CN104713638A - Cylinder face photometric measurement device - Google Patents

Cylinder face photometric measurement device Download PDF

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CN104713638A
CN104713638A CN201510030746.1A CN201510030746A CN104713638A CN 104713638 A CN104713638 A CN 104713638A CN 201510030746 A CN201510030746 A CN 201510030746A CN 104713638 A CN104713638 A CN 104713638A
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cylinder
light
optical screen
fisheye camera
emergence
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CN104713638B (en
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徐科
王磊
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of photometric measurement and relates to a cylinder face photometric measurement device used for measuring the distribution rule of the emergence light intensity and the emergence light angle of a light source or a refraction and reflection material. Emergence light in all directions in space is collected through the inner wall of a cylinder face light screen, and the emergence light intensity reflects the irradiated brightness of the cylinder face light screen. The brightness irradiated by the emergence light of the inner wall of the cylinder face light screen is measured through a fisheye camera, the angle corresponding to the emergence light is obtained through image coordinates according to the fisheye camera coordinate conversion relation, and therefore the distribution rule of emergence light intensity and the emergence light angle is established. Compared with a traditional method, emergence light intensity data within the emergence light angle in the 180-degree semispherical range can be measured at the same time, the data volume obtained through one-time measurement is large, efficiency is high, and the interference from the environment is low. Meanwhile, the measurement device has the advantages of being simple and easy to machine and low in cost.

Description

A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus.Belong to field of optical measurements, for the regularity of distribution between the output intensity of measurement light source or catadioptric material and emergent light angle.
Background technology
Photometry is the metering subject of tolerance light intensity and direction of propagation property thereof, and wherein important problem measures the regularity of distribution of light intensity in all directions of space.When measuring object is illuminating source, during as LED lamp bead, measurement result is referred to as---and distribution curve flux (Luminous intensity distribution curve, LIDC) is the function of light intensity about beam projecting angle.When measuring object is folding/reflecting material, measurement result is referred to as---two-way dispersion distribution function (Bidirectional scattering distributionfunction, BSDF),---bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), and refracted portion---the two-way transmission distribution function (BTDF) that comprises its reflecting part.These three functions are all light intensity high-dimension function about light angle, shooting angle.
Measure distribution curve flux and generally use integrating sphere, as patent CN201210176379, use sphere diffuse reflection optical screen and rotating mechanism realize the luminous intensity measurement in 360 degree of spatial dimensions.Because sphere diffuse reflection optical screen volume is large, manufacturing cost is high, rotating mechanism is installed complicated, be not easy to use and promote.
Measuring two-way dispersion distribution function can use integrating sphere to measure, also special measurement mechanism can be used, as the GON360 light intensity angular distribution tester of InstrumentSystems company, use two mechanical arms rotated to carry light source and Photometer respectively, mechanical arm rotates the light intensity numerical value progressively measuring all directions mutually.Because single measurement can only provide the light intensity value of single angle, need long-time repetitive measurement just can obtain complete light intensity partition functions, efficiency is lower.Due to factors such as ambient light interference, light-source brightness fluctuations during measurement, comparatively big error can be caused.
Imaging after patent US7130033B2 uses parabolic mirror to be focused on by emergent ray, can the output intensity of disposable measurement multi-angle, measures efficiency high.But because light experienced by multiple lens and parabolic mirror in communication process, the catadioptric characteristic of lens/catoptron itself is added on measured material, interference measurement results.And parabolic mirror manufacturing cost is higher, measurement environment requires harsh, is not easy to promote the use of.
For existing photometric measuring apparatus Problems existing, the present invention proposes a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus, use the cylinder diffuse reflection optical screen being easy to manufacture, with the use of fisheye camera, may be used for the distribution curve flux of measurement light source, or the two-way dispersion distribution function of catadioptric material.This photometric measuring apparatus structure is simply easy to arrange, measures efficiency high, can measure the light distribution of first sphere simultaneously, have obvious advantage compared with existing measuring equipment.
Summary of the invention
A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus that the present invention proposes, can low cost, measure the regularity of distribution of light intensity in all directions of space expeditiously, as light source distribution curve flux, measure folding the two-way dispersion distribution function etc. of reflecting material.
The present invention is a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise cylinder optical screen 1, fisheye camera 3, objective table 4 and camera support 2, stage carrier 5, described cylinder optical screen 1 for xsect be circular or the hollow cylinder of arc, its length-diameter ratio is greater than 1, and inner-wall material adopts homogeneous diffusive white reflective material; Described objective table 4 is placed on cylinder optical screen 1 axial line, cylinder optical screen 1 axis centre side; The photocentre of described fisheye camera 3 is positioned on cylinder optical screen 1 axial line, and objective table 4 is other; Do not block mutually between fisheye camera 3, objective table 4, be jointly fixed on experiment porch in cylinder optical screen 1 by camera support 2, objective table base.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is above-mentioned fisheye camera 3 optical axis and cylinder optical screen 1 axis coinciding.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is above-mentioned fisheye camera 3 optical axis and cylinder optical screen 1 axis perpendicular.
Another technical scheme of the present invention above-mentioned cylinder optical screen 1 has light hole, for taking in irradiation light.
Last technical scheme of the present invention is that the support of above-mentioned fixing fisheye camera 3 and objective table 4 can along cylinder optical screen 1 axis translation or rotation.
(note: the distribution curve flux of light source is defined as: LIDC (), represents with direction in space () for independent variable, the function of light source light intensity in the direction in which, as shown in Figure 1.Two-way dispersion Distribution Function Definition is: BSDF ( i, i, o, o), represent with incident light direction ( i, i) time, folding/reflecting material emergent light direction ( o, o) on light intensity function, as shown in Figure 2, when emergent light is reflected light, this function is called bidirectional reflectance distribution function: BRDF ( i, i, r, r), when emergent light during refract light, this function is called two-way transmission distribution function: BTDF ( i, i, t, t), as shown in Figure 2.)
(1) construction features:
This device major part is: cylinder optical screen 1, fisheye camera 3, objective table 4, and camera and objective table are respectively by camera support 2, and stage carrier 5 and cylinder optical screen 1 are fixed on experiment porch jointly.Its central column face optical screen 1 for xsect be circular or the hollow cylinder of arc, its length-diameter ratio is greater than 1, and inner-wall material adopts homogeneous diffusive white reflective material.Cylinder optical screen 1 can offer light hole as required, inject for incident ray; Or draw coordinate grid subsidiary location.
The advantage of cylinder optical screen is: the spherical optical screen used relative to integrating sphere or parabolic reflector screen, and cylinder optical screen is easy to use the bending manufacture of sheet material, or utilizes existing tubing on market to make, and cost is low, size and dimension precision is high; Relative to sphere, cylinder optical screen is easy to attach the reflectorized material such as paper substrate, fabricbase, is easy to the maintenance of optical screen, replacement and Function Extension.
Objective table 4 is installed on cylinder optical screen 1 axial line central point; Fisheye camera 3 photocentre is positioned on cylinder optical screen 1 axial line, and near objective table 4 side, fisheye camera 3, objective table 4 is adjacent but do not block mutually.Use the benefit of fisheye camera to be: fisheye camera has the visual field of covering half sphere, coordinates cylinder optical screen 1, can disposable acquisition close to the light distribution in half sphere direction, there is high sampling efficiency.
When needs measure measured material just hemispherical light distribution time, fisheye camera 3 axes normal, in cylinder optical screen 1 axis, is parallel to measured material surface normal, now fisheye camera 3 can cover positive hemisphere face major part the visual field; Optical screen can adopt the semi-cylindrical of arc section.
When needs measure measured material front and the light distribution of reverse side omnirange, fisheye camera 3 axis being parallel is in cylinder optical screen 1 axis, and now fisheye camera 3 can cover the visual field of positive and negative each half sphere of measured material; Optical screen adopts the hollow circuit cylinder of round section.
Fisheye camera 3 and objective table 4 are fixed on experiment porch jointly by support and cylinder optical screen 1.Support can adopt fixed support, also can adopt adjustable support, and fisheye camera 3 or objective table 4 along cylinder optical screen 1 axis translation or rotation, can be finely tuned to facilitate experiment.
(2) adjustment method:
Before measurement, optical system is debugged:
A () adjustment sample fiducial point S position, is located on cylinder optical screen 1 axis mid point.With S point for benchmark, set up world coordinate system S xyz-(x, y, z), sets up sample spherical coordinate system S simultaneously ρ-(ρ ,).
B the position of the photocentre C of () adjustment fisheye camera 3, be located on cylinder optical screen 1 axis, the side of axis mid point O, the position in world coordinate system is S xyz-(0,0, d).With C point for benchmark, set up camera spherical coordinate system C r α β-(r, α, β).(note: when measuring luminophor, this reference point is luminescent center point, when measuring folding reflecting material, this reference point is incident ray subpoint on measured material.)
Above-mentioned adjustment should make camera photocentre C, sample fiducial point S as far as possible close, but does not block mutually.
C () is powered (or using laser to irradiate folding/reflecting material) to measured light, the light intensity light and shade using fisheye camera 3 can photograph on cylinder optical screen 1 inwall distributes, and with the photo center photographed some P benchmark, sets up image coordinate system P uv-(u, v), in units of image radius of circle 1, u, v span-1 ~ 1.
D () uses the reference value of normal brightness Source calibration fisheye camera 3 gradation of image everywhere.
(3) using method:
The cylinder optical screen 1 inside surface image taken by fisheye camera 3, can set up distribution curve flux LIDC function, or two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF, and concrete grammar is:
A () obtains shooting angle by image coordinate, i.e. function argument:
Emergent light angle, the line between the subpoint A namely on cylinder optical screen 1 inwall and sample point S, the angle component in sample spherical coordinate system is ().The independent variable of the distribution curve flux LIDC () of this angle component and light source or two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF ( i, i, o, o) in independent variable ( o, o).This coordinate angle component can be obtained by image coordinate according to coordinate transform:
First the image coordinate (u, v) of known projection point A, can obtain the angle component (α, β) of subpoint A in camera spherical coordinate system according to image projection relation;
Known cylinder optical screen 1 radius R, can obtain the distance component r of subpoint A in camera spherical coordinate system simultaneously;
Then by camera spherical coordinates (r, α, β), world coordinates (x, y, z) can be converted to;
Finally the world coordinates of subpoint A is converted to spherical coordinates centered by sample point S (ρ ,), wherein () is the independent variable of distribution curve flux LIDC or two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF.
The process of whole coordinate transform is: image coordinate → camera spherical coordinates → world coordinates → sample spherical coordinates.
B () finds a function value by brightness of image:
Distribution curve flux LIDC, or the function absolute value of two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF is the exiting light beam intensity from sample point S.The subpoint A of cylinder optical screen 1 inwall is illuminated by this emergent light, is reflected as the image intensity value of fisheye camera 3.This gray-scale value is the relative functional value of LIDC or BSDF.
Because light path is different in size, need to obtain optical path length according to above-mentioned coordinate system, relative functional value is revised, obtain the absolute function value of LIDC or the BSDF function in unit distance.
Another method is: use normal brightness Source calibration, namely in the normal brightness spot light of sample point place, take cylinder optical screen 1 obtain a secondary standard luminance picture by fisheye camera 3.With this image for benchmark, carry out contrasting with measurement image the absolute function value obtaining LIDC or BSDF.
Advantage of the present invention
A () efficiency is high:
Disposablely can obtain independent variable () in the space hemi-sphere range of 360 ° × 180 ° by said method, nearly the distribution curve flux LIDC functional value of the light source of camera resolution number, reaches the disposable object completing measurement.
Measurement two-way dispersion distribution function BSDF ( i, i, o, o) time, independent variable ( i, i) provided by incident laser direction, can disposablely obtain independent variable ( o, o) in the space hemi-sphere range of 360 ° × 180 °, the functional value of BSDF.Experiment control variable is reduced to 2 by 4, has greatly reduced pendulous frequency, improve conventional efficient.
B () disturbs low precision high:
The exiting light beam intensity in hemi-sphere range is measured in the disposable covering of the present invention, avoids in the process of timesharing repetitive measurement exiting light beam intensity, the interference that light-source brightness fluctuation, surround lighting bring, and therefore precision is higher.
C the simple cost of () equipment is low:
Necessaries required for the present invention only comprises: fisheye camera 3, cylinder optical screen 1, and other stationary fixtures such as sample objective table 4.Shield with the sphere optical screen used in existing photometric device, parabolic reflector, compared with the equipment such as Angle ambiguity mechanical arm, the present invention has the advantage that equipment is simple, cost is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the distribution curve flux schematic diagram of light source;
Fig. 2 is the two-way dispersion distribution function schematic diagram of folding/reflecting material;
The cylinder photometric measuring apparatus layout of Fig. 3 to be cross section be arc;
The coordinate transform schematic diagram of Fig. 4 to be cross section be cylinder photometric measuring apparatus of arc;
Fig. 5 is cross section is circular cylinder photometric measuring apparatus layout;
The coordinate transform schematic diagram of Fig. 6 to be cross section be circular cylinder photometric measuring apparatus.
(in above figure: 1. cylinder optical screen, 2. camera support, 3. fisheye camera, 4. objective table, 5. stage carrier.)
Embodiment
A kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus that the present invention proposes.Embodiment has following two examples:
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 3, cylinder optical screen 1 for cross section be the cylinder of arc, cylinder radius is R; Objective table 4 is positioned at cylinder optical screen 1 axis midpoint, is denoted as sample point S; It is d that the photocentre C of fisheye camera 3 to be positioned on cylinder optical screen 1 axis mid point with sample point S distance, and camera optical axis is perpendicular to cylindrical axis and positive aiming screen.With sample point S for true origin, set up world coordinate system S as shown in Figure 4 xyz-(x, y, z), sets up sample spherical coordinate system S simultaneously ρ-(ρ ,).The position of photocentre C in world coordinate system of fisheye camera 3 is S xyz-(0,0, d), with C point for initial point, set up camera spherical coordinate system C r α β-(r, α, β).With the photo center photographed some P for benchmark, set up image coordinate system P uv-(u, v), in units of image radius of circle 1, u, v span-1 ~ 1.
Use the standard point light source of brightness uniformity, be positioned over sample point S place and illuminate cylinder optical screen 1 inwall, use fisheye camera 3 to obtain a secondary gray level image as benchmark: I ref(u, v), (-1≤u, v≤1), wherein I ref(u, v) equals or point close to the point of 0 is Null Spot.Place the sample needing to measure at sample point S place, the emergent light from sample illuminates cylinder optical screen 1 inwall, uses fisheye camera 3 to obtain the image of cylinder optical screen 1 inwall: I cam(u, v).Following formula is used to obtain the absolute brightness value of emergent light: I light(u, v).
I light ( u , v ) = I cam ( u , v ) I ref ( u , v ) , ( - 1 ≤ u , v ≤ 1 and I ref ( u , v ) ≠ 0 ) - - - ( 1 )
Whole coordinate transformation process is: image coordinate → camera spherical coordinates → world coordinates → sample spherical coordinates, exists relation as shown in Figure 4 between coordinate.The formula of each step conversion is:
Image coordinate I light(u, v) → camera spherical coordinates I light(r, α, β):
α = tan - 1 ( u / v ) if v ≠ 0 cot - 1 ( v / u ) if u ≠ 0 β = sin - 1 ( u 2 + v 2 2 ) r = R / ( 1 - sin 2 α · sin 2 β ) - - - ( 2 )
Camera spherical coordinates I light(r, α, β) → world coordinates I light(x, y, z):
x = r · sin β · cos α y = r · cos β z = r · sin β · sin α + d - - - ( 3 )
World coordinates I light(x, y, z) → sample spherical coordinate system I light(ρ ,)
ρ = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2 φ = sin - 1 ( z / x ) if x ≠ 0 cos - 1 ( x / z ) if z ≠ 0 θ = cos - 1 ( z / ρ ) - - - ( 4 )
When measurement light source distribution curve flux:
LIDC(φ,θ)=I light(φ,θ)——(5)
When measuring two-way dispersion distribution function, BSDF ( i, i, o, o) time, independent variable ( i, i) provided by incident laser direction, independent variable ( o, o) i.e. coordinate transform formula (4) () that try to achieve:
BSDF(φ ii,φ,θ)=I light(φ,θ)
while lazerdirection is(φ ii)——(6)
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 5, optical screen 1 for cross section be circular cylinder, cylinder radius is R; Objective table 4 is positioned at cylinder optical screen 1 axis midpoint, is denoted as sample point S; It is d that the photocentre C of fisheye camera 3 to be positioned on cylinder optical screen 1 axis mid point with sample point S distance, camera optical axis and cylinder optical screen 1 dead in line.With sample point S for true origin, set up world coordinate system S as shown in Figure 4 xyz-(x, y, z), sets up sample spherical coordinate system S simultaneously ρ-(ρ ,).The position of fisheye camera 3 photocentre C in world coordinate system is S xyz-(0,0, d), with C point for initial point, set up camera spherical coordinate system C r α β-(r, α, β).With the photo center photographed some P for benchmark, set up image coordinate system P uv-(u, v), in units of image radius of circle 1, u, v span-1 ~ 1.
By reference light source image I ref(u, v) obtains the absolute value I of emergent light brightness lightthe method of (u, v) is identical with scheme one.
Relation is as shown in Figure 6 there is between image coordinate, camera spherical coordinates, world coordinates, sample spherical coordinates.
Image coordinate I light(u, v) is to camera spherical coordinates I lightthe coordinate of (r, α, β) is transformed to:
α = tan - 1 ( u / v ) if v ≠ 0 cot - 1 ( v / u ) if u ≠ 0 β = sin - 1 ( u 2 + v 2 2 ) r = R / cos β - - - ( 7 )
Camera spherical coordinates I light(r, α, β) → world coordinates I light(x, y, z):
x = r · cos α y = r · cos α z = d - r · cos β - - - ( 8 )
World coordinates I light(x, y, z) is to sample spherical coordinate system I light(ρ ,), identical with the formula (4) in embodiment one.
Formula (5) in the mode that the solves embodiment one of light source light distribution curve is identical.
The formula (6) that two-way dispersion distribution function solves in mode embodiment one is identical.

Claims (5)

1. a cylinder photometric measuring apparatus, it is characterized in that: comprise cylinder optical screen, fisheye camera, objective table and camera support, stage carrier, described cylinder optical screen is xsect is hollow cylinder that is circular or arc, its length-diameter ratio is greater than 1, and inner-wall material adopts homogeneous diffusive white reflective material; Described objective table is placed on cylinder optical screen axial line, cylinder optical screen axis centre side; Described fisheye camera photocentre is positioned on cylinder optical screen axial line, by objective table; Do not block mutually between fisheye camera, objective table, be jointly fixed on experiment porch by camera support, objective table base and cylinder optical screen.
2. according to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fisheye camera optical axis and cylinder optical screen axis coinciding.
3. according to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fisheye camera optical axis and cylinder optical screen axis perpendicular.
4. according to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described cylinder optical screen has light hole, for taking in irradiation light.
5. according to a kind of cylinder photometric measuring apparatus described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the support of described fixing fisheye camera and objective table can along cylinder optical screen axis translation or rotation.
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CN107146506A (en) * 2017-06-06 2017-09-08 西安电子科技大学 A kind of experimental provision of sphere concentrator spotlight effect checking
CN113167728A (en) * 2018-10-24 2021-07-23 法国国立国家公共工程学校 Optical device for measuring optical characteristics of material

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