CN104660346A - Multi-party quantum communication method and system for triple-quantum bit encoding of single photon - Google Patents
Multi-party quantum communication method and system for triple-quantum bit encoding of single photon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-party quantum communication method for triple-quantum bit encoding of single photon and a multi-party quantum communication system for triple-quantum bit encoding of single photon. The multi-party quantum communication method comprises the following steps: preparing optical pulse by Alice, randomly carrying out encoding at a first freedom degree and sending the optical pulse to Bob; randomly carrying out encoding on each optical pulse sent from Alice at a second freedom degree by Bob and sending the optical pulse to Charlie; carrying out encoding on each optical pulse sent from the Bob by Charlie, carrying out complete and accurate GHZ-state measurement on the single photon after being subjected to the triple-quantum bit encoding by Charlie, and publishing a GHZ-state measurement result by virtue of a public channel by Charlie; Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out post-treatment to form a final security key through vector comparison, error correction and privacy amplification. The multi-party quantum communication system is simple in structure; the multi-party quantum communication is realized on the basis of the existing quantum key distribution technology; meanwhile, the multi-party quantum communication code generation rate is equivalent to the quantum key distribution of two parties under the same attenuation; the multi-party quantum communication is popularized and applied.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical communication technique and security fields, refer in particular to the quantum communications method and system in many ways of a kind of single photon three quantum bit coding.
Background technology
In many ways quantum communications comprise: the negotiation of quantum secret sharing, quantum key, three people's quantum cryptographys etc., in many ways participate in because they relate to, therefore have and believe different special nature with two square tubes, thus shown great attention to by scholars numerous in the world and technical staff.Due to quantum secret sharing, quantum key negotiation, three people's quantum cryptographys etc. in many ways quantum communications based on quantum-mechanical general principle, the communication mode of adding " one-time pad " ensure that communication can be in being perfectly safe in physics level, and therefore they are very important beyond doubt for the very important national defence of confidentiality and diplomatic unit, large-scale financial company and large-scale high-tech enterprise etc.
From first quantum secret sharing scheme in 1999, proposed the time having had the more than ten years so far, the first string just causes international extensive concern once proposition, emerge the scheme of numerous improvement and change subsequently, but these schemes all exist an important problem: the distribution of high-fidelity GHZ state distance is very limited, and the preparation of GHZ state is also a more difficult problem.At present, the record farthest of GHZ state actual dispensed distance is less than 1 kilometer, this experiment is published in photonic propulsion periodical " Nature Photonics " upper (Nature Photonics 8,292 (2014)) with the form of short essay, causes the wide coverage of various countries' media.For these reasons, the quantum communications in many ways with practical operation meaning can only be theoretical schemes, and quantum communications in many ways that at a distance can be practical are very large Theory and technology challenges for scholars.
Summary of the invention
The problem of long-distance transmissions can not be applied to solve existing Technique on Quantum Communication in many ways, the present invention proposes the quantum communications method and system in many ways of a kind of single photon three quantum bit coding,
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of quantum communications method in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding, comprises the steps:
S1, Alice carry out the coding of first degree of freedom: Alice uses optical element to prepare light pulse, and the coding of first degree of freedom is carried out in each light pulse randomly, then by the light pulses that carries out after the first degree of freedom coding to Bob;
S2, Bob carry out binary coding: Bob and use optical element to carry out binary coding randomly to each light pulse sended over from Alice, then by the light pulses that carries out after the second degree of freedom coding to Charlie;
S3, Charlie carry out the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom: Charlie uses optical element each light pulse sended over from Bob to be carried out to the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom;
The GHZ state that S4, Charlie carry out single photon is measured: Charlie carries out the complete and GHZ state determined to the single photon after three quantum bits codings and measures;
S5, Alice, Bob and Charlie generate key: Charlie and announce GHZ state measurement result by overt channel, Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out reprocessing by the classical channel of certification, are amplified the key forming final unconditional security by basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy;
Wherein, Alice, Bob and Charlie are the designates of each participant that communicates.
As preferably, the first described degree of freedom is the polarization degree of freedom, and the second described degree of freedom is the time degree of freedom, and described Three Degree Of Freedom is spatial degrees of freedom.
Preferred as another, the first described degree of freedom is the time degree of freedom, and the second described degree of freedom is the polarization degree of freedom, and described Three Degree Of Freedom is spatial degrees of freedom.
The present invention program's structure is simple, do not need previously prepared and distribution complexity and high-fidelity GHZ Entangled State, also the single photon not needing use three independent light components to produce carries out that a highly difficult perfection is interfered and the three-photon GHZ state of carrying out rear selection is measured, Bob is sent to after only needing Alice to carry out the coding of first degree of freedom to the photon of oneself, Bob sends to Charlie after carrying out binary coding, and Charlie carries out three quantum bits of single photon again GHZ state after carrying out the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom is measured.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of quantum communications in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding, comprise light source, first degree of freedom coding unit, first quantum channel, second degree of freedom coding unit, second quantum channel, Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit and single photon detection unit, described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit is for having input, the space encoding unit of the first output and the second output, described single photon detection unit comprises the first polarization beam apparatus, second polarization beam apparatus, first single-photon detector, second single-photon detector, 3rd single-photon detector, 4th single-photon detector, the first described polarization beam apparatus, second polarization beam apparatus has the first port respectively, second port and the 3rd port, described light source connects one end of the first degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of described first quantum channel connect the other end of the first degree of freedom coding unit respectively, one end of second degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of described second quantum channel connect the other end of the second degree of freedom coding unit respectively, the input of Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit, first output of described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, second output of Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus, second port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the first single-photon detector, 3rd port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the second single-photon detector, second port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 3rd single-photon detector, 3rd port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 4th single-photon detector.
Wherein, light pulse is become the light pulse of two-way polarization orthogonal by the first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus according to polarization beam splitting, the light pulse transmission of horizontal polarization, orthogonal polarized light pulse-echo; First single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the 3rd single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector are for detecting single photon pulses.
As preferably, the first described degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device, and the second described degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder.First polarization encoder device to the intrinsic quantum state of a light pulse random coded Z, X, Y basic vector, such as, uses the relative phase of phase modulator modulation fast and slow axis and prepares polarization quantum state; Clock coder to the intrinsic quantum state of Z, X, Y basic vector of a light pulse random coded time bit, such as, uses the quantum state of unequal arm interferometer or faraday's Michelson's interferometer and the preparation time such as phase-modulator, intensity modulator bit.
Preferred as another, the first described degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder, and the second described degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device.Clock coder to the intrinsic quantum state of Z, X, Y basic vector of a light pulse random coded time bit, such as, uses the quantum state of unequal arm interferometer or faraday's Michelson's interferometer and the preparation time such as phase-modulator, intensity modulator bit; First polarization encoder device to the intrinsic quantum state of a light pulse random coded Z, X, Y basic vector, such as, uses the relative phase of phase modulator modulation fast and slow axis and prepares polarization quantum state.
As preferably, described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit comprises the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, 4th polarization encoder device, time bit reversal device, polarization bit turner, 3rd polarization encoder device, second polarization beam apparatus, one 45 degree of polarization rotator and the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator, the 3rd described polarization beam apparatus has the first port, second port and the 3rd port, the 4th described polarization beam apparatus has the first port, second port, 3rd port and the 4th port, first port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus connects the second quantum channel, second port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the second polarization encoder device, the other end of the second polarization encoder device is connected with one end of time bit reversal device, the other end of time bit reversal device is connected with the first port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, 3rd port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of polarization bit turner, the other end of polarization bit turner is connected with one end of the 3rd polarization encoder device, the other end of the 3rd polarization encoder device is connected with the second port of the second polarization beam apparatus, 3rd port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the one 45 degree of polarization rotator, the other end of the one 45 degree of polarization rotator connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, 4th port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator, the other end of the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus.The time bit of quantum state overturns by time bit reversal device, such as use cascade unequal arm interferometer, the arm length difference of outer unequal arm interferometer is the arm length difference of L and interior unequal arm interferometer is 2L, thus makes light pulse realize time upset, or uses optical switch time bit reversal etc.; Polarization bit turner is that horizontal polarization light pulse is become vertical polarization, and vertical polarization light pulse is become horizontal polarization; Light pulse is become the light pulse of two-way polarization orthogonal by the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, the 4th polarization beam apparatus according to polarization beam splitting, the light pulse transmission of horizontal polarization, orthogonal polarized light pulse-echo.
As preferably, the first described quantum channel, the second quantum channel are optical fiber, fiber waveguide or free space.
As preferably, described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit comprises the first beam splitter, second time bit reversal device, phase-modulator, second polarization bit turner and the second beam splitter, the first described beam splitter has first end mouth, second port and the 3rd port, the second described beam splitter has first end mouth, second port, 3rd port and the 4th port, first port of the first beam splitter connects the second quantum channel, second port of the first beam splitter is connected with one end of the second time bit reversal device, the other end of the second time bit reversal device is connected with the first port of the second beam splitter, 3rd port of the first beam splitter is connected with one end of phase-modulator, the other end of phase-modulator is connected with one end of the second polarization bit turner, the other end of the second polarization bit turner is connected with the second port of the second beam splitter, 3rd port of the second beam splitter connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, 4th port of the second beam splitter connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus.The time bit of quantum state overturns by the second time bit reversal device, such as use cascade unequal arm interferometer, the arm length difference of outer unequal arm interferometer is L and the arm length difference of interior unequal arm interferometer is 2L, thus make light pulse realize time upset, or use optical switch time bit reversal etc.; Second polarization bit turner is that horizontal polarization light pulse is become vertical polarization, and vertical polarization light pulse is become horizontal polarization; Light pulse is beamed into the identical light pulse of two bundles by the first beam splitter, the second beam splitter.
As preferably, the first described quantum channel, the second quantum channel are optical fiber, fiber waveguide or free space.
As preferably, described light source be obtained by internal modulation and external modulation chopping method light pulse, the laser pulse light source after attenuator attenuates, the quantum dot single-photon source after attenuator attenuates or the forecast single-photon source after attenuator attenuates.
In the present invention; First single-photon detector, the second single-photon detector, the 3rd single-photon detector, the 4th single-photon detector are for detecting single photon pulses.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: scenario-frame is simple, do not need previously prepared and distribution complexity and high-fidelity GHZ Entangled State, also the single photon not needing use three independent light components to produce carries out that a highly difficult perfection is interfered and the three-photon GHZ state of carrying out rear selection is measured, what safety became the BB84 agreement of code check and common quantum key distribution becomes code check under same channel is decayed substantially quite, than in the past in many ways quantum communications become code check to improve three orders of magnitude.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the quantum communications method in many ways of single photon three quantum bit of the present invention coding;
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation of the quantum communication system in many ways of single photon three quantum bit of the present invention coding;
Fig. 3 is the another kind of structural representation of the quantum communication system in many ways of single photon three quantum bit of the present invention coding.
In figure, 1-light source, 2-first polarization encoder device, 3-first quantum channel, 4-clock coder, 5-second quantum channel, 7-first polarization beam apparatus, 8-second polarization beam apparatus, 9-first single-photon detector, 10-second single-photon detector, 11-the 3rd single-photon detector, 12-the 4th single-photon detector, 601-the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, 602-second polarization encoder device, 603-time bit reversal device, 604-polarization bit turner, 605-the 3rd polarization encoder device, 606-the 4th polarization beam apparatus, 607-the one 45 degree of polarization rotator, 608-the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator, 611-first beam splitter, 612-second time bit reversal device, 613-phase-modulator, 614-second polarization bit turner, 615-second beam splitter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of quantum communications method in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding, comprises the steps:
S1, Alice carry out the coding of first degree of freedom: Alice uses optical element to prepare light pulse, and the coding of first degree of freedom is carried out in each light pulse randomly, then by the light pulses that carries out after the first degree of freedom coding to Bob;
S2, Bob carry out binary coding: Bob and use optical element to carry out binary coding randomly to each light pulse sended over from Alice, then by the light pulses that carries out after the second degree of freedom coding to Charlie;
S3, Charlie carry out the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom: Charlie uses optical element each light pulse sended over from Bob to be carried out to the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom;
The GHZ state that S4, Charlie carry out single photon is measured: Charlie carries out the complete and GHZ state determined to the single photon after three quantum bits codings and measures;
S5, Alice, Bob and Charlie generate key: Charlie and announce GHZ state measurement result by overt channel, Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out reprocessing by the classical channel of certification, are amplified the key forming final unconditional security by basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy;
Wherein, Alice, Bob and Charlie are the designates of each participant that communicates, and three degree of freedom is respectively: first degree of freedom is the polarization degree of freedom, and second degree of freedom is the time degree of freedom, and Three Degree Of Freedom is spatial degrees of freedom; Or first degree of freedom is the time degree of freedom, second degree of freedom is the polarization degree of freedom, and Three Degree Of Freedom is spatial degrees of freedom.
The invention also discloses the quantum communication system in many ways of the single photon three quantum bit coding of the quantum communications method in many ways based on above-mentioned single photon three quantum bit coding, embodiment is as follows.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of quantum communication system in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding, comprise light source 1, first degree of freedom coding unit, the first quantum channel 3, second degree of freedom coding unit, the second quantum channel 5, Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit and single photon detection unit, light source 1, first degree of freedom coding unit forms communication participant Alice, second degree of freedom coding unit forms communication participant Bob, and Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit forms with single photon detection unit the participant Charlie that communicates.Wherein, light source be obtained by internal modulation and external modulation chopping method light pulse, the laser pulse light source after attenuator attenuates, the quantum dot single-photon source after attenuator attenuates or the forecast single-photon source after attenuator attenuates; First quantum channel, the second quantum channel are formed by optical fiber, fiber waveguide or free space; First degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device 2; Second degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder 4; Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit is the space encoding unit with input, the first output and the second output, comprise the 3rd polarization beam apparatus 601, the 4th polarization encoder device 602, time bit reversal device 603, polarization bit turner the 604, the 3rd polarization encoder device 605, the 4th polarization beam apparatus the 606, the 1 degree of polarization rotator 607 and the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator 608,3rd polarization beam apparatus has the first port, the second port and the 3rd port, and the 4th polarization beam apparatus has the first port, the second port, the 3rd port and the 4th port; Single photon detection unit comprises the first polarization beam apparatus 7, second polarization beam apparatus 8, first single-photon detector 9, second single-photon detector 10, the 3rd single-photon detector 11, the 4th single-photon detector 12, first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus have the first port, the second port and the 3rd port respectively.
Light source connects one end of the first degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of the first quantum channel connect the other end of the first degree of freedom coding unit respectively, one end of second degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of the second quantum channel connect the other end of the second degree of freedom coding unit respectively, first port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, second port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the second polarization encoder device, the other end of the second polarization encoder device is connected with one end of time bit reversal device, the other end of time bit reversal device is connected with the first port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, 3rd port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of polarization bit turner, the other end of polarization bit turner is connected with one end of the 3rd polarization encoder device, the other end of the 3rd polarization encoder device is connected with the second port of the second polarization beam apparatus, 3rd port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the one 45 degree of polarization rotator, the other end of the one 45 degree of polarization rotator connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, 4th port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator, the other end of the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus, second port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the first single-photon detector, 3rd port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus connects the second single-photon detector, second port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 3rd single-photon detector, 3rd port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus connects the 4th single-photon detector.
Alice utilizes light source to send light pulse and is input to the first polarization encoder device, prepare the light pulse of first polarization degree of freedom coding, the quantum state of polarization encoder is sent to Bob through first quantum channel of not trusted by Alice, Bob clock coder carries out the coding of time bit, Bob by the light pulses through two degrees of freedom coding to Charlie, Charlie by light pulse through the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, make the light pulse of horizontal polarization be transmitted to the second polarization encoder and walk upper pathway, the light pulse of vertical polarization reflexes to polarization bit turner and goes down path, path code is equivalent at the polarization encoder of Charlie Alice, therefore Charlie is carrying out an identical polarization encoder to upper pathway and lower path, light pulse through identical polarization encoder is input to the 4th polarization beam apparatus by Charlie respectively, detected by the first single-photon detector and the second single-photon detector after the first polarization beam apparatus after the one 45 degree of circulator from the light pulse of the 3rd port outgoing of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, detected by the 3rd single-photon detector and the 4th single-photon detector after the second polarization beam apparatus after the 2 45 degree of circulator from the light pulse of the 4th port outgoing of the 4th polarization beam apparatus.First single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
(wherein U and L represents upper and lower path bit respectively, T
0and T
1represent surrounding time bit, H and V represents horizontal vertical polarization bit), the first single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
second single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
second single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
3rd single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
3rd single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
4th single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
4th single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
charlie announces the measurement result of GHZ state by overt channel, and Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out basic vector comparison by the classical channel of certification.For each GHZ state, between the bit of Alice, Bob and Charlie, there is association, after error correction and privacy are amplified, form the key of final safety, for quantum communications in many ways.
Embodiment 2
In embodiment 2, the first degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder, and the second degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device, and other are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 3, a kind of quantum communication system in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding, comprise light source 1, first degree of freedom coding unit, the first quantum channel 3, second degree of freedom coding unit, the second quantum channel 5, Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit and single photon detection unit, light source 1, first degree of freedom coding unit forms communication participant Alice, second degree of freedom coding unit forms communication participant Bob, and Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit forms with single photon detection unit the participant Charlie that communicates.Wherein, light source be obtained by internal modulation and external modulation chopping method light pulse, the laser pulse light source after attenuator attenuates, the quantum dot single-photon source after attenuator attenuates or the forecast single-photon source after attenuator attenuates; First quantum channel, the second quantum channel are formed by optical fiber, fiber waveguide or free space; First degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device 2; Second degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder 4; Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit is the space encoding unit with input, the first output and the second output, comprise the first beam splitter 611, second time bit reversal device 612, phase-modulator 613, second polarization bit turner 614 and the second beam splitter 615, first beam splitter has first end mouth, the second port and the 3rd port, and the second beam splitter has first end mouth, the second port, the 3rd port and the 4th port; Single photon detection unit comprises the first polarization beam apparatus 7, second polarization beam apparatus 8, first single-photon detector 9, second single-photon detector 10, the 3rd single-photon detector 11, the 4th single-photon detector 12, first polarization beam apparatus, the second polarization beam apparatus have the first port, the second port and the 3rd port respectively.
Light source connects one end of the first degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of the first quantum channel connect the other end of the first degree of freedom coding unit respectively, one end of second degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of the second quantum channel connect the other end of the second degree of freedom coding unit respectively, first port of the first beam splitter, second port of the first beam splitter is connected with one end of the second time bit reversal device, the other end of the second time bit reversal device is connected with the first port of the second beam splitter, 3rd port of the first beam splitter is connected with one end of phase-modulator, the other end of phase-modulator is connected with one end of the second polarization bit turner, the other end of the second polarization bit turner is connected with the second port of the second beam splitter, 3rd port of the second beam splitter connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, 4th port of the second beam splitter connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus, second port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the first single-photon detector, 3rd port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the second single-photon detector, second port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 3rd single-photon detector, 3rd port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 4th single-photon detector.
Alice utilizes light source to send light pulse and is input to the first polarization encoder device, prepare the light pulse of first polarization degree of freedom coding, the quantum state of polarization encoder is sent to Bob through first quantum channel of not trusted by Alice, Bob clock coder carries out the coding of time bit, Bob by the light pulses through two degrees of freedom coding to Charlie, light pulse is divided into upper next path through the first beam splitter by Charlie, phase-modulator is to upper and lower two path-modulation relative phase pathway bits of encoded, upper and lower path interferes on the second beam splitter respectively through time bit reversal device and polarization bit turner, with selecting GHZ state after single-photon detector.First single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
first single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
second single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
second single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
3rd single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
3rd single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
4th single-photon detector is at T
0time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
4th single-photon detector is at T
1time of day response represents that the GHZ state measured is
charlie announces the measurement result of GHZ state by overt channel, and Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out basic vector comparison by the classical channel of certification.For each GHZ state, there is association between the bit of Alice, Bob and Charlie, after error correction and privacy are amplified, the key forming final safety is used for quantum communications in many ways.
Embodiment 4
In embodiment 4, the first degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder, and the second degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device, and other are identical with embodiment 3.
Above embodiment is only and technological thought of the present invention is described, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, and every technological thought proposed according to the present invention, any change that technical scheme basis is done, all falls within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a quantum communications method in many ways for single photon three quantum bit coding, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
S1, Alice carry out the coding of first degree of freedom: Alice uses optical element to prepare light pulse, and the coding of first degree of freedom is carried out in each light pulse randomly, then by the light pulses that carries out after the first degree of freedom coding to Bob;
S2, Bob carry out binary coding: Bob and use optical element to carry out binary coding randomly to each light pulse sended over from Alice, then by the light pulses that carries out after the second degree of freedom coding to Charlie;
S3, Charlie carry out the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom: Charlie uses optical element each light pulse sended over from Bob to be carried out to the coding of Three Degree Of Freedom;
The GHZ state that S4, Charlie carry out single photon is measured: Charlie carries out the complete and GHZ state determined to the single photon after three quantum bits codings and measures;
S5, Alice, Bob and Charlie generate key: Charlie and announce GHZ state measurement result by overt channel, Alice, Bob and Charlie carry out reprocessing by the classical channel of certification, are amplified the key forming final unconditional security by basic vector comparison, error correction and privacy;
Wherein, Alice, Bob and Charlie are the designates of each participant that communicates.
2. the quantum communications method in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the first described degree of freedom is the polarization degree of freedom, the second described degree of freedom is the time degree of freedom, and described Three Degree Of Freedom is spatial degrees of freedom.
3. the quantum communications method in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the first described degree of freedom is the time degree of freedom, the second described degree of freedom is the polarization degree of freedom, and described Three Degree Of Freedom is spatial degrees of freedom.
4. the quantum communications in many ways of a single photon three quantum bit coding, it is characterized in that: comprise light source, first degree of freedom coding unit, first quantum channel, second degree of freedom coding unit, second quantum channel, Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit and single photon detection unit, described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit is for having input, the space encoding unit of the first output and the second output, described single photon detection unit comprises the first polarization beam apparatus, second polarization beam apparatus, first single-photon detector, second single-photon detector, 3rd single-photon detector, 4th single-photon detector, the first described polarization beam apparatus, second polarization beam apparatus has the first port respectively, second port and the 3rd port, described light source connects one end of the first degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of described first quantum channel connect the other end of the first degree of freedom coding unit respectively, one end of second degree of freedom coding unit, the two ends of described second quantum channel connect the other end of the second degree of freedom coding unit respectively, the input of Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit, first output of described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, second output of Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus, second port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the first single-photon detector, 3rd port of the first polarization beam apparatus connects the second single-photon detector, second port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 3rd single-photon detector, 3rd port of the second polarization beam apparatus connects the 4th single-photon detector.
5. the quantum communications in many ways of single photon three quantum bit according to claim 4 coding, is characterized in that: described light source be obtained by internal modulation and external modulation chopping method light pulse, the laser pulse light source after attenuator attenuates, the quantum dot single-photon source after attenuator attenuates or the forecast single-photon source after attenuator attenuates.
6. the quantum communications in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the first described quantum channel, the second quantum channel are optical fiber, fiber waveguide or free space.
7. the quantum communications in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the first described degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device, the second described degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder.
8. the quantum communications in many ways of single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the first described degree of freedom coding unit is clock coder, the second described degree of freedom coding unit is the first polarization encoder device.
9. the quantum communications in many ways of the single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit comprises the 3rd polarization beam apparatus, 4th polarization encoder device, time bit reversal device, polarization bit turner, 3rd polarization encoder device, second polarization beam apparatus, one 45 degree of polarization rotator and the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator, the 3rd described polarization beam apparatus has the first port, second port and the 3rd port, the 4th described polarization beam apparatus has the first port, second port, 3rd port and the 4th port, first port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus connects the second quantum channel, second port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the second polarization encoder device, the other end of the second polarization encoder device is connected with one end of time bit reversal device, the other end of time bit reversal device is connected with the first port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus, 3rd port of the 3rd polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of polarization bit turner, the other end of polarization bit turner is connected with one end of the 3rd polarization encoder device, the other end of the 3rd polarization encoder device is connected with the second port of the second polarization beam apparatus, 3rd port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the one 45 degree of polarization rotator, the other end of the one 45 degree of polarization rotator connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, 4th port of the 4th polarization beam apparatus is connected with one end of the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator, the other end of the 2 45 degree of polarization rotator connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus.
10. the quantum communications in many ways of the single photon three quantum bit coding according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that: described Three Degree Of Freedom coding unit comprises the first beam splitter, second time bit reversal device, phase-modulator, second polarization bit turner and the second beam splitter, the first described beam splitter has first end mouth, second port and the 3rd port, the second described beam splitter has first end mouth, second port, 3rd port and the 4th port, first port of the first beam splitter connects the second quantum channel, second port of the first beam splitter is connected with one end of the second time bit reversal device, the other end of the second time bit reversal device is connected with the first port of the second beam splitter, 3rd port of the first beam splitter is connected with one end of phase-modulator, the other end of phase-modulator is connected with one end of the second polarization bit turner, the other end of the second polarization bit turner is connected with the second port of the second beam splitter, 3rd port of the second beam splitter connects the first port of the first polarization beam apparatus, 4th port of the second beam splitter connects the first port of the second polarization beam apparatus.
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