CN104852272B - The optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis - Google Patents

The optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis Download PDF

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CN104852272B
CN104852272B CN201510108298.2A CN201510108298A CN104852272B CN 104852272 B CN104852272 B CN 104852272B CN 201510108298 A CN201510108298 A CN 201510108298A CN 104852272 B CN104852272 B CN 104852272B
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wavelength
optical
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signal
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CN104852272A (en
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江阳
贾振蓉
马闯
白光富
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Guizhou University
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Guizhou University
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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of optical function signal generators of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis, including multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 and phase to control synthesis module 2 with amplitude.Multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 is a mode-locked laser with more than two optics oscillation circuits, includes more than two optics annular branches in structure.Each annular branch, which can generate the photon radio-frequency signal with different wave length and different harmonic frequencies and export into applying aspect and amplitude, controls synthesis module, and desired optical function waveform signal may finally be synthesized after the phase and amplitude of each road signal is adjusted by phase and amplitude control module.The present invention have the characteristics that photon radio-frequency signal harmonic frequency generate and separation flexibly, signal phase and amplitude control are accurate, signal waveform quality is high, system stability is good, it is simple and convenient, introducing and noise disturbance are avoided interference with using incoherent light system.

Description

The optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis
Technical field
The present invention relates to when the fields such as optic communication, optical measurement and optical sensing, especially multi-wavelength harmonic frequency The optical function signal generator of domain synthesis.
Background technology
There are many types for the optical signalling waveform that optics arbitrary function signal generator can generate, such as rectangular wave, triangle Wave, sawtooth wave etc..It can be widely applied to the necks such as the pattern generation, system performance detection and sensing network application of data-signal Domain.
Optics arbitrary function signal generator is exactly that one kind giving full play to photon technology speciality and advantage, and selective binding Electronic technology feature generates the device of random waveform.In recent years, optical function signal generator has obtained extensive research, overall From the point of view of, realize that there are two types of thinkings for the generation of optical function waveform:
1, directly optic spectrum line is detached, manipulated and is synthesized in area of light, to separation per the amplitude of spectral line all the way and The parameters such as phase carry out accurate manipulation and are finally synthesizing required plenoptic function waveform signal.The advantages of the method is can be accurate Each line parameters are controlled to synthesizing optical arbitrary function waveform signal, it can break through " electronic bottleneck " restriction, in area of light Directly obtain high repetition frequency waveform signal.But it its shortcoming is that the system structure of this method is complicated, can incite somebody to action under normal conditions Optics comb spectrum is divided into the roads n on wavelength by filter or grating, and needs filter window and need optical comb to be separated Shape spectrum wavelength precisely aligns so that the selection of spectral line and mask work are particularly difficult, later will also be to per the spectrum isolated all the way For line into the accurate manipulation of line amplitude, phase etc., this will considerably increase experimental implementation difficulty and workload, secondly, party's genealogy of law System structure is vulnerable to extraneous factor(Such as temperature, stress)The influence of variation eventually affects the matter of the optical function signal of generation The stability of amount and system.The optics arbitrary function signal generator of wherein passive filter filtering is exactly the allusion quotation using the method Type scheme.
2, realize that the shaping of optical function signal generates based on modulation reshaping technology combination optical instrument.The method is logical The modulation means for crossing basis obtain initial signal waveform, then are pocessed to obtain using means such as filtering, phase shifts on the whole Required optical function waveform.The advantages of this method be it is operationally simple and convenient, can by change modulation parameter etc. because Element timely and effectively adjusts the signal waveform of generation, and the frequency of the signal waveform generated can be according to modulating frequency Difference be tuned, system stabilization will not be interfered by extraneous factor.The shortcomings that this method, is with signal overall frequency point Amount is object, cannot carry out accurate shaping control, the quality of produced signal to the phase and amplitude of each spectral components It is difficult to ensure.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is:A kind of optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis is provided, it Photon microwave multiple-harmonic signal generate it is easy, harmonic frequency generate and separation flexibly, signal phase and amplitude control is accurate, letter Number waveform quality height, system stability are good, simple and convenient, with overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
The invention is realized in this way:The optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis, including it is more Wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module and phase control synthesis module with amplitude, and multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module is one Include the optical fiber ring laser of more than two optics annular branches, wherein each branch operation wavelength is different, and each branch is defeated Each respective input that outlet controls synthesis module with phase and amplitude respectively is connect.
The major loop of the multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module is by semiconductor optical amplifier, optoisolator, 1 × n Wavelength division multiplexer, n × 1 wavelength division multiplexer, analyzer, optical polarization controller, electrooptic modulator and optical polarization controller according to It is secondary to connect and compose;Wherein n is the natural number more than 2;The rf inputs of radio frequency source and electrooptic modulator connect;More waves Long multifrequency mode-locked laser module includes more than two optical branch, the output port of branch and optical polarization controller The input terminal of input connection, the output end of optical polarization controller and erbium-doped fiber amplifier connects, erbium-doped fiber amplifier it is defeated The input terminal of outlet and photo-coupler connects, and photo-coupler includes two output ends, and one of output end is delayed with tunable optical The input terminal of line connects, another output end is then connected to phase and is controlled with amplitude on the corresponding input terminal of synthesis module, can The output end of light modulation delay line is connect with the wavelength division multiplexer input port of n × 1, and is connected with major loop by being combined output port It connects, constitutes an optical fiber ring laser, all branches are connected with above-mentioned connection type.
The phase includes more than two optical branch, wherein any one branch with amplitude control synthesis module In, the output end of adjustable optical delay line and the input terminal of adjustable optical attenuator connect, and adjustable optical attenuator output end is closed with optics Road device input port connection,;Optics combiner combining output port is connect with photodetector input terminal, and signal is visited by photoelectricity It surveys device detection and is exported from its output end;The input terminal of adjustable optical delay line with each of multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module The output end on road is correspondingly connected with.
The wavelength division multiplexer of the 1 × n is the wavelength division multiplexer that input terminal port number is 1, output end port number is n;n For the natural number more than 2;The wavelength division multiplexer of n × 1 is the wavelength-division that input terminal port number is n, output end port number is 1 Multiplexer;N is the natural number more than 2.
In multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser modular structure, each annular branch can be from an output of photo-coupler Photon radio-frequency signal of the end output with different wave length and different harmonic frequencies.
The electrooptic modulator is semiconductor electric absorption modulator or lithium niobate intensity modulator.
The phase and wavelength division multiplexer or n × 1 that the optics combiner in amplitude control synthesis module is n × 1 Photo-coupler;N is the natural number more than 2.
In the present invention, in 1 main ring of multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module semiconductor optical amplifier 1a spontaneous radiations go out wave It is long ranging fromλ 1 2 Wide spectrum optical, and each annular branch is all the independent resonant chamber for having different cavity length, therefore in each branch Light field, which meets resonant cavity positive feedback and resonance condition, will determine between a series of frequency between starting of oscillation patterns and starting of oscillation pattern It is determined every by loop-length, i.e. resonant cavity cavity moldf c =c/(n eff L), n eff It is intracavitary effective refractive index, L is that annular chamber chamber is long.Have Manage number harmonic mode locking technology, i.e. modulating frequency fmFor resonant cavity cavity mold fcA ± c/b(A, b, c are positive integer, c < b, and c and b For mutual prime rwmber)Times, that is to say, that as long as keeping the harmonic component sufficiently large, intracavitary is capable of providing enough gains in other words, so that it may To reach the pulse output of b frequencys multiplication.I.e. theoretically, modulating frequency f in multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laserm=(a±c/b)f c , respectively The harmonic frequency of branch output signalf k =bf m =(ab±c)f c .By adjusting adjustable optical delay line 1gn in each annular branch respectively (n=1,2,3…)The envelope delay of each road harmonic signal can be changed, i.e., each branch resonator length changes, and eventually leads to Each annular branch resonant cavity cavity mold fcIt is different, finally make the harmonic wave frequency of the different wave length photon radiofrequency signal of each branch generation Rate fkIt is different.Appropriately select the laggard applying aspect of harmonic frequency and the amplitude control of the photon radio-frequency signal of each annular branch generation Molding block 2, the adjustable optical delay line 2an of phase and each branch road in amplitude control module 2(n=1,2,3…)Each road harmonic wave is believed Number envelope into line delay, adjustable optical attenuator 2bn(n=1,2,3…)Adjustable attenuation is carried out to each light field amplitude.Compared to existing For some optical function signal generating methods, each branch independent control road photon radio-frequency signal phase can be eliminated with amplitude Using signal overall frequency component as object, the disadvantage of accurate shaping control cannot be carried out to the phase and amplitude of each spectrum separation End, and the complexity for also avoiding carrying out spectral components in space optical path phase and amplitude control is cumbersome so that the present invention The photon radio-frequency signal phase that each optical branch generates and the signal matter that amplitude control is accurate, system operatio is simple and convenient, generates Amount is high.Later rear each branch light field is accurately controlled using parameters such as harmonic frequencies, phase and amplitude to each tributary signal It is synthesized in optics combiner 2c, passes through photodetector 2d detections later, finally obtain the optics arbitrary function for wishing to generate Waveform signal.The entire signals transmission of the present invention all carries out in a fiber, compared to existing optical function signal generation side For method, present system uses incoherent light system, and the photon radio-frequency signal wavelength that each annular branch generates is different, avoids There is interference phenomenon when by delay superposition in each road, also avoids the introducing of interference phenomenon and the disturbance of interaction noise, simultaneously Enhance the stability of system.
As a result of above technical scheme, compared to for existing optical function signal generating method, the present invention is not required to Complicated spectral line separation and filtering are carried out, and saves the use of optically filtering device, to realize that optical function waveform closes It can be obtained by directly adjusting adjustable optical delay line at the harmonic frequency of required each tributary signal, this makes each branch light of the present invention The harmonic frequency of sub- radiofrequency signal generates and the optical function signal quality of separation flexible and convenient, generation is high.The optics of the present invention Function waveform synthesis uses incoherent light system, avoids interference and introduces the noise disturbance brought, while enhancing the steady of system It is qualitative, there is convenient, flexible, highly practical feature.
Description of the drawings,
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode,
The embodiment of the present invention 1:The optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis, including multi-wavelength Multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1, phase control synthesis module 2 with amplitude, and multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 is a packet Optical fiber ring laser containing n optics annular branch, wherein each branch operation wavelength is different, and the output end difference of each branch Each respective input that synthesis module 2 is controlled with phase and amplitude is connect;
In the present embodiment, the major loop of multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 is by semiconductor optical amplifier 1a, optically isolated Wavelength division multiplexer 1h, analyzer 1i, optical polarization controller 1j, the electrooptic modulator of wavelength division multiplexer 1c, n × 1 of device 1b, 1 × n 1k and optical polarization controller 1m are sequentially connected composition;Wherein n is the natural number more than 2;Radio frequency source 1l and electrooptic modulator 1k's Rf inputs connect;Multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 includes n optical branch, the output port and light of branch Polarization Controller ld input connections, the output end of optical polarization controller 1d connect with the input terminal of erbium-doped fiber amplifier 1e, mix The output end of doped fiber amplifier 1e is connect with the input terminal of photo-coupler 1f, and photo-coupler 1f includes two output ends, wherein One output end is connect with the input terminal of adjustable optical delay line 1g, another output end is then connected to phase and is synthesized with amplitude control On the corresponding input terminal of module 2, the output end of adjustable optical delay line 1g is connect with the wavelength division multiplexer 1h input ports of n × 1, And connect with major loop by being combined output port, an optical fiber ring laser is constituted, all branches are with above-mentioned connection side Formula connects.
Phase includes n optical branch with amplitude control synthesis module 2, wherein in any one branch, tunable optical delay The output end of line 2a is connect with the input terminal of adjustable optical attenuator 2b, and adjustable optical attenuator 2b output ends and optics combiner 2c are defeated Inbound port 2c connections;Optics combiner 2c combining output ports are connect with photodetector 2d input terminals, and signal is visited by photoelectricity It surveys device 2d detections and is exported from its output end;The input terminal of adjustable optical delay line 2a and multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 The output end of each branch be correspondingly connected with.
In 1 structure of multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module, each annular branch can be from one of photo-coupler 1f Photon radio-frequency signal of the output end output with different wave length and different harmonic frequencies.
The electrooptic modulator 1k is semiconductor electric absorption modulator or lithium niobate intensity modulator.
The phase and wavelength division multiplexer or n × 1 that the optics combiner 2c in amplitude control synthesis module 2 is n × 1 Photo-coupler;N is the natural number more than 2.
It is as follows using the concrete scheme of the present embodiment:
(1)Multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 is a mode-locked laser with the oscillation of n optics, including master Wavelength division multiplexer in loop and a pair of of loop(1c、1h)The optical branch of composition.When work, semiconductor optical amplifier 1a in main ring Since spontaneous radiation sends out wide spectrum optical, wave-length coverage isλ 1 2 , wavelength division multiplexer(1c、1h)Interface channel determine entire ring Shape branch oscillation wavelength, it is each annular branch between light field wavelength interval be Δλ, by adjusting the tunable optical in each branch respectively Delay line 1gn(n=1,2,3…)The delay of each road light field be can adjust to change the optical path length of each annular branch, that is, changed The chamber for becoming each loop independent resonant chamber is long, due to cavity moldf c =c/(n eff L),n eff It is intracavitary effective refractive index, L is annular chamber chamber It is long, therefore each adjustable optical delay line of branch of adjusting can cause corresponding each road cavity moldIt changes, and radio frequency source 1l is made to provide Modulating frequency fmWith each road cavity mold fmMeet rational number harmonic mode-locking condition, the light field signal of each annular branch output different wave length And the harmonic frequency of its output signalf k =bf m =(ab±c)f c (A, b, c are positive integer, c < b, and c and b is mutual prime rwmber).It is more The output of wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 is directly entered phase and controls synthesis module 2 with amplitude.
(2)Each road light field that synthesis module 2 is controlled into applying aspect and amplitude, successively by adjusting adjustable optical delay line 2an Adjust the envelope delay Δ T of harmonic signalnn=1,2,3…), adjust adjustable optical attenuator 2bn and control the power between each road signal Ratio detects after last each road signal synthesizes in optics combiner 2c through photodetector 2d, can obtain the light for wishing to generate Learn arbitrary function waveform signal.
Operation principle is:
Multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 is a mode-locked laser with the oscillation of n optics, including major loop With wavelength division multiplexer in a pair of of loop(1c、1h)The optical branch of composition.Analyzer 1i is placed on mach zhender tune in major loop Before device 1k processed, the light field polarization direction having the same of n annular branch can be allowed.MZ Mach-Zehnder 1k is mode locking Main devices in laser are driven by radio frequency source 1l.Optical polarization controller 1j, 1m can be controlled respectively into mach zhender The polarization state of n annular branch light field before modulator and the n annular branch exported after MZ Mach-Zehnder 1k modulation The polarization state of road light field.Semiconductor optical amplifier 1a is used as gain media in main ring and inhibits supermode noise to ensure to be System stablizes output.Effects of the optoisolator 1b in ring is to ensure that each light field is suitable in multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module 1 Hour hands transmit.Wavelength division multiplexer(1c、1h)Interface channel determine the wavelength of entire loop oscillation, each adjacent legs wavelength interval For Δλ, therefore 1 × n wavelength division multiplexers 1c can separate the interface channel of n different transmission wavelengths, each branch separated In erbium-doped fiber amplifier 1en(n=1,2,3…)It can be used to compensate the insertion damage of optical device in each annular mode-locked laser It consumes, the adjustable optical delay line 1gn in each branch(n=1,2,3…)Can adjust the optical path length of each annular branch from And the independent resonant chamber that chamber needed for each road is grown can be formed.Photo-coupler 1fn in each branch(n=1,2,3…)With two A light output end 1fn1,1fn2, an output end 1fn1 continuation transmit the road light field signal in mode-locked laser and enter n × 1 The input signal of n branch can be synthesized output by the wavelength division multiplexer wavelength division multiplexer of 1h, n × 1 1h, and in each adjacency channel Optical field wavelength difference is Δλ, therefore will not interfere.And photo-coupler 1fn(n=1,2,3…)Another output end 1fn2(n =1,2,3…)Each branch light field signal is exported into applying aspect and amplitude control module 2, phase and 2 each branch of amplitude control module On adjustable optical delay line 2an(n=1,2,3…)It can be to the envelope of each road signal of entrance into line delay, adjustable optical attenuator 2bn(n=1,2,3…)It can decay to the signal power for entering each branch, last each road light field is by the wavelength-division multiplex of n × 1 It is synthesized in the optics combiner 2c that device serves as, is detected later using photodetector 2d, finally obtained and wish generation Optics arbitrary function waveform signal.
Semiconductor optical amplifier 1a can send out width due to spontaneous radiation in 1 main ring of multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module Light is composed, wave-length coverage isλ 1 2 , and each annular branch is all the independent resonant chamber for having different cavity length, therefore in each branch Light field, which meets resonant cavity positive feedback and resonance condition, will determine between a series of frequency between starting of oscillation patterns and starting of oscillation pattern It is determined every by loop-length, i.e. resonant cavity cavity moldf c =c/(n eff L),n eff It is intracavitary effective refractive index, L is that annular chamber chamber is long.Have Manage number harmonic mode locking technology, i.e. modulating frequencyFor resonant cavity cavity moldA ± c/b(A, b, c are positive integer, c < b, and c and b For mutual prime rwmber)Times, that is to say, that as long as keeping the harmonic component sufficiently large, intracavitary is capable of providing enough gains in other words, so that it may To reach the pulse output of b frequencys multiplication.I.e. theoretically, modulating frequency f in multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laserm=(a±c/b)f c , respectively The harmonic frequency of branch output signalf k =bf m =(ab±c)f c .By adjusting adjustable optical delay line 1gn in each annular branch respectively The envelope delay of each road harmonic signal can be changed, i.e., each branch resonator length changes, and eventually leads to each annular branch Resonant cavity cavity moldf c It is different, finally make the harmonic frequency of the different wave length photon radiofrequency signal of each branch generationf k Each not phase Together, the laggard applying aspect of harmonic frequency and amplitude control module 2 of the photon radio-frequency signal of each annular branch generation, phase are appropriately selected The adjustable optical delay line 2an of position and each branch road in amplitude control module 2(n=1,2,3…)To the envelope of each road harmonic signal into Line delay, adjustable optical attenuator 2bn(n=1,2,3…)Adjustable attenuation is carried out to each light field amplitude, by each tributary signal The parameters such as harmonic frequency, phase and amplitude accurately control rear each branch light field and are synthesized in the wavelength division multiplexers of n × 1 2c, later It is detected by photodetector 2d, finally obtains the optics arbitrary function waveform signal for wishing to generate.
The embodiment of the present invention being not limited to described in specific implementation mode, those skilled in the art are according to the present invention Technical solution obtain other embodiments, also belong to the scope of the technical innovation of the present invention.Obvious those skilled in the art Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention by member without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.If in this way, the present invention These modifications and variations belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these changes Including modification.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis, including multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser Module (1), phase and amplitude control synthesis module (2), it is characterised in that:Multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module (1) is one A optical fiber ring laser for including more than two optics annular branches, wherein the operation wavelength of each branch is different, and each branch Output end respectively with phase and amplitude control synthesis module (2) each respective input connect;By adjusting each annular respectively Adjustable optical delay line 1gn (n=1,2,3 ...) is delayed with the envelope for changing each road harmonic signal in branch, i.e., each branch resonant cavity Chamber length changes, and eventually leads to each annular branch resonant cavity cavity mold fcDifferent waves that are different, finally generating each branch The harmonic frequency f of long photon radio-frequency signalkIt is different;The harmonic frequency for the photon radio-frequency signal that each annular branch generates is laggard Applying aspect and amplitude control module (2), the adjustable optical delay line 2an (n=of phase and each branch road in amplitude control module (2) 1,2,3 ...) to the envelope of each road harmonic signal into line delay, adjustable optical attenuator 2bn (n=1,2,3 ...) is to each light field amplitude Carry out adjustable attenuation.
2. the optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis according to claim 1, feature exist In:The major loop of the multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module (1) is by semiconductor optical amplifier (1a), optoisolator The wavelength division multiplexer (1c) of (1b), 1 × n, the wavelength division multiplexer (1h) of n × 1, analyzer (1i), optical polarization controller (1j), electricity Optical modulator (1k) and optical polarization controller (1m) are sequentially connected composition;Wherein n is the natural number more than 2;Radio frequency source (1l) with The rf inputs of electrooptic modulator (1k) connect;The multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module (1) includes two or more Optical branch, the output port of branch connects with optical polarization controller (ld) input, the output end of optical polarization controller (1d) It is connect with the input terminal of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (1e), the output end of erbium-doped fiber amplifier (1e) is defeated with photo-coupler (1f) Enter end connection, photo-coupler (1f) includes two output ends, the input terminal of one of output end and adjustable optical delay line (1g) Connection, another output end are then connected to phase on the corresponding input terminal of amplitude control synthesis module (2), and tunable optical is delayed The output end of line (1g) is connect with wavelength division multiplexer (1h) input port of n × 1, and is connected with major loop by being combined output port It connects, constitutes an optical fiber ring laser, all branches are connected with above-mentioned connection type.
3. the optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis according to claim 2, feature exist In:The wavelength division multiplexer (1c) of the 1 × n is the wavelength division multiplexer that input terminal port number is 1, output end port number is n;n For the natural number more than 2;The wavelength division multiplexer (1h) of n × 1 be input terminal port number be n, output end port number is 1 Wavelength division multiplexer;N is the natural number more than 2.
4. the optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis according to claim 1, feature exist In:The phase includes more than two optical branch with amplitude control synthesis module (2), wherein in any one branch, The output end of adjustable optical delay line (2a) is connect with the input terminal of adjustable optical attenuator (2b), adjustable optical attenuator (2b) output end It is connect with optics combiner (2c) input port (2c);Optics combiner (2c) is combined output port and photodetector (2d) is defeated Enter end connection, signal is detected by photodetector (2d) and exported from its output end;The input terminal of adjustable optical delay line (2a) It is correspondingly connected with the output end of each branch of multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module (1).
5. the optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis according to claim 1 or 2, feature It is:In multi-wavelength multifrequency mode-locked laser module (1) structure, each annular branch can be from the output of photo-coupler (1f) Photon radio-frequency signal of the end output with different wave length and different harmonic frequencies.
6. the optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis according to claim 2, feature exist In:The electrooptic modulator (1k) is semiconductor electric absorption modulator or lithium niobate intensity modulator.
7. the optical function signal generator of multi-wavelength harmonic frequency time history synthesis according to claim 1 or 4, feature It is:The phase and wavelength division multiplexer or n that the optics combiner (2c) in amplitude control synthesis module (2) is n × 1 × 1 photo-coupler;N is the natural number more than 2.
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