CN104669997B - A kind of sanitation cart dynamical system and power-control method - Google Patents
A kind of sanitation cart dynamical system and power-control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104669997B CN104669997B CN201510079648.7A CN201510079648A CN104669997B CN 104669997 B CN104669997 B CN 104669997B CN 201510079648 A CN201510079648 A CN 201510079648A CN 104669997 B CN104669997 B CN 104669997B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of sanitation cart dynamical system and power-control method.Dynamical system includes drive a vehicle dynamical system and Vehicle-borne operation device, driving dynamical system is fuel oil hydraulic hybrid power system, driving dynamical system includes a hydraulic motor being connected with Vehicle-borne operation device machine driving, and hydraulic motor is connected with the hydraulic energy storage device hydraulic drive in driving dynamical system.The control method is：According to the size of the energy of hydraulic energy storage device, sanitation cart is controlled in pure hydraulic-driven pattern still in hybrid mode, and power necessary to provide.The present invention can be realized in environmental sanitation vehicle running, while carrying out environmental sanitation operation, not only saved the time, while also saving the energy.Also, the size of the energy according to hydraulic energy storage device, control sanitation cart meet power demand when sanitation cart works in pure hydraulic pressure pattern still in hybrid mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sanitation cart dynamical system and power-control method, belong to technical field of hybrid power.
Background technology
In the face of increasingly serious environmental pollution and energy crisis, energy-conserving and environment-protective become the theme in epoch, develop environmental protection
Type automobile becomes main developing direction.Environmental sanitation vehicles carry the cleaning in city as the important ingredient of city automobile
Work, and traditional environmental sanitation vehicles typically adopt diesel oil as fuel, urban air and environment are caused in cleaning city process
Secondary pollution.
Oil-liquid hybrid electric sanitation cart is, using diesel oil and hydraulic energy as the vehicle of the energy, to be engaged in cleaning, waste transportation etc.
Work, has the advantages that to reduce discharge, reduces pollution, reduces energy cost.Hydraulic-driven is relative to motorized motions technology, hydraulic pressure
Drive technology has power density big, the characteristics of energy release and strong storage capacity are completed in the short time, frequent in load change
Complicated operating condition under its energy-saving and emission-reduction advantage play become apparent from.But due to the energy density of hydraulic energy storage device it is low,
Hydraulic power distance travelled is lower than electric-powered vehicle so that the popularization and application of hydraulic power are affected.
One Application No. 201310420577.3, entitled " a kind of sanitation cart and its power control system, power
The Chinese patent application of control method ", discloses a kind of sanitation cart power control system, wherein：Electromotor is connected by change speed gear box
Connect drive mechanism, walking mechanism connects change speed gear box by main reducing gear, motor connection between drive mechanism and power source, motor
Controller is connected in the middle of motor and electrokinetic cell.Although this application can be effectively collected to rubbish, this application
In, due to carrying out temporal division to refuse collection and compression, it is impossible to be operated the replacing of task at any time；And this application
In power system architecture it is complex, accordingly, control also can be troublesome.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of sanitation cart dynamical system and power-control method, to solve existing environmental sanitation
Car power system architecture is complex, and control loaded down with trivial details problem.
For achieving the above object, the solution of the present invention includes a kind of sanitation cart dynamical system, including driving dynamical system and
Vehicle-borne operation device, the driving dynamical system are fuel oil hydraulic hybrid power system, and the driving dynamical system includes one
The hydraulic motor being connected with Vehicle-borne operation device machine driving, hydraulic motor and the hydraulic energy storage device driven a vehicle in dynamical system
Hydraulic drive connects.
The driving dynamical system is parallel connection type hybrid power system.
The driving dynamical system also includes electromotor, clutch and hydraulic pump/motor, and the electromotor passes through clutch
It is connected with hydraulic pump/motor machine driving, hydraulic pump/motor is used to connect drive axle, hydraulic pump/motor and hydraulic energy storage device liquid
Pressure is connected.
The hydraulic pump/motor connects propons or back axle by change speed gear box.
The solution of the present invention also includes a kind of sanitation cart power-control method based on above-mentioned sanitation cart dynamical system, described
Method at least includes the situation of Vehicle-borne operation device operation：When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device
During amount, hydraulic energy storage device provides energy for Vehicle-borne operation device；Needed for the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than Vehicle-borne operation device
Energy when, electromotor provides energy for Vehicle-borne operation device.
When Vehicle-borne operation device operation, and vehicle travel when：When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the first setting value, from
Clutch is separated, and hydraulic energy storage device drives Vehicle-borne operation device, while driving driving；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is set less than first
During definite value, clutch is combined, and electromotor provides driving energy for Vehicle-borne operation device.
When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the first setting value：On the one hand electromotor drives driving, on the other hand passes through
Hydraulic pump/motor provides energy to drive Vehicle-borne operation device；When the energy that Vehicle-borne operation device needs is sent more than electromotor
Energy when, hydraulic energy storage device also provides energy for hydraulic motor, and electromotor and hydraulic energy storage device drive vehicle-mounted operation dress simultaneously
Put.
The control method also include Vehicle-borne operation device do not run, and vehicle traveling situation：When hydraulic energy storage device
When energy is more than the second setting value, hydraulic energy storage device provides energy to hydraulic pump/motor, drives driving；When hydraulic energy storage device
When energy is less than the second setting value, clutch is combined, engine driving driving.
When vehicle is braked, hydraulic pump/motor provides braking moment, by the energy stores for reclaiming in hydraulic energy storage device.
Compared with the prior art, structure has obtained very big simplification to the sanitation cart dynamical system that the present invention is provided, but work(
Can go up and but be improved, operation can be carried out at any time, sanitation cart power is fuel oil hydraulic hybrid, according to required energy
Amount, correspondingly changes power type, increases the utilization rate of sanitation cart energy, saved the energy.
The sanitation cart power-control method that the present invention is provided, can be realized simultaneously when sanitation cart is only travelled and traveling operation
The offer of energy when carrying out simultaneously, has not only saved the working time, while also saving the energy.
In addition, hydraulic energy storage device has high-specific-power, high circulation efficiency, long-time energy storage and fills entirely and full exoergic power is strong
The features such as, it is particularly well-suited to the vehicle that the sanitation cart this moment is operated in the parked and environment that combines of traveling.
When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, now the sanitation cart is that pure hydraulic pressure drives
Dynamic model formula, hydraulic energy storage device provide the energy needed for operation.
When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, electromotor is carried for Vehicle-borne operation device
For driving energy.
According to the size of the energy of hydraulic energy storage device, control sanitation cart is in pure hydraulic-driven pattern still in hybrid power mould
Formula, meets power demand when sanitation cart works.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is hybrid power sanitation cart structural representation；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of fuel oil hydraulic hybrid sanitation cart dynamical system embodiment；
Fig. 3 is energy Flow schematic diagram of the system under pure hydraulic-driven pattern, handling situations；
Fig. 4 is energy Flow schematic diagram when system is braked under pure hydraulic-driven pattern, handling situations；
Fig. 5 is energy Flow schematic diagram of the system under hybrid mode, handling situations；
Fig. 6 is energy Flow schematic diagram when system is braked under hybrid mode, handling situations；
The energy Flow schematic diagram that Fig. 7 is system in pure hydraulic-driven pattern, not under handling situations；
Fig. 8 is system in pure hydraulic-driven pattern, energy Flow schematic diagram when not braking under handling situations；
The energy Flow schematic diagram that Fig. 9 is system in hybrid mode, not under handling situations；
Figure 10 is system in hybrid mode, energy Flow schematic diagram when not braking under handling situations.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of sanitation cart dynamical system, including driving dynamical system and Vehicle-borne operation device, the driving dynamical system are combustion
Oily hydraulic hybrid power system, driving dynamical system include a hydraulic motor being connected with Vehicle-borne operation device machine driving,
Hydraulic motor is connected with the hydraulic energy storage device hydraulic drive in driving dynamical system.
A kind of sanitation cart power-control method based on above-mentioned sanitation cart dynamical system, at least transports including Vehicle-borne operation device
Capable situation：When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, hydraulic energy storage device is vehicle-mounted operation
Device provides energy；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, electromotor is vehicle-mounted operation
Device provides energy.
Based on above technical scheme, with reference to accompanying drawing, be given with next specific embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, be a kind of hybrid power sanitation cart formal structure schematic diagram, wherein, including：Driver's cabin 1, hydraulic pressure is stored up
Can device 2, back axle 3, power transmission shaft 4, change speed gear box 5, hydraulic pump/motor 6, clutch 7, propons 8, electromotor 9.
Hydraulic energy storage device is a kind of energy storage device for carrying out storage energy in the way of hydraulic energy.Hydraulic energy storage device has high ratio
Power, high circulation efficiency, long-time energy storage and fill entirely and the features such as full exoergic power is strong.When hydraulic energy storage device provides energy,
High pressure liquid force feed is provided for system, in the presence of high pressure liquid force feed, hydraulic pump/motor is operated in motor operating conditions, by speed change
Device and rear bridge driven wheel；When hydraulic energy storage device recovers energy, the shape that the energy of hydraulic pump/motor feedback is pressed oil with high pressure liquid
Formula is stored in hydraulic energy storage device, and now hydraulic pump/motor works in pump condition.
The sanitation cart dynamical system is fuel oil hydraulic hybrid, including drive a vehicle dynamical system and Vehicle-borne operation device, should
Dynamical system be parallel connection type hybrid power system, or other forms hybrid power system (such as：Series connection is gone here and there simultaneously
Connection).
As shown in Fig. 2 the dynamical system is by taking parallel connection type hybrid power system as an example.The driving dynamical system include electromotor,
Clutch, hydraulic pump/motor, change speed gear box, back axle, hydraulic energy storage device and hydraulic motor, electromotor by clutch and hydraulic pump/
Motor machine driving connects, and hydraulic pump/motor connects back axle or propons, hydraulic pump/motor and hydraulic accumulation energy by change speed gear box
Device hydraulic drive connects, and hydraulic motor is connected with hydraulic energy storage device hydraulic drive, and hydraulic motor machinery is connected vehicle-mounted operation
Device.
For above-mentioned fuel oil hydraulic hybrid sanitation cart dynamical system, the present invention provides a kind of power-control method, but
It is that the method is also not necessarily limited to above-mentioned fuel oil hydraulic hybrid sanitation cart dynamical system, the method at least includes Vehicle-borne operation device
The situation of operation, in summary, when the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, hydraulic energy storage device
Energy is provided for Vehicle-borne operation device；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, electromotor
Energy is provided for Vehicle-borne operation device.
Specifically, when vehicle traveling and Vehicle-borne operation device are run simultaneously：
As shown in figure 3, when hydraulic energy storage device energy is sufficient, electromotor does not start, now the dynamical system is pure hydraulic pressure
On the one hand drive pattern, hydraulic energy storage device provide high pressure liquid force feed to chassis hydraulic pump/motor, through being driven shaft-driven vehicle row
Sail；Another aspect hydraulic energy storage device provides high pressure liquid force feed to hydraulic motor, provides phase according to Vehicle-borne operation device loading demand
Driving torque is answered, Vehicle-borne operation device job requirement is met.In driving vehicle travel process, control system can in real time according to driving
The operation of member calculates car load power demand, the output of adjustment hydraulic energy storage device, the rotating speed of chassis hydraulic pump/motor, torque
Deng.As shown in figure 4, when vehicle is braked, using car load regenerating braking energy recovery technology, controlling chassis hydraulic pump/motor and carrying
For suitable braking moment, by the energy stores in braking procedure in hydraulic energy storage device.
As shown in figure 5, when hydraulic energy storage device energy is reduced, namely when being unsatisfactory for the energy of system requirements, electromotor is opened
Dynamic, clutch is combined, and now the dynamical system is hybrid mode, and motor-powered vehicle is travelled, in order that electromotor combustion
More preferably, work efficiency is higher for oily economy, and control system provides corresponding moment of torsion to electromotor by hydraulic pump/motor, so as to
Lift engine load rate so that engine stabilizer is operated in high efficient district, now the rich energy of electromotor drives chassis hydraulic pressure
Pump/motor, now hydraulic pump/motor is hydraulic pressure pump condition, low-pressure hydraulic oil is boosted and is pressed oil for high pressure liquid, there is provided give hydraulic pressure horse
Up to driving Vehicle-borne operation device to carry out operation, job demand is met.If Vehicle-borne operation device needs high-power operation, namely
When the energy that Vehicle-borne operation device needs is more than the energy that electromotor sends, hydraulic energy storage device discharges high pressure liquid force feed simultaneously, is
Hydraulic motor provides energy, i.e. electromotor and hydraulic energy storage device drives Vehicle-borne operation device simultaneously.As shown in fig. 6, working as vehicle system
When dynamic, chassis hydraulic pump/motor provides braking moment, reclaims braking energy, stores in hydraulic energy storage device.
In addition, when a clutch is arranged between hydraulic pump/motor and wheel again, can be real during the clutch separation
Now the sanitation cart is static, in this case：When hydraulic energy storage device energy is sufficient, electromotor does not start, and hydraulic energy storage device is
Vehicle-borne operation device provides energy；When hydraulic energy storage device energy is not enough, engine start, electromotor are carried for Vehicle-borne operation device
Energizing quantity.
The control method is also included when vehicle traveling and Vehicle-borne operation device are not run：
As shown in fig. 7, when hydraulic energy storage device energy is sufficient, i.e., when the high pressure liquid force feed in hydraulic energy storage device is sufficient, sending out
Motivation does not start, and now the dynamical system is pure hydraulic-driven pattern, and hydraulic energy storage device release high pressure liquid force feed, is chassis hydraulic pressure
Pump/motor provides energy, and now hydraulic pump/motor is worked in the form of hydraulic motor, directly drives vehicle row by power transmission shaft
Sail, car load power demand, the rotating speed of real-time adjustment hydraulic pump/motor and torsion are calculated according to the operation of driver and actual condition
Square, car load transition process realize that low noise, zero-emission drive traveling；As shown in figure 8, when vehicle is braked, by hydraulic pump/motor
There is provided brake force, now hydraulic pump/motor work in the form of hydraulic pump, according to operating mode and operator demand control hydraulic pump/
Motor provides braking moment, by low-pressure hydraulic oil boosting storage in hydraulic energy storage device, so as to the kinetic energy of vehicle is converted to liquid
Pressure potential energy, realizes reclaiming braking energy.
As shown in figure 9, when hydraulic energy storage device energy is not enough, i.e., during high-pressure and hydraulic shortage of oil in hydraulic energy storage device, send out
Motivation start, clutch combine, electromotor participate in drive driving, now the system be hybrid mode, driving using system
The person's of sailing identification function, according to rotating speed and the torque of the operation real-time adjustment electromotor and chassis hydraulic pump/motor of driver.According to
Actual condition controls the mode of operation of chassis hydraulic pump/motor, is in hydraulic motor, standby or hydraulic pump isotype.Send out
In the motivation course of work, control engine stabilizer is operated in high efficient district, so as to improve the work efficiency and fuel-economy of electromotor
Property.As shown in Figure 10, during braking, chassis hydraulic pump/motor provides suitable braking moment, it is ensured that in the case of safety, to the greatest extent may be used
Braking energy can be reclaimed, is stored in hydraulic energy storage device.
The system can utilize the characteristic of the release hydraulic oil of hydraulic energy storage device and storage hydraulic oil, to meet vehicle traveling
Or power demand during vehicle-mounted operation.During vehicle start, speed is than relatively low, if the high pressure liquid force feed in hydraulic energy storage device is filled
Foot, can drive car load pure hydraulic-driven traveling by chassis hydraulic pump/motor, it is to avoid when traditional environmental sanitation vehicles are started to walk, noise is big,
The drawbacks of maximum discharge；When the high-pressure and hydraulic shortage of oil in hydraulic energy storage device, clutch is combined, and electromotor also drives vehicle-mounted operation
Device.According to the high pressure liquid of hydraulic energy storage device force feed number, namely the abundance of the energy in hydraulic energy storage device is whether, control ring
Car is defended in pure hydraulic-driven pattern still in hybrid mode, power demand when sanitation cart works is met.Send out to improve
The work efficiency of motivation, improves fuel economy, in engine working process, can be by hydraulic pump/motor to electromotor
Corresponding moment of torsion is provided, so as to lift engine load rate so that engine stabilizer is operated in high efficient district.When vehicle is braked, profit
Regenerating braking energy recovery technology is used, by the energy stores in braking procedure in hydraulic energy storage device.
Specific embodiment is presented above, but the present invention is not limited to described embodiment.The base of the present invention
This thinking is above-mentioned basic scheme, and for those of ordinary skill in the art, various changes are designed in teaching of the invention
The model of shape, formula, parameter simultaneously need not spend creative work.It is right without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention
Change, modification, replacement and the modification that embodiment is carried out is still fallen within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of sanitation cart dynamical system, the dynamical system include drive a vehicle dynamical system and Vehicle-borne operation device, and its feature exists
In for fuel oil hydraulic hybrid power system, the driving dynamical system includes one with vehicle-mounted operation to the dynamical system of driving a vehicle
The hydraulic motor that device for mechanical is connected, hydraulic motor are connected with the hydraulic energy storage device hydraulic drive in the driving dynamical system
Connect；
The driving dynamical system is parallel connection type hybrid power system；
The driving dynamical system also includes electromotor, clutch and hydraulic pump/motor, and the electromotor passes through clutch and liquid
The machine driving connection of pressure pump/motor, hydraulic pump/motor are used to connect drive axle, and hydraulic pump/motor is passed with hydraulic energy storage device hydraulic pressure
Dynamic connection；
When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, hydraulic energy storage device is carried for Vehicle-borne operation device
Energizing quantity；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the energy needed for Vehicle-borne operation device, electromotor is carried for Vehicle-borne operation device
Energizing quantity；
When Vehicle-borne operation device operation, and vehicle travel when：When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the first setting value, clutch
Separate, hydraulic energy storage device drives Vehicle-borne operation device, while driving driving；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the first setting value
When, clutch is combined, and electromotor provides driving energy for Vehicle-borne operation device；
When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the first setting value：On the one hand electromotor drives driving, on the other hand by hydraulic pressure
Pump/motor provides energy to drive Vehicle-borne operation device；When the energy of Vehicle-borne operation device needs is more than the energy that electromotor sends
During amount, hydraulic energy storage device also provides energy for hydraulic motor, and electromotor and hydraulic energy storage device drive Vehicle-borne operation device simultaneously.
2. sanitation cart dynamical system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hydraulic pump/motor passes through change speed gear box
Connection propons or back axle.
3. a kind of sanitation cart power-control method of the sanitation cart dynamical system based on described in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
Stating method at least includes the situation of Vehicle-borne operation device operation：Needed for the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than Vehicle-borne operation device
During energy, hydraulic energy storage device provides energy for Vehicle-borne operation device；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than Vehicle-borne operation device institute
During the energy for needing, electromotor provides energy for Vehicle-borne operation device；
When Vehicle-borne operation device operation, and vehicle travel when：When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the first setting value, clutch
Separate, hydraulic energy storage device drives Vehicle-borne operation device, while driving driving；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the first setting value
When, clutch is combined, and electromotor provides driving energy for Vehicle-borne operation device；
When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the first setting value：On the one hand electromotor drives driving, on the other hand by hydraulic pressure
Pump/motor provides energy to drive Vehicle-borne operation device；When the energy of Vehicle-borne operation device needs is more than the energy that electromotor sends
During amount, hydraulic energy storage device also provides energy for hydraulic motor, and electromotor and hydraulic energy storage device drive Vehicle-borne operation device simultaneously.
4. sanitation cart power-control method according to claim 3, it is characterised in that the control method also includes vehicle-mounted
Apparatus for work do not run, and vehicle traveling situation：When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is more than the second setting value, hydraulic energy storage device
Energy is provided to hydraulic pump/motor, driving is driven；When the energy of hydraulic energy storage device is less than the second setting value, clutch is combined,
Engine driving is driven a vehicle.
5. sanitation cart power-control method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that when vehicle is braked, hydraulic pump/horse
Up to braking moment is provided, by the energy stores for reclaiming in hydraulic energy storage device.
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| CN108105186B (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2020-04-17 | 湖南纽恩驰新能源车辆有限公司 | Garbage truck hydraulic control system and garbage truck |
| CN108284737A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-07-17 | 吉林大学 | A kind of hydraulic hybrid power system for road sweeper |
| CN111721540B (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2022-07-22 | 郑州宇通重工有限公司 | Sanitation car cleans executive component analogue test device and bearing structure thereof |
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| CN2832582Y (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2006-11-01 | 南京理工大学 | Vehicle hybrid power device |
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| CN202115326U (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-01-18 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司江苏徐州工程机械研究院 | Hydraulic hybrid power driving device based on integrated hydraulic energy accumulator vehicle |
| CN202626917U (en) * | 2012-05-26 | 2012-12-26 | 苏州市京达环卫设备有限公司 | Hybrid power cleaning vehicle |
| CN204605500U (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-09-02 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of sanitation cart power system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0620833B2 (en) * | 1988-10-24 | 1994-03-23 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | Vehicle brake energy regeneration device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2832582Y (en) * | 2005-11-25 | 2006-11-01 | 南京理工大学 | Vehicle hybrid power device |
| CN101542048A (en) * | 2006-10-06 | 2009-09-23 | 沃尔沃建筑设备公司 | A method for operating a working machine and a working machine |
| CN202115326U (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-01-18 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司江苏徐州工程机械研究院 | Hydraulic hybrid power driving device based on integrated hydraulic energy accumulator vehicle |
| CN202626917U (en) * | 2012-05-26 | 2012-12-26 | 苏州市京达环卫设备有限公司 | Hybrid power cleaning vehicle |
| CN204605500U (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-09-02 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of sanitation cart power system |
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Address after: 450061 Yudao Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee after: Yutong Bus Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450016 Yutong Industrial Zone, eighteen Li River, Henan, Zhengzhou Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU YUTONG BUS Co.,Ltd. |