CN104795120A - Thermonuclear cell - Google Patents
Thermonuclear cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN104795120A CN104795120A CN201510021013.1A CN201510021013A CN104795120A CN 104795120 A CN104795120 A CN 104795120A CN 201510021013 A CN201510021013 A CN 201510021013A CN 104795120 A CN104795120 A CN 104795120A
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- thermonuclear
- electric cell
- thermonuclear electric
- cell according
- silicon wafer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
- G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
- G21H1/10—Cells in which radiation heats a thermoelectric junction or a thermionic converter
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a thermonuclear cell which is low in cost, safe to operate and high in isotope irradiation conversion efficiency. The thermonuclear cell comprises at least one thermonuclear cell unit. Materials containing beta radiation sources are utilized by the thermonuclear cell unit to serve as an emitting electrode. Silicon wafers, alloy sheets, permanent magnetic pieces and capacitor plates are symmetrically arranged from near to far with the emitting electrode as the center. The silicon wafers with special structures are utilized by the thermonuclear cell, the contact area between the silicon wafers and energetic particles emitted by splitting of radioactive isotopes is increased, and the conversion efficiency is improved. The silicon wafers and the alloy sheets coated by special coating layers are utilized, the thermomagnetic properties of the silicon wafers and the alloy sheets are utilized to improve the utilization efficiency of heat energy, and the pyroelectricity capacity of the silicon wafers is integrated, so that the output electric energy is increased. It is confirmed by the experiments that the thermonuclear cell uses tritium as the radioactive source, the dimension of 160*87*23 mm is utilized, the discharge voltage reaches 3.7V to 4.2V, the mobile phone access current reaches 850 mA to 1000 mA, and the current is attenuated by 50% in twelve years, the thermonuclear cell can be used continuously for at least 6 years during the discharge, and the conversion efficiency of nuclear isotope reaches 25% to 30%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thermonuclear electric cell, particularly relate to a kind of with Strontium-90 or tritium for radioactive source, by semiconductor transducing head, radioactive source is constantly released in decay process year energy ray with electric energy and heat energy, and allow this energy conversion be electric energy and collect the device of this electric energy.
Background technology
Nuclear battery, also known as isotope battery, it utilizes radioisotope decays to release to carry energy particle (as α particle, β particle and γ particle) and the device converting its energy to electric energy.By the height of the voltage provided, nuclear battery can be divided into high-pressure type (hundreds of is to several thousand V) and low-pressure type (about tens mV to 1V) two classes.
Nuclear battery makes substantial progress and starts from the 1950's, because it has the advantages that volume is little, lightweight and the life-span is long, and its energy size, speed do not affect by the temperature, chemical reaction, pressure, electromagnetic field etc. of external environment, therefore, it can work in very large temperature range and rugged environment.At present in field successful Application such as space flight, polar region, pacemakers.
But nuclear battery is applied on mobile phone and other little power consumption equipment, and the battery pot life is very short, device efficiency, lower than 0.1%, radiates the high nuclear battery of conversion efficiency in the urgent need to limit for length, isotope during a kind of electric discharge.
CN102737747A discloses a kind of miniature tritium battery, is made up of some layers of tritium battery unit, protective materials, shell and electrode, and wherein tritium battery unit is made up of the tritiate nano-structure porous silicon of monocrystalline silicon and inside thereof.But the conversion efficiency improving tritium radiation is by this method still very limited.
CN102446572A discloses a kind of tritium isotope microcell and preparation method thereof, and described minicell contains transducing unit and appurtenances two parts, wherein the Si of transducing unit
3n
4layer is positioned at silica-based PN junction upper surface; Ring electrode in appurtenances is at Si
3n
4the extension of layer.Titanium deuteride+titanium tritide emission coating is successively at Si
3n
4layer upper surface evaporation layer gold, nickel dam, be then made with deuterium tritium mixed gas.This tritium isotope microcell can realize electric current 40nA ~ 1 μ A, power 6nW ~ 0.1 μ W, within more than 6 years, uninterruptedly export electric energy, but the cost of this tritium isotope microcell is high, is not suitable for equally applying.
Summary of the invention
The present invention solves the aforementioned problems in the prior proposition.
The invention provides the thermonuclear electric cell that a kind of cost is low, handling safety, isotope radiation conversion efficiency is high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
One aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of thermonuclear electric cell, comprise at least one thermonuclear electric cell unit, described thermonuclear electric cell unit using the material containing beta ray source as emitter, near to being far symmetrical arranged centered by this emitter: silicon wafer, alloy sheet, permanent magnetism sheet, capacitor board.
Preferably, the material of described beta ray source is selected from any one in Strontium-90, tritium.
Preferably, arranged by several cellular hexagonal structure in the surface of described silicon wafer.The hexagonal structure that inside also comprises at least two different depths, the length of side reduces successively of described single hexagonal structure.Adopt the silicon wafer of this structure to be conducive to increasing the contact area of carrying energy particle of releasing with radioisotope decays, improve conversion efficiency.
Hexagonal structure on above-mentioned silicon wafer surface is realized by etching technique.
Preferably, one deck bismuth telluride thin film is had, to strengthen fluorescence reaction in the load in the one side of described emitter of described silicon wafer.
Preferably, the material of described alloy sheet is preferably rare metal; One deck barium titanate film is had in the load in the one side of described silicon wafer of described alloy sheet.
Preferably, described alloy sheet is SiGe gadpolinium alloy sheet.
Preferably, described capacitor board is connected with external circuit, more preferably, is connected with described energy storage device, pressure-stabilizing constant flow device.
Preferably, be also coated with radiation prevention film and/or thermal isolating film at the outermost layer of described thermonuclear electric cell unit, described radiation prevention film and thermal isolating film are positioned at the outermost layer of described thermonuclear electric cell unit.
Preferably, described thermonuclear electric cell unit inside is vacuum state, and alternatively, at the inner filling liquid medium of described thermonuclear electric cell unit.
The present invention adopts technique scheme, compared with prior art, has following technique effect:
Adopt the silicon wafer of peculiar structure in thermonuclear electric cell provided by the invention, increase the contact area of carrying energy particle of releasing with radioisotope decays, improve conversion efficiency; Adopt the silicon wafer and the alloy sheet that are coated with special coating simultaneously, utilize its magnetic thermal characteristics, improve the utilization ratio of heat energy, integrate the pyroelectricity ability of silicon wafer, thus improve the electric energy exported; Confirm through experiment, take tritium as the thermonuclear electric cell of the present invention of radioactive source, adopt 160*87*23mm specification, sparking voltage reaches 3.7-4.2V, access mobile phone current reaches 850-1000mA, within 12 years, decline and fall 50%, electric discharge duration continues use and at least reaches 6 years, and the isotopic conversion efficiency of core reaches 25-30%.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cut-away view of thermonuclear electric cell unit 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of silicon wafer 12 of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the single hexagonal structure 121 of silicon wafer 12 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the circuit structure diagram of thermonuclear electric cell of the present invention.
Embodiment
The invention provides the thermonuclear electric cell that a kind of cost is low, handling safety, isotope radiation conversion efficiency is high, comprise at least one thermonuclear electric cell unit, energy storage device, pressure-stabilizing constant flow device, described thermonuclear electric cell unit using the material containing beta ray source as emitter, near to being far symmetrical arranged centered by this emitter: silicon wafer, alloy sheet, permanent magnetism sheet, capacitor board.
Carry out detailed and concrete introduction below by specific embodiment to the present invention, to make better to understand the present invention, but following embodiment does not limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of thermonuclear electric cell, comprise at least one thermonuclear electric cell unit 1, described thermonuclear electric cell unit 1 using the material containing beta ray source as emitter 11, near to being far symmetrical arranged centered by this emitter 11: silicon wafer 12, alloy sheet 13, permanent magnetism sheet 14, capacitor board 15; Also be coated with radiation prevention film 16 and thermal isolating film 17 at the outermost layer of described thermonuclear electric cell unit 1, described radiation prevention film 16 and/or thermal isolating film 17 are positioned at the outermost layer of described thermonuclear electric cell unit 1.
The material of described beta ray source be selected from Strontium-90, tritium any one.
As shown in Figure 2,3, arranged by several cellular hexagonal structure 121 in the surface of described silicon wafer 12, the hexagonal structure that inside also comprises at least two different depths, the length of side reduces successively of described single hexagonal structure 121, the hexagonal structure 121 on described silicon wafer 12 surface is realized by etching technique.
For the specification of thermonuclear electric cell unit 1 for 160*87*23mm, silicon wafer 12 is of a size of 60*37*0.3mm, the hexagonal length of side of outmost turns of cellular hexagonal structure 121 is 2mm, the hexagonal length of side of mesosphere is 1.4mm, the most hexagonal length of side of inner lane is 0.7mm, and the groove depth between each circle hexagon is 0.2mm.
Adopt the silicon wafer 12 of this structure to be conducive to increasing the contact area of carrying energy particle of releasing with radioisotope decays, conversion efficiency improves about 20%.
Described alloy sheet 13 is SiGe gadpolinium alloy sheet.
There is one deck bismuth telluride thin film in the load in the one side of described emitter 11 of described silicon wafer 12, have one deck barium titanate film in the load in the one side of described silicon wafer of described alloy sheet 13.
Described thermonuclear electric cell unit inside is vacuum state, and alternatively, at the inner filling liquid medium of described thermonuclear electric cell unit.
When using state, as shown in Figure 1, there is year energy particle of heat energy and nuclear energy (as α particle with the material Strontium-90 containing beta ray source or tritium emitter 11 decay releasing, β particle and γ particle), carry can particle with as Fig. 2, silicon wafer 12 shown in 3 fully contacts, thermoelectricity conversion is realized to heat energy, thermonuclear electric cell 1 inside vacuumizes to reduce the loss of carrying energy particle simultaneously, and filling liquid is to prevent electron stream to the impact of silicon wafer 12, and silicon wafer 12 in the one side of emitter 11 load one deck bismuth antimonide film to improve ability and the heat absorption capacity of the attract electrons on silicon wafer 12 surface, also adopt the alloy sheet 13 being coated with barium titanate film, utilize its magnetic thermal characteristics, improve the utilization ratio of heat energy, integrate the pyroelectricity ability of silicon wafer 12, thus improve the electric energy of capacitor board 15 output.
As shown in Figure 4, described capacitor board 15 is connected with external circuit, is connected with described energy storage device 2, pressure-stabilizing constant flow device 3.
Performance index:
1, take tritium as the thermonuclear electric cell of the present invention of radioactive source, adopt 160*87*23mm specification, sparking voltage reaches 3.7-4.2V, and access mobile phone current reaches 850-1000mA, within 12 years, declines and falls 50%;
2, the duration that discharges continues use and at least reaches 6 years, and the isotopic conversion efficiency of core reaches 25-30%, and safe, stable;
3, radiation dose is in the acceptable scope of human body, and due to tritium own radiation β particle flux, radiation energy is little.
Be described in detail specific embodiments of the invention above, but it is just as example, the present invention is not restricted to specific embodiment described above.To those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications that the present invention is carried out and substituting also all among category of the present invention.Therefore, equalization conversion done without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and amendment, all should contain within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a thermonuclear electric cell, comprise at least one thermonuclear electric cell unit, it is characterized in that, described thermonuclear electric cell unit using the material containing beta ray source as emitter, near to being far symmetrical arranged centered by this emitter: silicon wafer, alloy sheet, permanent magnetism sheet, capacitor board; Described capacitor board is connected with external circuit.
2. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the material of described beta ray source be selected from Strontium-90, tritium any one.
3. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is arranged by several cellular hexagonal structure in the surface of described silicon wafer.
4. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the hexagonal structure that inside also comprises at least two different depths, the length of side reduces successively of described single hexagonal structure.
5. the thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 3 or 4, is characterized in that, the hexagonal structure on described silicon wafer surface is realized by etching technique.
6. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, has one deck bismuth telluride thin film in the load in the one side of described emitter of described silicon wafer.
7. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, has one deck barium titanate film in the load in the one side of described silicon wafer of described alloy sheet.
8. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described alloy sheet is SiGe gadpolinium alloy sheet.
9. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also coated with radiation prevention film and thermal isolating film at the outermost layer of described thermonuclear electric cell unit, and described radiation prevention film and thermal isolating film are positioned at the outermost layer of described thermonuclear electric cell unit.
10. thermonuclear electric cell according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described thermonuclear electric cell unit inside is vacuum state.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510021013.1A CN104795120A (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | Thermonuclear cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510021013.1A CN104795120A (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | Thermonuclear cell |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN104795120A true CN104795120A (en) | 2015-07-22 |
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| CN201510021013.1A Pending CN104795120A (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2015-01-15 | Thermonuclear cell |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106702492A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-05-24 | 江西德义半导体科技有限公司 | Gallium arsenide ultrathin substrate and application thereof |
| CN108039219A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-05-15 | 南方科技大学 | Direct collection-radiation ionization-photoelectricity-thermoelectricity isotope battery and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108039219A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2018-05-15 | 南方科技大学 | Direct collection-radiation ionization-photoelectricity-thermoelectricity isotope battery and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20150722 |
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