CN104853385A - Dynamic mechanism for efficient information transmission in WIFI system based on OFDMA technology - Google Patents
Dynamic mechanism for efficient information transmission in WIFI system based on OFDMA technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN104853385A CN104853385A CN201510268095.XA CN201510268095A CN104853385A CN 104853385 A CN104853385 A CN 104853385A CN 201510268095 A CN201510268095 A CN 201510268095A CN 104853385 A CN104853385 A CN 104853385A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/16—Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
- H04W28/24—Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]; Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/02—Access restriction performed under specific conditions
- H04W48/06—Access restriction performed under specific conditions based on traffic conditions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/08—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access]
- H04W74/0833—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure
- H04W74/0841—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure with collision treatment
- H04W74/085—Non-scheduled or contention based access, e.g. random access, ALOHA, CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] using a random access procedure with collision treatment collision avoidance
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for efficient information transmission in a WIFI system based on an OFDMA technology. In a WIFI network, an MAC frame field format is designed in order to support the OFDMA technology. The method comprises the steps of designing a frame type field and adding a control information domain field into the standard frame format, wherein the control information domain field is used for bearing control information and property information of data to be transmitted. The control information mainly comprises task priority, properties of the data to be transmitted, channel detection signals, channel state information, resource distribution information, competitive subscriber terminal information and backoff window information. Different types of frames bear information in corresponding fields in the transmission process, an access point acquires terminal quantity and information sent by a request, terminal resources are distributed, and a dynamic transmission mechanism is realized. The method disclosed by the invention mainly solves a problem of centralized requests of a great number of terminals in the transmission process of the WIFI system and a problem of diversity in data to be transmitted, and increases the simultaneously accessed user capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wireless communication technology field, in particular, relate to a kind of dynamic mechanism based on high efficiency of transmission information in the WIFI system of OFDMA technology.
Background technology
Along with the explosive growth of intelligent wireless terminal and mobile Internet, WiFi technology changes interchange, the Working and life styles of people just deeply.Increasing terminal use (STA) is enjoying the high bandwidth and convenience that WIFI brings, the place that railway station, airport, campus dormitory, library etc. are densely populated, each access point (AP) needs concurrent terminal use (user terminal (the STA)) quantity of service sharply to increase.And along with the develop rapidly of smart machine, the data of user's transmission also have diversity more.This makes WIFI network speed decline to a great extent, and user's time delay of surfing the Net increases, and brings serious impact, simultaneously also bring new challenge to WIFI network to the quality of network.
Summary of the invention
Existing WIFI adopts the full broadband multiplex mode of single user OFDM access, and there is not control channel, each user terminal (STA) is by carrier sense and conflict avoidance (CSMA/CA) Random Access Channel, rely on time domain to keep out of the way random access operation, finally only have a user terminal (STA) successfully to send.In fact keep out of the way and also can occur on frequency domain, OFDMA is a kind of channel access technology based on OFDM physical layer, whole bandwidth is divided into some subchannels, every sub-channels comprises some subcarriers, every sub-channels distributes to a user terminal (STA), a user terminal (STA) also can take multiple subchannel, and allow multiple users (STA) to access, multiple users (STA) shares transmission bandwidth simultaneously.Compared with existing protocol, OFDMA provides multi channel structure, and multichannel structure can be utilized to improve the performance of Stochastic accessing.Further, compared with OFDM, the availability of frequency spectrum higher than OFDM can be provided at physical layer OFDMA.What use OFDM technology is all broadband system usually, and broadband system multipath effect is obvious, and He Ne laser fading characteristic is obvious.This selectivity is different for different user terminals (STA), because the environment residing for different user terminals (STA) is different.The frequency selective characteristic of multiple users (STA) can be utilized, distribute suitable frequency resource to suitable user terminal (STA), rely on multiple users (STA) diversity gain to improve the overall performance of ofdm system.
OFDMA needs to coordinate multiple users (STA) access, and in order to make full use of user terminal (STA) diversity advantage, access point (AP) needs to obtain user terminal (STA) information.We, mainly from the angle application OFDMA improving data transmission efficiency, utilize OFDMA to realize efficient random competition on the one hand, and the diversity utilizing the channel difference in OFDMA acquisition multiple users (STA) frequency to bring on the one hand increases.This patent, the practical problem for mass users terminal and transmission data diversity proposes solution.Propose format design method and the dynamic transmission mechanism of control frame in a kind of WIFI system be adapted to based on OFDMA technology, more efficient control information transmission.
The invention provides a kind of mac layer frame format design method in WIFI system.Frame is mainly contained, Request Control frame, license control frame, acknowledgement frame, management frames etc. 5 kinds in WIFI.It is placed on separately in a field and carries with 4bit, be placed on the position that frame starts and be beneficial to parsing.The field domain that interpolation one is new in the reserved field of standard frame format, for bear control information.In WIFI in system, control information mainly comprises: channel detection information, data character identification information, task priority, and resource allocation information, keeps out of the way window information, competes successful user terminal (STA) information and channel condition information.This field length is not regular length, and different types control frame carries different contents.
The invention provides a kind of method of big data quantity high efficiency of transmission in WIFI system.Comprise: user terminal (STA) sends request frame application resource and sends data.Access point (AP) have received the claim frame of user terminal (STA), if access point (AP) allows this user to send data, then determine sub carries allocation information, and return license frame, comprise competition successful user terminal (STA) information and resource allocation information and keep out of the way window information.The user terminal (STA) of request resource receives license frame that access point (AP) sends and resolves, compete successful user terminal (STA) and then determine transmission resource allocation information used, do not compete successful user terminal (STA) s then to parse and keep out of the way window information, enter backoff procedure.For the user terminal (STA) carrying mass data, judge after parsing resource allocation information that whether the resource of distributing is enough, if not, then again send the claim frame of a carrying data volume size, after access point (AP) receives claim frame, whether ruling reallocates new resource, and informs user terminal (STA).Following user terminal (STA) continues to send Frame, and access point (AP) receives rear feedback acknowledgment frame.
Have employed the competition mechanism of Stochastic accessing when WIFI wireless access, be relatively applicable to broadband data service, but the business Shortcomings higher to requirement of real-time, as the delay problem that speech business exists.The invention provides the data transmission mechanism for having different priority users terminal.Comprise: access point (AP) have received the claim frame of user terminal (STA), and resolve whether there is task priority field and field contents.For the user terminal (STA) that task priority is high, be the preferential dynamic allocation of resources of user terminal (STA) by the controller of access point (AP).
A kind of method of data efficient transmission when the present invention puies forward mass users terminal (STA) Centralized requests in WIFI network.Comprise: (access point (AP) adds up current request and the successful number of users of access to access point, obtains user profile.The controller of access point (AP), according to user terminal (STA) and number of sub-channels situation, determines the distribution method of resource, for user terminal (STA) selects transmission plan dynamically.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is mainly manifested in the following aspects: the type of frame only depends on standard neutron frame type (Subtype) field, it is placed on separately in a field, is conducive to resolving.In frame, add a control information territory field in reserved field, bear control information, dissimilar control frame extracts respective field content.During for big data quantity user Centralized requests, whether dynamic allocation of resources, when there is information dropout, detecting lost frames fragment, can no longer retransmit.In mass users Centralized requests situation, dynamic allocation of resources, the concurrent quantity of adding users terminal.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the Sample Scenario figure that this patent is implemented.
Fig. 2 is mac layer frame form in a kind of WIFI system proposed in this patent.
Fig. 3 is for carrying the various user terminal of data character (STA), and this patent proposes a kind of efficient data transfer mechanism.
Fig. 4 is for the situation of mass users terminal (STA) Centralized requests, and this patent proposes a kind of Data Dynamic transmission mechanism.
Fig. 5 user terminal (STA) adopts OFDMA and CDMA in conjunction with transmission means.
Fig. 6 user terminal (STA) adopts OFDMA transmission means.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail: as shown in Figure 1, embodiments provides a kind of dynamic mechanism based on high efficiency of transmission information in the WIFI system of OFDMA technology.This mechanism mainly solves the problem of mass users terminal Centralized requests in WIFI system transfers process, and the diverse problems of data to be transmitted.
In following embodiment, relate to transmitter and receiving equipment, in WIFI system, described transmitter and receiving equipment are such as terminal (STA), access point (AP) etc., in the present invention, transmitter can be terminal or access point, receiving equipment can be terminal or access point, and transfer of data is carried out between terminal and access point, sends data to receiving equipment by transmitter.
Describe some embodiments of the present invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, be scene settings of the invention process, base station (AP) and user terminal (STA), in figure, solid line represents and competes successfully, and dotted line represents that competition is unsuccessful.Multiple user terminal (STA) competitive channel in traditional WIFI system, relies on time domain to keep out of the way Stochastic accessing, finally only has a user terminal (STA) successfully to send, and utilizes whole bandwidth to send data at a time slot.In fact keep out of the way and also can occur on frequency domain, introduce OFDMA technology in the present embodiment, OFDMA is a kind of channel access technology based on OFDM physical layer, and whole bandwidth is divided into some subchannels by it, and every sub-channels comprises some subcarriers.OFDMA provides multi channel structure, and every sub-channels distributes to a STA, and a STA also can take multiple subchannel, allows many STA to access simultaneously, shares transmission bandwidth.Compared with existing WIFI, improve the performance of Stochastic accessing.
In WIFI standard, whole system is not used for the Common Control Channel of interactive controlling signaling, and control information is carried in control frame to be transmitted, and will redesign the transmission frame format of WIFI network in this programme, to support OFDMA.As shown in Figure 2, be the mac layer frame format sample figure of one embodiment of the present invention.Frame type field: the type of frame only depends on Subtype in standard (subframe type) field.Frame is mainly contained, Request Control frame, license control frame, acknowledgement frame, management frames etc. 5 kinds in WIFI.It is placed on separately in a field and carries with 4bit, be placed on the position that frame starts and be beneficial to parsing.
Control information territory field: the field domain that interpolation one is new in the reserved field of standard frame format, for bear control information.In WIFI in system, control information mainly comprises: channel detection information, data character identification information, task priority, and resource allocation information, keeps out of the way window information, competes successful STA information and channel condition information.This field length is not fixed, and different types control frame carries different contents.Frame control domain field: all control frames all use identical frame control domain field.
Duration/ID field: duration/mark: 2 bytes.In most cases, this field is used to set NAV.Address field: comprise dissimilar MAC Address, the type of address depends on the type of transmission frame.There is purposes different as follows these addresses of 48: basic service set identification (BSSID), address, source (SA: the address sending the MAC entity of packet), destination address (DA: the final address of datagram), receiver address (RA: the AP address of received frame), sends address (TA: the AP address of transmission frame).Sequence Control (sequential control): 2 bytes, be made up of the serial number (Sequence Number) of the segment number of 4 (FragmentNumber) and 12, be used for reassembled frame fragment and abandon repeating frame.Data field field: the encapsulation of this field contents be the data cell on upper strata.
From the angle of user terminal (STA), along with the develop rapidly of smart machine, in actual conditions, the data of user's transmission have multifarious feature, and main manifestations is: data character is various, data volume size, the aspects such as data task priority.Data character is various is embodied in voice, video, picture, the data that word etc. are dissimilar.In WIFI system, also will fair competition channel the same as Frame during control frame transmission.When user's request is concentrated especially, may occur that user terminal (STA) temporarily competition less than the situation of channel, then cannot transmit data in time.
The present invention does following hypothesis to the agreement in WIFI system transfers process.
OFDMA access needs to coordinate multiple users (STA) and accesses simultaneously, and need correct time synchronous, be all stringent synchronization between user, keeps appropriateness synchronous from user and primary user simultaneously, also can become to be as the criterion synchronous.
Control channel is mainly used to the parameters such as transmission system parameters, schedule information, feedback information.In 802.11 standards, whole system does not have public control channel for interactive controlling signaling, and control information is that the mode be carried in control frame is transmitted, and the exchange of control information is undertaken exchanging by the idle sub-carrier of receiving-transmitting sides.Each carrier idle state that can correctly perceive from user node in mandate frequency range.
As shown in Figure 3, be a kind of schematic flow sheet of embodiment of data efficient transmission method in WIFI system of the present invention.From user terminal (STA) angle, the data of transmission have diversity, and during user terminal (STA) transferring large number of data, concrete steps are as follows.
In step 1, WIFI, user terminal (STA) sends request frame application resource and sends data.Task priority information and channel-sounding signal information is carry in control field territory as the claim frame of now a certain user terminal transmission.Access point (AP) have received the claim frame of STA, knows that user has data to transmit, and does not know the number of data volume and the character of data.
If step 2 access point (AP) allows this user to send data, then, after determining sub carries allocation information, return License Info.Comprise competition successful STA information and resource allocation information in License Info and keep out of the way window information.License Info is carried in license frame and transmits.The STA of request resource receives license frame that AP sends and resolves, and competes successful STA and then determines transmission resource allocation information used, does not compete successful STA and then parses and keep out of the way window information, enter backoff procedure.
Step 3 but for the user terminal (STA) carrying mass data, the resource that AP distributes very little, for this kind of user, judge after parsing resource allocation information that whether the resource of distributing is enough, if not, then again send the claim frame of a carrying data volume size, after AP receives claim frame, whether ruling reallocates new resource, and informs STA.Following STA continues to send Frame, and AP receives rear feedback acknowledgment frame.
Step 4, STA transmit data frames, return ACK frame after AP correctly receives.
Have employed the competition mechanism of Stochastic accessing when WIFI wireless access, be relatively applicable to broadband data service, but the business Shortcomings higher to requirement of real-time, as the delay problem that speech business exists.The task rank of video data and speech data is defined higher than other tasks in the present invention.The invention provides a kind of high-efficiency transmission method when task being had to the STA transmission data of priority, concrete steps are as follows.
In step 1, WIFI, user terminal (STA) sends request frame application resource and sends data.Task priority information is carry in control field territory as the claim frame of now a certain user terminal transmission.Access point (AP) have received the claim frame of STA, and resolves whether have task priority field and field contents.
Step 2, for the high STA of task priority, be user terminal (STA) priority allocation resource by the controller of access point (AP).AP returns License Info after determining sub carries allocation information.
Step 3, STA receive license frame that AP sends and resolve, and compete successful STA and then determine transmission resource allocation information used, do not compete successful STA and then parse and keep out of the way window information, enter backoff procedure.
Step 4, STA transmit data frames, return ACK frame after AP correctly receives.
As shown in Figure 4, be the schematic flow sheet of another embodiment of data efficient transmission method in WIFI system of the present invention.For the situation of mass users terminal (STA) Centralized requests, the present invention proposes a kind of Data Dynamic transmission mechanism.Concrete steps are as follows.
In step 1, WIFI, mass users terminal (STA) sends request frame application resource and sends data.First, access point (AP) has a controller, for determining the distribution method of resource.AP adds up current request and access successful user quantity, obtains user profile.
Step 2, be the transmission plan that user terminal (STA) is selected to be applicable to by the controller of access point (AP).
In one time slot, if when STA quantity exceedes number of sub-channels, adopt the mode that OFDMA and CDMA combines.OFDMA provides multi channel structure, and whole bandwidth partition is become several subchannels, and every sub-channels distributes to a STA, and a STA also can take multiple subchannel.Signal used when CDMA technology is different user terminals transmission information is not distinguish by frequency is different or time slot is different, but distinguishes with coded sequences different separately.Therefore, when user terminal quantity exceedes number of sub-channels, on the basis of frequency-domain and time-domain, for each user distributes a specific CDMA chip, multiple users (STA) on each of the sub-channels adopt CDMA mode to carry out transfer of data.Concrete dynamic transmission mechanism is implemented as shown in Figure 5, whole bandwidth is divided into 4 sub-channels, active user is respectively ABCDEF, number of users exceedes number of sub-channels, be respectively ABCDEF user before transmission and distribute a specific CDMA code, the physical resource that user specifies according to AP transmits on sub-channels, and if user ABC is simultaneously at subchannel 1 transmitting data frame, recipient receives and resolves the frame of corresponding transmission user according to CDMA code again.
In one time slot, if when STA quantity does not exceed number of sub-channels, STA adopts OFDMA mode to transmit.In an OFDMA network, divide Resource Block according to time-domain and frequency-domain, transmission total bandwidth is divided into a series of orthogonal sub-carrier resources, gives different users by different subcarrier resource distribution.Transfer of data take Resource Block as base unit, allows Frame and acknowledgement frame to send over multiple channels simultaneously.As shown in Figure 6, available transmission bandwidth is divided into 4 sub-channels, and user waiting for transmission is respectively ABCD, and number of users does not exceed number of sub-channels, and user ABCD is that base unit adopts OFDMA mode to transmit with Resource Block.User B is had, D, C as what transmit on subchannel 1.
Step 3, compete successful user terminal (STA) and carry out transmission data.
Although what finally illustrate is be described the illustrative embodiment of the present invention above; so that those skilled in the art understand the present invention; but should be clear; the invention is not restricted to the scope of embodiment; to those skilled in the art; as long as various change to limit and in the spirit and scope of the present invention determined, these changes are apparent, and all innovation and creation utilizing the present invention to conceive are all at the row of protection in appended claim.
Claims (8)
1. the enforcement scene of high efficiency of transmission information mechanism in WIFI system, its feature is as follows:
In WIFI system, transmitter and receiving equipment are terminal (STA), access point (AP) etc., transmitter can be terminal or access point, receiving equipment also can be terminal or access point, transfer of data is carried out between terminal and access point, sends data to receiving equipment by transmitter; Multiple user's competitive channel in traditional WIFI system, finally only has a STA successfully to send; After introducing OFDMA technology, whole bandwidth is divided into some subchannels, every sub-channels comprises some subcarriers, every sub-channels distributes to a STA, a STA also can take multiple subchannel, allow many STA to access, many STA share transmission bandwidth simultaneously, and AP coordinates multiple STA and accesses transmission data simultaneously.
2. from user terminal (STA) angle, the data of transmission have diversity, the agreement flow process of STA transferring large number of data, and its characteristic sum concrete steps are as follows:
In step 1, WIFI, user terminal (STA) sends request frame application resource and sends data after connecting, access point (AP) have received the claim frame of user, know that user has data to transmit, and do not know the number of data volume and the character of data;
If step 2 access point (AP) allows this user to send data, after determining sub carries allocation information, return License Info, comprise competition successful STA information and resource allocation information in License Info and keep out of the way window information, License Info is carried in license frame and transmits, compete successful STA receive the license frame of AP transmission and resolve, determine resource allocation information;
Step 3 but for the user terminal (STA) carrying mass data, the resource that AP distributes very little, for this kind of user, judge after parsing resource allocation information that whether the resource of distributing is enough, if not, again send the claim frame of a carrying data volume size, after AP receives claim frame, whether ruling reallocates new resource, and informing STA, following STA continues to send Frame, and AP receives rear feedback acknowledgment frame;
Step 4, STA transmit data frames, return ACK frame after AP correctly receives.
3. method according to claim 2, a control information territory field is added on the basis of standard frame format, and it is for bear control information, is not fixed-length field, facilitates dissimilar control frame to extract respective field content.Described mac layer frame form, is characterized in that:
Frame format comprises following field: frame type field, control information territory field, frame control domain field, Duration/ID field, address field, Sequence Control (sequential control), data field field and check digit field.Frame type field accounts for 4, is used in reference to the type of framing, comprises control frame, Frame and management frame.Control information territory field bear control information, comprising: resource allocation information, keeps out of the way window information, competes successful STA information and channel condition information.Frame control domain field: all types frame all uses identical frame control domain field.Duration/ID field is used to set NAV.Address field comprises dissimilar MAC Address, and the type of address depends on the type of transmission frame.Sequence Control (sequential control) field is used for reassembled frame fragment and abandon repeating frame.The upper layer data unit of data field field carrying encapsulation.The type of frame only depends on standard neutron frame type field, it is placed on separately in a field, is beneficial to parsing.
4., according to method according to claim 3, for carrying the different user terminal of priority of task rank, its transmission mechanism comprises concrete following steps:
In step 1, WIFI, user terminal (STA) sends request frame application resource and sends data, task priority information is carry in control field territory as the claim frame of now a certain user terminal transmission, access point (AP) have received the claim frame of STA, and resolves whether have task priority field and field contents;
Step 2, for the high STA of task priority, be user terminal (STA) priority allocation resource by the controller of access point (AP), AP returns License Info after determining sub carries allocation information;
Step 3, STA receive license frame that AP sends and resolve, and compete successful STA and then determine transmission resource allocation information used, do not compete successful STA and then parse and keep out of the way window information, enter backoff procedure;
Step 4, STA transmit data frames, return ACK frame after AP correctly receives.
5. mass users Centralized requests sends data, and STA dynamic transmission mechanism is characterized in that, comprises following concrete steps:
User terminal (STA) request of step 1, data to be sent sends request frame when accessing, and AP adds up current request number of users after receiving claim frame, and obtains the user profile of request access;
If step 2, when STA quantity exceedes number of sub-channels, adopt the transmission means that OFDMA and CDMA combines;
If step 3, when STA quantity does not exceed number of sub-channels, STA adopts OFDMA mode to transmit.
6. the method according to claim 5 step 2, is characterized in that, WIFI bandwidth is divided into multiple subchannel, and distributes a specific CDMA chip for each user, coordinates multiple STA transfer of data on each of the sub-channels.
7. the method according to claim 5 step 3, it is characterized in that, in an OFDMA network, according to time-domain and frequency-domain, frequency spectrum resource is divided into Resource Block, transfer of data take Resource Block as base unit, allows Frame and acknowledgement frame to transmit over multiple channels simultaneously.
8. method according to claim 5, for the problem of mass users terminal Centralized requests in WIFI system transfers process, distributes suitable frequency spectrum resource, adds the STA capacity of concurrent access.
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