CN104885333A - Smart RF lensing: efficient, dynamic and mobile wireless power transfer - Google Patents
Smart RF lensing: efficient, dynamic and mobile wireless power transfer Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885333A CN104885333A CN201380069301.3A CN201380069301A CN104885333A CN 104885333 A CN104885333 A CN 104885333A CN 201380069301 A CN201380069301 A CN 201380069301A CN 104885333 A CN104885333 A CN 104885333A
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- radiant body
- equipment
- lens
- radiant
- electromagnetic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array
- H01Q21/225—Finite focus antenna arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/20—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J50/23—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using microwaves or radio frequency waves characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/40—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices
- H02J50/402—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using two or more transmitting or receiving devices the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/80—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
An RF lens includes a multitude of radiators adapted to transmit radio frequency electromagnetic EM waves whose phases are modulated so as to concentrate the radiated power in a small volume of space in order to power an electronic device positioned in that space. Accordingly, the waves emitted by the radiators are caused to interfere constructively at that space. The multitude of radiators are optionally formed in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the radiators have the same frequency but variable amplitudes.
Description
The cross reference of related application
This application claims on November 9th, 2012 submit to be entitled as " the transparent effect of intelligent RF: efficient, dynamically and mobile wireless power delivery (Smart RF Lensing:Efficient; Dynamic AndMobile Wireless Power Transfer) " U.S. Provisional Patent Application number 61/724,638 according to the rights and interests of United States code the 35th article 119 articles, and its content is all incorporated to herein by reference.
Background of invention
The application relates to radio communication, and relates more specifically to wireless power transfer.
Background of invention
For giving the electric energy of power electronic equipment mainly from there being line source.Traditional wireless power transfer depends on the magnetic induction effect of placing each other between two very close coils.In order to increase its efficiency, coil dimension is selected as the electromagnetic wavelength being less than institute's radiation.The power transmitted increases along with the distance between source and charging device and reduces tempestuously.
Invention summary
RF lens component ground according to an embodiment of the invention comprises a large amount of radiant body, and it is suitable for radiated electromagnetic wave to power to the equipment away from RF lens position.Each in a large amount of radiant body operates with same frequency.Be selected as representing the distance between this radiant body and equipment by the electromagnetic phase place of each radiant body radiation in a large amount of radiant body.
In one embodiment, a large amount of radiant body is formed in array.In one embodiment, array is one-dimensional array.In another embodiment, array is two-dimensional array.In one embodiment, be variable by the electromagnetic amplitude of radiant body radiation.In one embodiment, each radiant body in a large amount of radiant body partly comprises Variable delay element, control circuit, amplifier and antenna, wherein control circuit be suitable for by by the electromagnetic phase place of radiant body radiation or Frequency Locking to the phase place of reference signal or frequency.
In one embodiment, a large amount of radiant body is formed in the first radiant body watt (tile), and this first radiant body watt is suitable for the second radiant body watt being placed with another a large amount of radiant body accommodated therein.In one embodiment, RF lens are further adapted for the position of tracing equipment.In one embodiment, each in the first subset of radiant body comprises circuit, for receiving the electromagnetic wave sent by equipment, thus enables RF lens determine the position of equipment according to the electromagnetic phase place that the first subset by radiant body receives.
In one embodiment, each at least the first subset of radiant body comprises circuit, for receiving the electromagnetic wave that sent by equipment, thus enable RF lens according to the electromagnetic wave propagation time of each radiant body in the first subset from equipment to radiant body and the position determining equipment from the response electromagnetic wave propagation time that RF lens are sent to equipment.In one embodiment, RF lens forming is in semiconductor substrate.
Partly comprise to according to one embodiment of present invention the method for equipment wireless power, from a large amount of radiant body, a large amount of electromagnetic waves with same frequency are sent to equipment; The phase place of each radiant body in a large amount of radiant body is selected according to the distance between radiant body and equipment; And use the electromagnetic wave received by equipment to equipment charge.
In one embodiment, method partly comprises further, forms radiant body in an array.In one embodiment, radiant body is formed in one-dimensional array.In another embodiment, radiant body is formed in two-dimensional array.In one embodiment, method partly comprises further, changes by the electromagnetic amplitude of each radiant body institute radiation.
In one embodiment, each radiant body partly comprises, and Variable delay element, controls lock-in circuit, amplifier and antenna, wherein control lock-in circuit be suitable for by by the electromagnetic phase place of radiant body radiation or Frequency Locking to the phase place of reference signal or frequency.In one embodiment, radiant body is formed in the first radiant body watt, and this first radiant body watt is suitable for the second radiant body watt being placed with another a large amount of radiant body accommodated therein.
In one embodiment, method partly comprises further, the position of tracing equipment.In one embodiment, method partly comprises further, according to sent by equipment and by each the received electromagnetic relative phase at least one subset of radiant body, determine the position of equipment.In one embodiment, method partly comprises further, according to sent by equipment and by each the received electromagnetic wave propagation time at least one subset of radiant body, and further according to the response electromagnetic wave propagation time being sent to equipment from RF lens, determine the position of equipment.In one embodiment, method partly comprises further, forms RF lens in semiconductor substrate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, forms the one-dimensional array of the radiant body of RF lens.
Fig. 2 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, by the end view of power wireless delivery to the RF lens of Fig. 1 of the equipment of first position.
Fig. 3 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, by the end view of power wireless delivery to the RF lens of Fig. 1 of the equipment of second position.
Fig. 4 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, by the end view of power wireless delivery to the RF lens of Fig. 1 of the equipment of the 3rd position.
Fig. 5 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, forms the two-dimensional array of the radiant body of RF lens.
Fig. 6 A is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is placed on the simplified block diagram of the radiant body in RF lens.
Fig. 6 B is according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is placed on the simplified block diagram of the radiant body in RF lens.
Fig. 7 illustrates according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is suitable for by some electronic units of the equipment of wireless charging.
Fig. 8 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to the schematic diagram of the RF lens of equipment wireless charging.
Fig. 9 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to the schematic diagram of the RF lens of wireless charging while of a pair equipment.
Figure 10 is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, to the schematic diagram of the RF lens that a pair mobile device and permanent plant charge simultaneously.
Figure 11 A illustrates according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the computer simulation of the electromagnetic field profile of one dimension RF lens.
Figure 11 B is the rough schematic view of the RF lens of electromagnetic field profile for generating Figure 11 A.
Figure 12 illustrates that the variable in the computer simulation electromagnetic field profile generated by the RF lens of Figure 11 B is the function of the spacing between the radiant body of wherein placed every phase adjacency pair.
Figure 13 A is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, RF lens and use-15dB to the illustrative computer analog electromagnetic field profile of 0dB scale.
Figure 13 B illustrates the computer simulation electromagnetic field profile of Figure 13 A using-45dB to 0dB scale.
Figure 14 A is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the RF lens of Figure 13 A and use-15dB to the illustrative computer analog electromagnetic field profile of 0dB scale.
Figure 14 B illustrates according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, uses-45dB to the computer simulation electromagnetic field profile of Figure 14 A of 0dB scale.
Figure 15 A is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, RF lens and use-15dB to the illustrative computer analog electromagnetic field profile of 0dB scale.
Figure 15 B illustrates according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, uses-45dB to the computer simulation electromagnetic field profile of Figure 15 A of 0dB scale.
Figure 16 A is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, uses-15dB to the illustrative computer analog electromagnetic field profile of the RF lens of Figure 15 A of 0dB scale.
Figure 16 B is according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, uses-45dB to the computer simulation electromagnetic field profile of Figure 16 A of 0dB scale.
Figure 17 A illustrates according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is wherein placed with the exemplary radiation body watt of four radiant bodies.
Figure 17 B illustrates according to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, uses a large amount of radiant bodies of Figure 17 A watt and the RF lens that formed.
Figure 18 is according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is placed on the simplified block diagram of the radiant body in RF lens.
Figure 19 illustrates according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, is placed on some electronic units be suitable for by the equipment of wireless charging.
Figure 20 illustrates according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, uses the RF lens of the signal tracing equipment sent by equipment.
Figure 21 illustrates according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, transmits power to the RF lens of equipment when there is a large amount of scatterer.
Figure 22 A illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, uses the RF lens formed with a large amount of radiant body of circular arrangement.
Figure 22 B illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, uses the RF lens formed with a large amount of radiant body of ellipse layout.
Embodiment
RF lens according to an embodiment of the invention comprise a large amount of radiant body, it is suitable for sending radio-frequency electromagnetic EM ripple (being referred to as EM ripple or ripple alternatively hereinafter), its phase place and amplitude is modulated (is referred to as accumulation point or target area alternatively hereinafter), to the power electronic equipment being arranged in this space to make radiant power concentrate in little spatial volume.Therefore, cause the ripple launched by radiant body by accumulation point constructive interference.Although the description below provided is that following examples of the present invention can be used for the information of any other type of wireless transmission with reference to wireless power transfer.
Fig. 1 illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, formed RF lens, a large amount of radiant bodies be arranged in array 100.Array 100 is shown as and comprises N number of radiant body 10
1, 10
2, 10
310
n-1, 10
n, be wherein eachly suitable for radiation EM ripple, this EM wave amplitude and phase place can be independently controlled so that in the constructive interference of the EM ripple by being caused radiation by the accumulation point place of locating by the equipment that charges, wherein N be greater than 1 integer.Fig. 2 have selected by radiant body 10 for working as
ithe relative phase of ripple that (i is the integer from 1 to N change) generates, occur in make the constructive interference between ripple wherein just carry out wireless charging equipment by the adjacent domain 102 of locating, that is, the end view of the array 100 during accumulation point.Region 102 is shown as the center 104 approximately distance d be positioned at from array 100
1place.Distance between array center and accumulation point is called focal length alternatively herein.Although the following description of RF lens is provided as the reference of one dimension to radiant body or two-dimensional array, but should be understood that, RF lens according to the present invention can have any other layout of radiant body, the circular arrangement 1000 of all radiant bodies 202 as shown in FIG. 22 A, or the ellipse of the radiant body 202 shown in Figure 22 B arranges 1010.
As shown in Figure 2, assuming that each radiant body 10
ibe positioned at the distance y at the center 104 from array 100
iplace.Assuming that respectively by A
iplace and θ
irepresent by radiant body 10
ithe wave amplitude of radiation and phase place.Further supposition is represented just by the wavelength of the ripple of radiation by λ.In order to make by the middle constructive interference in region 102 (that is, expecting accumulation point) of the ripple of radiant body radiation, in various phase theta
iwith distance y
ibetween meet following relation:
Due to can the phase place of control RF signal exactly, therefore can according to the present invention the power from the radiation of multiple sources is gathered in by by the equipment of wireless charging by the target area of locating.In addition, along with equipment moves from its initial position, the tracking of dynamic phasing control realization equipment.Such as, as shown in Figure 3, if equipment moves into place along focal plane in the central point 104 from array apart from d
2different positions, then be also positioned at distance d in order to ensure target area
2place, can regulate the phase place in source according to following relation:
With reference to figure 4, if equipment moving is to the diverse location place (such as, to along the difference place of y-axis) away from focal plane, then as described by below, can dynamically regulate the phase place of radiant body, to follow the trail of and to safeguard the target area be gathered on equipment.Parameter y
cthe reposition of indication equipment from the y vector (that is, perpendicular to y-axis and by the plane at the center 104 of array 100) of the focal plane of array, as shown in Figure 4.
By the array span shown in the wavelength X of the ripple by radiant body radiation, Fig. 1 or array aperture A and focal length are defined transmitted quantity of power, i.e. (λ F/A).
In one embodiment, the distance between often pair of radiant body is by the magnitude of the wavelength of the signal of radiation.Such as, if the wave frequency of institute's radiation is 2.4GHz (that is, wavelength is 12.5cm), then the distance between every two radiant bodies can be a few tenths of to tens wavelength, and this can according to application change.
Wireless transmitted power near field and far-field region is used for according to RF lens operation of the present invention.In the optical domain, near-field region is referred to as Fresnel region and is defined as the region that its mid-focal length is the magnitude of aperture size.In the optical domain, far-field region is referred to as fraunhofer region and is defined as its mid-focal length (F) and is roughly greater than (2A
2/ λ) region.
In order to power is wirelessly transmitted to equipment, according to the present invention, selective radiation phase place, so that the difference considering in the distance between impact point and radiant body.Such as, assuming that focal length d in Fig. 2
1for the magnitude of aperture size A.Therefore, due to distance S
1, S
2, S
3s
ndifferent from each other, so change radiant body 10
1, 10
2, 10
310
nrespective phase θ
1, θ
2, θ
3θ
n, to meet expression formula (1) described above.Due to diffraction limited length, therefore the size (being approximately λ F/A) of the focus in such region is relatively little.
Radiant body array according to the present invention also operates and is greater than (2A for power being wirelessly transmitted to its mid-focal length
2/ λ) far-field region in target device.For such region, assuming that be identical from different array element to the distance of focal beam spot.Therefore, for such region, S
1=S
2=S
3..=S
n, and θ
1=θ
2=θ
3=θ
n.Relatively large and the wireless charging be therefore more suitable for for larger apparatus of the size of the accumulation point in such region.
Fig. 5 illustrates RF lens 200 according to another embodiment of the invention.RF lens 200 are shown as the radiant body 202 comprising the two-dimensional array arranged along row and column
i,j.Although RF lens 200 are shown as 121 radiant bodies 202 comprising and placing along 11 row and 11 row
i,j(integer i and j is the subscript from 1 to 11 changes), but it being understood that RF lens according to an embodiment of the invention can have the radiant body of any number that capable along U of V row are placed, wherein U and V be greater than 1 integer.In the following description, radiant body 202
i,jintensively or individually can be referred to as radiant body 202.
As below further describe, array radiators is locked into reference frequency, and it can be the subharmonic (n=1,2,3...) of radiation frequency, or under the frequency identical with radiation frequency.Be independently controlled by the phase place of the ripple of each radiant body radiation, to make the enough constructive interferences of the wave energy of institute's radiation and by the target area in any region of their power concentration in space.
Fig. 6 A is according to one embodiment of present invention, is placed on the simplified block diagram of the radiant body 202 in RF lens 200.As shown, radiant body 202 is shown as part and comprises programmable delay element (being also referred to as phase-modulator herein) 210, phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212, power amplifier 214, and antenna 216.Programmable delay element 210 is suitable for making signal W
2time delay, to generate signal W
3.Signal W is determined according to the control signal Ctrl being applied to delay cell
2and W
3between time delay.In one embodiment, phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212 Received signal strength W
1and there is frequency F
refreference clock signal, to generate signal W
2, its frequency is locked into reference frequency F
ref.In another embodiment, the signal W generated by phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212
2can have by multiple reference frequency F
refthe frequency of definition.Signal W
3amplified by power amplifier 214 and sent by antenna 216.Therefore also as mentioned above, change by the phase place of the signal of each radiant body 202 radiation by the association programmable delay element 210 be placed in radiant body.
Fig. 6 B is according to another embodiment of the invention, is placed on the simplified block diagram of the radiant body 202 in RF lens 200.As shown, radiant body 202 is shown as part and comprises programmable delay element 210, phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212, power amplifier 214, and antenna 216.Programmable delay element 210 is suitable for making reference signal F
reftime delay, thus generate time delay reference clock signal F
ref_Delay.Signal F is determined according to the control signal Ctrl being applied to delay cell 210
refand F
ref_Delaybetween time delay.The signal W generated by phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212
2can have frequency, it is locked into signal F
ref_Delayfrequency or signal F
ref_Delaymultiple frequencies.(not shown) in one embodiment, delay cell is placed on the part also for phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212 in phase-locked loop/frequency-locked loop 212.(not shown) in another embodiment, radiant body can not have amplifier.
Fig. 7 illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, is suitable for some parts of the equipment 300 of wireless charging.Equipment 300 is shown as part and comprises antenna 302, rectifier 304, and adjuster 306.Antenna 302 receives by the electromagnetic wave of radiant body radiation according to the present invention.It is DC power that rectifier 304 is suitable for received AC power transfer.Adjuster 306 is suitable for regulating the voltage signal received from rectifier 304, and regulated voltage is applied to equipment.In one embodiment, if the aperture area of receiver antenna is comparable to the size of the target area of electromagnetic field, then obtain high power transmission efficiency.Because most of radiant power concentrates in the little volume forming target area, therefore this kind of receiver antenna be optimised for guaranteeing that most of radiant power is for being equipment charge.In one embodiment, the parts by being required for wireless charging carry out outside renovation to equipment.In another embodiment, be present in the available circuit in charging device, such as antenna, receiver etc. can be used for utilizing power.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the RF lens 200 to equipment 300 wireless charging.In certain embodiments, RF lens 200 are simultaneously to multiple equipment wireless charging.Fig. 9 illustrates that RF lens 200 charge to equipment 310 simultaneously, and the focus wave that 315 use similar or different strength.Figure 10 illustrates that RF lens 200 are to being assumed to be at indoor mobile device 320,325 and permanent plant 330 wireless charging.
Figure 11 A illustrates the computer simulation field profile generated at RF lens 2 meters of that distance has a collection of 11 isotropic radiators by one dimension RF lens.Be three different frequencies, namely 200MHz (wavelength 150cm), 800MHz (wavelength 37.5cm) and 2400MHz (wavelength 12.50cm) generate beam profile.Due to supposition RF lens often pair of adjacent radiation body between distance be 20cm, therefore RF lens have the aperture of 2m.Therefore, wavelength is the aperture size of radiant body and the magnitude of focal length.Figure 11 B has 11 radiant bodies 505 being spaced 20cm
kthe rough schematic view of RF lens 500, wherein K is the integer from 1 to 11 changes.
Drawing 510,520 and 530 is respectively the relative phase when have selected various radiant body, to illustrate from radiant body 505 according to above expression formula (1)
kin each to away from radiant body 505
6the computer simulation of 200MHz, 800MHz during the path difference of the point of 2 meters and the electromagnetic field profile by 2400 signals of radiant body 500 radiation.Each in these profiles, diffraction-limited focus is of a size of the magnitude of the wavelength of radiation signal.When by radiant body 505
kphase place when being set to be equal to each other, drawing 515,525 and 535 is respectively the computer simulation at the electromagnetic field profile away from radiant body array distance 2 meters of of 200MHz, 800MHz and 2400 signals.
As found out from these profiles, for the larger wavelength (that is, drawing 510,515) with 200MHz frequency, owing to not being different in essence from independent radiant body to the path difference of accumulation point, therefore relatively ignore the difference between profile 510 and 515.But each in 800MHz and 2400MHz frequency, when have selected the relative phase of various radiant body to consider from radiant body 505
kduring to the path difference of accumulation point, EM restriction (focusing) is significantly more than when being set to be equal to each other by radiant body phase place.Although be supplied to the reference of above example to the frequency of operation of 200MHz, 800MHz and 2400MHz, it being understood that embodiments of the invention can be used for any other frequency of operation, such as 5.8GHz, 10GHz and 24GHz.
Figure 12 illustrates that the variable of the computer simulation field profile generated in 2 meters of distances away from RF lens by RF lens 500 is the function of the spacing between the radiant body of every phase adjacency pair.Assuming that RF lens operate under 2400MHz frequency.Drawing 610,620 and 630 is selecting the relative phase of various radiant body to illustrate from various radiant body 505 according to above expression formula (1)
kafter the path difference away from the point at RF lens 2 place, the computer simulation of the field profile that the radiant body spacing being respectively 5cm, 10cm and 20cm generates.Drawing 615,625 and 650 for being respectively the computer simulation of the field profiles of the radiant body spacing generation of 5cm, 10cm and 20cm, wherein supposing that all radiant bodies be placed in RF lens 500 have same phase.As found out from these drawing, the distance between radiant body increases, thus when causing larger aperture size, EM restriction also increases, thus causes less accumulation point.
Figure 13 A is RF lens away from the computer simulation of EM profile of RF lens 3 meters of distances of Hertz dipole being wherein placed with two-dimensional array, and this Hertz dipole operates with the frequency of 900MHz, all RF lens 200 as shown in Figure 5.Assuming that the spacing between dipole radiators is 30cm.The relative phase of selective radiation, so that the path difference considering from radiant body to the focus be assumed that away from RF lens 3 meters of distances.In other words, the relative phase of radiant body is selected as the focal length being supplied to about 3 meters of RF lens.For generating the scale of Figure 13 A for-15dB to 0dB.Figure 13 B illustrates the EM profile of Figure 13 A using-45dB to 0dB scale.
Figure 14 A is the computer simulation of RF lens at the EM profile of the 2 meters of distances (namely away from RF lens 5 meters of) away from focus of Figure 13 A/13B.As shown in from Figure 14 A, radiant power is dispersed in be compared on larger region with those shown in Figure 13 B with Figure 13 A.For generating the scale of Figure 14 A for-15dB to 0dB.Figure 14 B illustrates the EM profile of Figure 14 A using-45dB to 0dB scale.
Figure 15 A is RF lens away from the computer simulation of EM profile of RF lens 3 meters of distances of Hertz dipole being wherein placed with two-dimensional array, and this Hertz dipole operates with the frequency of 900MHz.Assuming that the spacing between dipole radiators is 30cm.The relative phase of selective radiation, to consider from radiant body to the path difference be assumed that away from RF lens 3 meters of distances and the focus in the skew of the focal plane 1.5cm from RF lens, that is, accumulation point has the y coordinate (with reference to figure 4) of focal plane 1.5 meters.For generating the scale of Figure 15 A for-15dB to 0dB.Figure 15 B illustrates the EM profile of Figure 15 A using-45dB to 0dB scale.
Figure 16 A is the computer simulation of RF lens at the EM profile of the 2 meters of distances (namely away from x-y plane 5 meters of of RF lens) away from focus of Figure 15 A/15B.As shown in from Figure 16 A, radiant power is dispersed on region larger compared with that shown in Figure 15 A.For generating the scale of Figure 16 A for-15dB to 0dB.Figure 16 B illustrates the EM profile of Figure 16 A using-45dB to 0dB scale.EM profile shown in Figure 13 A, Figure 13 B, Figure 14 A, Figure 14 B, Figure 15 A, Figure 15 B, Figure 16 A, Figure 16 B illustrates according to the versatility in RF lens of the present invention any arbitrfary point place focus power in the 3 d space.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the size forming the array of RF lens is configurable and by using radiant body watt to change, and each in this radiant body watt comprises one or more radiant body.Figure 17 A illustrates and is wherein placed with four radiant bodies 15
11, 15
12, 15
21with 15
22the example of radiant body watts 700.Although radiant body watts 700 is shown as comprise four radiant bodies, it being understood that according to an aspect of the present invention, radiant body watt can have and is less than (such as, one) or the radiant body more than (such as, 6) four.Figure 17 B illustrates use 7 radiant bodies watt (i.e. radiant body watts 700
11, 700
12, 700
13, 700
21, 700
22, 700
31, 700
31) initial formed and be provided with two radiant bodies watts 700
23with 700
33rF lens 800, each in this 7 radiant bodies watt is similar to the radiant body shown in Figure 17 A watts 700.Although not shown, it being understood that each radiant body watt comprises electrical connection, power is supplied to radiant body and if desired from radiant body delivery information by necessarily.In one embodiment, watt in formed radiant body be similar to the radiant body 202 shown in Fig. 6.
According to an aspect of the present invention, RF lens are suitable for the position of following the trail of mobile device, when changing position with convenient mobile device, continue charging process.In order to realize this object, in one embodiment, formed a subset of the radiant body of RF lens or all comprise receiver.Also comprised transmitter by the equipment charged, it is suitable for radiation continuous signal during tracking phase place.Relative different between the phase place (propagation time) being detected this signal by RF lens are formed at least three different receivers, follows the trail of the position of charging device.
Figure 18 is according to one embodiment of present invention, is placed on the simplified block diagram of the radiant body 902 in RF lens (all RF lens 200 as shown in Figure 5).Radiant body 902 is similar to the radiant body 202 shown in Fig. 6, and difference is that radiant body 902 has receiver amplifier and phase restoring circuit 218 and switch S
1.During power delivery, switch S
1via node A, antenna 216 is coupled to the power amplifier 214 be placed in transmit path.During following the trail of, switch S
1the phase restoring circuit 218 via Node B antenna 216 being coupled to receiver amplifier and being placed in RX path, to receive the signal sent by the equipment charged.
Figure 19 illustrates according to one embodiment of present invention, is suitable for some parts of the equipment 900 of wireless charging.Equipment 900 is similar to the equipment 300 shown in Fig. 7, and its difference is that equipment 900 has transmit amplifier 316 and switch S
2.During power delivery, switch S
2via node D, antenna 302 is coupled to the rectifier 304 be placed in RX path.During following the trail of, switch S
2via node C, antenna 302 is coupled to transmit amplifier 316, to realize the transmission of the signal used by RF lens subsequently, with the position of checkout equipment 300.Figure 20 illustrates the RF lens 200 carrying out tracing equipment 900 by receiving the signal sent by equipment 900.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the measuring technique based on pulse is used to the position of following the trail of mobile device.In order to realize this object, the one or more radiant bodies forming RF lens send pulse during tracking phase place.After received pulse, which response just tracked equipment transmission be have received by the radiant body placed in an array.Pulse is from RF lens to the propagation time of just tracked equipment and response impulse from just tracked equipment to the position representing just tracked equipment together with the propagation time of RF lens.Deposit in case at scattering object, such as the combination of maximum likelihood or least square, Kalman filtering, these technology etc. of this algorithm for estimating can be used to come the position of tracing equipment.WiFi and gps signal also can be used to determine the position with tracing equipment.
The existence of scatterer, reverberation and absorber can affect RF lens and beam be concentrated on effectively ability on the equipment carrying out wireless charging.Such as, Figure 21 to illustrate power delivery when having a large amount of scatterer 250 to the RF lens 950 of equipment 300.In order to make such impact minimize, amplitude and the phase place of the independent radiant body of array can be changed, with increasing power efficiency of transmission.Any one in multiple technology can be used for the amplitude or the phase place that change monomer radiant body.
According to this kind of technology, in order to make the impact of scattering minimize, send signal by the one or more radiant bodies be placed in RF lens.(see Figure 18) is received by scatterer scattering by radiant body from the signal of RF lens radiation.Contrary scattering algorithm is then for the scattering behavior of structural environment.Periodically can perform this kind of structure, so that any change that can occur in time to be described.According to another technology, a part of or whole radiant body array can be used for around electron beam scanning, with according to received wave structure scattering behavior.According to another technology, the equipment carrying out wireless charging is suitable for periodically the information of the power received about it being sent to radiant body.Then optimization algorithm uses received information so that scattering to be described, to make power transmission efficiency maximize.
In certain embodiments, the amplitude/phase of adjustable radiant body or the orientation of RF lens, to utilize the advantage of scattering medium.This enables scatterer have suitable phase place, amplitude and polarization, to be used as the secondary source of radiant body, this secondary source guides power into equipment, with increasing power efficiency of transmission.
Above embodiment of the present invention is illustrative and is not restrictive.Embodiments of the invention are not restricted to the quantity of the radiant body be placed in RF lens, are not also restricted to the dimension of the array for the formation of RF lens.Embodiments of the invention are not restricted to the type, its frequency of operation etc. of radiant body.Embodiments of the invention are not restricted to can by the type of the equipment of wireless charging.Embodiments of the invention are not restricted to the type of substrate, semiconductor, flexibility or wherein can form other modes of various parts of radiant body.In view of content of the present disclosure, other add, subduction or amendment are obvious and be considered to fall into and enclose in the scope of claim.
Claims (34)
1. RF lens, comprising:
More than first radiant body, it is suitable for radiated electromagnetic wave to power to the equipment away from described RF lens position, each radiant body in wherein said multiple radiant body operates with first frequency, is wherein selected as being determined by the distance between this radiant body and described equipment by the electromagnetic phase place of each radiant body radiation in described multiple radiant body.
2. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said more than first radiant body is formed in array.
3. RF lens according to claim 2, wherein said array is one-dimensional array.
4. RF lens according to claim 2, wherein said array is two-dimensional array.
5. RF lens according to claim 1 are wherein variable by the electromagnetic amplitude of each radiant body radiation in described more than first radiant body.
6. RF lens according to claim 1, each radiant body in wherein said more than first radiant body comprises:
Variable delay element; And
Antenna.
7. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said more than first radiant body is formed in the first radiant body watt, and described first radiant body watt is suitable for the second radiant body watt being placed with more than second radiant body accommodated therein.
8. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said RF lens are also suitable for the position of following the trail of described equipment.
9. RF lens according to claim 1, each radiant body at least the first subset of wherein said more than first radiant body comprises circuit, for receiving the electromagnetic wave that sent by described equipment, thus described RF lens are enable to determine the position of described equipment according to the electromagnetic phase place that each radiant body at least the first subset described in by described more than first radiant body receives.
10. RF lens according to claim 1, each radiant body at least the first subset of wherein said multiple radiant body comprises circuit, for receiving the electromagnetic wave that sent by described equipment, thus enable described RF lens according to the electromagnetic wave propagation time of each radiant body at least the first subset described in from described equipment to described more than first radiant body and the position determining described equipment from the response electromagnetic wave propagation time that described RF lens are sent to described equipment.
11. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said RF lens forming is in semiconductor substrate.
12. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said RF lens forming is in flexible base, board.
13. RF lens according to claim 1, the amplitude/phase of wherein said more than first radiant body is also selected as enabling to be powered to described equipment by the electromagnetic wave of object scattering.
14. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said RF lens also comprise:
More than second radiant body, it is suitable for radiated electromagnetic wave to power to the second equipment, each radiant body in wherein said more than second radiant body operates with the second frequency being different from described first frequency, is wherein selected as being determined by the distance between this radiant body and described second equipment by the electromagnetic phase place of each radiant body radiation in described more than second radiant body.
15. RF lens according to claim 1, also comprise control circuit, described control circuit be suitable for by by the electromagnetic phase place of each radiant body radiation in described more than first radiant body or Frequency Locking to the phase place of reference signal or frequency.
16. RF lens according to claim 1, wherein said RF lens are also suitable for tracking second equipment and power to described second equipment.
17. RF lens according to claim 1, first radiant body in wherein said more than first radiant body and the distance between second radiant body in described more than first radiant body are different from the distance between the 3rd radiant body in described more than first radiant body and the 4th radiant body in described more than first radiant body.
Give the method for equipment wireless power for 18. 1 kinds, described method comprises:
Multiple electromagnetic waves with first frequency are sent to described equipment from more than first radiant body;
According to the distance between each radiant body in described more than first radiant body and described equipment, select the phase place of this radiant body; And
The described multiple electromagnetic wave received by described equipment is used to power to described equipment.
19. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Form described more than first radiant body in an array.
20. methods according to claim 19, also comprise:
Described more than first radiant body is formed in one-dimensional array.
21. methods according to claim 19, also comprise:
Described more than first radiant body is formed in two-dimensional array.
22. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Change by the electromagnetic amplitude of each radiant body radiation in described more than first radiant body.
23. methods according to claim 18, each radiant body in wherein said multiple radiant body comprises:
Variable delay element; And
Antenna.
24. methods according to claim 18, wherein said more than first radiant body is formed in the first radiant body watt, and described first radiant body watt is suitable for the second radiant body watt being placed with more than second radiant body accommodated therein.
25. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Follow the trail of the position of described equipment.
26. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
According to sent by described equipment and the electromagnetic relative phase that received by each radiant body in the first subset of described more than first radiant body, determine the position of described equipment.
27. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
According to sent by described equipment and electromagnetic wave propagation time of being received by each radiant body in the first subset of described more than first radiant body, and also according to the response electromagnetic wave propagation time being sent to described equipment from described RF lens, determine the position of described equipment.
28. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Described more than first radiant body is formed in semiconductor substrate.
29. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Described more than first radiant body is formed in flexible base, board.
30. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Select the amplitude/phase of described more than first radiant body with enable to be sent by described more than first radiant body and powered to described equipment by the electromagnetic wave of object scattering.
31. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Send from described more than first radiant body described electromagnetic while, more than second electromagnetic wave with second frequency is sent to the second equipment from more than second radiant body;
The phase place of this radiant body is selected according to each radiant body in described more than second radiant body and the distance between described second equipment;
Described more than second electromagnetic wave is used to power to described second equipment.
32. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
By by the electromagnetic phase place of each radiant body radiation in described more than first radiant body or Frequency Locking to the phase place of reference signal or frequency.
33. methods according to claim 18, also comprise:
Use is followed the trail of the second equipment by the electromagnetic wave of described more than first radiant body radiation and is powered to described second equipment.
34. methods according to claim 18, first radiant body in wherein said more than first radiant body and the distance between second radiant body in described more than first radiant body are different from the distance between the 3rd radiant body in described more than first radiant body and the 4th radiant body in described more than first radiant body.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810343399.1A CN108390160B (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-12 | Smart RF lens effect: efficient, dynamic and mobile wireless power transfer |
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| US201261724638P | 2012-11-09 | 2012-11-09 | |
| US61/724,638 | 2012-11-09 | ||
| PCT/US2013/069757 WO2014075103A1 (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-12 | Smart rf lensing: efficient, dynamic and mobile wireless power transfer |
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| CN201810343399.1A Division CN108390160B (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-12 | Smart RF lens effect: efficient, dynamic and mobile wireless power transfer |
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| CN201810343399.1A Active CN108390160B (en) | 2012-11-09 | 2013-11-12 | Smart RF lens effect: efficient, dynamic and mobile wireless power transfer |
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| US (6) | US10367380B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2917998A4 (en) |
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Also Published As
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| US20140175893A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
| US20180233964A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| CN108390160A (en) | 2018-08-10 |
| US11502552B2 (en) | 2022-11-15 |
| EP2917998A4 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| US20150130293A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
| US10367380B2 (en) | 2019-07-30 |
| US11616401B2 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
| CN104885333B (en) | 2018-05-15 |
| CN108390160B (en) | 2021-04-27 |
| US20230238713A1 (en) | 2023-07-27 |
| US11616402B2 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
| EP2917998A1 (en) | 2015-09-16 |
| KR20150082450A (en) | 2015-07-15 |
| US20180226841A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| KR102225531B1 (en) | 2021-03-08 |
| US10320242B2 (en) | 2019-06-11 |
| US20180233963A1 (en) | 2018-08-16 |
| WO2014075103A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 |
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