CN104914428B - A kind of velocity measuring system and measuring method based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label - Google Patents

A kind of velocity measuring system and measuring method based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label Download PDF

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CN104914428B
CN104914428B CN201510164827.0A CN201510164827A CN104914428B CN 104914428 B CN104914428 B CN 104914428B CN 201510164827 A CN201510164827 A CN 201510164827A CN 104914428 B CN104914428 B CN 104914428B
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antenna
frequency identification
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data
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CN104914428A (en
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莫凌飞
黄华林
刘英杰
许奇梦
吴之桐
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Shiji Biotechnology Co ltd
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Southeast University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S11/00Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation
    • G01S11/02Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves
    • G01S11/06Systems for determining distance or velocity not using reflection or reradiation using radio waves using intensity measurements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06KGRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/0008General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer

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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of velocity measuring system based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label and measuring method, measuring system includes RFID tag, first antenna, the second antenna, radio-frequency identification reader and data center, wherein first antenna and the second antenna is respectively connecting to radio-frequency identification reader, and described radio-frequency identification reader receives signal that RFID tag sends by first antenna and the second antenna and is respectively sent to the data center respectively.The method of the present invention is based on ultra-high frequency RFID technology, utilize Lagrange interpolation method expanding datas source, handled by by stages Gauss curve fitting to the data that the related time difference method that the maximum time difference method and Phat processors and SCOT that Kalman filter is combined are weighted is read to reader, realize the accurate measurement of the speed of travel.The present invention can be effectively reduced error, improve precision, and do not need big amount of calculation.The present invention ultra-high frequency RFID label have small volume, price low, read apart from it is remote the advantages of, be suitable as sensor be worn on the elderly carry out the speed of travel accurate measurement.

Description

A kind of velocity measuring system and measuring method based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of velocity measuring system based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label and measuring method, belong to radio frequency Recognize the technical field of tag reader identification.
Background technology
Radio frequency identification (Radio Frequency Identification, RFID) technology, be it is a kind of it is contactless from Dynamic identification technology, each RFID label tag has unique mark (ID) information, and RFID reader is read by way of radio frequency Take the id information of RFID label tag.This technology has the advantages that recognition accuracy height, strong antijamming capability, long service life, and It is the passive electronic label low cost that uses, easy for installation, also it is widely used in a variety of applications in each field.
Interpolation, fitting, filtering and cross-correlation, are all conventional processing data methods.Interpolating function is in discrete data On the basis of interpolation continuous data function so that this full curve is by all given discrete data points, and it is discrete letter The important method that number is approached.It, by the operation that specific band frequency is filtered in signal, is to suppress and prevent one of interference that filtering, which is, Important measures.Fitting is to a kind of approximate of initial data, to data analysis important in inhibiting.Cross-correlation is used in statistics To represent the covariance between two random vectors X and Y;In field of signal processing, cross-correlation is used to indicate that two signals Between one of similitude measurement, generally find the characteristic in unknown signaling by being compared with known signal.
Senior health and fitness is a focus of contemporary scientific research, and with the quickening of aging population trend, the elderly protects Strong to become more and more important, in recent years, researcher has found that the elderly's speed of travel and its health have close ties, therefore, right The accurate measurement of the elderly's speed of travel will become more and more important, but phase of the China in terms of the measurement of human body walking speed Close research and be substantially at space state, also provide a complete speed-measuring method without any research.Conventional RFID is being surveyed In the application in fast field, mostly hot-short tests the speed, and the system and method that designs aims at pedestrian and tested the speed offer in the present invention.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention:It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of speed of travel measuring system of super high frequency radio frequency identification and side Method
Technical scheme:The speed of travel measuring system and method for super high frequency radio frequency identification of the present invention, radio frequency identification Reader is connected through radio frequency with RFID tag, and radio-frequency identification reader is connected through data wire with data center, radio frequency Identification reader is connected with microwave antenna, and RFID tag is connected by built-in transmission antenna with reader, is used Specific measuring method is obtained to be located in advance using Lagrange interpolation methods to initial data successively in data, speed calculation method Reason, rear the maximum time difference method combined with by stages Gauss curve fitting with Kalman filter and Phat processors and SCOT weightings The data that related time difference method processing interpolation is obtained, so as to obtain the speed of travel of pedestrian.
Described measuring method is the pedestrian edge straight line moving parallel with two microwave antennas for carrying electronic identification label, Under RFID device work, reader sends the radiofrequency signal of certain frequency by transmitting antenna, and electronic tag is in transmitting antenna Built-in information is sent after activation in working region, reader is recognized to the information received, and is sent in data The heart is recorded, so as to obtain a series of initial data.
Computational Method of Velocity Measurement:
1st, Lagrange interpolation methods
The time interval of the signal intensity read due to RFID reader is non-constant, and signal intensity is easily by room The influence fluctuation of the Multiple factors such as interior temperature, humidity, multipath effect is very big, it is therefore desirable to which the data read are pre-processed. In order to avoid the loss of true value, row interpolation is entered to read data using Lagrange interpolation methods, makes generation time at intervals of Δ T's Sequence.
If 3 points of P, Q, H be interpolation sequence in adjacent 3 points, its coordinate is respectively (x0,y0)、(x1,y1)、(x2, y2), it is assumed that x0<x1<x2;A parabola y=ax is assured that by this 3 points2+ bx+c, three parameters a, b, c can lead to Cross Lagrange interpolation formulas to try to achieve, Lagrange interpolation formulas are:
Obtain after parameter, in interval [x0,x2] between, insert a sub-value every Δ T.After the completion of, reselect three it is adjacent Point, constantly repeats above-mentioned way, is allowed to produce the sequence that complete time interval is Δ T.
2nd, by stages Gauss curve fitting
The signal intensity P of some positionr(d) value can regard a probability problem, P asr(d) Distribution value is more intensive shows Pr (d) value is truer.By stages Gauss curve fitting now is used to the sequence that Lagrange interpolation is produced, the big P of probability is found outr(d) value, Reject scattered wrong data.Fitting function is:
The sequence that interpolation is produced now is divided into multiple intervals, each interval can approximate representation it is a certain produced by under d Pr(d) value, then by the interval Pr(d) value substitutes into fitting function, retains 0.5<Yi<1 maximum probability data.
3rd, Kalman filter
Because Gauss curve fitting method only eliminates scattered wrong data, and some maximum probability noises can not eliminate its shadow Ring, the data that Gauss curve fitting is obtained now handled by Kalman filter, random disturbances are eliminated according to the measured value of system, The true colors of playback system.According to the characteristics of the RFID system built, it can be located with without control discrete type Kalman filter Reason, its algorithm can be described by 5 equations.
The one-step prediction equation of state:
The one-step prediction equation of mean square error:
Filtering gain equation (weight):
Filtering estimation equation (optimal value at K moment):
Mean square error updates matrix (the optimal mean square error at K moment):
4th, Phat processors and the broad sense cross-correlation of SCOT weightings
Broad sense cross-correlation is to give certain weighting based on the crosspower spectrum between two signals, and in frequency domain, can be to letter Number and noise carry out the higher frequency content of signal to noise ratio in whitening processing, enhancing signal, so as to suppress the influence of noise, then pass through Inverse discrete fourier transform (IDFT) arrives time domain, and the broad sense cross-correlation function for obtaining two signals is:
Wherein, G12(k) it is the cross-spectral density between two signals, A (k) is broad sense cross-correlation weighting function.Weight letter Several selections is that, according to depending on different noises and reverberation situation, for the system, conjunction is compared in Phat processors and SCOT weightings It is suitable.
Phat processors:
A (k)=1/ | G12(k)|
SCOT:
The dependency relation of two discrete signal frequency domain characteristics can be described with autopower spectral density and cross-spectral density, and Autopower spectral density is a pair of Fourier transform pairs with auto-correlation function, and cross-spectral density and cross-correlation function are also a pair of Fu In leaf transformation pair, obtain:
R12(n)=IDFT [G12(k)]
According to the time domain circular convolution characteristic of discrete Fourier transform, above formula can be changed into:
Wherein, A (n) can be obtained by A (k) discrete Fourier transforms (DFT);Represent circular convolution operator;R12P (n-m)RN(n) circular shifting sequence is represented;RN(n) it is rectangle sequence.
In order to simplify the calculating of round roll product, it can be realized with matrix multiple, matrix is expressed as:
Y=HX
Wherein:
The present invention proposes the pedestrian's velocity-measuring system and method for a kind of super high frequency radio frequency identification, and its advantage is to test the speed During can not only be effectively reduced error, improve precision, and do not need big amount of calculation.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention:1st, error can be effectively reduced, precision is improved, and Big amount of calculation is not needed.
2nd, the measurement accuracy of traditional speed-measuring method (such as stopwatch tests the speed) is not often high, the higher measuring instrument of precision because into This it is higher and can not large-scale popularization use, and these methods are all difficult the daily speed of travel of accurate measurement the elderly.Superelevation Frequency RFID label tag has small volume, price low, read apart from it is remote the advantages of, be suitable as sensor and be worn on the elderly The accurate measurement of the row speed of travel.
3rd, speed-measuring method ratio of precision of the invention is higher, and whole system price is also more moderate, available for health care.
4th, the system can test the speed to many individuals simultaneously, and RFID label tag preserves the data of subject person, knows by label Not different subject persons.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is velocity measuring system structured flowchart of the invention;
Fig. 2 is velocity measuring system principle schematic of the invention;
Fig. 3 tests schematic diagram for the velocity measuring system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the interpolation preprocessed data figure of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the Gauss curve fitting datagram of embodiments of the invention 1;
Fig. 6 is the Kalman filter processing data figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 7 is the related time difference method processing data figure of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the implementation Example.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in figure 1, the system is by RFID tag, radio-frequency identification reader (microwave antenna) and data central. set Into preserving identification information in RFID tag, the method that radio-frequency identification reader passes through radio frequency identification reads radio frequency identification The identification information of label is simultaneously sent to data center by data wire, and data center is shown and recorded to data.
As shown in Fig. 2 radio-frequency identification reader is connected through radio frequency with RFID tag, radio-frequency identification reader is through number It is connected according to line with data center, radio-frequency identification reader is connected with microwave antenna, RFID tag passes through built-in hair Antennas is connected with reader.Pedestrian carries electronic tag and passed through from two microwave antenna forward positions and the straight line of two antenna parallels Cross, reader sends the radiofrequency signal of certain frequency by transmitting antenna, when electronic tag enters transmitting antenna working region Induced-current is produced, electronic tag obtains energy and is activated, the information such as itself coding are sent out by transmission antenna built in card Go;System reception antenna receives the carrier signal sent from electronic tag, and reader is sent to through antenna adjustments device, reads Device is demodulated to the signal of reception and decoding is then delivered to backstage main system and carries out relevant treatment.Signal propagation losses model is anti- Reflect signal propagation path loss and the relation of propagation distance, the distance of electronic tag and antenna is nearer, in signal communication process Loss is just smaller, and the signal intensity that reader is received is bigger, and when the distance of electronic tag and antenna changes, reader Corresponding change will occur for the signal intensity read, and distance is nearer, and the signal intensity read is bigger.Between antenna It can be previously set apart from D, as long as time difference Δ t when measuring two signal intensities maximum, utilizes formulaIt can calculate The average speed of this segment distance.
1st, system building
As shown in figure 3, instrument used herein is purple battle-axe used in ancient China RFID, pass through SpeedwayRevolution Autopilot Technology, operation of the Automatic Optimal reader in applied environment makes its measurement be in optimal performance state.Reality is connected by figure Instrument is tested, is turned on the power, and it is 8m apart from D to set between the parameter of correlation, two antennas of adjustment, allows and carries electronic tag People is along the straight line moving with two antenna parallels, and reader records and preserves data, passes through maximum time difference method and related time difference method The data that processing reader is read, try to achieve the speed of travel of pedestrian.
2nd, Lagrange interpolation is pre-processed
As shown in figure 4, herein by matlab programming realization Lagrange interpolation.It can be seen that initial data It is some discrete points, subregion is concentrated, and is not easy to processing.In the case where ensureing true value, expanded by Lagrange interpolation Data source, is allowed to sequence of the generation time at intervals of 0.001s.
3rd, maximum time difference method
As shown in figure 5, the sequence that interpolation the is produced interval division such as 0.05s region at timed intervals, then passes through Gauss Fitting function realizes that by stages is fitted, and fitting result eliminates random disturbances using Kalman filter.From the figure, it can be seen that Curve generally changes less, but some small probability data and system random noise are removed, and make curve smoother, data it is true Reality is higher.
As shown in fig. 6, the P obtained to Kalman filter processingr(d) value, which is averaged, just obtained under the interval AndThe corresponding time is Pr(d) average value of time corresponding toWhat two antennas were receivedThe maximum correspondence of value TimeRespectively 3.123s and 9.862s.Trying to achieve speed is:
4th, related time difference method
As shown in fig. 7, using the sequence that Lagrange interpolation generation times interval delta T is 0.01s, by being produced to interpolation Sequence carry out related operation, weighted using Phat processors and SCOT.As seen from the figure, Phat processors and SCOT are although curve It is not very smooth, but peak value is clearly, easily tells, when can more be accurately determined two signals during reality is measured Prolong.Time delay number n after Phat processors and the processing of SCOT weighting functions is respectively 689 and 691, corresponding time difference Δ t difference For 6.89s and 6.91s.Trying to achieve speed is respectively:
As described above, although the present invention has been represented and described with reference to specific preferred embodiment, it must not be explained For to the limitation of itself of the invention., can be right under the premise of the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims are defined are not departed from Various changes can be made in the form and details for it.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of speed measurement method based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label, the measuring system of the measuring method application includes RFID tag, first antenna, the second antenna, radio-frequency identification reader and data center, wherein first antenna and second day Line is respectively connecting to radio-frequency identification reader, it is characterised in that the radio-frequency identification reader passes through first antenna and second day Line receives the signal that RFID tag sends and is respectively sent to the data center respectively, and the data center is according to reception To signal the speed of the RFID tag is calculated by maximum time difference method or related time difference method;
The maximum time difference method comprises the following steps:
1) data center reads first antenna and the second antenna receives the intensity number for the signal that RFID tag is sent According to;
2) by step 1) obtained data are read with Δ T1Time interval carry out Lagrange's interpolation processing obtain first antenna and The signal intensity sequence that second antenna is received;
3) by step 2) obtained signal intensity sequence is according to time interval Δ T2Equidistant zoning, is then intended by Gauss Close function and carry out by stages fitting, retain maximum probability data;
4) by step 3) fitting result random disturbances are eliminated by Kalman filter;
5) by step 4) sequence results by step 3) in interval be averaged the average for trying to achieve signal intensity
6) according to two antennasThe corresponding time t of maximum1And t2, calculate the speed of RFID tag Wherein D is the distance between first antenna and second antenna;
The related time difference method comprises the following steps:
A) data center reads first antenna and the second antenna receives the intensity number for the signal that RFID tag is sent According to;
B) by step A) obtained data are read with Δ T3Time interval carry out Lagrange's interpolation processing obtain first antenna and The signal intensity sequence that second antenna is received;
C) by step B) sequence results handled by Phat processors or the SCOT related time difference method weighted, try to achieve the related time difference Serial No. M, M corresponding to the peak value of method are the time delay number of two sequences;
D the speed of RFID tag) is calculatedWherein D is the distance between first antenna and second antenna.
2. the speed measurement method according to claim 1 based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label, it is characterised in that will walk It is rapid 1) or step A) read obtained data with Δ T1Time interval or Δ T3Time interval carry out Lagrange's interpolation processing Obtain concretely comprising the following steps for the signal intensity sequence that first antenna and the second antenna are received:
If 3 points of P, Q, H be interpolation sequence in adjacent 3 points, its coordinate is respectively (x0,y0)、(x1,y1)、(x2,y2), Assuming that x0<x1<x2;A parabola y=ax is assured that by this 3 points2+ bx+c, three parameters a, b, c can pass through Lagrange interpolation formulas are tried to achieve, and Lagrange interpolation formulas are:
y = ( x - x 1 ) ( x - x 2 ) ( x 0 - x 1 ) ( x 0 - x 2 ) y 0 + ( x - x 0 ) ( x - x 2 ) ( x 1 - x 0 ) ( x 1 - x 2 ) y 1 + ( x - x 0 ) ( x - x 1 ) ( x 2 - x 0 ) ( x 2 - x 1 ) y 2
Obtain after parameter, in interval [x0,x2] between, every Δ T1Or Δ T3Insert a sub-value;After the completion of, reselect three it is adjacent Point, constantly repeat Lagrange interpolation procedures, be allowed to produce complete time interval for Δ T1Or Δ T3Sequence.
3. the speed measurement method according to claim 1 based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label, it is characterised in that described Step 3):By step 2) obtained signal intensity sequence is according to time interval Δ T2Equidistant zoning, is mended during data deficiencies Zero, by stages fitting is then carried out by Gauss curve fitting function, is specially:
x c = &Sigma; i = 1 i = k P r ( d ) i k &omega; = &Sigma; i = 1 i = k ( P r ( d ) i - x c ) 2 k Y i = Ae - ( P r ( d ) i - x c ) 2 2 &omega; 2
Wherein xcRepresent the average of signal intensity;ω is standard deviation of the signal intensity that measures of RFID reader in some interval; YiRepresent probability;A is normalized parameter, can be determined by normalizing equation, normalizing equation is:
&Sigma; i = 1 i = k Y i = 1
The sequence that interpolation is produced now is divided into multiple intervals, each interval can a certain P produced by under d of approximate representationr (d) value, then by the interval Pr(d) fitting function is substituted into, retains 0.5<Yi<1 maximum probability data.
4. the speed measurement method according to claim 1 based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label, it is characterised in that described Step 4):By step 3) fitting result by Kalman filter eliminate random disturbances be specially:
The one-step prediction equation of state:
Wherein Φk/k-1Matrix is driven for state variable;
The one-step prediction equation of mean square error:
P ^ k / k - 1 = &Phi; k / k - 1 * P k - 1 * &Phi; k / k - 1 T + &Phi; k - 1 * Q k - 1 * &Gamma; k - 1 T ,
Wherein Qk-1For the covariance of process noise;Γk-1Matrix is driven for noise;
Filtering gain equation:
Wherein RkFor the covariance of measurement noise;
Filtering estimation equation:
Wherein ZkFor systematic observation variable;
Mean square error updates matrix:
Wherein PkFor the optimal mean square error at K moment;
By above-mentioned equation, the selection of initial value is filtered first, is often takenAnd P0=Cov [x0], then with the k-1 moment Optimal estimation xk-1It is defined, predicts the state variable at k momentThe state is observed again simultaneously, observational variable is obtained Zk, premeasuring is modified finally by observed quantity, so as to obtain the optimal State Estimation x at k momentk;Kalman filtering is one Recursive algorithm is planted, continuous iteration process just can determine that optimal estimation value not in the same time.
5. the speed measurement method according to claim 1 based on super high frequency radio frequency identification label, it is characterised in that described Step C):By step B) sequence results handled by Phat processors or the SCOT related time difference method weighted, when trying to achieve correlation Serial No. M corresponding to the peak value of poor method, be specially:
Broad sense cross-correlation is, based on the crosspower spectrum between two signals, and to give in frequency domain certain weighting, to signal and is made an uproar Sound carries out the higher frequency content of signal to noise ratio in whitening processing, enhancing signal, so as to suppress the influence of noise, then passes through discrete Fu In leaf inverse transformation IDFT to time domain, the broad sense cross-correlation function for obtaining two signals is:
R 12 g ( n ) = I D F T &lsqb; A ( k ) G 12 ( k ) &rsqb;
Wherein, G12(k) it is the cross-spectral density between two signals, A (k) is broad sense cross-correlation weighting function;Weighting function Selection is that, according to depending on different noises and reverberation situation, for the system, Phat processors or SCOT weightings are proper;
Phat processors:
A (k)=1/ | G12(k)|
SCOT:
A ( k ) = 1 / G 11 ( k ) G 22 ( k )
The dependency relation of two discrete signal frequency domain characteristics can be described with autopower spectral density and cross-spectral density, and from work( Rate spectrum density is a pair of Fourier transform pairs with auto-correlation function, and cross-spectral density and cross-correlation function are also a pair of Fourier Conversion pair, is obtained:
R12(n)=IDFT [G12(k)]
According to the time domain circular convolution characteristic of discrete Fourier transform, above formula can be changed into:
R 12 g ( n ) = A ( n ) &CircleTimes; R 12 ( n ) = &Sigma; m = 0 N - 1 A ( m ) R 12 p ( n - m ) R N ( n )
Wherein, A (n) can be obtained by A (k) discrete Fourier transforms DFT;Represent circular convolution operator;
R12P(n-m)RN(n) circular shifting sequence is represented;RN(n) it is rectangle sequence;
In order to simplify the calculating of round roll product, it can be realized with matrix multiple, matrix is expressed as:
Y=HX
Wherein:
Y = R 12 g ( 0 ) R 12 g ( 1 ) R 12 g ( 2 ) . . . R 12 g ( N - 1 )
X = A ( 0 ) A ( 1 ) A ( 2 ) . . . A ( N - 1 )
Broad sense cross-correlationCalculating process is:
First, two sequences ies interpolation produced1And y (n)2(n), make two sequence lengths the same by zero padding, then using basic Computing cross-correlation, tries to achieve R12(m), computing formula is:
R 12 ( m ) = &Sigma; n = 0 N y 1 ( n ) y 2 ( n - m )
Then, selection Phat processors or SCOT weighting function A (k), A (n) is obtained by Fourier inversion;
Finally, the rapid design method accumulated by above-mentioned round roll tries to achieve broad sense cross-correlationAccording toMaximum it is true Fixed response time number M.
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