CN104730558B - The accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings - Google Patents
The accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to nuclear material Detection Techniques, and in particular to a kind of accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings.Its structure includes drift tube, a terminated high voltage and filter circuit for drift tube, another termination pre-amplification circuit, pre-amplification circuit is connected with cosmic ray μ imaging detector arrays circuits, wherein, the cathode of the drift tube is thin-wall aluminium pipe, anodic wire is gold-plated tungsten-rhenium alloy silk, anodic wire is arranged on the center of thin-wall aluminium pipe, and the positioning end for passing through thin-wall aluminium pipe both ends is fixed, filled with argon gas and carbon dioxide in thin-wall aluminium pipe.The development of precision drift tube of the invention has established technical foundation for the foundation of its production line and detection fission nuclear material cosmic ray muon radiography technology, and greatly reduce single tube price, the cost that cosmic ray μ is imaged is made necessarily to be dropped in millions of by several, is conducive to technological direction practicality.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear material Detection Techniques, and in particular to a kind of accurate drift tube position spirit of cosmic ray μ imagings
Quick detector.
Background technology
After 9.11 events, terrorism becomes a kind of practical threat, since core terror is because influencing big, provocative big, consequence
It is serious and be subject to paying much attention to for the international community headed by the U.S., a series of prevent nuclear material and other radiation so as to carry out
The action that property substance is illegally obtained by terrorist, one of which vital task is to prevent that nuclear material from smuggling, but terrorist couple
Special nuclear material is (particularly235U、239Pu a small amount of packing) is carried out and well after shielding (as using high atomic number material lead, contained
Hydrogen substance polyethylene and neutron absorber lithium or boron material make shielding material), escape conventional quilt on harbour, border and station and other places
The detection of dynamic detecting devices.Global 47 state leaders held global Nuclear Security Summit, session topic in the U.S. on April 12nd, 2010
It is that antinucleus fears problem, it is desirable that various countries will hit the smuggling of munitions grade nuclear material and the trade of dirty bomb raw material radioactive substance is classified as
The first-class task of nuclear safety.Container smuggled goods or nuclear material have become a big public hazards of international community, develop a kind of new
More effective nuclear material monitoring method into a urgent problem to be solved.
The just Detection Techniques of current existing maturation are checked available for nuclear material (heavy substance) without which technology, are shown in Table
1.X-ray detection technology achieves very big success in many fields, can be used for scanning the vanning of vehicle sum aggregate.New X is penetrated
Line scanning device is equipped with neutron scattering imaging and X-ray backscattering technique, is concealed available for detection in automobile, truck or large-scale collection
Special nuclear material in vanning, but X-ray has several big defects：High-density matter can not be penetrated, to the work of three-dimensional structure detection
Journey is complicated (projection of this detection device needs in a plurality of directions just can obtain the stereo-picture of object to be detected), to by bus
Personnel and operator bring additional dose, and which has limited its extensive uses.Improved neutron and gamma meter utensil
There is the characteristics of high sensitivity, concealing for nuclear material can be limited to a certain extent, but for encapsulating good nuclear material on a small quantity
It can not then play a role well.
The alternative imaging detection technical characteristic comparison at present of table 1
Domestic more than 20 unit has cosmic ray μ μ detections certain research, and wherein high energy where Chinese Academy of Sciences's high energy is penetrated
Have wide experience in terms of line detection, proportional counter, multiwire proportional chamber, polytype drift chamber, time projection chamber, scinticounting
In terms of the high energy ray detectors such as device, silicon microstrip detector, Cerenkov counter, transition radiation detector, calorimeter, reading
Go out the bus standard of electronics and instrument, triggering system, online data obtain system aspects, Monte Carlo software GEANT,
Carried out numerous studies in terms of EGS, GARFIELD；But do not carried out μ application technical researches, belonged in terms of μ imaging techniques
Blank.
The research of μ imaging techniques has been carried out in Tsinghua University's particle imaging laboratory from after 2006, establishes and is visited based on RPC
The μ imaging systems of device are surveyed, but it is successful due to selecting the mistake of RPC detectors that the technology is caused to fail, but the laboratory
Up to the present still relation technological researching is being carried out.
The cosmic ray μ image-forming principles of detection fission nuclear material pass through substance based on measurement cosmic ray μ
Deflection angle finds out material (atomic number Z), and position sensitive detector is depended on to cosmic ray μ tracks to the resolution capability of Z
Position resolution, table 2 enumerate the position resolution and cost performance of several position sensitive detectors, and the detector compared includes drift
Manage (DT), cathode strip room (CSC), Zhai gap room (TGC), impedance plate room (RPC), Multiple level impedance plate room (MRPC), gas times
Increase device (GEM).
The comparison of 2 several cosmic ray detectors of table
| Detector | DT | CSC | TGC | RPC | MRPC | GEM |
| Spatial resolution (μm) | 80 | 100 | 5000 | 15000 | 15000 | 120 |
| Temporal resolution (ns) | 40 | 7 | 4.3 | 2 | 0.075 | 20 |
| Average efficiency (%) | 98 | 98 | 99 | 95 | 95 | -- |
| Electronics relies on | It is high | It is high | In | It is low | It is high | It is high |
| Software relies on | It is high | It is high | In | It is low | It is low | It is high |
| Technological requirement | It is high | It is high | In | It is low | In | It is high |
| Single track cost | It is high | It is high | In | It is low | In | Height, new technology |
| Detector volume | Greatly | In | In | Greatly | It is small | It is small |
DT position resolutions are best as can be seen from the table, study accurate drift tube position sensitive detector array and carry out universe
The research of ray μ imaging techniques is optimal selection.
The RPC detectors that Tsinghua University selects are in terms of cosmic ray μ detections the advantages of：Detection area is up to several
Square metre, it is cheap, manufacturing process with it is simple for process；With the temporal resolution that can be compared favourably with scintillator detector, one
As RPC~ns, multilayer~10ps；Very high detection efficient, more than 95%；The reading of signal is very flexible.
RPC detectors are in terms of cosmic ray μ detections the shortcomings that：Spatial resolution is subject to streamer scale (~2-
3mm) limit；Wide mostly 3cm or so of reading item at present；Resolution ratio can be improved to millimeter using multilayer high-resolution RPC (mm),
But electronics cost is too high, and mm grades of multilayer RPC manufacture crafts are still immature, and simulates the resolution requirement calculated and reach 400 μm；
The spatial resolution but signal that can be got well if avalanche mode is selected are small, and if digital read out pattern, then need very multichannel electronic
It learns, is read if the gravity model appoach of avalanche mode, though spatial resolution (1/20~1/50) can be substantially improved, electronics is small letter
Number analog quantity is expensive and complicated；Another problem is that flow gas must be used, it has not been convenient to, Green freon (C2H2F4) is more expensive,
C4H10 is easy combustion gas.
Table 3 compares the feasibility of accurate drift tube and RPC detectors in detection fission nuclear material cosmic ray muon radiography
Analysis.
Difficult point of the present invention is to control the muon detector installation cost for detecting illegal nuclear material.Muon detector position resolution
Ability be increased to micron order and can technically reach, but technique cost is higher, and the way of unit area electronics
It accordingly increases substantially, the directly proportional rise of cost, the most rational relation found between technical indicator and cost is also the technology
Maximum difficult point.
The accurate drift tube of table 3 and RPC detectors are in detection fission nuclear material cosmic ray muon radiography feasibility comparison
The content of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of high sensitivity, cosmic ray μ at low cost
The accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of imaging.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings, including
Drift tube, the terminated high voltage and filter circuit of drift tube, another termination pre-amplification circuit, pre-amplification circuit are penetrated with universe
Line μ imaging detector arrays circuits are connected, wherein, the cathode of the drift tube is thin-wall aluminium pipe, and anodic wire is gold-plated rhenium
Tungsten alloy filament, anodic wire are arranged on the center of thin-wall aluminium pipe, and the positioning end for passing through thin-wall aluminium pipe both ends is fixed, thin-walled
Filled with argon gas and carbon dioxide in aluminum pipe；The positioning end includes the spiral copper pipe for fixed anode silk, spiral
Copper pipe is externally provided with annulated column vent plug, and anodic wire is connected through annulated column vent plug with the electrode cap of end, and annulated column vent plug has been externally provided with absolutely
The end plug of edge effect and fixed and electric action annulus end, the fast plug of gas circuit are connected with annulated column vent plug.
Further, the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as described above, wherein, the drift
The outer diameter of the cathode thin-wall aluminium pipe of pipe is moved as 30-50mm ± 0.05mm, wall thickness is 0.4 ± 0.04mm.
Further, the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as described above, wherein, the drift
Move the anodic wire of pipe a diameter of 50 μm ± 1 μm.
Further, the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as described above, wherein, described
Gas circuit sealing is respectively provided between the positioning electrode cap of end and the fast plug of gas circuit and between the fast plug of gas circuit and end plug
O-shaped rubber ring.
Further, the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as described above, wherein, described
The spiral copper pipe end of positioning end is equipped with to hold out against the tight plug member of annulus of spiral copper pipe.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：The present invention provides a kind of accurate drift tube position spirits of cosmic ray μ imagings
Quick panel detector structure, wherein the development of accurate drift tube is penetrated for the foundation of its production line and detection fission nuclear material universe
Line μ imaging techniques have established technical foundation, and greatly reduce single tube price, make the cost that cosmic ray μ is imaged by thousands of
Ten thousand drop in millions of, are conducive to technological direction practicality.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 obtains electronics functional block diagram for the accurate drift tube detector signal of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the accurate pipe end circuit of drift tube of the present invention and high voltage power distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the positioning end structure schematic diagram of accurate drift tube in the specific embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the structure diagram of spiral copper pipe in positioning end；
Fig. 5 is the cosmic ray signals figure obtained from accurate oscillograph.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The drift tube of drift tube detector is popped one's head in by metal tube cathode and center wire anode and the gas filled with certain air pressure
Composition, cosmic ray μ, which is incided into, makes gas ionization in drift tube, and electric field design ensures the electronics drift field of ionization as far as possible
Uniformly, selection working gas makes drift tube be operated in the saturation region of drift velocity, then exists between drift time and distance linear
Relation realizes position sensitive measurement.
The cathode of drift tube is thin-wall aluminium pipe, and anodic wire is gold-plated tungsten-rhenium alloy silk, and anodic wire is arranged on thin-wall aluminium pipe
Center, and the positioning end for passing through thin-wall aluminium pipe both ends is fixed, filled with argon gas and carbon dioxide in thin-wall aluminium pipe.This
The accurate drift tube configuration of invention is outer diameter 30-50mm ± 10 μm, and 400 μm ± 20 μm of wall thickness, concentric rate is better than 15 μm；Precision drift
It is that anodic wire is collected in gold-plated W-Re centers to move tube hub, and the tension of silk is 350 soil 15g or so；The function of positioning end is consolidated for silk
Fixed, silk insulation, silk positioning, wherein air seal, end outer surface precision 4mm, diameter 30-50mm ± 0.01mm, internal copper
Pipe will be accurately processed into the accurate centrosymmetric of cathode aluminum pipe with drift tube, and inside center hole internal diameter is 50 μm ± 10 μm
For positioning anode silk, 10 can be reached with end external reference surface by positioning the position of the spiral copper pipe fixed anode silk of end
μm precision, the Ar/CO2 gases and other modified gas of 3bar absolute pressure are filled in accurate drift tube, can fill below 3800V's
Voltage.
Accurate drift tube production line must carry out in laboratory with constant temperature and constant humidity of the cleanliness factor better than ten thousand grades, laboratory temperature model
20 DEG C ± 1 DEG C is enclosed, RH range 45% ± 10%；Assembly bench needs the long special room more than 7 meters, gas distributing chamber, processing
Room needs special room, and purge chamber needs individual water circulation system, it is necessary to there is deionization Purified Water Station.
Meanwhile drift tube making requirement is as follows：
(1) drift tube is sealed, ensures 3 atmospheric pressure gas No leakages；
(2) high insulation, design protection ring are designed between anode and cathode, it is ensured that when voltage is up to 4000V, anode and cathode
Between leakage current be less than 10-16A/h；
(3) gas access is reserved, working gas can be made to work in a manner of gas；
(4) positioning anode silk, it is ensured that anodic wire center is less than with respect to the center deviation of drift tube registration reference surface
10um；
(5) anodic wire is clamped, anodic wire is avoided to knot in assembling process, surface scratches, it is ensured that anodic wire is in 400g
Tension state；
(6) aluminum pipe is clamped, it is ensured that the deviation of the center deviation of aluminum pipe and drift tube registration reference surface is less than 10um；
(7) anode, cathode electrode connector are reserved, it is desirable that anode is electrically connected well with anodic wire, reduces loss of signal；
(8) drift about pipe end design ground connection and electromagnetic armouring structure, reduces dark current and noise；
(9) the machinery positioning overall error of single accurate drift tube detector is less than 20um.
Accurate drift tube detector signal obtains electronics functional block diagram as shown in Figure 1, one terminated high voltage of drift tube and filter
Wave circuit, electric discharge road forms signal acquisition system before the other end adds, and is sent into cosmic ray μ imaging detector arrays circuits (in figure
Dashed box part).Accurate drift tube detector signal obtains electronics and refers mainly to real frame portion point.
Embodiment
The accurate drift tube position sensitive detector for the cosmic ray μ imagings that the present embodiment is provided, including drift tube, drift
A terminated high voltage and filter circuit for pipe, another termination pre-amplification circuit are moved, pre-amplification circuit is visited with cosmic ray μ imagings
Device array circuit is surveyed to be connected, wherein, the cathode of the drift tube is thin-wall aluminium pipe, and anodic wire is gold-plated tungsten-rhenium alloy silk,
Anodic wire is arranged on the center of thin-wall aluminium pipe, and the positioning end for passing through thin-wall aluminium pipe both ends is fixed, and is filled in thin-wall aluminium pipe
There are argon gas and carbon dioxide；The positioning end includes the spiral copper pipe for fixed anode silk, spiral copper pipe peripheral hardware
There is annulated column vent plug, anodic wire is connected through annulated column vent plug with the electrode cap of end, and annulated column vent plug has been externally provided with insulating effect
End plug and fixed and electric action annulus end, the fast plug of gas circuit are connected with annulated column vent plug.
The present invention has developed thin-wall aluminium pipe, 2 meters, 30.00 ± 0.05mm of outer diameter, 0.40 ± 0.04mm of wall thickness of length, inclined wall
≤0.06。
Having cleared the accessible accuracy rating of domestic technique by trial-production is：Aluminum pipe roundness tolerance 0.08；Aluminum pipe is directly spent
0.5mm/m, aluminum pipe inner wall finish≤Ra0.8.
Gold-plated tungsten-rhenium alloy silk is had developed, 50 μm ± 1 μm of silk diameter, silk 2Km length homogeneities reach 2%, and uniformity reaches
To 2%；It takes and covers gold process one layer very thin uniform gold is uniformly cladded with outside tungsten-rhenium wire, thread tension reaches 500g；Silk impedance is good
In 200 Ω/m.
The present invention, which devises, positions end, and main target is to realize the component connection of accurate drift tube, sealing, position, is solid
Determine anodic wire, inflation gas, electronics link.Positioning end is the most basic position positioning of detector system in entire project
Device is the alignment system of accurate drift tube, and location technology index highest, control content is most numerous and diverse, difficulty is also maximum.
The structure of end is positioned as shown in figure 3, the spiral copper pipe 5 including being used for fixed anode silk, spiral copper pipe 5 are externally provided with
Annulated column vent plug 4, anodic wire are connected through annulated column vent plug 4 with the electrode cap 1 of end, and annulated column vent plug 4 has been externally provided with insulating effect
End plug 9 and play fixed and electric action an annulus end 8, the fast plug 7 of gas circuit is connected with annulated column vent plug 4.In the positioning
Gas circuit sealing is respectively provided between the fast plug 7 of electrode cap 1 and gas circuit of end and between the fast plug 7 of gas circuit and end plug 9
O-shaped rubber ring 2,3, be equipped with to hold out against the tight plug member of annulus of spiral copper pipe in 5 end of spiral copper pipe of the positioning end
6。
The function of end is positioned as silk fixation, silk insulation, silk positioning, wherein air seal, end outer surface precision 4mm,
Diameter 30-50mm ± 0.01mm, internal copper pipe will be accurately processed into and the accurate centrosymmetric of aluminum pipe, copper pipe positioning tube
The copper pipe device of spiral, spiral copper pipe range 10mm, diameter 5mm, structure is as shown in figure 4, its inside center hole internal diameter is 50 μ
M ± 10 μm are used for positioning anode silk, and position and the end external reference surface of spiral copper pipe fixed anode silk can reach 10 μm
Precision.
The working gas of accurate drift tube uses Ar/CO2 as 93:7 mixed gas, gas purity 99.9999%；3
Strict atmospheric depresses work.
Development work completes drift tube front-end electronics read-out system, and functional block diagram is shown in Fig. 2, including pipe end circuit, high pressure
Distribution and front-end electronics, at present using accurate oscillograph read output signal on the basis of pipe end circuit and high voltage power distribution.
Fig. 5 is the cosmic ray signals obtained from oscillograph, and the position ionized in drift tube due to cosmic ray μ is not
Together, drift time is different, shows as the difference of signal waveform, snowslide phenomenon substantially sees signal waveform, through accurate drift tube list
Pipe is tested and with plastic scintillant coincidence measurement it is experimentally confirmed that accurate drift tube single tube is per minute can to measure 500 or more
Utilizable cosmic ray μ, the experimental result are calculated and provided accurately for cosmic ray μ imaging techniques track reconstruction and imaging
Basic data provides the resolution capability for detecting material for it detection limit and calculates basic data.It is carried out using the experimental result
Simulation result of calculation confirms the feasibility in the short period investigation illegal nuclear material of smaller size smaller.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art
God and scope.If in this way, belong to the model of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technology to these modifications and changes of the present invention
Within enclosing, then the present invention is also intended to comprising including these modification and variations.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings, including drift tube, a termination of drift tube is high
Pressure and filter circuit, another termination pre-amplification circuit, pre-amplification circuit and cosmic ray μ imaging detector arrays circuit phases
Connection, it is characterised in that：The cathode of the drift tube is thin-wall aluminium pipe, and anodic wire is gold-plated tungsten-rhenium alloy silk, and anodic wire is set
Put in the center of thin-wall aluminium pipe, and the positioning end for passing through thin-wall aluminium pipe both ends is fixed, in thin-wall aluminium pipe filled with argon gas and
Carbon dioxide；The positioning end includes the spiral copper pipe (5) for fixed anode silk, and spiral copper pipe (5) end is set
It is useful for holding out against the tight plug member of annulus (6) of spiral copper pipe, spiral copper pipe (5) is externally provided with annulated column vent plug (4), and anodic wire passes through annulated column
Vent plug (4) is connected with the electrode cap (1) of end, annulated column vent plug (4) be externally provided with the end plug (9) of insulating effect and rise it is fixed and
The annulus end (8) of electric action, the fast plug of gas circuit (7) are connected with annulated column vent plug (4).
2. the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The outer diameter of the cathode thin-wall aluminium pipe of drift tube is stated as 30-50mm ± 0.05mm, wall thickness is 0.4 ± 0.04mm.
3. the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
A diameter of 50 μm ± 1 μm of the anodic wire of the drift tube.
4. the accurate drift tube position sensitive detector of cosmic ray μ imagings as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Distinguish between the positioning electrode cap (1) of end and the fast plug of gas circuit (7) and between the fast plug of gas circuit (7) and end plug (9)
Equipped with the O-shaped rubber ring (2,3) sealed for gas circuit.
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Families Citing this family (4)
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| CN105549103B (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2018-11-16 | 清华大学 | The method, apparatus and system of inspection Moving Objects based on cosmic ray |
| CN109884093A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-06-14 | 北京中百源国际科技创新研究有限公司 | A kind of high precision neutron non-destructive testing device |
| CN110939761B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-10-09 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Inflatable drift tube sealing air nozzle |
| CN111505697A (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2020-08-07 | 中国科学技术大学 | High-performance muon spin detector |
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