CN104900131B - The experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in a kind of simulation drilling process - Google Patents
The experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in a kind of simulation drilling process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process, its technical scheme is：First, experimental provision, second, drilling fluid direct circulation experimental method are assembled；3rd, gas overflow process protocol；4th, stratum liquid phase fluid experimental method, the 5th, gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow experimental method；The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：So as to observe the variations in flow patterns in gas overflow, gas-liquid two-phase fluid flooding process, during closing well, normal circulation under three kinds of flooded conditions and leakage well head oil pressure, casing pressure change, the enthusiasm of Students ' Learning can be excited, there are the understanding of a visual pattern, the understanding and grasp of Parameters variation during having deepened student to formation fluid overflow and leakage to the process of formation fluid intrusion pit shaft and leakage.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to simulate formation fluid overflow in drilling process the present invention relates to a kind of oil and gas development experimental method
And the experimental method of leakage.
Background technology
Adopt various measures all make every effort to avoid always although leakage, overflow blowout and blowout out of control are petroleum industries,
But as long as history identity develops oil, such accident is impossible to prevent.Because such accident harm is huge, drilling well production is single
Position can all be paid much attention to, therefore student does not reach during drilling well production practice, is also impossible to see such accident, be lacked
The weary correlation theories knowledge to overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage deep understanding and grasp.At present both at home and abroad in drilling process
Overflow, well kick, blowout, the knowledge of leakage be only to carry out theory explaination, lack related simulation teching experimental method, Xue Shengli
Solution is not deep enough.
Chinese patent literature number is 102418509A, is disclosed《In a kind of managed pressure drilling studio pilot system and
Method》, the laboratory test to managed pressure drilling choke manifold and acquisition control system can be completed.Pilot system includes drilling well
Ground injection simulation system, drill string simulation system, stratum simulation system, annular space simulation system and control pressure back pressure system.Examination
Check system can simulate vertical pressure, casing pressure, bottom pressure, drill string and annular pressure loss and the circulation in drilling process, order
The various situations of root, leakage and well kick.The problem of it is present is to be not dedicated to the simulation such as overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage,
So, it can not understand student that overflow, well kick, blowout, leakage etc. play very good effect.
The content of the invention
There is provided stratum in one kind simulation drilling process aiming at the drawbacks described above that prior art is present for the purpose of the present invention
Fluid overflow and the experimental method of leakage, by the pass that the bottom pressure in pit shaft, formation fluid pressure are adjusted in experimentation
System, there is a clearly understanding to the overflow in drilling process, well kick, blowout and leakage.
The experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in a kind of simulation drilling process that the present invention is mentioned, including following step
Suddenly：
First, experimental facilities is assembled, the experimental facilities includes organic glass inner tube（1）, lucite outer tube（2）, it is interior
Electric rotating machine（3）, drilling fluid measuring pump（7）, drilling fluid holding vessel（8）, gas flowmeter（16）, air compressor（17）, gas
Liquid mixer（18）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, gas-liquid separator（25）, computer
（26）, described lucite inner tube（1）, lucite outer tube（2）Constitute Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top of Germicidal efficacy pipeline
Portion and bottom are connected to drilling fluid holding vessel by pipeline respectively（8）With stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, form multiple follow
Endless tube road；
Secondly, drilling fluid direct circulation experimental method is drilling fluid from drilling fluid holding vessel（8）Middle outflow, is measured through drilling fluid
Pump（7）, flowmeter（6）, pressure gauge（5）, the 3rd pressure-control valve（12）, second pressure control valve（11）, vertical-fracture meter（14）, lead to
Piping enters pit shaft, then through interior electric rotating machine（3）, ball-and-seat（4）, lucite inner tube（1）, pipe ring inside and outside lucite
Sky outflow pit shaft, then through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline, gas-liquid separator（25）, valve, pipeline enter
Enter drilling fluid holding vessel（8）；
3rd, gas overflow process protocol is to maintain drilling fluid direct circulation, opens air compressor（17）, adjustment pressure
Force control valve（29）Size, observes gas line pressure table（15）, more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, gas
Body is through air and liquid mixer（18）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, gas overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixture fluid
Through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, after separation, gas is directly discharged
Into air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid holding vessel through return line；
4th, stratum liquid phase fluid experimental method is to maintain drilling fluid normal circulation, closes the 5th pressure-control valve（29）,
Open stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, stratum liquid phase fluid measuring pump（28）, adjust the 6th pressure-control valve（30）Size,
Observe stratum liquid phase fluid loine pressure table（19）, more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, stratum liquid phase fluid
Through air and liquid mixer（18）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, stratum liquid phase fluid overflow is formed, then gas-liquid is mixed
Collaborate body through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, brill is flowed to through return line
Well liquid holding vessel（8）；
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, keeping gas line pressure table（15）More than bottom pressure table（23）'s
In the case of, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, it is possible to simulate gas overflow in the case of various inlet amount, well kick, blowout；
During the liquid phase fluid simulating overflow of stratum, formation fluid loine pressure table is being kept（19）More than bottom pressure table
（23）In the case of, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve（30）, it is possible to simulate the liquid phase in the case of different liquid phase flows are invaded and overflow
Stream, well kick, blowout.
It is preferred that, experimental facilities of the invention can realize that gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow is tested, and its method is to maintain drilling well
Liquid normal circulation, while opening the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, the 6th pressure-control valve（30）And be sized, observe gas phase stream
Gauge（16）, gas line pressure table（15）, liquid phase flowmeter（20）, formation fluid loine pressure table（19）, work as gas piping
Pressure gauge（15）, formation fluid loine pressure meter（19）Sum is more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, gas-liquid mix
Clutch（18）After mixing, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixed
Fluid is through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, after separation, gas is direct
It is discharged into air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid holding vessel through return line.
It is further preferred that during gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow, keeping gas line pressure table（15）,
Layer fluid loine pressure table（19）Sum is more than bottom pressure table（23）In the case of, keep the 5th pressure-control valve（29）No
Become, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve（30）；Or keeping gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid loine pressure table（19）
Sum is more than bottom pressure table（23）In the case of, keep the 6th pressure-control valve（30）It is constant, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve
（29）, overflow, well kick, blowout that can be in simulated formation fluid under different gas-liquid mixed ratio situations in the case of two kinds.
Still more preferably, experimental facilities can realize leakage simulated experiment, in leakage simulation process, keep drilling well
Liquid direct circulation, opens formation fluid holding vessel（21）, formation fluid measuring pump（28）, pressure size is adjusted, formation fluid is observed
Loine pressure table（19）, equal to bottom pressure table（36）When, open valve（35）, and circulation of drilling fluid loine pressure control valve
（23）, the 5th pressure-control valve（29）Tune up, at this moment drilling fluid will enter formation fluid phase fluid flow pipeline, form leakage.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：This method is simple to operation, can excite the enthusiasm of Students ' Learning, deepens student
To overflow, well kick, blowout, the understanding of leakage knowledge and grasp in drilling process.By effectively controlling bottom pressure, formation fluid
Relation between pressure, effectively simulates circulation of drilling fluid, gas overflow, liquid flooding, gas-liquid two-phase overflow, well kick, blowout, well
Leak seven kinds of operating modes.
Brief description of the drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the present invention；
In upper figure：Lucite inner tube 1, lucite outer tube 2, interior electric rotating machine 3, ball-and-seat 4, circulation of drilling fluid pipeline
Pressure gauge 5, drilling fluid flowing indicator 6, drilling fluid measuring pump 7, drilling fluid holding vessel 8, drilling fluid dyeing apparatus 9, vertical-fracture meter 14, gas
Body loine pressure meter 15, gas flowmeter 16, air compressor 17, air and liquid mixer 18, formation fluid loine pressure meter 19,
Laminar fluid flow gauge 20, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel 21, stratum liquid phase fluid dyeing apparatus 22, bottom pressure table 23, valve
24th, gas-liquid separator 25, computer 26, control rack 27, drilling fluid measuring pump 28, first pressure control valve 10, second pressure
Control valve 11, the 3rd pressure-control valve 12, the 4th pressure-control valve 13, the 5th pressure-control valve 29, the 6th pressure-control valve 30,
Casing pressure table 31.
Embodiment
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, the invention will be further described：
The experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in a kind of simulation drilling process that the present invention is mentioned, including following step
Suddenly：
First, experimental facilities is assembled, the experimental facilities includes organic glass inner tube 1, lucite outer tube 2, interior rotation
Motor 3, drilling fluid measuring pump 7, drilling fluid holding vessel 8, gas flowmeter 16, air compressor 17, air and liquid mixer 18, stratum
Flow measuring apparatus 20, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel 21, gas-liquid separator 25, computer 26, described lucite inner tube 1,
Lucite outer tube 2 constitutes Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top and bottom of Germicidal efficacy pipeline are connected to brill by pipeline respectively
Well liquid holding vessel 8 and stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel 21, form multiple circulation lines；
Secondly, drilling fluid direct circulation experimental method is that drilling fluid flows out from drilling fluid holding vessel 8, through drilling fluid measuring pump
7th, flowmeter 6, pressure gauge 5, the 3rd pressure-control valve 12, second pressure control valve 11, vertical-fracture meter 14, enter well by pipeline
Cylinder, then flows out pit shaft through interior electric rotating machine 3, ball-and-seat 4, lucite inner tube 1, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space, then through set
Press table 31, the 4th pressure-control valve 13, pipeline, gas-liquid separator 25, valve, pipeline enter drilling fluid holding vessel 8；
3rd, gas overflow process protocol is to maintain drilling fluid direct circulation, opens air compressor 17, adjusts pressure
The size of control valve 29, observation gas line pressure table 15 during more than bottom pressure table 23, opens valve 24, gas is mixed through gas-liquid
Clutch 18, by pipeline enter lucite inner and outer pipes annular space, formed gas overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid through casing pressure table 31,
4th pressure-control valve 13, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator 25, and after separation, gas is directly discharged in air, and liquid phase is passed through back
Flow tube road flows to drilling fluid holding vessel；
4th, stratum liquid phase fluid experimental method is to maintain drilling fluid normal circulation, closes the 5th pressure-control valve 29, beats
Turn up the soil a layer liquid phase fluid holding vessel 21, stratum liquid phase fluid measuring pump 28, adjust the size of the 6th pressure-control valve 30, observe stratum
Liquid phase fluid loine pressure table 19, during more than bottom pressure table 23, opens valve 24, stratum liquid phase fluid is through air and liquid mixer
18, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, stratum liquid phase fluid overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table
31st, the 4th pressure-control valve 13, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator 25, and drilling fluid holding vessel 8 is flowed to through return line；
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, in the situation for keeping gas line pressure table 15 to be more than bottom pressure table 23
Under, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve 29, it is possible to simulate gas overflow in the case of various inlet amount, well kick, blowout；
During the liquid phase fluid simulating overflow of stratum, it is more than bottom pressure table 23 keeping formation fluid loine pressure table 19
In the case of, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve 30, it is possible to simulate liquid phase overflow in the case of the intrusion of different liquid phase flows, well
Gush, blowout.
It is preferred that, experimental facilities of the invention can realize that gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow is tested, and its method is to maintain drilling well
Liquid normal circulation, while opening the 5th pressure-control valve 29, the 6th pressure-control valve 30 and being sized, observes gas phase flow rate meter
16th, gas line pressure table 15, liquid phase flowmeter 20, formation fluid loine pressure table 19, when gas line pressure table 15, stratum
When the sum of fluid circuit pressure gauge 19 is more than bottom pressure table 23, valve 24 is opened, after air and liquid mixer 18 is mixed, is entered by pipeline
Enter lucite inner and outer pipes annular space, form gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table 31, the 4th pressure
Control valve 13, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator 25, and after separation, gas is directly discharged in air, and liquid phase is through return line stream
To drilling fluid holding vessel.
It is further preferred that during gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow, keeping gas line pressure table 15, stratum
In the case that the sum of fluid circuit pressure gauge 19 is more than bottom pressure table 23, keep the 5th pressure-control valve 29 constant, tune up the
Six pressure-control valves 30；Or keeping gas line pressure table 15, the sum of formation fluid loine pressure table 19 to be pressed more than shaft bottom
In the case of power table 23, keep the 6th pressure-control valve 30 constant, tuning up can in the case of the 5th pressure-control valve 29, two kinds
Overflow, well kick, blowout in simulated formation fluid under different gas-liquid mixed ratio situations.
Still more preferably, experimental facilities can realize leakage simulated experiment, in leakage simulation process, keep drilling well
Liquid direct circulation, opens formation fluid holding vessel 21, formation fluid measuring pump 28, adjusts pressure size, observes formation fluid pipeline
Pressure gauge 19, during equal to bottom pressure table 36, opens valve 35, and circulation of drilling fluid loine pressure control valve the 23, the 5th is pressed
Force control valve 29 is tuned up, and at this moment drilling fluid will enter formation fluid phase fluid flow pipeline, form leakage.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of experimental method for simulating formation fluid overflow and leakage in drilling process, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
First, experimental facilities is assembled, the experimental facilities includes organic glass inner tube（1）, lucite outer tube（2）, interior rotation
Motor（3）, drilling fluid measuring pump（7）, drilling fluid holding vessel（8）, gas flowmeter（16）, air compressor（17）, gas-liquid mix
Clutch（18）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, gas-liquid separator（25）, computer（26）,
Described lucite inner tube（1）, lucite outer tube（2）Constitute Germicidal efficacy pipeline, and the top of Germicidal efficacy pipeline and
Bottom is connected to drilling fluid holding vessel by pipeline respectively（8）With stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, form multiple circulation pipes
Road；
Secondly, drilling fluid direct circulation experimental method is drilling fluid from drilling fluid holding vessel（8）Middle outflow, through drilling fluid measuring pump
（7）, drilling fluid flowing indicator（6）, circulation of drilling fluid loine pressure meter（5）, the 3rd pressure-control valve（12）, second pressure control valve
（11）, vertical-fracture meter（14）, pit shaft is entered by pipeline, then through interior electric rotating machine（3）, ball-and-seat（4）, lucite inner tube
（1）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space outflow pit shaft, then through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline, gas-liquid point
From device（25）, return line enter drilling fluid holding vessel（8）；
3rd, gas overflow process protocol is to maintain drilling fluid direct circulation, opens air compressor（17）, the pressure of adjustment the 5th
Force control valve（29）Size, observes gas line pressure table（15）, more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, gas
Body is through air and liquid mixer（18）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, gas overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixture fluid
Through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, after separation, gas is directly discharged
Into air, liquid phase flows to drilling fluid holding vessel through return line；
4th, stratum liquid phase fluid experimental method is to maintain drilling fluid normal circulation, closes the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, open
Stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, stratum liquid phase fluid measuring pump（28）, adjust the 6th pressure-control valve（30）Size, observation
Formation fluid loine pressure table（19）, more than bottom pressure table（23）When, open valve（24）, stratum liquid phase fluid is mixed through gas-liquid
Clutch（18）, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space is entered by pipeline, stratum liquid phase fluid overflow is formed, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is passed through
Casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas-liquid separator（25）, drilling fluid storage is flowed to through return line
Tank（8）；
5th, in gas overflow simulation process, keeping gas line pressure table（15）More than bottom pressure table（23）Situation
Under, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, it is possible to simulate gas overflow in the case of various inlet amount, well kick, blowout；
During the liquid phase fluid simulating overflow of stratum, formation fluid loine pressure table is being kept（19）More than bottom pressure table（23）
In the case of, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve（30）, it is possible to simulate liquid phase overflow in the case of the intrusion of different liquid phase flows, well
Gush, blowout；
In described experimental facilities, lucite inner tube（1）Top and ball-and-seat（4）, interior electric rotating machine（3）Connection, can be with mould
Intend drill string rotating；Drilling fluid dyeing apparatus is sequentially connected with pipeline（9）, drilling fluid holding vessel（8）, drilling fluid measuring pump（7）, bore
Well liquid flowmeter（6）, circulation of drilling fluid loine pressure meter（5）With interior electric rotating machine（3）；
Stratum liquid phase fluid dyeing apparatus is sequentially connected with pipeline（22）, stratum liquid phase fluid holding vessel（21）, stratum liquid phase stream
Body measuring pump（28）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, formation fluid loine pressure meter（19）, gas-liquid two-phase blender（18）；With
Pipeline is sequentially connected the gas compressor with holding vessel（17）, gas flowmeter（16）, gas line pressure meter（15）, gas-liquid
Two-phase mixtures device（18）；Gas-liquid two-phase blender（18）With lucite outer tube（2）Bottom is connected；Gas-liquid separator（25）It is upper
The organic outer glass tube of end connection（2）Top, bottom is connected to drilling fluid holding vessel（8）.
2. the experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：
Described experimental facilities can realize that gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow is tested, and its method is to maintain drilling fluid normal circulation, beaten simultaneously
Drive the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, the 6th pressure-control valve（30）, and adjust the 5th pressure-control valve（29）With the 6th pressure control
Valve processed（30）Size, observe gas flowmeter（16）, gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid flowmeter（20）, stratum
Fluid circuit pressure gauge（19）, when gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid loine pressure meter（19）Sum is pressed more than shaft bottom
Power table（23）When, open valve（24）, air and liquid mixer（18）After mixing, lucite inner and outer pipes annular space, shape are entered by pipeline
Into gas-liquid two-phase fluid overflow, then gas-liquid mixture fluid is through casing pressure table（31）, the 4th pressure-control valve（13）, pipeline enter gas
Liquid/gas separator（25）, after separation, gas is directly discharged in air, and liquid phase flows to drilling fluid holding vessel through return line.
3. the experimental method of formation fluid overflow and leakage in simulation drilling process according to claim 2, it is characterized in that：
During gas-liquid two-phase fluid simulating overflow, gas line pressure table is being kept（15）, formation fluid loine pressure table（19）
Sum is more than bottom pressure table（23）In the case of, keep the 5th pressure-control valve（29）It is constant, tune up the 6th pressure-control valve
（30）；Or keeping gas line pressure table（15）, formation fluid loine pressure table（19）Sum is more than bottom pressure table
（23）In the case of, keep the 6th pressure-control valve（30）It is constant, tune up the 5th pressure-control valve（29）, all may be used in the case of two kinds
With the overflow under different gas-liquid mixed ratio situations in simulated formation fluid, well kick, blowout.
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| CN110146424B (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2021-02-02 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Device and method for simulating stratum respiration effect |
| CN112576936A (en) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-03-30 | 上海睿耳海洋工程技术有限公司 | Test system and method for simulating leakage of high-pressure pipeline |
| CN111028648A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-17 | 中海石油(中国)有限公司 | Deep water drilling deep gas invasion simulation test system and method |
| CN114541991B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-12-26 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Drilling overflow experiment simulation device |
| CN115219321B (en) * | 2022-07-28 | 2023-04-18 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for testing wellbore pressure under jet leakage coexistence working condition |
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