CN104820771B - A kind of aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade determines method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade determines method, first to maturity classification and it is defined, and according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the difference of product, the essential elements of evaluation that each grade is chosen in maturity essential elements of evaluation table is manufactured from aerospace engineering, it is determined that the weight of each key element；It is then determined that the maturation index threshold value for judging maturity grade, and according to the maturation index of maturation index calculation formula calculating preliminary assessment grade；Finally selected to calculate maturation index to greater degree or more inferior grade according to the maturation index of self-appraisal grade, it is determined that final maturity grade.The final maturity grade determination for realizing aerospace engineering manufacturing technology or product of the invention, give the aerospace engineering quantitative calculation method that manufacture maturity grade determines, China's aerospace engineering manufacturing technology and the demand of product maturity state evaluation are met to the full extent, ripe plan is manufactured for aerospace engineering, manufacturing capacity provides powerful.
Description
Technical field
To determine that method, more particularly to one kind are directed to aerospace engineering manufacture characteristic the present invention relates to one kind manufacture maturity grade
The manufacture maturity grade of formulation determines method, belongs to technology evaluation field.
Background technology
Aerospace engineering and the high new equipment of national defence mainly face two Risks, when jejune design, second, jejune
Manufacturing capacity.U.S. NASA is analyzed 50 space systems between 1960 to 2000 years, finds to cause these numerous
In the reason for thrashing, the manufacturing is to be only second to the second fiasco key element of design.Audit in U.S.A. affixes one's name to (GAO) by U.S.
Great the problems such as purchasing the hydraulic performance decline occurred in project, cost increase and construction delay of Ministry of National Defence of state (DoD), is analyzed,
It was found that main cause one is the key decision point shortage manufacturing knowledge in Defense Acquisition project, second, lacking early stage in Project-developing
Evaluation to manufacture, lack unified evaluation criterion.China's aerospace engineering is attached great importance to production and manufacturing management in particular how
The maturity state of manufacture is evaluated using the method for objective quantification, demand is urgent.
Maturity (Manufacturing Readiness Levels, MRLs) is manufactured, is being adopted for measurement for DoD propositions
Do manufacturing technology in project, technique, product, the concept of manufacturing capacity maturity state, it is therefore an objective to it is determined that manufacture maturity state, management
The manufacture risk of project is purchased with control.At present, manufacture maturity has been written into DoD Defense Acquisition Regulations, and the code requirements are in weight
The key node of Big A project carries out manufacturing the determination of maturity grade.Some important mechanisms of the U.S., for example, Boeing, Lip river horse,
GE, Thunder God, Xi Kesiji, Honeywell etc. are also using the manufacture wind in the identification of manufacture maturity theory and management Project R＆D
Danger.
DoD manufacture maturity method is divided into 10 grades, originates in determination manufacture intension (1 grade of MRL), and it is complete to terminate at realization
Speed production capacity, turn to lean production (10 grades of MRL).The intension of this method is, for there is batch system of production capacity requirement
Make, emphasize, by constantly building manufacturing capacity in manufacture each rank of maturity, progressively to simulate and realize full rate production capacity
Maturation.
DoD manufacture maturity method, which is applied to China's aerospace engineering, has certain limitation.China's Aerospace manufacturing from
Two classes are can be largely classified into for production batch mode：The first kind is that have the manufacture of batch production requirements, such as tactical weapon etc.
System-level product and part unit level, component-level, component level product, the second class are with single-piece (including few more of quantity
Part) based on manufacture, such as the Complex Structural System such as strategic arms, carrier rocket, satellite, airship and detector and other units
The product of level, component-level and component level.DoD manufacture maturity method is applicable for the manufacture of the above-mentioned first kind with certain
Property, but for the second class manufacture, i.e., by single-piece manufacture with the characteristics of manufacture type, DoD manufacture maturity grade determination side
Method is less applicable.Reason is, by single-piece manufacture with the characteristics of space product there is usually no batch production requirements, do not possess biography yet
Production line in meaning of uniting, it manufactures ripe process and target and DoD manufacture maturity method is not consistent.So mesh
Preceding China's space flight still lacks a kind of comprehensive, suitable for different manufacture batch modes manufacture maturity grade and determines method.
The content of the invention
The technology of the present invention solves problem：Existing foreign-made maturity assessment method is overcome in China's aerospace engineering
The limitation of application aspect, it is proposed that a kind of aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade determines method, enters to Aerospace manufacturing maturity
Go classification, each grade has been defined, while give aerospace engineering manufacture maturity essential elements of evaluation table, maturation index meter
Calculate formula and grade determines method, the maturity grade for finally realizing aerospace engineering manufacturing technology or product determines.The present invention
The quantitative calculation method of aerospace engineering manufacture maturation index and the grade of maturity are given, meets China to the full extent
Aerospace engineering manufacturing technology and the demand of product maturity state evaluation, ripe plan, manufacturing capacity are manufactured for aerospace engineering
Provide powerful.
The present invention technical solution be：A kind of aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade determines method, it is characterised in that
Step is as follows：
(1) aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade is divided into 10 grades, and the maturity of each grade is defined；
(2) according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the difference of product, manufacture in maturity essential elements of evaluation table and select from aerospace engineering
The essential elements of evaluation of each grade is taken, and determines the weight of each key element, each grade essential elements of evaluation weight of the selection takes
It is 0~1 to be worth scope, and all essential elements of evaluation weight sums are 1；
(3) according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the difference of product, maturation index for determining maturity grade is provided
Threshold value R；
(4) according to preliminary assessment grade i set in advance, the essential elements of evaluation and the weight of each key element in step (2), meter are utilized
Calculate manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product preliminary assessment grade i maturation index ri, the maturation index riBy formula：
Provide, the number for the essential elements of evaluation that wherein n chooses for i-th of grade, ξijFor i-th of grade, j-th of essential elements of evaluation
Weight, MijValue is 0 or 1, if meeting i-th of grade, j-th of essential elements of evaluation, MijFor 1, otherwise, MijFor 0；
(5) if manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product preliminary assessment grade i set in advance maturation index r in step (4)iIt is more than
Equal to R, then the maturation index of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product greater degree is calculated successively, if r be presenti′>=R and ri′+1<R, then
Manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the final maturity grade of product are i '；If in step (4) manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product just
Comment grade i maturation index riLess than R, then the maturation index of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product more inferior grade is calculated successively,
If r be presenti″>=R and ri″+1<R, then manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the final maturity grade of product are i ".
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) the invention provides a kind of aerospace engineering manufacturing technology of scientific quantification and the manufacture maturity determination side of product
Method, help to grasp manufacturing technology, product, the current situation of manufacturing capacity and maturity grade, be easy to weigh current state and
The gap of target call, finds short slab and deficiency present in current manufacture, and help is provided for manufacture risk management and control；
(2) the aerospace engineering manufacture maturity essential elements of evaluation table and maturity tier definition provided in the present invention is applied to boat
It different manufacture batch modes (single-piece manufactures and batch production), according to aerospace engineering manufacturing technology to be evaluated and product not
Same feature, use can be reduced；
(3) it is ripe that the aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade provided in the present invention determines that method embodies aerospace engineering manufacture
Feature, the manufacture key element being concerned about from the existing manufacturing management process of space flight, formulates from links such as people, machine, material, method, ring, surveys and makes
Maturity essential elements of evaluation table is made, manufacture maturation index is calculated, and determine maturity grade.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Embodiment
It is as shown in Figure 1 flow chart of the method for the present invention, from fig. 1, it can be seen that a kind of aerospace engineering manufacture provided by the invention
Maturity grade determines method, and step is as follows：
(1) aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade is divided into 10 grades, and the maturity of each grade is defined；It is described
The maturity definition of each grade is as shown in table 1：
Table 1
The term being related in table 1 is explained：
Some terms are used in Aerospace manufacturing maturity tier definition, these terms of accurate understanding manufacture for grasping
Maturity intension at different levels and requirement play an important role.The important terms that manufacture maturity is related in defining mainly include three sides
Face：When goods support, i.e. manufacturing object, including concept exemplar, principle exemplar, demonstration exemplar, engineering exemplar etc.；Second, production
Environment, including laboratory environment, associated production environment, typical production environment etc., production environment here not only refer to temperature,
The environment of the narrow senses such as humidity, but a kind of concept of broad sense, refer to each manufacture key element (such as equipment/instrument, personnel, technique, material
Material, environment etc.) a kind of ripe state；Third, the experimental enviroment of demonstration and verification is carried out to goods support, including simulation uses ring
Border, typically used as environment etc..
1) concept exemplar：For the exemplar verified the feasibility of new manufacturing technology principle and manufactured.Generally, concept exemplar
Expectation function can be realized to a certain extent, but its material, performance, profile, size etc. are larger relative to final products difference,
May also be without specific type of project demand.
2) principle exemplar：For demonstrating manufacturing technology principle, checking key manufacture or technique in laboratory environment
The tests exemplar for meeting research of technique requirement and manufacturing.Usual principle exemplar is in material, technique, profile, size, performance etc.
Certain difference be present with final products, but required relative to concept exemplar closer to final products.
3) exemplar is demonstrated：For the exemplar that manufacturing technology and manufacturing capacity are verified in associated production environment and is manufactured.Drill
Material, appearance and size, function and the performance of sample part nearly or substantially reach the requirement of final products, and it will be with it
Its part, unit or subsystem are integrated into the demonstration model of system, carry out demonstration examination in the simulation use environment of high fidelity
Checking.
4) engineering exemplar：For verifying that manufacturing technology and manufacturing capacity meet Project R＆D requirement in typical production environment
And the tests exemplar manufactured.The use that material, appearance and size, function and the performance of engineering exemplar have reached final products substantially will
Ask, it will be integrated into the engineering prototype of system with other parts, unit or subsystem, carries out experiment in typically used as environment and tests
Card.
5) laboratory environment：For verifying the simple manufacturing environment of manufacturing technology and manufacturing theory, being manufactured in the environment will
The state of plain (such as equipment/instrument, personnel, technique, material etc.) is not usually the production factors of final authenticity, and most lifelong
The state difference of key element is produced away from larger.
6) associated production environment：Refer to that each manufacture key element (such as equipment/instrument, personnel, technique, material, environment etc.) connects
The concept of a kind of broad sense of state during nearly final production.Produce in relevant environment, workshop possesses one during final production
The equipment of most criticals, personnel, instrument, material etc. a bit, comparison of processes is ripe, close to final state of the art.
7) typical production environment：Refer to each manufacture key element (such as equipment/instrument, personnel, technique, material, environment etc.) base
Originally a kind of concept of broad sense of final production key element state is met.The environment possesses all true in final production key element substantially
Real key element, equipment/instrument, personnel's technical ability, facility, material etc. substantially meets final production requirement, and process is ripe, as far as possible
Use final production technique, technological order specification.
8) use environment is simulated：A special subset of use environment, simulate in final use environment it is most important,
The aspect of most critical.It is often referred to ground environment, and for the key technology in close relations with space environment, it simulates use environment
Also include space fight environment.
9) typically used as environment：The environment embodies all key elements of final use environment substantially, is real, tool
Representational use environment.
10) fidelity：Fidelity refers to similarity degree of the current state relative to final claimed condition.Be generally divided into it is low,
Middle and high fidelity.
As shown in table 1, Aerospace manufacturing maturity is divided into 10 ranks, and 1 grade of maturity is minimum, 10 grades of maturity highests.Boat
Two aspect contents are paid close attention in its manufacture maturity definition, first, manufacturability, i.e., the performance that can produce engine request is steady
Fixed product, it is 1 grade of content to 7 grades of Special attention will be given tos, it is desirable to produce engineering in gradual perfection and ripe production environment
Required product, and pass through corresponding verification experimental verification.Second, productibility, that is, realize the production capacity that engineering finally requires, it is 8
Level is to 10 contents mainly emphasized.
Analyzed during use firstly the need of to assessed object, if having the manufacture type of batch production requirements, then directly
Connect using the definition in table 1；If single-piece manufacture (or quantity few more than one piece) type, then need to determine the grade in table 1
Justice is cut, and the tier definition of the type manufacture only includes 9 grades of grade 1- grades in table 1, and in grade 8, grade 9 not
Include the content of small lot production.
(2), will from aerospace engineering manufacture maturity assessment according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the different manufacture characteristics of product
The essential elements of evaluation of each grade is chosen in plain table, and determines the weight of each key element, each grade essential elements of evaluation of the selection
The span of weight is 0~1, and all essential elements of evaluation weight sums are 1；The aerospace engineering manufactures maturity essential elements of evaluation table
Include the essential elements of evaluation table of 10 grades, respectively as shown in 2~table of table 11,2~table of table 11 represents commenting for maturity grade 1 successively
Valency key element table to maturity grade 10 essential elements of evaluation table,
Essential elements of evaluation table shown in 2~table of table 11 is general essential elements of evaluation table.Choose manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product
Essential elements of evaluation when, the manufacture characteristic of object to be evaluated need to be analyzed, if object to be evaluated belongs to single-piece manufacture category, evaluated
It can be reduced on series-produced content in key element table.
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
| Sequence number | Essential elements of evaluation |
| 1 | Whether final products are verified in use environment by execution task |
| 2 | Whether the related request of small serial production ability specify that |
| 3 | Whether design, technique, material, equipment, personnel etc. meet small lot production requirement |
| 4 | Whether production capacity has reached the expected requirement of small lot production |
Table 11
| Sequence number | Essential elements of evaluation |
| 1 | Whether the related request of production in enormous quantities ability specify that |
| 2 | Whether design, technique, material, equipment, personnel etc. meet batch production requirements |
| 3 | Whether production capacity has reached expected requirement |
| 4 | Whether product is verified by widely using |
(3) according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the difference of product, maturation index for determining maturity grade is provided
Threshold value R；
(4) according to preliminary assessment grade i set in advance, the essential elements of evaluation and the weight of each key element in step (2), meter are utilized
Calculate manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product preliminary assessment grade i maturation index ri, the maturation index riBy formula：
Provide, the number for the essential elements of evaluation that wherein n chooses for i-th of grade, ξijFor i-th of grade, j-th of essential elements of evaluation
Weight, MijValue is 0 or 1, if meeting i-th of grade, j-th of essential elements of evaluation, MijFor 1, otherwise, MijFor 0；
(5) if in step (4) the preliminary assessment grade i of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product maturation index riMore than or equal to R, then
The maturation index of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product greater degree is calculated successively, if r be presenti′>=R and ri′+1<R, then system to be evaluated
The final maturity grade for making technology or product is i '；If the preliminary assessment grade i of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product in step (4)
Maturation index riLess than R, then the maturation index of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product more inferior grade is calculated successively, if r be presenti″≥R
And ri″+1<R, then manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the final maturity grade of product are i ".
Embodiment
According to engineering demand, the maturity grade that certain bay section manufactures need to be determined.According to the classification of manufacture maturity and grade
Definition, preliminary assessment grade is 5 grades of MRL, and the maturation index threshold value for being used to determine final maturity grade set is 0.8.
Because bay section manufacture belongs to single-piece manufacture (or quantity few several), in the absence of batch production requirements, so
In general 5 grades of essential elements of evaluation tables of MRL, select correct essential elements of evaluation and provide the weighted value of each essential elements of evaluation, and determine each
Essential elements of evaluation meets situation, and M values are 1 when meeting, M values are 0 when being unsatisfactory for.As a result it is as shown in table 12.
According to the maturation index calculation formula of above-mentioned steps (4), the maturation index r of calculating preliminary assessment grade5=1, more than threshold
Value 0.8.According to above-mentioned steps (5), the maturation index of higher level, i.e. 6 grades of MRL need to be calculated.It is the essential elements of evaluation that 6 grade of MRL, each
The weight and M values of essential elements of evaluation are as shown in table 13.According to maturation index calculation formula, the maturation index that 6 grades of MRL is r6=
0.55, less than threshold value 0.8, then the final maturity grade of the bay section is 5 grades of MRL.
Table 12
Table 13
Claims (2)
1. a kind of aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade determines method, it is characterised in that step is as follows：
(1) aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade is divided into 10 grades, and the maturity of each grade is defined；
(2) according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the difference of product, manufacture in maturity essential elements of evaluation table and chosen often from aerospace engineering
The essential elements of evaluation of one grade, and the weight of each key element is determined, the value model of each grade essential elements of evaluation weight of the selection
It is 0~1 to enclose, and all essential elements of evaluation weight sums are 1；
(3) according to manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the difference of product, the threshold value of the maturation index for determining maturity grade is provided
R；
(4) according to preliminary assessment grade i set in advance, treated using the essential elements of evaluation in step (2) and the weight of each key element, calculating
Evaluate manufacturing technology or product preliminary assessment grade i maturation index ri, the maturation index riBy formula：
Provide, the number for the essential elements of evaluation that wherein n chooses for i-th of grade, ξijFor the power of i-th of grade, j-th of essential elements of evaluation
Weight, MijValue is 0 or 1, if meeting i-th of grade, j-th of essential elements of evaluation, MijFor 1, otherwise, MijFor 0；
(5) if manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product preliminary assessment grade i set in advance maturation index r in step (4)iIt is more than or equal to
R, then calculate the maturation index of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product greater degree successively, if r be presenti′>=R and ri′+1＜ R, then treat
The final maturity grade for evaluating manufacturing technology or product is i '；If the preliminary assessment of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product in step (4)
Grade i maturation index riLess than R, then the maturation index of manufacturing technology to be evaluated or product more inferior grade is calculated successively, if
R be presenti″>=R and ri″+1＜ R, then manufacturing technology to be evaluated or the final maturity grade of product are i "；
Aerospace engineering manufacture maturity essential elements of evaluation table in the step (2) includes the essential elements of evaluation table of 10 grades, respectively
As shown in 2~table of table 11,2~table of table 11 represents the essential elements of evaluation table of maturity grade 1 to the evaluation of maturity grade 10 successively
Key element table：
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
。
2. a kind of aerospace engineering manufacture maturity grade according to claim 1 determines method, it is characterised in that：The step
Suddenly the maturity definition of each grade is as shown in table 1 in (1)：
Table 1
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| CN106251087A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2016-12-21 | 中国航天标准化研究所 | A kind of quantitative quality evaluation method for large complicated aerospace system |
| CN107220168B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2021-11-05 | 中国人民解放军装备学院 | Information system maturity evaluation method based on integration |
| CN107730075A (en) * | 2017-09-12 | 2018-02-23 | 西南石油大学 | Aeronautical product development process control method based on maturity |
| CN111091266A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-05-01 | 青岛民航空管实业发展有限公司 | Grade determination method and device of empty management station and storage medium |
| CN111126796B (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2021-08-20 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Capability level evaluation method of model-driven enterprise |
| CN111639871A (en) * | 2020-06-04 | 2020-09-08 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Civil aircraft reliability test assessment method |
| CN113313395B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-04-18 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Quantitative evaluation method for manufacturing maturity of electronic equipment |
| CN113656970A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-16 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Aircraft engine product process lifting method, system, equipment and medium |
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