CN104833954A - Mine personnel security positioning system - Google Patents

Mine personnel security positioning system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104833954A
CN104833954A CN201510211780.9A CN201510211780A CN104833954A CN 104833954 A CN104833954 A CN 104833954A CN 201510211780 A CN201510211780 A CN 201510211780A CN 104833954 A CN104833954 A CN 104833954A
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China
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label
reader
module
radio frequency
positioning system
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赵彦如
王东升
王耿
苗炜丽
南慧娟
聂迪
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Henan University of Technology
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Henan University of Technology
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/14—Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V8/00—Prospecting or detecting by optical means
    • G01V8/10—Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mine personnel security positioning system. The mine personnel security positioning system is divided into an overground part and an underground part. An upper computer serves as the overground part. A label and a reader serve as the underground part. The label is connected with the reader through signals. The reader is connected with the upper computer through an RS485 bus. Model selection is carried out on the reader and a label chip, and a corresponding RFID reader and a label hardware system are designed. In the label, the power consumption of a microprocessor and a wireless module is the largest, so that the microprocessor and a radio frequency chip which are ultralow in power consumption are selected. The highly-integrated chip is selected, so that peripheral devices are reduced, and the power consumption is certainly reduced. The chip wide in work voltage range is selected, so that the label is enabled to work normally under a relatively low work voltage. The label is provided with a power supply switch, and the power supply switch is turned on by hands in use and is turned off by hands when not in use, so that the electricity is saved, and the power supplying time of a battery is prolonged. The design requirements of the system can be met by selection of a STC89C52RCRC/RD series of core chips.

Description

Mine personnel security positioning system
Technical field
The invention belongs to positioning equipment technical field, relate to a kind of mine personnel security positioning system.
Background technology
Coal is the important energy of China, in the production of the energy and account for 70% greatly in using, estimates that the year two thousand fifty also will reach more than 50%.Thus, in the future for a long period of time, coal will occupy critical role in the energy market of China, to promoting that the daily life level of the economic development of China and the raising people has very important effect.Rich coal resources in China, has the memory space up to 6,000 hundred million tons, but skewness, geologic structure relative complex.In addition, coal in China mining conditions is complicated, production environment is severe, production run is numerous and diverse, situation of production allows of no optimist, coal mining accident happens occasionally, thus the Safety production questions of coal mining enterprise to have become in the middle of progress of coal mining one can not be ignored principal element.In recent years, energy center of gravity tilts to coal by China, the U.S., India and other many energy superpowers in various degree gradually, and world's coal production output is significantly increased.The safety problem that certain coal produces in the middle of recovery process is subject to extensive concern.The feature of China's coal-mine accident is: dangerous large, involve wide, very large to the destruction of environment, easily form many injures and deaths, cause extremely severe social danger.
Nowadays, in big-and-middle-sized coal mining enterprise of China, monitoring system is widely used in Safety of Coal Mine Production, makes situation of production have sizable improvement in the coal mining enterprise of China, but comparing developed country still exists larger gap.And the frequent generation of coal mining accident in recent years and Post disaster relief efficiency on the low side, all reflect present stage supervisory system existing defects.The research of current Safety Work in Colliery is main comprehensive and apply multi-specialized expansion, as numerical evaluation, statement analysis management, graphic plotting etc., do not combine from bottom-layer design with set up Safety of Coal Mine Production information and carried out the Safety of Coal Mine Production work characteristics of decision-making by the network platform, this enforcement being unfavorable for Coalmine Safety Supervision, real-time management and carrying out security incident response process.Once accident of mine disaster occurs, aboveground managerial personnel are difficult in time, dynamically obtain the particular location of personnel in the pit distributes and handling situations, cannot provide authentic communication, causes that people search's rescue work is slow, effect is barely satisfactory.Effectively can not supervise some key posts and the work post of mine, some detection persons detect gas and perform not according to regulation simultaneously, and even forging gas data, is also the key factor that Safety of Coal Mine Production exists hidden danger.Therefore, standardized administration underground operators, real-time follow-up location is carried out to the colliery personnel of going into the well, even if generation accident of mine disaster, ground supervisor just can be distributed by quick position personnel positions by Managing system of above position machine, search-and-rescue work for down-hole trapped personnel provides strong scientific basis, reduces casualties and economic loss to a certain degree, has certain directive significance to Fast Reconstruction work after calamity.
Along with wireless communication technology, automatic identification technology and the computer networking technology development in monitoring of coal mine safety application, how to determine that the concrete condition of distress personnel in accident of mine disaster and distributing position are solved further.Particularly radio-frequency (RF) identification (RFID) technology is in the introduction of China and exploitation, personnel in the pit is located in real time and becomes feasible.Based on the mine personnel security positioning system of RFID technique, the position that its advantage is mainly reflected in personnel in the pit can obtain Real-Time Monitoring, existing resource can be fully used, coal mining enterprise's personal management mechanism is effectively strengthened, workload is necessarily alleviated, and work efficiency effectively improves.In addition, if have an accident, the information such as data, figure that rescue worker can provide according to Managing system of above position machine, the particular location distribution of quick grasp down-hole distress personnel, the corresponding project and measures of timely appointment carries out rescue operation, improve the efficiency of rescue work, at raising coal mine safety management and disaster relief work important role.Therefore the research has great significance to industrial security production aspect, colliery.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of mine personnel security positioning system, realize, to the function such as real-time location, display, management of personnel in the pit, realizing mine personnel secure localization.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of mine personnel security positioning system, is divided into aboveground and down-hole two parts, aboveground part is host computer, underground part is label and reader, and label is connected with reader by signal, and reader is connected with host computer by RS485 bus.
Feature of the present invention is also, reader is made up of reader main control module, reader wireless radio frequency modules, pyroelectric infrared sensor module, infrared processing module, alarm module, communication module, reader power module, clock module and antenna, and pyroelectric infrared sensor module is connected with infrared processing module, reader main control module successively; Alarm module, communication module, reader power module, clock module, reader wireless radio frequency modules are connected with reader main control module respectively, and antenna is connected with reader wireless radio frequency modules.
Reader main control module adopts STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer, comprises central processing unit, data-carrier store, program storage, I/O interface, Timer/Counter, asynchronous serial port, band point EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM and house dog construction module.
Reader wireless radio frequency modules adopts nRF24L01 radio transmitting and receiving chip, forms a single-ended matching network by crystal oscillator, decoupling capacitor, biasing resistor and antenna.
Pyroelectric infrared sensor module installs Fresnel Lenses additional.
Infrared processing module adopts PS202 chip, is made up of oscillator, analog to digital converter, arrowband and low-pass filter, serial line interface and level comparator.
Label is made up of label main control module, label wireless radio frequency modules, label power source module and peripheral serial line interface, label antenna, peripheral serial line interface, label main control module, label wireless radio frequency modules respectively with label power source model calling, connect successively between peripheral serial line interface, label main control module, label wireless radio frequency modules, label antenna is connected with label wireless radio frequency modules.
To the invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the Mine Personnel Positioning System present Research that comprehensive RFID technique and singlechip technology build, in conjunction with infrared detection technique, primary study RFID technique, rpyroelectric infrared Detection Techniques and the security positioning system constructed by host computer.Type selecting is carried out to reader and label chip, designs corresponding RFID reader and label hardware system.In label, the power consumption of microprocessor and wireless module is maximum, so will select microprocessor and the radio frequency chip with super low-power consumption.Under the precondition meeting label function, highly integrated chip to be selected as far as possible, so just can reduce peripheral components, reduction power consumption is played a role.Whether active label can normally work depends on the height of battery electric quantity, so will select the chip of wide region operating voltage as far as possible, ensures that label also can normally work under lower operating voltage.And label is furnished with power switch, manual unlocking during use, answers manual-lock when not using, and extends battery-powered time with save power.Select STC89C52RCRC/RD+ series core chip just can meet the designing requirement of system, this series monolithic travelling speed is high, low in energy consumption, has very strong antijamming capability, and instruction code is completely compatible with traditional 8051 single-chip microcomputers.Therefore native system selects STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer, to meet the performance requirement of system.NRF24L01 radio transmitting and receiving chip.Its inside is integrated with the modules such as power amplifier, crystal oscillator, frequency synthesizer, modulator, and enhancement mode ShockBurst technology is merged, wherein output power, address and communication channel can be configured it by program, be suitable for multichannel communication, and the power consumption of this chip is very low.Native system adopts active label, therefore wireless radio frequency modules does not need raising emissive power just can realize remote data communication.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of reader.
Fig. 3 is the structured flowchart of label.
Fig. 4 is the external structure of reader wireless radio frequency modules.
Fig. 5 is reader wireless radio frequency modules peripheral circuit diagram.
Fig. 6 is the application circuit of nRF24L01 radio frequency chip and single-chip microcomputer.
Fig. 7 is the formation basic theory figure of pyroelectric effect.
Fig. 8 is the pinouts of infrared processing module.
Fig. 9 is infrared processing module cut-away view.
Figure 10 is the application circuit of pyroelectric infrared sensor module and single-chip microcomputer.
In figure, 1. host computer, 2.RS485 bus, 3. reader, 4. label, 5. reader main control module, 6. pyroelectric infrared sensor module, 7. infrared processing module, 8. alarm module, 9. communication module, 10. reader power module, 11. clock modules, 12. reader wireless radio frequency modules, 13. antennas, 14. label power source modules, 15. label main control modules, 16. peripheral serial line interfaces, 17. label wireless radio frequency modules, 18. label antennas.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of mine personnel security positioning system of the present invention, be divided into aboveground and down-hole two parts, structure is as shown in Figure 1, aboveground part is host computer 1, underground part is label 4, and label 4 is connected with reader 3 by signal, and reader is connected with host computer 1 by RS485 bus 2.
When in the reading range that the personnel in the pit carrying label 4 enters reader 3, just self-contained information is sent to reader 3, this label information is uploaded to host computer 1 by the serial communication of RS485 bus 2 by reader 3 again, the database created by host computer 1 management system carries out exchanges data, realize the function such as real-time location, display, management to personnel in the pit, thus realize the design studies of mine personnel security positioning system.
Wherein, reader 3 is made up of reader main control module 5, reader wireless radio frequency modules 12, pyroelectric infrared sensor module 6, infrared processing module 7, alarm module 8, communication module 9, reader power module 10, clock module 11 and antenna 13, as shown in Figure 2; Pyroelectric infrared sensor module 6 is connected with infrared processing module 7, reader main control module 5 successively; Alarm module 8, communication module 9, reader power module 10, clock module 11, reader wireless radio frequency modules 12 are connected with reader main control module 5 respectively, and antenna 13 is connected with reader wireless radio frequency modules 12.
Reader main control module 5 adopts STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer, comprises central processing unit, data-carrier store, program storage, I/O interface, Timer/Counter, asynchronous serial port, construction module such as band point EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM and house dog etc.The key property of STC89C52RC chip: (1) Width funtion, is not afraid of shake.(2) ISP online programming is supported, without the need to Special programming/emulator; (3) totally 3 16 bit timings/counters, wherein timer 0 can use as 28 bit timing devices; (4) built-in house dog, without the need to outer watchdog; (5) super low-power consumption, superpower jamming performance.Select STC89C52RCRC/RD+ series core chip just can meet the designing requirement of system, this series monolithic travelling speed is high, low in energy consumption, has very strong antijamming capability, and instruction code is completely compatible with traditional 8051 single-chip microcomputers.Therefore native system selects STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer, to meet the performance requirement of system.
Reader wireless radio frequency modules 12 primary responsibility sends and receives radio frequency signal, adopts a novel radio radio-frequency receiving-transmitting device nRF24L01 radio transmitting and receiving chip that NordicVLSIN company of Norway produces.Its inside is integrated with the modules such as power amplifier, crystal oscillator, frequency synthesizer, modulator, and enhancement mode ShockBurst technology is merged, wherein output power, address and communication channel can be configured it by program, be suitable for multichannel communication, and the power consumption of this chip is very low.When working with the power of-6dBm, electric current only has 9mA, and the electric current of corresponding receiver only has 12.3mA, and nRF24L01 has power-down mode and the such low power mode of operation of idle pulley, so can design as required, more energy-conservation.Reader wireless radio frequency modules 12 is bridges that reader and label carry out radio communication, is the key of whole reader circuitry.It needs little peripheral component just can normally work.Its external structure as shown in Figure 4.NRF24L01 pin function is as table 1.
Table 1nRF24L01 pin function figure
The data processing method of nRF24L01 chip can be divided into two kinds: ShockBurst tMpattern and enhancement mode ShockBurst tMpattern.
(1) ShockBurst tMpattern
Be in ShockBurst tMduring pattern, nRF24L01 can be connected with the high speed microprocessor of low cost (MCU), and the high data rate using himself to provide just can carry out data processing or clock recovery.All igh-speed wire-rod production line are processed by the internal agreement of nRF24L01 chip, and chip provides a simple SPI compatibility interface for microprocessor, and data rate determined by the interface rate of single-chip microcomputer itself.By allowing the numerical portion of application microprocessor with slow running, maximise the data rate of RF communication layers simultaneously.ShockBurst tMpattern reduces the average consumed cur-rent in the middle of communication process.Be in ShockBurst tMduring receiving mode, when receiving effective address and data, IRQ notifies MCU, and MCU reads data received in RX fifo register afterwards.
After data are sent, IRQ notifies MCU, also shortens the development time of software like this while decreasing the workload of MCU.The TX fifo register that nRF24L01 inside has three kinds of different RX fifo registers (6 channels share) different with three kinds.In the middle of standby mode, power-down mode and wireless data transmission, MCU can access fifo register at any time.This allows SPI interface can carry out data transmission in the low-speed mode, also can be applied in the microprocessor hardware not having SPI interface.
(2) enhancement mode ShockBurst tMpattern
Enhancement mode ShockBurst tMpattern achieves simplification and the validity of bidirectional communication protocol execution.That is, transmit leg produces an answer signal after needing take over party to receive data, and whether transmit leg is detected has loss of data.Once there is loss of data, by resending the date restoring that function will be lost.And, enhancement mode ShockBurst tMpattern can control auto answer and retransmitting function simultaneously and not need to increase the workload of MCU.Therefore designed system adopts enhancement mode ShockBurst herein tMpattern.
Auto answer (RX): automatic answer function makes outside MCU to alleviate workload, also can without the need to requiring that hardware must have SPI interface in the application such as keyboard/mouse, thus reduce costs, reduce current drain, automatic answer function can also pass through the different data channel of SPI interface configuration.When autoanswer mode is activated, once receive effective packet, system is switched to sending mode at once and sends a data reception acknowledgement signal.After confirmation signal is sent, systematic evaluation is to normal mode of operation.PRIM_RX register and CE pin level height decide system and are in which kind of mode of operation.
Automatic retransmitting function (Automatic Retransmisson) (TX): automatically retransmitting function to as if the transmit leg of auto answer.In SETUP_RETR register, when data do not produce auto answer, it is used for calculating the number of times that is possibly retransmission of data.Send data, system all can be switched to receiving mode and the arrival of wait acknowledge signal within the time pre-set at every turn.After receiving answer signal, system will be switched to normal transmission mode.If do not have in TX fifo register data latency send and CE pin is low level, system will be switched to standby mode I.If do not have answer signal to be received, systematic evaluation, to sending mode, data is re-started transmission until answer signal is received or sending times has exceeded preset value (namely reaching maximum number of retransmissions).PWR_UP position is set to low level or terminates automatically to retransmit by unique method exactly, and data-bag lost counter is had no progeny and added 1 when every secondary data cannot send success i.e. in MAX_RT.
Identification of data packets and cyclic redundancy check (CRC): the PID (PacketIdentify Bit, identification of data packets) that each packet comprises two is that new data packets or the packet resend identify to the packet received.PID identifies and can prevent same packet from repeatedly entering MCU.Transmit leg often obtains a bag new data from MCU, and pid value just adds 1.PID and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) determine the packet or new packet that the data that receive resend.Lose if data exist, then pid value remains unchanged.If bag data are identical with the pid value of last bag data conversely, then nRF24L01 will contrast the cyclic redundancy check value of these two bags data, if cyclic redundancy check value is also identical, after so just illustrating, bag data are the same with last bag data content, just retransmit, rear bag data just can be rejected.
The peripheral circuit diagram of nRF24L01 radio frequency chip as shown in Figure 5.A single-ended matching network is formed by crystal oscillator, decoupling capacitor, biasing resistor and antenna.Antenna: ANT1 and ANT2 output pin is that antenna provides a balanced radio frequency and exports.Pin must pass through DC voltage, or by a radio frequency inductive or the central point of dipole antenna.Thering is provided when being in peak power output (0dBm) load to be 100 Ω+j175 Ω, when for simple matching network, lower loaded impedance (such as 50 Ω) can be obtained.
Crystal oscillator: frequency accuracy comprises original precision and the stability exceeding temperature and life-span.In order to allow crystal oscillator have lower power consumption and start-up time fast, the load capacitance value of general provision crystal oscillator is less.Setting C l=12pF is fine, but may use 16pF, if the equivalent capacity of crystal oscillator is set as smaller value, C 0also can normally work, but this can increase the cost of crystal oscillator itself.C 0representative value is generally set as 1.5pF, maximal value C 0max=7.0pF, as shown in table 2.
The application circuit of nRF24L01 radio frequency chip and single-chip microcomputer as shown in Figure 6.
Table 2nRF24L01 crystal oscillator specification
The passive pyroelectric infrared sensor of pyroelectric infrared sensor module 6 selection work in infrared band, carries out work by the infrared ray detecting human-body emitting.It is based on pyroelectric effect, namely when some crystal are heated, will produce at crystal two ends the electric charge that quantity is equal and symbol is contrary, and this polarization produced because of thermal distortion, is called as pyroelectric effect.Usually, the bound charge that crystal spontaneous polarization produces by from be attached in air plane of crystal free electron neutralize, its spontaneous polarization electric moment is not represented.When the temperature varies, the positive and negative charge centre of gravity place in crystal structure changes, and spontaneous polarization changes, and the electric charge of plane of crystal will be depleted, and the degree of charge depletion is directly proportional to degree of polarization.The formation basic theory of pyroelectric effect as shown in Figure 7.Major constituents is that the detecting element being of a size of 2 × 1mm made by a kind of material by high Seebeck coefficient.Two detecting elements are added in each sensor, and by them with opposite polarities in series, to suppress, because himself temperature raises the interference produced, generally field effect transistor and input resistance all to be loaded wherein, play the jamproof effect of impedance transformation.Pyroelectric infrared sensor must add that Fresnel Lenses could detect infrared radiation better.Experimental result shows, if pyroelectric infrared sensor is not with addition of Fresnel Lenses, and the detecting distance (known to human detection) of the 2m that only has an appointment, and with addition of after Fresnel Lenses, detecting distance can bring up to more than 10m, even can reach more than 20m.
Fresnel Lenses is different from general lens, and it have passed through particular design and is made of plastics, and it coordinates pyroelectric infrared sensor use can improve the receiving sensitivity of sensor thus the detecting distance of raising sensor and scope.It mainly contains two functions: one is focusing effect, infrared signal is focused on pir sensor.Second is surveyed area is divided into several " area pellucidas " and " dark space ", the destination object entering surveyed area just can occurrence temperature change, the present pyroelectric infrared sensor of this variant will make rpyroelectric infrared signal change, thus the electric signal changed.When there being biosome to move at surveyed area, through " area pellucida " and " dark space " alternately, a series of light pulse will being produced and enter sensor, thus the sensitivity of pir sensor is increased.Experimental result shows: the sensitivity of sensor is directly proportional to the translational speed of biosome, and namely the speed of the movement of biosome is faster, and sensitivity is then higher.
The principle of work of pyroelectric infrared sensor module 6 is as follows:
When pyroelectric infrared sensor does not detect human infrared radiation signal, the polarization produced due to two detecting element self causes the positive and negative charge that electric capacity two ends polarization is contrary, the quantity of electric charge is equal, and these two detecting elements are opposite polarities in series, therefore positive and negative charge is cancelled out each other, just can not generation current in loop, infrared sensor is with regard to no-output.When human body is not moved in the surveyed area of infrared sensor, the infrared energy be irradiated on two detecting element is equal, and reaching balance, equal and opposite in direction, opposite polarity photocurrent are just cancelled out each other in the loop, and infrared sensor does not still have signal to export.Only have when human motion, two equivalent capacitys of infrared sensor sensing unit just can produce different polarization charges, and now sensor just outwards can export electric signal.Therefore, this pyroelectric infrared sensor only has signal to export when human motion or motion, and can not produce signal output when human body is static, and has good antijamming capability.
Infrared processing module 7 adopts PS202 chip, and it is used for detecting sensor feeble signal carry out digital processing to it specially.This integrated chip high sensitivity, high-impedance switch dielectric amplifier input as the micro-signal of sensor, there is the analog to digital conversion of a 14 bit resolutions i.e. digital high-performance second order Butterworth LPF, directly to the pulse interface that microprocessor provides single line to export in inner structure simultaneously.In addition, this inside circuit also comprises stabilized voltage supply and internal clocking, interiorly at one time can gather multiple sensor signal.Its principal feature is as follows:
(1) there is digital signal processor (DSP);
(2) Differential Input;
(3) single wire serial interface (DOCI);
(4) low voltage operating;
(5) low-power consumption;
(6) Power Supply Rejection Ratio is high;
(7) high input impedance;
(8) input dynamic range is wide;
(9) microcontroller (MCU) is directly connected to.
The pin of infrared processing module 7 and inner structure, as shown in Figure 8, Figure 9.
The each pin function of PS202 chip is as shown in table 3.
The each pin function of table 3PS202 describes
As seen from Figure 9, PS202 is inner primarily of oscillator, analog to digital converter, arrowband and low-pass filter, serial line interface and level comparator composition.After signal input, direct current signal is converted to AC signal by oscillator, then voltage stabilizing is carried out through level comparator, simulating signal is converted to digital signal afterwards by analog to digital converter, obtain useful signal through digital second order Butterworth low pass ripple to export, then carry out further data transmission and processing by serial line interface.
The application circuit of pyroelectric infrared sensor module 6, infrared processing module 7 and single-chip microcomputer as shown in Figure 10.
Alarm module 8, when there being personnel in the pit to cross restricted area, the infrared signal that pir sensor will collect human body radiation and goes out, sends it to STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer and carries out control treatment after a series of process such as amplification, filtering, analog to digital conversion.Once collect infrared signal, then illustrate and have personnel in the pit to cross restricted area, now single-chip microcomputer sends to report to the police by alarm module triggering hummer and should exit restricted area support personnel safety immediately to remind staff to break bounds.
Reader power module 10 provides normal operating voltage for all components and parts of reader.The operating voltage of nRF24L01 radio frequency chip is+3.3V, because reader is fixed installation, so the power supply of DC voltage 5V can be used to obtain required+3.3V voltage through voltage stabilizing chip AMS1117-3.3.AMS1117-3.3 chip is a forward low dropout voltage regulator, and 1A current voltage drop is 1.2V, and precision can reach 1%, and its inside is integrated with Thermal protection and current limit circuit, and stabilized power source can be provided better normally to work for each module.
Communication module 9, the information of the signal collected and label is uploaded to aboveground Surveillance center by transmission network by serial line interface by reader, thus the analyzing and processing completed downhole data and real-time storage.Native system adopts RS485 bus as communication interface, selects MAX485 to realize level conversion.Because MAX485 adopts semiduplex communication mode, therefore its DE/DI holds and can be connected with P3.1 (TXD) mouth of single-chip microcomputer simultaneously, and RO end is connected with P3.0 (RXD) mouth of single-chip microcomputer.
Tag card must be considered to facilitate mine workman to carry when designing, and is arranged in mine lamp or on safety helmet or on waistband.In order to not affect the normal work of personnel in the pit, label volume should be little as far as possible; Again because underground coal mine environment is relatively more severe, for ensureing that label can normally work, label must have very high reliability and decipherment distance far away.And according to Underground Wireless Communication in Coal Mine feature, the Mine Communication frequency that native system adopts is international free frequency range 2.4GHz, and again because passive label decipherment distance is closer, therefore native system adopts active Microwave Tags.And the kernel control chip of label adopts the STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer identical with reader, radio frequency chip selects the radio frequency chip nRF24L01 identical with reader.
Label 4 is made up of label main control module 15, label wireless radio frequency modules 17, label power source module 14 and peripheral serial line interface 16, label antenna 17.Structure as shown in Figure 3.Peripheral serial line interface 16, label main control module 15, label wireless radio frequency modules 17 are connected with label power source module 14 respectively, connect successively between peripheral serial line interface 16, label main control module 15, label wireless radio frequency modules 17, label antenna 18 is connected with label wireless radio frequency modules 17.
Label main control module 15 is responsible for label and is received transmission data, and whether abstract factory normally works.Label wireless radio frequency modules 17 is responsible for the transmission of data.Label power source module 14 is responsible for the opening and closing that each parts of label provide normal operating voltage and can control power supply at any time.Peripheral serial line interface 16 is responsible for expanding so that second development and utilization chip.Native system adopts active label, therefore label wireless radio frequency modules does not need raising emissive power just can realize remote data communication.
The label main control module 15 of label 4 is corresponding with the reader main control module 5 of reader 3, and the label wireless radio frequency modules 17 of label 4 is corresponding with the reader wireless radio frequency modules 12 of reader 3.
Peripheral serial line interface 16 comprises serial line interface, I/O interface simulation interface, and serial line interface and I/O interface are the conveniently system integrations, and carry out secondary development to carry out serial communication or to expand new function, emulation interface is then for downloading and artificial debugging., in order to reduce costs, reduce volume, native system adopts plate to carry built-in PCB antenna.
In label, the power consumption of label main control module and label wireless module is maximum, so will select microprocessor and the radio frequency chip with super low-power consumption.Under the precondition meeting label function, highly integrated chip be selected, so just can reduce peripheral components, reduction power consumption is played a role.Whether active label can normally work depends on the height of battery electric quantity, so will select the chip of wide region operating voltage as far as possible, ensures that label also can normally work under lower operating voltage.And label is furnished with power switch, manual unlocking during use, answers manual-lock when not using, and extends battery-powered time with save power.
Native system adopts RSSI localization method to position, and realize simple, cost is lower.
Native system adopts RFID technique, sensor technology and computer communication technology to devise mine personnel security positioning system, and its major function comprises following three aspects:
1. Real-Time Monitoring locating personnel
Each personnel in the pit has unique message identification under ore deposit, and with indicate identification, this information is all stored in the label that personnel in the pit wears.When label is in the reading range of reader, self information is initiatively sent to reader by label, reader receives label information and calculates the distance with it by the signal intensity received simultaneously, then with reference to the coordinate of reader anchor point under ore deposit, just the position of these personnel can be determined, be uploaded to host computer finally by serial communication, by background data base, personnel positions shown.
2. safety monitoring
Pyroelectric infrared sensor is enclosed in this reader, when personnel in the pit enters restricted area, sensor Received signal strength, after the process such as amplification, filtering, convert digital signal to send single-chip microcomputer to, give the alarm after single-chip microcomputer Received signal strength, prompting personnel shift out restricted area as early as possible, thus eliminate to a greater extent owing to neglecting the potential safety hazard caused, and ensure the safety of personnel in the pit.If when running into burst accident, the position distribution situation of personnel can be determined by system, the disaster relief is provided and ensures more reliably.
3. personal management
Host computer background data base is created by Microsoft Access, and upper computer software carries out programming by Visual Basic6.0, realizes personal management, comprises real-time location, attendance management, personnel information management etc.

Claims (7)

1. a mine personnel security positioning system, it is characterized in that, be divided into aboveground and down-hole two parts, aboveground part is host computer (1), underground part is label (4) and reader (3), label (4) is connected with reader (3) by signal, and reader is connected with host computer (1) by RS485 bus (2).
2. a kind of mine personnel security positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described reader (3) is by reader main control module (5), reader wireless radio frequency modules (12), pyroelectric infrared sensor module (6), infrared processing module (7), alarm module (8), communication module (9), reader power module (10), clock module (11) and antenna (13) composition, pyroelectric infrared sensor module (6) successively with infrared processing module (7), reader main control module (5) connects, alarm module (8), communication module (9), reader power module (10), clock module (11), reader wireless radio frequency modules (12) are connected with reader main control module (5) respectively, and antenna (13) is connected with reader wireless radio frequency modules (12).
3. a kind of mine personnel security positioning system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described reader main control module (5) adopts STC89C52RC single-chip microcomputer, comprises central processing unit, data-carrier store, program storage, I/O interface, Timer/Counter, asynchronous serial port, band point EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) EEPROM and house dog construction module.
4. a kind of mine personnel security positioning system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described reader wireless radio frequency modules (12) adopts nRF24L01 radio transmitting and receiving chip, forms a single-ended matching network by crystal oscillator, decoupling capacitor, biasing resistor and antenna.
5. a kind of mine personnel security positioning system according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described pyroelectric infrared sensor module (6) installs Fresnel Lenses additional.
6. a kind of mine personnel security positioning system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described infrared processing module (7) adopts PS202 chip, is made up of oscillator, analog to digital converter, arrowband and low-pass filter, serial line interface and level comparator.
7. a kind of mine personnel security positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described label (4) is by label main control module (15), label wireless radio frequency modules (17), label power source module (14) and peripheral serial line interface (16), label antenna (17) forms, peripheral serial line interface (16), label main control module (15), label wireless radio frequency modules (17) is connected with label power source module (14) respectively, peripheral serial line interface (16), label main control module (15), label wireless radio frequency modules connects between (17) successively, label antenna (18) is connected with label wireless radio frequency modules (17).
CN201510211780.9A 2015-04-29 2015-04-29 Mine personnel security positioning system Pending CN104833954A (en)

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