CN104879159A - Gas permeability-increase extraction device and method for soft coal seam stoping face - Google Patents
Gas permeability-increase extraction device and method for soft coal seam stoping face Download PDFInfo
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- CN104879159A CN104879159A CN201510318014.2A CN201510318014A CN104879159A CN 104879159 A CN104879159 A CN 104879159A CN 201510318014 A CN201510318014 A CN 201510318014A CN 104879159 A CN104879159 A CN 104879159A
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Abstract
A gas permeability-increase extraction device for a soft coal seam stoping face comprises a drill pipe, a high-pressure water injection pump, a sand adding device, expansion packers, ball slide bushings and a drill bit, wherein the high-pressure water injection pump and the sand adding device are communicated with the left end of the drill pipe, the expansion packers are arranged on the drill pipe, the drill pipe is rotationally sleeved with the ball slide bushings, the ball slide bushings are located between the adjacent expansion packers, a sand spraying nozzle is arranged on each ball slide bushing, the center of gravity of each ball slide bushing is located between the center of the corresponding ball slide bushing and the corresponding sand spraying nozzle, spraying holes corresponding to the ball slide bushings are formed in the drill pipe, and the drill bit is arranged at the right end of the drill pipe.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to coal mine gas drainage field, particularly relate to a kind of devices and methods therefor of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction.
Background technology
Mine gas is one of Major Natural factor of serious threat Safety of Coal Mine Production, and coal and gas prominent and gas explosion be the disaster affecting current coal production, cause extensive casualties and huge property loss every year.Along with the increase of mining depth, coal seam gas-bearing capacity and gas pressure also increase gradually, especially for single, soft, hypotonic stope, also do not have the efficient extraction technology of effective coal-bed gas at present.Therefore, how effectively to prevent and treat gas accident, positive control gas disaster, become the Main Topics restricting colliery high-yield and high-efficiency safety in production instantly.
To single, it is the essential measure preventing and treating gas problem with gas pumping that soft high gas layer stope carries out stitching net anti-reflection, and knownly take out coal-bed gas method in advance to mainly contain two kinds: one be carry out gas pumping by beating concordant extraction borehole to coal seam at present, but it is single for part, soft high gas layer, long drilled holes of constructing in coal seam is very difficult, because institute's back production Coal Quality soft making very easily occurs spray orifice in boring procedure, spoil hole, plug-hole, the phenomenon of bit freezing, this makes the boring of constructing in haulage way be difficult to arrive through the natural initial stress area be present in not by interference from human factor in protolith the bearing stress concentration zones of the tailgate side that coal and rock internal stress raises around excavation, add crack agensis in weak seam, the reasons such as permeability is low, make to utilize prior art directly to take out extraction time of coal-bed gas in advance short, sucrose extraction is low, sometimes gas cannot be extracted out even at all, cause hard case of " having gas can not take out ", make extracting result very undesirable, another adds layer-through drilling at roof or construction of bottom plates Yan Chou lane to take out coal-bed gas in advance, but it is high owing to investing, shaft sinking and drifting is large, the reasons such as production and accessory system complexity cause ton coal cost of production higher, consider safety and economic problems, this measure is not also promoted on a large scale.Therefore, for the gas pre-drainage of single, soft high gas layer, be badly in need of an effective method and change the status quo.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of devices and methods therefor of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, for the seam net transformation anti-reflection mash gas extraction of weak seam stope, the directed waterpower gaza perforation of open-hole and open-hole segmentation fracturing is carried out in boring, make to produce in coal seam the three-dimensional Fracture Networks that coal seam and roof crack are linked up, form effective passage of Methane Transport in Coal Seam output, increase substantially gas permeability of coal seam, thus make gas obtain effective extraction.
Concrete technical scheme is: a kind of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, comprise drilling rod, high pressure water-injection pump, gaza's device, inflatable packer, ball sliding bush and drill bit, high pressure water-injection pump is communicated with drilling rod left end with gaza's device, inflatable packer is arranged on drilling rod, ball sliding bush turning set to be located on drilling rod and between adjacent inflatable packer, ball sliding bush is provided with blast nozzle, the center of gravity of ball sliding bush is between the center and blast nozzle of ball sliding bush, drilling rod is provided with the spray orifice corresponding with ball sliding bush, drill bit is arranged at drilling rod right-hand member.
Described ball sliding bush comprises sheath and ball, sheath is sheathed on drilling rod, sheath and drilling rod are matched in clearance, hermetically-sealed construction is provided with between sheath two ends and drilling rod, sheath medial surface and drilling rod lateral surface are respectively arranged with corresponding first ring connected in star and the second annular groove, ball is arranged in first ring connected in star and the second annular groove, and blast nozzle is arranged on sheath, and spray orifice is arranged in the cavity that sheath and drilling rod form.
Described spray orifice is uniformly distributed along drilling rod circumference, and its quantity is 4.
A method for weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, comprises following operation, and (1) digs a drill site at roof; (2) being engaged in drill site between a kind of drilling rod of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction and drill bit is utilized to be drilled with axis being parallel in coal seam and top board interface and apart from the boring of coal seam 1 ~ 2m; (3) borehole axial is divided into multiple unit; (4) what utilize a kind of device drilling rod of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction and ball sliding bush is engaged in along the direction perpendicular to coal seam to coal seam oriented perforating in a unit, and the liquid component returned out of holing according to the observation judges whether to stop perforation.When having cinder or rock slag in the liquid component returned out if hole, then continue perforation; If hole, the liquid that returns out starts to become clarification, during not only without rock slag but also without cinder, and stopping perforation, the composition of perforation perforating fluid used comprises water and fine sand; (5) in operation (4) same unit, coordinating between a kind of inflatable packer of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, ball sliding bush and drilling rod is utilized to carry out fracturing, if when the pump pressure of high pressure water-injection pump reaches more than liquid filling pressure after a period of stabilisation, pressure declines rapidly, and during persistent pressure pressure without obvious rising, illustrate that cracks in coal seam is communicated with contiguous pressure break cracks in coal seam, then stop pressure break; If pressure rises rapidly during persistent pressure, then illustrate that fracturing fluid is breaking coal seam, now should continue pressure break of pressurizeing; (6) select other unit to carry out operation (4) and operation (5) successively, until whole boring completes perforation and fracturing work, (6) carry out negative pressure gas pumping in boring.
Described drill site is formed to top board digging by haulage way side, drill site mesa base distance coal seam 1m.
Described boring is radially uniformly distributed in the sector region taking drill site as the center of circle, and drilling depth should enter in the bearing stress concentration zones of tailgate side rib through initial stress area.
The pressure that sets of described inflatable packer is greater than perforation liquid filling pressure and is less than FRACTURING DESIGN liquid filling pressure.
Described boring is a unit along its axial every 15m.
In described operation (5), when opening high pressure water-injection pump and sanding device hydraulic fracturing, in front 3 ~ 5min, slow water filling makes hydraulic pressure increase to design liquid filling pressure gradually; At the end of pressure break, the slow release of high pressure water-injection pump.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. dig drill site from haulage way side to top board, the method of boring is drilled with in top board drill site, both the length from extraction borehole during ground punching extraction had been shortened, rock stratum is utilized again to construct the feature of easy pore-forming, improve boring rate of penetration and pore-forming stability, greatly extend the hole pumping and mining life-span, drill in coal seam when avoiding this concordant hole, coal seam extraction and easily spray brill, bit freezing, spoil the shortcoming of hole, plug-hole.
2. whole boring is divided into several sections by the segmentation fracturing carried out in boring, each pressure is concentrated on a bit of on carry out pressure break, with the fracturing effect that namely less flow obtains, reduce discharge, thus the requirement reduced frac system, the volume of equipment reduces greatly, can adapt to underground gallery condition better.
3. the gap when perforation in roof strata is pressure break extends the trend providing a guiding coal seam, seam net in rock stratum is opened further, is expanded, communicate with each other with the initial fissure in coal seam, and then pressure break coal seam, form comparatively even, flourishing coal petrography three-dimensional gap network, increase coal-bed gas desorption surface and amass, improve desorption rate, quickly migrate output for coal-bed gas provides a high-speed channel, realizes the efficient extraction of continous-stable.
4. the device with a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction of drill bit really achieves boring, waterpower gaza perforation, the integration of fracturing, significantly lifting single hole extraction ability and extracting result, drastically increases operating efficiency.
5., in working face extraction process, in drill site, when the boring of tailgate can give over to back production, the extraction borehole of extraction gas at upper corner uses, and reduces engineering and drops into, reduce cost of production, improve economic benefit.
6. present invention employs the weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction method based on the transformation of seam net, the high engineering of digging Yan Chou lane can be avoided to drop into, when can avoid again offering extraction borehole and engineering the drilling extraction from ground, boring is long, frac pressure loss is large, equipment requirement is high, the deficiency of complicated operation.Offer drill site nearby and carry out extensive gas pumping, can not only extracting result be improved, guarantee " take out, adopt, dig " balance of work plane, and extraction gas out also can be used as and realizes industrial utilization with the resource of coal symbiosis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the apparatus structure schematic diagram of a kind of weak seam stope of the present invention anti-reflection mash gas extraction;
Fig. 2 is ball sliding bush structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 be in Fig. 2 A-A to structure sectional view;
Fig. 4 is Construction Principle structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is Fig. 4 left view;
Fig. 6 is Fig. 4 top view.
Detailed description of the invention
As Fig. 1, shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, comprise drilling rod 1, high pressure water-injection pump 2, gaza's device 3, inflatable packer 4, ball sliding bush 5 and drill bit 6, drilling rod 1 is the hollow structure of both ends open, high pressure water-injection pump 2 is communicated with drilling rod 1 left end by safety joint 15 with gaza's device 3, inflatable packer 4 is arranged on drilling rod 1, ball sliding bush 5 turning set to be located on drilling rod 1 and between adjacent inflatable packer 4, ball sliding bush 5 is provided with blast nozzle 7, the center of gravity of ball sliding bush 5 is between the center of ball sliding bush 5 and blast nozzle 7, drilling rod 1 is provided with the spray orifice 8 corresponding with ball sliding bush 5, drill bit 6 is arranged at drilling rod 1 right-hand member.
Ball sliding bush 5 comprises sheath 9 and ball 10, sheath 9 is sheathed on drilling rod 1, sheath 9 and drilling rod 1 are matched in clearance, hermetically-sealed construction is provided with between sheath 9 two ends and drilling rod 1, sheath 9 medial surface and drilling rod 1 lateral surface are respectively arranged with corresponding first ring connected in star and the second annular groove, ball 10 is arranged in first ring connected in star and the second annular groove, sheath 9 freely can be rotated around drilling rod 1, avoid sheath 9 and axial relative motion occurs drilling rod 1 simultaneously, blast nozzle 7 is arranged on sheath 9, and spray orifice 8 is arranged in the cavity that sheath 9 and drilling rod 1 form.
Described spray orifice 8 is uniformly distributed along drilling rod 1 circumference, and its quantity is 4.
As shown in Figure 4, Figure 5 and Figure 6, a kind of method of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, comprises following operation, and (1) digs a drill site 11 above coal seam 12; (2) utilize being engaged in drill site 11 between a kind of drilling rod 1 of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction and drill bit 6 to be drilled with boring 13 that axis being parallel is 1 ~ 2m in the interface of coal seam 12 and coal seam 12 top board and apart from the distance in coal seam 12; (3) boring 13 is divided into multiple unit; (4) what utilize a kind of device drilling rod 1 of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction and ball sliding bush 5 is engaged in along the direction perpendicular to coal seam 12 to coal seam 12 oriented perforating in a unit, and 13 liquid components returned out of holing according to the observation judge whether to stop perforation.If when having cinder or rock slag in the liquid component that boring 13 is returned out, then continue perforation; If the liquid that return out of boring 13 start to become clarification, during not only without rock slag but also without cinder, stopping perforation, the composition of perforation perforating fluid used comprises water and fine sand; (5) in operation (4) same unit, coordinating between a kind of inflatable packer 4 of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, ball sliding bush 5 and drilling rod 1 is utilized to carry out fracturing, if when the pump pressure of high pressure water-injection pump 2 reaches more than liquid filling pressure after a period of stabilisation, pressure declines rapidly, and during persistent pressure pressure without obvious rising, illustrate that crack, coal seam 12 is communicated with contiguous crack, pressure break coal seam 12, then stop pressure break; If pressure rises rapidly during persistent pressure, then illustrate that fracturing fluid is breaking coal seam 12, now should continue pressure break of pressurizeing; (6) select different unit to carry out operation (4) and operation (5) successively, until whole boring 13 completes perforation and fracturing work, (6) carry out negative pressure gas pumping in boring 13.
Boring 13 is to be radially uniformly distributed in drill site 11 sector region that is the center of circle, 13 degree of depth of holing should enter in the bearing stress concentration zones of tailgate side rib through initial stress area, can increase the pressure break scope to coal seam 12, boring 13 is a unit along its axial every 15m.
Drill site 11 is formed to top board digging by haulage way 14 side, and the distance between drill site 11 mesa base and coal seam 12 is 1m, and 13 diameters of holing are 94mm.
The pressure that sets of inflatable packer 4 must be greater than perforation liquid filling pressure and be less than FRACTURING DESIGN liquid filling pressure; When water sand perforation, inflatable packer 4 does not set, perforating fluid can return out by annular space, during fracturing, liquid filling pressure reaches packing element expansion and the drill hole wall close contact that inflatable packer 4 sets inflatable packer 4 after pressure, realize annular space sealing, inflatable packer 4 is existing equipment, therefore its concrete structure is not repeating in the present invention.
Embodiment 1
For buried depth 623 m, the single coal bed of average thickness 4.8 m, 6 ° ~ 12 °, inclination angle, coal seam 12, average out to about 8 °.Ature of coal is soft and mostly be chunky shape.Coal seam 12 is gas bearing capacity 27 m3/t, gas pressure 1.8 MPa relatively.Coal seam 12 immediate roof is sandstone, thick 7.5 ~ 12.8 m, on average thick 9.1 m; Old top is packsand, thick 4 ~ 22.4 m, on average thick 14.9 m; Coal seam 12 base plate is charcoal mudrock or mud stone, thick 3.9 ~ 27.6 m, on average thick 16.2 m.Roof strata integrality is better.
According to parameter designing drill site 11 positions such as haulage way 14 locus and 12 layers, coal seam position relation, face length, inclination angle, coal seam 12, ature of coal hardness, roof and floor lithologic, boring 13 apart from coal seams 12 apart from, 13 length of holing, hole 13 numbers and shot density.
A gang of from haulage way 14 is 1 m to intending mining coal seam 12 top board construction base plate apart from the distance in coal seam 12, and the drill site 11 that caunches of wide 4 m, long 4.5 m, high 2.5 m.
In drill site 11, drive drill bit 6 to rotate construction drill 13 by drilling rod 1, be 1m bottom boring 13 distance drill site 11, each boring 13 is divided by its axial length, every 15m is a unit, then successively perforation and pressing crack construction are carried out to each unit of boring 13, due to pearl sliding sleeve 5 turning set to be located on drilling rod 1 and the center of gravity of ball sliding bush 5 between the center of ball sliding bush 5 and blast nozzle 7, when drilling rod 1 rotates, under gravity, sheath 9 is relatively rotated by ball 10 and drilling rod 1, thus make blast nozzle 7 all the time straight down, when carrying out perforation construction, start high pressure water-injection pump 2 and gaza's device 3, enter in drilling rod 1 by water and the molecular mixture of sand, and enter in the cavity that sheath 9 and drilling rod 1 form by spray orifice 8, owing to being provided with hermetically-sealed construction between sheath 9 two ends and drilling rod 1, therefore water and the molecular mixture of sand spray from blast nozzle 7 straight down with high pressure, the whether through coal seam 12 of perforation is judged according to the liquid that returns in boring 13, pressing crack construction is carried out after perforation construction terminates, in drilling rod 1, fracturing fluid is injected by high pressure water-injection pump 2 and gaza's device 3, fracturing fluid is made up of fine sand and the water containing 2%kcl, the diameter of fine sand is 0.2 ~ 1.2 mm, and the content of fine sand is 5% in fracturing fluid, of the fracturing fluid liquid filling pressure is 30 Mpa, inflatable packer 4 model is K344 type inflatable packer, fracturing fluid is sprayed straight down by blast nozzle 7, because blast nozzle 7 chock pressure difference makes inflatable packer 4 set, adjacent inflatable packer 4 forms the environment closed, because ball sliding bush 5 is between adjacent inflatable packer 4, the compressive strength in coal seam 12 is utilized to be less than the feature of compressive strength of rock, along with of the fracturing fluid continuous injection, pressure becomes large gradually, the fracturing fluid that blast nozzle 7 sprays enters coal seam 12 by perforation to be made it to produce three-dimensional Fracture Networks, and crack closes again after can preventing fracturing fluid from returning as the fine sand of proppant.
Pressing crack construction terminates rear stopping injection fracturing fluid, make inflatable packer 4 deblocking, the next unit that a kind of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction moves to boring 13 is carried out perforation and pressing crack construction, until all unit in a boring 13 all complete perforation and pressing crack construction, then gas pumping is carried out to this boring 13, gas pumping is carried out in boring 13 after fracturing, the crack that pressure break produces more easily makes coal seam 12 gas reach to face a below desorption pressures, in negative pressure extraction process, the quick seepage flow migration in crack that gas after desorb is produced by pressure break, again by the boring 13 in rock stratum by extensive extraction out.
Successively aforesaid operations is carried out to all boring 13, until complete the gas pumping in all boring 13, make the gas bearing capacity in stope coal seam 12 be down to below relevant regulations, thus reach the object of the quick mash gas extraction of transformation coal seam reservoirs seam net.
Claims (10)
1. the device of a weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, it is characterized in that: comprise drilling rod, high pressure water-injection pump, gaza's device, inflatable packer, ball sliding bush and drill bit, high pressure water-injection pump is communicated with drilling rod left end with gaza's device, inflatable packer is arranged on drilling rod, ball sliding bush turning set to be located on drilling rod and between adjacent inflatable packer, ball sliding bush is provided with blast nozzle, the center of gravity of ball sliding bush is between the center and blast nozzle of ball sliding bush, drilling rod is provided with the spray orifice corresponding with ball sliding bush, drill bit is arranged at drilling rod right-hand member.
2. the device of a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described ball sliding bush comprises sheath and ball, sheath is sheathed on drilling rod, sheath and drilling rod are matched in clearance, hermetically-sealed construction is provided with between sheath two ends and drilling rod, sheath medial surface and drilling rod lateral surface are respectively arranged with corresponding first ring connected in star and the second annular groove, ball is arranged in first ring connected in star and the second annular groove, blast nozzle is arranged on sheath, and spray orifice is arranged in the cavity that sheath and drilling rod form.
3. the device of a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described spray orifice is uniformly distributed along drilling rod circumference, its quantity is 4.
4. a method for weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, is characterized in that, comprises following operation, and (1) digs a drill site at roof; (2) being engaged in drill site between a kind of drilling rod of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction and drill bit is utilized to be drilled with axis being parallel in coal seam and top board interface and apart from the boring of coal seam 1 ~ 2m; (3) borehole axial is divided into multiple unit; (4) what utilize a kind of device drilling rod of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction and ball sliding bush is engaged in along the direction perpendicular to coal seam to coal seam oriented perforating in a unit, and the liquid component returned out of holing according to the observation judges whether to stop perforation.
5. when having cinder or rock slag in the liquid component returned out if hole, then continue perforation; If hole, the liquid that returns out starts to become clarification, during not only without rock slag but also without cinder, and stopping perforation, the composition of perforation perforating fluid used comprises water and fine sand; (5) in operation (4) same unit, coordinating between a kind of inflatable packer of device of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction, ball sliding bush and drilling rod is utilized to carry out fracturing, if when the pump pressure of high pressure water-injection pump reaches more than liquid filling pressure after a period of stabilisation, pressure declines rapidly, and during persistent pressure pressure without obvious rising, illustrate that cracks in coal seam is communicated with contiguous pressure break cracks in coal seam, then stop pressure break; If pressure rises rapidly during persistent pressure, then illustrate that fracturing fluid is breaking coal seam, now should continue pressure break of pressurizeing; (6) select other unit to carry out operation (4) and operation (5) successively, until whole boring completes perforation and fracturing work, (6) carry out negative pressure gas pumping in boring.
6. the method for a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described drill site is formed to top board digging by haulage way side, drill site mesa base distance coal seam 1m.
7. the method for a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: described boring is radially uniformly distributed in the sector region taking drill site as the center of circle, drilling depth should enter in the bearing stress concentration zones of tailgate side rib through initial stress area.
8. the method for a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: the pressure that sets of described inflatable packer is greater than perforation liquid filling pressure and is less than FRACTURING DESIGN liquid filling pressure.
9. the method for a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that: described boring is a unit along its axial every 15m.
10. the method for a kind of weak seam stope anti-reflection mash gas extraction as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: in described operation (5), when opening high pressure water-injection pump and sanding device hydraulic fracturing, in front 3 ~ 5min, slow water filling makes hydraulic pressure increase to design liquid filling pressure gradually; At the end of pressure break, the slow release of high pressure water-injection pump.
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