CN104850598A - Method for recovering backup of real-time database - Google Patents
Method for recovering backup of real-time database Download PDFInfo
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- CN104850598A CN104850598A CN201510210322.3A CN201510210322A CN104850598A CN 104850598 A CN104850598 A CN 104850598A CN 201510210322 A CN201510210322 A CN 201510210322A CN 104850598 A CN104850598 A CN 104850598A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering a backup of a real-time database and belongs to the field of application of the real-time database in an information-based system. The method comprises the steps as follow: offline performing total backup and recovering under the state that the database stops operating, online performing total backup and recovering under the state that the database is operated normally, and performing incremental backup and recovering under the state that the database is operated normally. The method achieves the condition of safe, stable and efficient data backup and data recovery of a real-time database system in a production environment under the premise that an upper application is not influenced. The method achieves a backup tool program to support total backup of the real-time database under the offline state and the online state, and simultaneously supports incremental data backup of the database under online state, and achieves a recovery tool program to support to settle and recover the backup file to ensure validity of the backup. By using the manner of backing up a file block, the method improves backup efficiency and greatly reduces influence of a backup procedure on the real-time database and the application thereof.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to real-time data base in information system application, particularly relate to the method for a kind of infosystem real-time data base at data backup and date restoring.
Background technology
Along with production system is information-based, the improving constantly of automatization level, the development of database technology and widespread use, for ensureing that integrated service information real time processing system (abbreviation comprehensive business system) 7 ╳ keeps the safety in production operation for 24 hours incessantly, improves the security and stability of comprehensive business system at system application and database aspect by software/hardware fault-tolerant technology usually.
System application common are the fault-tolerant techniques such as disk array machine, two-node cluster hot backup, the backup of stream band, mainly to be safeguarded by modes such as dual-computer redundancies from system application simultaneously and overlaps operational system more, ensure system stability.
Database aspect then to guarantee when system cloud gray model breaks down not obliterated data mainly through data base backup recovery technology.Common data base backup recovery scheme mainly contains physical backup and backup logic two kinds.The physical file in physical backup copies data storehouse enters tape or other storage mediums at (comprising control documents, data file, journal file etc.), is divided into again off-Line backup (cold standby) and on-line backup (hot standby) two kinds according to database running status.Off-Line backup refers to when closing database, by the physical file copy of database to storage medium, the order that general operating system carries and instrument have come, simple to operate, shortcoming is that this method often needs database to close, and the continuity for system application has certain influence.On-line backup refers to when database is opened and provided user to access, and physical file is done to the backup of operating system level, and shortcoming is operation more complicated, needs there is darker understanding to operating system.Backup logic backs up for data base logic assemblies such as user, table space, table, subregions, and generally data base logic module information being derived unloading is binary file, in recovery operation, the binary file of derivation is reloaded in target database.Feature is flexible operation, can realize the Data Migration between disparate databases, can back up individual data storehouse object.Many business database manufacturers adopt different implementations to provide much powerful logical tape Reading and writing instrument, as the export/import, data pump technology etc. of Oracle company.But existing backup logic method is for relevant database mostly, Backup and Restore for extensive filing stream data is difficult to meet in efficiency, and for process the real-time data base that extensive filing stream data is good at, its back-up restoring method then compares shortage at present, main results concentrates on checkpoint technology, log recording, agreement, repacking algorithm etc., but is mostly applicable to memory database aspect.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of real-time data base back-up restoring method, object is that the data store organisation of this real-time data base need meet following condition: 1, physical file comprises control documents, cache file, index file, data file, journal file in order to solve single real-time data base in the backup of local disk and recovery problem; 2, index file, data file are without time marking, cannot carry out off-line separation with the time period, namely not by copying separately the index of certain time period, data file backs up; The blocks of files of the data structure include file head 3, in data file and some even sizes, comprises some back end (back end is a data acquisition) in each blocks of files.
The technical solution used in the present invention mainly comprises three parts: one, off-line (database is out of service) full backup and recovery thereof, mainly solves the full backup in real-time data base situation out of service and full dose recovery; Two, online (database normally runs) full backup and recovery thereof, mainly solves full backup when real-time data base is opened and provides user's queried access and full dose recovery; Three, incremental backup and recovery thereof, when mainly solution real-time data base is opened and provides normal service, backs up the physical file newly increased or newly upgrade and recovers.
Method of the present invention has following features:
A () is applicable to real-time data base in information system application, particularly relate to infosystem real-time data base in data backup and date restoring.
B the data structure of () database specific and index file and data file are coupled respectively, without time marking, cannot carry out off-line separation with the time period, and not by copying separately the index of certain time period, data file backs up.
C () provides database to go offline and online two kinds of backup modes.
D () provides database physical file full dose and increment two kinds of Backup and Restore modes.
The mode that e blocks of files that () incremental backup is increased newly by backup data files, control documents, cache file and journal file combine realizes.
The Database Systems that f () is applicable to index, data file number increases according to the order of sequence.
Off-line full backup recovery scheme in the present invention comprises the steps:
Steps A: stop the real-time data base running, copies physical file successively to backup directory;
Step B: open control documents, read index file and data file list, updating file place catalogue is backup directory;
Step C: create full backup information log file, be kept in full backup catalogue.The data file that the numbering that opens file is maximum, read out File header information, according to the time of the last allocate file block of this acquisition of information database, the filename of this time and this file, document number, the deviation post of writing data are write in full backup information log file for incremental backup;
Step D: upgrade Backup History file, the information such as record BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, Backup end.
Step e: when off-line full dose is recovered, a set of database file that the physical file gone out due to off-line full backup is inherently complete, therefore can directly use the physical file in full backup catalogue to start database.
Online full backup recovery scheme in the present invention comprises the steps:
Steps A: add real-time data base and write lock, guarantees that database externally still provides inquiry business without new data process in backup procedure;
Step B: perform off-line full backup recovery scheme step B, C, D;
Step C: write lock to real-time data base solution, recovers real-time data base and submits process business to;
Step D: recover the same with off-line full dose, when online full dose is recovered, a set of database file that the physical file gone out due to full backup is inherently complete, therefore directly can use the physical file startup database in full backup catalogue.
Incremental backup scheme in the present invention comprises the steps:
Steps A: obtain incremental backup mode and beginning, end time.There is provided three kinds of incremental backup modes: 1. parameter is end time endTime, the All Files block of late allocation namely backing up from Last Backup time point to endTime.2. parameter is number of days N, namely backs up the All Files block that N days distribute after Last Backup time point.3. printenv, the All Files block distributed namely backing up from Last Backup time point to the current time in system;
Step B: Standby control file.Create incremental backup catalogue, name with the time.Under database control documents is copied to incremental backup catalogue;
Step C: backup cache file.Calling data bank interface, by data cached taking-up, writes in the cache file of user-defined format;
Step D: backup log file.Under database log file being copied to incremental backup catalogue;
Step e: backup incremental data file.Read backup information log file, the maximum document number recorded when obtaining Last Backup and skew, from this position, order file reading block is to the Backup end time, writes in user-defined format data file by the blocks of files read;
Step F: create incremental backup information log file, be kept in this incremental backup catalogue.The data file that the numbering that opens file is maximum, read out File header information, according to the time of the last allocate file block of this acquisition of information database, the filename of this time and this file, document number, the deviation post of writing data are write in incremental backup information log file for next incremental backup;
Step G: upgrade Backup History file, the information such as record BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, Backup end.
Incremental data recovery scheme in the present invention comprises the steps:
Steps A: by input parameter obtain release time point, sequential search incremental backup catalogue, select be less than or equal to release time point all incremental backup catalogues and full backup catalogue as recovery use catalogue;
Step B: with incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N be steps A obtain incremental backup catalogue number) under control documents F1 based on, adjusted by the control documents F2 under relatively more complete standby catalogue, if the measuring point in F1 exists in F2, then to adjust this measuring point be root node is root node pointer corresponding in F2, is convenient to connect full backup data.If the measuring point in F1 does not exist in F2, then illustrate that this measuring point is for newly-increased measuring point, is set to 0 by its root node pointer, is convenient to follow-up data and adds.If the measuring point in F2 does not exist in F1, then illustrate that this measuring point is deleted, delete this measuring point data.Make the final control documents F3 generated be the control documents putting the A moment release time;
Step C: the data in the control documents generated with step B and entirely standby catalogue, index file, for benchmark, start database D B_T temporarily;
Step D: read the user-defined format cache file under incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains), be written back to DB_T according to the order of sequence;
Step e: read the user-defined format data file under incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains), be written back to DB_T according to the order of sequence;
Step F: the journal file reading incremental backup catalogue n (1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains), obtains deletion data message wherein, delete the data in DB_T;
Step G: recurrence, to step B, realizes the file access pattern of whole increment catalogue, closes database D B_T.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
First, the feasible solution of complete set is provided to real-time data base data backup and date restoring aspect; Secondly, the backup of this programme incremental data and the implementation recovered, solve the defect of the disk space sharp increase using full backup to cause for a long time, save maintenance cost; Again, because incremental backup data amount is much smaller than full backup, therefore time overhead is more much smaller than full backup, has saved maintenance time and the cost of Backup Data; Finally, the incremental backup supporting database system on-line operation in scheme, does not affect the operation system put into operation, effectively ensure that operation system stability and validity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall realization flow figure of real-time data base back-up restoring method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the realization flow figure of the off-line full backup process in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the realization flow figure of the online full backup process in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the realization flow figure of the incremental backup process in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the realization flow figure of the increment recovery process in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The overall realization flow figure of real-time data base back-up restoring method of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.In figure, the module on the left side represents former real-time data base, and the module in the empty frame in the right represents that arrow to the right represents backup procedure for former real time data library backup file structure out, and wherein in the empty frame in the right, the module of the top is k
1the full backup that moment does former real-time data base, several modules below full backup represent k
2k
3k
4the incremental backup that moment does former real-time data base.Date restoring is then realized jointly by full backup module and several incremental modulars, such as, needs to recover k
3the database file in moment, then need full backup module, incremental backup one module and incremental backup two module jointly to complete date restoring.For the backup schematic diagram shown in accompanying drawing 1, suppose the working directory of former real-time data base be D: HS-1, former real-time data base be completed at k
1the full backup in moment and k
2k
3k
4the incremental backup (all backing up at local file system) in moment, and carry out date restoring to k according to backup file
4the database file in moment, concrete embodiment is as follows:
Step 1:k
1moment carries out online full backup to former real-time data base, generate full backup, full backup catalogue be set to D: HS-1-fbak, the file of backup comprises control documents CTL1, cache file CAH1, index file INX1, data file DAT1, journal file LOG1, backup information file BAKINFO1 and Backup History file BAKHIST1, wherein INX1, DAT1, LOG1 represent a class data acquisition respectively, may comprise multiple file.Accompanying drawing 2 is the workflow of off-line full backup, i.e. " cold standby " process, and mainly for the data backup under real-time data base halted state, its essence is copies data file; Accompanying drawing 3 is the workflow of online full backup, and its essence is locked into row copied files for adding to write to real-time data base.
Step 2:k
2in the moment, based on full backup, incremental backup is carried out to former real-time data base, generate incremental backup one.Suppose incremental backup catalogue be set to D: HS-1-ibak, then the catalogue at incremental backup one place be under this catalogue with the time name sub-directory: D: HS-1-ibak k
2, the delta file of generation comprises control documents CTL2, self-defined cache file ICAH1, self-defining data file ID AT1, journal file LOG2, backup information file BAKINFO2 and Backup History file BAKHIST2.
Self-defined cache file form is as follows:
struct Position_I
{
unsigned long long offset；
unsigned long long length；
}；
The file header of the standby CAH file of // increasing
struct CacheHeader
{
Unsigned long count; // current measuring point the number backed up
Position_I pointers [1]; The document misregistration that // current C acheValueBlock is corresponding in ICAH file
}；
struct CacheValueBlock
{
unsigned long id；
Unsigned int type; ///< measuring point type
Unsigned long count; ///< value number
DB_Value values [1]; ///< measuring point value array
}；
Self-defining data file layout is as follows:
struct BufferPointer
{
Unsigned long file; ///< document number
Unsigned long offset; Side-play amount in ///< file
}；
The file header of the standby file of // increasing
struct FileHeaderBlock_bak
{
int block_count；
BufferPointer block_pointer [BLOCK_COUNT]; Document misregistration corresponding in // former data file
Int block_type [BLOCK_COUNT]; // data type
}；
Step 3: in like manner, respectively at k3 ... in the k4 moment, based on last incremental backup, generate incremental backup two ... incremental backup N.Incremental backup is complete.
Step 4: the CTL2 in the CTL1 in full backup and incremental backup one is compared, and incrementally in data recovery scheme step B merge, generate new control documents CTL3, be placed in full backup catalogue, and based on full backup, start volatile data base DB_T.
Step 5: to read in incremental backup one in ICAH1 data cached is written to DB_T for order; The Backup Data that order reads in incremental backup one in IDAT1 is written in DB_T.
Step 6: read the deletion record in LOG2 in incremental backup one, delete the related data in DB_T.Close DB_T, complete k
2the date restoring in moment.
Step 7: iteration performs step 4-step 6, completes k
3k
4the date restoring in moment.
In sum, the present invention mainly solves real-time dataBase system in production environment, under the prerequisite not affecting upper layer application, and safety, stable, efficient data backup and date restoring problem.Comprise following content: realize a backup tool program, support the full backup of real-time data base under off-line and presence, the incremental data backup simultaneously under supporting database presence; Realize one and recover implementing procedure, support that carrying out arrangement to backup file out recovers, and guarantees the validity backed up; Adopt the mode of backup file block, improve backup efficiency, greatly reduce the impact that backup procedure is extremely applied real-time data base.
The present invention is illustrated according to on-the-spot project implementation example, the technical scheme that the form that therefore all employings are equal to replacement or equivalent transformation obtains, and all drops within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a real-time data base back-up restoring method, is characterized in that:
Described real-time data base back-up restoring method comprises: the off-line full backup under database run-stopping status and recovery thereof, mainly solves the full backup in real-time data base situation out of service and full dose recovery; Online full backup under database normal operating condition and recovery thereof, mainly solve full backup when real-time data base is opened and provides user's queried access and full dose recovery; Incremental backup and recovery thereof, when mainly solution real-time data base is opened and provides normal service, back up the physical file newly increased or newly upgrade and recover;
The data store organisation of described real-time data base meets: physical file comprises control documents, cache file, index file, data file, journal file; Index file, data file are without time marking; The blocks of files of the data structure include file head in data file and some even sizes, comprises some back end in each blocks of files.
2. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described off-line full backup and recovery thereof comprise the steps:
Steps A: stop the real-time data base running, copies physical file successively to backup directory;
Step B: open control documents, read index file and data file list, updating file place catalogue is backup directory;
Step C: create full backup information log file, be kept in full backup catalogue; The data file that the numbering that opens file is maximum, read out File header information, according to the time of the last allocate file block of this acquisition of information database, the filename of this time and this file, document number, the deviation post of writing data are write in full backup information log file for incremental backup;
Step D: upgrade Backup History file, the information such as record BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, Backup end;
Step e: when off-line full dose is recovered, a set of database file that the physical file gone out due to off-line full backup is inherently complete, therefore can directly use the physical file in full backup catalogue to start database.
3. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described online full backup and recovery thereof comprise the steps:
Steps A: add real-time data base and write lock, guarantees that database externally still provides inquiry business without new data process in backup procedure;
Step B: perform the step B of off-line full backup and recovery scheme thereof, C, D;
Step C: write lock to real-time data base solution, recovers real-time data base and submits process business to;
Step D: recover the same with off-line full dose, when online full dose is recovered, a set of database file that the physical file gone out due to full backup is inherently complete, therefore directly can use the physical file startup database in full backup catalogue.
4. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described incremental backup comprises the steps:
Steps A: obtain incremental backup mode and beginning, end time: provide three kinds of incremental backup modes: parameter is end time endTime, the All Files block of late allocation namely backing up from Last Backup time point to endTime; Parameter is number of days N, namely backs up the All Files block that N days distribute after Last Backup time point; Printenv, the All Files block distributed namely backing up from Last Backup time point to the current time in system;
Step B: Standby control file: create incremental backup catalogue, name with the time; Under database control documents is copied to incremental backup catalogue;
Step C: backup cache file: calling data bank interface, by data cached taking-up, writes in the cache file of user-defined format;
Step D: backup log file: under database log file being copied to incremental backup catalogue;
Step e: backup incremental data file: read backup information log file, the maximum document number recorded when obtaining Last Backup and skew, from this position, order file reading block is to the Backup end time, writes in user-defined format data file by the blocks of files read;
Step F: create incremental backup information log file, be kept in this incremental backup catalogue: the data file that the numbering that opens file is maximum, read out File header information, according to the time of the last allocate file block of this acquisition of information database, the filename of this time and this file, document number, the deviation post of writing data are write in incremental backup information log file for next incremental backup;
Step G: upgrade Backup History file, the information such as record BACKUP TIME, type of backup and backup directory, Backup end.
5. real-time data base back-up restoring method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described increment recovery comprises the steps:
Steps A: by input parameter obtain release time point, sequential search incremental backup catalogue, select be less than or equal to release time point all incremental backup catalogues and full backup catalogue as recovery use catalogue;
Step B: based on the control documents F1 under incremental backup catalogue n, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains, adjusted by the control documents F2 under relatively more complete standby catalogue, if the measuring point in F1 exists in F2, then to adjust this measuring point be root node is root node pointer corresponding in F2, is convenient to connect full backup data; If the measuring point in F1 does not exist in F2, then illustrate that this measuring point is for newly-increased measuring point, is set to 0 by its root node pointer, is convenient to follow-up data and adds; If the measuring point in F2 does not exist in F1, then illustrate that this measuring point is deleted, delete this measuring point data; Make the final control documents F3 generated be the control documents putting the A moment release time;
Step C: the data in the control documents generated with step B and entirely standby catalogue, index file, for benchmark, start database D B_T temporarily;
Step D: read the user-defined format cache file under incremental backup catalogue n, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains, and is written back to DB_T according to the order of sequence;
Step e: read the user-defined format data file under incremental backup catalogue n, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains, and is written back to DB_T according to the order of sequence;
Step F: the journal file reading incremental backup catalogue n, wherein, 1≤n≤N, N is the incremental backup catalogue number that steps A obtains, and obtains deletion data message wherein, deletes the data in DB_T;
Step G: recurrence, to step B, realizes the file access pattern of whole increment catalogue, closes database D B_T.
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