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the kerosene composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment.
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, be positioned in drawer I-drawer III, carry out lithologic allocation according to above-mentioned three layers of lithologic structure allocation models by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand.
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, inject intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system adjustment inlet and outlet pressure by heterogeneous fluid, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement.
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red kerosene.
(5) the poly-phenomenon of kerosene fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the kerosene products after oil-out collection experiment.
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped.
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the kerosene products collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
In the present embodiment experimentation, revealable crude oil can refer to the phenomenon in specific embodiment three along the experimental phenomena that coarse sand-medium sand-fine sand lithology structure is assembled, and the main dust trajectory in its dust trajectory and each drawer can refer to the concrete explanation implemented in three equally.
From above-described embodiment, when simulating chamber is five layers, it can realize the experiment of five layers, four layers, three layers, two layers lithologic structure model, fully meets the needs of different lithology combination otherness collocation.Similarly, as the extension of above-described embodiment, bottom surface, the top atresia of lower floor's simulating chamber, the bottom surface, top of all the other each layer simulating chambers is equipped with hole, and analog unit can realize crude oil and migrate from bottom to top; Hole on bottom surface, simulating chamber top can adopt different pore size, can also design different models, test according to the analog unit that different Model Selection is suitable according to different lithologic structure.
Above-described embodiment is used for explaining the present invention, instead of limits the invention, and in the protection domain of spirit of the present invention and claim, any amendment make the present invention and change, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system, the control pressurer system comprise analog unit, being connected with the pouring orifice of analog unit with oil-out and the Data Management Analysis system be connected with control pressurer system, it is characterized in that: described analog unit comprises lower shoe, upper plate and is arranged on multilayer simulating chamber between lower shoe and upper plate, in described multilayer simulating chamber, the bottom surface, top of all simulating chambers is equipped with hole, or has bottom surface, the top atresia of one deck simulating chamber at least.
2. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the simulating chamber of the bottom is flat structure under upper song, the simulating chamber of most top layer is upper flat lower bent structure, the structural form of all the other each layer simulating chambers is identical, is upper bottom surface and the curved surface of bottom surface all with " groove " and " ridge " shape structure.
3. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described every layer of simulating chamber is equipped with handle, connected by the vertical frame with slideway between upper plate and lower shoe, simulating chamber is positioned on the slideway of framework.
4. the lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claims 1 to 3 any one, is characterized in that: described in the aperture in hole that is located on simulating chamber roof and floor be less than 300 microns.
5. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pouring orifice is positioned at the bottom of lower shoe, oil-out is positioned at the top of upper plate, and pouring orifice and oil-out are diagonal angle arranges.
6. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described analog unit is made up of the tempered glass of all-transparent.
7. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described control pressurer system comprises heterogeneous fluid and injects intake pressure control system and heterogeneous fluid output top hole pressure control system, described heterogeneous fluid injects intake pressure control system and is connected with pouring orifice, and heterogeneous fluid exports top hole pressure control system and is connected with oil-out.
8. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described heterogeneous fluid injects intake pressure control system and comprises the oil hose that one end is connected with pouring orifice and the high pressure valve, pressure maintaining valve, tensimeter, flow instrument and the pressure-regulating valve that are arranged on successively on oil hose, the other end of oil hose is connected with oil transportation bucket, oil transportation bucket is connected with high-pressure pump, and high-pressure pump is connected with Data Management Analysis system with analytic system by fluid injecting data record; Described pressure-regulating valve is positioned on the oil hose at pouring orifice place.
9. lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation system according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described heterogeneous fluid exports top hole pressure control system and comprises one end and connect oil-out oil hose and the pressure-regulating valve be arranged on successively on oil hose and flow instrument, the other end of oil hose is connected with the fluid be connected with Data Management Analysis system and exports and measure and analytic system, and described pressure-regulating valve is positioned on the oil hose at oil-out place.
10. a lithological combination structure control Gas Accumulation physical simulation experiment method, adopts simulation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: its specific experiment step is as follows:
(1) prepare simulation material, detect simulation system equipment, detection is carried out to the oil composition before experiment and analyzes, gather the experimental data before experiment;
(2) experimentally content and experiment purpose construct lithology structural model, are positioned in simulating chamber by varigrained hydrophilic silica sand, and carry out lithologic allocation;
(3) according to simulated experiment requirement, regulate control pressurer system, make inlet and outlet pressure reach experiment purpose requirement;
(4) select inlet and delivery outlet, connect high-pressure pump, setting rate of injection starts to inject band from pouring orifice and dyes red crude oil;
(5) the poly-phenomenon of crude oil fortune is observed in experimentation, and real-time camera or video recording, the crude oil product after oil-out collection experiment;
(6), after reaching requirement of experiment, physical simulation experiment is stopped;
(7) geochemical detection is carried out to the crude oil product collected from oil-out;
(8) difference of comparative analysis experiment front and back data, analysis design mothod process, sums up Gas Accumulation mechanism.
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