CN104638501B - A kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range - Google Patents

A kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range Download PDF

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CN104638501B
CN104638501B CN201510044346.6A CN201510044346A CN104638501B CN 104638501 B CN104638501 B CN 104638501B CN 201510044346 A CN201510044346 A CN 201510044346A CN 104638501 B CN104638501 B CN 104638501B
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repetition rate
laser
signal
erbium
wide
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CN104638501A (en
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杨丽君
吴学健
张弘元
李岩
尉昊赟
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

A kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range; including the adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate, repetition rate locking system and computer control system based on mixed mode-locking mechanism; erbium-doped fiber laser carries annular chamber; intracavitary adds the optical delay line automatically controlled; the repetition rate of laser can realize large-scale tuning; in order to realize the stabilization of repetition rate; on the one hand, the length of gain fibre is controlled using piezoelectric ceramics to suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate;On the other hand, regulation optical delay line can compensate a wide range of Long-term Fluctuation of repetition rate;Femtosecond laser oscillator of the present invention has the advantages such as compact, stability are good, repetition rate is tunable, repetition rate is controllable, with the potentiality worked in industrial environment.

Description

A kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of measuring technique, more particularly to a kind of Miniature optical fiber with wide repetition rate tuning range Femto-second laser.
Background technology
The femto-second laser using two with certain repetition rate difference constitutes asynchronous time domain sampling system, it is possible to achieve High-precision absolute distance measurement and accurate spectral measurement.This method has measuring speed fast and the advantage such as degree of accuracy height because of it, Have become the focus of present laser field of precision measurement.The performance of femto-second laser is the bottleneck of whole measuring system.Although Optical fiber femtosecond laser used at present, compared to femto-second solid laser device, with compact, cheap and stability Good advantage, but in order to carry out accurate measurement using femtosecond laser in commercial Application, the performance of optical fiber femtosecond laser is also Need elevated.On the one hand, it is necessary to increase the tuning range of femtosecond laser repetition rate.2004, Washburn et al. was mixing Fiber delay line is added in bait optic fiber ring-shaped cavity, 49.3MHz -50.1MHz repetition rate adjustable range has been obtained.The same year, Hundertmark et al. has obtained 55.3MHz -56.4MHz repetition rate in erbium-doped fiber chamber using movable mirror Adjustable range.Although above-mentioned laser realizes the tuning of repetition rate, but tuning range is very limited.Increase repetition rate Tuning range the repetition rate adjustable range of femto-second laser can be caused to be enough to suppress long-term temperature drift, and this Can become easier to two close femto-second lasers of repetition rate of making.On the other hand swash, it is necessary to improve femtosecond fiber The stability of light device mode-lock status.Nonlinear polarization and saturable absorption are two kinds of common optical fiber femtosecond laser Mould locking machines System, but each have both advantages and disadvantages, the erbium-doped fiber based on saturable absorption and nonlinear polarization rotation mixed mode-locking mechanism swashs Light device can produce self-starting and the stable femto-second laser pulse of locked mode, and this mixed mode-locking mechanism is adapted to for production environment The strong frequency comb of property is highly effective.But, how effectively to realize that two kinds of the effective of locked mode mechanism are combined, it is necessary to swash for femtosecond The dispersion characteristics of optical cavity are optimized.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, there is wide repetition rate tuning it is an object of the invention to provide one kind The Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of scope, the optical delay line automatically controlled is added in loop laser intracavitary, and mixing bait Piezoelectric ceramics is adhered on optical fiber, changes chamber length to suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate by piezoelectric ceramics, optical fiber is realized and flies The a wide range of tuning of second laser repetition rate, optimizes the intra-cavity dispersion of optical fiber femtosecond laser, realizes nonlinear polarization With effective combination of saturable absorption, the stability of laser is finally improved using this mixed mode-locking mode.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range, including based on mixed mode-locking mechanism The adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate, repetition rate locking system and computer control system, wherein:
The repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism is adjustable, and erbium-doped fiber laser includes being successively set on pumping source 1 The wavelength division multiplexer 200 of composition loop laser chamber is connected by single-mode fiber 210, piezoelectric ceramics is stained with emitting light path 202 erbium-doped fiber 201, optoisolator 203, semiconductor saturable absorber 204, optical delay line 205 and it is arranged on light The nonlinear polarization rotation device between the left and right collimation lens of delay line 205 is learned, is found by nonlinear polarization rotation device Optimal polarization state is so as to realize locked mode, and mode-locked laser is with space light output;
The repetition rate locking system includes connecing the coupler 300 that the spatial light is classified as two beams, and successively It is disposed therein the photodetector 301,1 in a branch of light path:2 optical splitter 302, bandpass filter 303, amplifier 304, phase Location probe 305, proportional integrator 306 and high-voltage amplifier 307;The phase detector 305 is by a frequency mixer and one Low pass filter is constituted, the local oscillated signal that the local oscillator 309 that frequency mixer connection is locked on rubidium clock 308 is exported, The electric signal that amplifier 304 is exported is mixed with the local oscillated signal takes out difference frequency signal by low pass filter again, the difference Frequency signal is error signal, and passing ratio integrator 306 is changed into voltage signal to error signal again, eventually through high-voltage amplifier 307 obtain high-voltage signal, and the chamber that the high-voltage signal is used to control piezoelectric ceramics 202 to change the erbium-doped fiber laser is long, from And suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate, make the repetition rate of output laser stable;
The computer control system includes computer 400 and frequency meter 401, and frequency meter 401 connects 1:2 optical splitter 302 Output signal all the way and rubidium clock 308 inputs its frequency to computer 400, computer 400 also passes through data collecting card 402 The output of proportional integrator 306 is received, computer 400 is by judging the output of proportional integrator 306 come to optical delay line 205 It is controlled, realizes the increase or reduction of the erbium-doped fiber laser chamber length, compensation exports the long-term big of laser repetition rate Scope is fluctuated.
The laser coupled that the wavelength division multiplexer 200 sends pumping source 1 is into loop laser chamber, the He of erbium-doped fiber 201 Optoisolator 203 ensures that light is moved along a single direction, and semiconductor saturable absorber 204 utilizes the nonlinear filtering to light intensity Effect realizes self-starting.
The nonlinear polarization rotation device by the quarter wave plate 206 being successively set in light path, the one 1/2 wave plate 207, The wave plate 209 of polarization splitting prism 208 and the 2nd 1/2, finds optimal polarization state to realize locked mode by rotating wave plate, locks Mould laser is by polarization splitting prism 208 with space light output.
The erbium-doped fiber 201 winds cyclization.
The frequency meter 401 connects 1:The carry out repetition rate locking, 1 all the way of 2 output signal of optical splitter 302:2 light splitting Another road of the output signal of device 302 is connected to band logical bandpass filter 303, and band logical bandpass filter 303 repeats frequency by be locked Frequency signal outside rate is filtered, and reduces noise and interference.
The frequency setting of the local oscillator 309 and the frequency setting of rubidium clock 308 are consistent with repetition rate to be locked.
The high-voltage signal controls the chamber of the change erbium-doped fiber laser of piezoelectric ceramics 202 long as feedback signal, until The error signal of output is 0.
Exceed excursion when repetition rate changes, the continuous collecting error signal of data collecting card 402 gives computer, Computer 400 judges that repetition rate changes by error signal and whether exceedes control range, if exceeding, controls optical delay line 205, it is progressively moved, often move and error signal is judged after moving a step, until error signal is 0, make optical delay line 205 stop motions, that is, reach the suppression to the long-term wide fluctuations of repetition rate.
The output laser fundamental frequency of miniature fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range is persistently locked to In 14 hours of rubidium clock, the standard variance of fundamental frequency is 0.16mHz.
In the miniature fiber femto-second laser that the present invention has wide repetition rate tuning range, the optics that can be automatically controlled Delay line maximum can change laser cavity and be about 5.5cm, and frequency is repeated so as to obtain the wide of 101.29MHz -103.02MHz Rate tuning range.
The present invention has the miniature fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range, not only can be to output laser Fundamental frequency is locked, but also 10 subharmonic (1.02GHz) can be locked, when 10 subharmonic are locked, feedback bandwidth ~400Hz can be reached.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Pulse characteristicses figure when Fig. 2 is different repetition rates, wherein, note:(a) with (d) it is 101.3MHz, (b) and (e) is 102.0MHz, (c) and (f) is 103.0MHz, a width of 2nm of resolution belt of spectrometer (86142B, Agilent), autocorrelation function analyzer The scanning range of (PulseCheck, APE) is 1500fs.
Fig. 3 be repetition rate be 102.0MHz when timing diagram and spectrogram, wherein frequency spectrograph (N9020A, Agilent a width of 1MHz of resolution belt), decays to 10dB.
Fig. 4 is prolonged repetition rate control schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The system architecture of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1.The system includes three parts:Repetition frequency based on mixed mode-locking mechanism Rate is adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser, repetition rate locking system and computer control system.
The adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate wherein based on mixed mode-locking mechanism includes being successively set on pumping source 1 The wavelength division multiplexer 200 of composition loop laser chamber is connected by single-mode fiber 210, piezoelectric ceramics is stained with emitting light path 202 erbium-doped fiber 201, optoisolator 203, semiconductor saturable absorber 204, optical delay line 205, quarter wave plate 206, One 1/2 wave plate 207, the wave plate 209 of polarization splitting prism 208 and the 2nd 1/2, wavelength division multiplexer 200 by pumping source 1 send swash Optically coupling in loop laser chamber, erbium-doped fiber 201 and optoisolator 203 ensure that light is moved along a single direction, it is to avoid reflection Light is impacted to pumping source 1, causes pumping laser pattern chaotic, and semiconductor saturable absorber 204 is using to the non-of light intensity Linear filtering effect realizes self-starting.And quarter wave plate 206, the one 1/2 wave plate 207, the ripple of polarization splitting prism 208 and the 2nd 1/2 Piece 209 is positioned between the left and right collimation lens of optical delay line 205, is constituted nonlinear polarization rotation device, is passed through rotation wave Piece can find optimal polarization state and realize locked mode, and mode-locked laser is by polarization splitting prism 208 with space light output;Mix bait Optical fiber 201 winds cyclization and is stained with piezoelectric ceramics 202, by controlling piezoelectric ceramics 202 and optical delay line 205 to change The chamber of loop laser chamber is long.
Repetition rate locking system includes being arranged on the coupling after the erbium-doped fiber mode-locked laser space light output Device 300, photodetector 301,1:2 optical splitter 302, bandpass filter 303, amplifier 304, phase detector 305, ratio Integrator 306, high-voltage amplifier 307, rubidium clock 308 and local oscillator 309.The sky exported from erbium-doped fiber mode-locked laser Between light be coupled to by collimater 211 after single-mode fiber two beams be divided into by coupler 300, it is a branch of to be used for repetition rate locking, A branch of to be used to measure and use after amplifying, the light for repetition rate locking after photodetector 301 by being changed into electric signal, then leads to Cross 1:2 optical splitters 302, bandpass filter 303 and the laggard applying aspect detector 305 of amplifier 304.Phase detector 305 is by one Individual frequency mixer and a low pass filter composition, electric signal and local oscillated signal after filtered, amplification carry out mixing formation Error signal, local oscillated signal is generated by local oscillator 309, and local oscillator 309 is locked on rubidium clock 308 and needed It is changed into certain after setting frequency of oscillation, obtained error signal passing ratio integrator 306 according to repetition rate value to be locked In the range of voltage signal, high-voltage signal is obtained after entering back into high-voltage amplifier 307, for controlling piezoelectric ceramics 202 and then changing The chamber for becoming loop laser chamber is long, so as to suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate, makes the repetition rate of output laser stable.
Computer control system includes computer 400, frequency meter 401 and data collecting card 402.Frequency meter 401 passes through certainly The gpib interface of body is electrically connected to computer, and frequency meter 401 connects 1:2 output signal of optical splitter 302 all the way and rubidium clock 308 Its frequency is detected, testing result is inputted to computer 400, and computer 400 receives ratio by data collecting card 402 and accumulated Divide the output of device 306, computer program is carried out automatically by judging the output of proportional integrator 306 to optical delay line 205 Control, realizes the increase or reduction of chamber length, the long-term wide fluctuations of compensation output laser repetition rate.
The making and operation of light comb system of the present invention comprise the following steps:
1st, respectively according to three part shown in Fig. 1:The adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism, Repetition rate locking system and computer control system build the optical fiber femtosecond laser with wide repetition rate tuning range.Its In in erbium doped fiber laser, erbium-doped fiber 201 uses ER110-4/125, Liekki, and length is about 0.7m, single-mode fiber 210 total lengths are about 1m, and semiconductor saturable absorber 204, can using the SA-1550-25-FC/APC of BATOP companies production The optical delay line 205 automatically controlled uses the optical delay line -300-MC/RS232 of OZ companies, and piezoelectric ceramics 202 is used The AE0505D16F of Throlabs companies.In repetition rate locking system, photodetector 301 is using Newport companies Three dB bandwidth is up to the 1611 of 1GHz, and the frequency mixer of composition phase detector 305 uses the ZAD-2+ of Mini-Circuits companies, Low pass filter uses the BLP-1.9+ of Mini-Circuits companies, but to be determined according to the repetition rate size of locking low The cut-off frequency of bandpass filter, proportional integrator adopts 306 LB1005 for using Newport companies, and local oscillator 309 is used The E8663D of Aglient companies, rubidium clock 308 is using the PRS10 of SRS companies, and its A Lan variance when average time is 1s is small In 2 × 10-11.Frequency meter 401 in computer control system uses the 53230A of Aglient companies.
2nd, will be from photodetector 301 after the optical fiber femtosecond laser with wide repetition rate tuning range is put up The electric signal of output is linked on frequency spectrograph 86142B, Agilent and oscillograph, side regulation wave plate quarter wave plate the 206, the 1st Signal on wave plate 207, the side of the 2nd 1/2 wave plate 209 observation frequency spectrograph and oscillograph, until obtaining stable mode-lock status, it The pump power of regulation pumping source 1 on frequency spectrograph until observing sufficiently wide spectral region and being shown on oscillograph afterwards Pulse sequence there is no the harmonic peaks of other levels.
3rd, after optical fiber femtosecond laser success locked mode, the chamber of the change laser of optical delay line 205 is controlled with computer 400 Long, until repetition rate reaches desired value, the repetition rate locking process description in order to after is convenient, herein using 102.0MHz as Example.
When the 4th, being locked to repetition rate, the locked mode exported from erbium-doped fiber laser is believed with photodetector 301 Number it is changed into electric signal, then passes through 1:2 beam splitter 302, takes a part to carry out repetition rate locking, is filtered afterwards by band logical band logical Ripple device 303 filters the frequency signal outside repetition rate to be locked, reduces noise and interference, after filtering after signal pass through Amplifier 304 is amplified into phase detector 305, and phase detector 305 is by a frequency mixer and a low pass filter group Into, frequency mixer it is to be overlapped the electric signal and local oscillated signal after filtered, amplification, local oscillator 309 here Frequency setting is 102.0MHz, and local oscillator 309 will be locked on rubidium clock 308, and the frequency of rubidium clock 308 will also be set as 102.0MHz.The signal exported from frequency mixer takes out difference frequency signal by low pass filter again, and this difference frequency signal is required Error signal, the obtained corner frequency of error signal passing ratio integrator 306 and gain are respectively set to become after 3kHz and 5dB Be 0-10V here for a range of voltage signal, enter back into obtained after high-voltage amplifier 307 high-voltage signal here for 0- 150V, high-voltage signal is long as the feedback signal control change chamber of piezoelectric ceramics 202, until the error signal of output is 0, so as to press down The short-term fluctuation of repetition rate has been made, the stabilization of output laser repetition rate is realized.
5th, the feedback voltage in above-mentioned repetition rate locking process changes from 0-150V, can control the change of repetition rate It is about 488Hz to change scope, has exceeded 488Hz such as with the long-term a wide range of ripple of the environmental factors such as temperature when repetition rate changes Dynamic, computer control system will play a role.The meeting of data collecting card 402 continuous collecting error signal gives computer, calculates Machine 400 judges that repetition rate changes the control range whether exceeded in step 4 by error signal, if exceeding, computer will Optical delay line 205 is controlled, it is moved length by length, often moving to move a step can about make chamber length change 2 μm, and correspondence is repeated Frequency shift about 50Hz, often moves and error signal is judged after moving a step, until error signal is 0, make optical delay line 205 Stop motion, that is, reach the suppression to the long-term wide fluctuations of repetition rate.
6th, so far optical fiber femtosecond laser can just be run in the case where repetition rate is stable in real time, if whole system is closed When restarting after machine, because the influence of environmental factor or other extraneous factors causes mode-lock status to change or pattern losing lock, As long as original locked mode just can be recovered by rotating wave plate quarter wave plate 206, the one 1/2 wave plate 207, the 2nd 1/2 wave plate 209 State.
In order to detect the performance of whole system, spectrometer, frequency spectrograph, oscillograph, autocorrelation function analyzer and signal analyzer are utilized Output signal to light comb system is tested.When utilizing optical delay line change chamber long, repetition rate difference has been obtained For 101.3MHz, 102.0MHz and 103.0MHz light pulse, the spectral shape under three kinds of repetition rates is similar, three dB bandwidth point Wei not 53.0nm, 50.8nm and 50.7nm.Using autocorrelation function analyzer PulseCheck, APE measures the duration of pulse, if Pulse has the shape of sech functions, and the theoretic pulse duration can reach 50fs or so, but be due to the arteries and veins of output Rush signal and autocorrelation function analyzer is sent into by 20cm single-mode fiber, pulse produces chirp to a certain extent, when causing pulse persistance Between increase.Spectrum and pulse duration test result are as shown in Figure 2.
After fundamental frequency 102.0MHz is locked, with oscillograph and frequency spectrograph N9020A, Agilent is surveyed to output signal Amount, test result is as shown in Figure 3.It can be seen that the time-domain signal of output pulse does not have other grades of subharmonic and miscellaneous from oscillograph Scatter frequency noise peak.Because the bandwidth of photodetector is up to 1GHz, so it can be seen that 10 in the radio-frequency spectrum of output signal The energy of rd harmonic signal is not decayed substantially.
In order to test the long-time stability of whole system, fundamental frequency 102.0MHz is locked, in piezoelectric ceramics and optics Under the control of delay line, the repetition rate stability of 14 hours is tested in the case of without temperature control.Fig. 4 provides repetition rate Change and the A Lan variances under different average times.The standard variance that repetition rate can therefrom be calculated is 0.16mHz, When average time is 1s and 1024s, the A Lan variances of repetition rate are respectively 1.71 × 10-12With 3.91 × 10-14
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the model of each part, connected mode etc. are all can be Change, every equivalents carried out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement should not be excluded the present invention's Outside protection domain.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser with wide repetition rate tuning range, it is characterised in that including based on mixed The adjustable erbium-doped fiber laser of repetition rate, repetition rate locking system and the computer control system of locked mode mechanism are closed, its In:
The repetition rate based on mixed mode-locking mechanism is adjustable, and erbium-doped fiber laser goes out including being successively set on pumping source (1) Penetrate the wavelength division multiplexer (200) of composition loop laser chamber is connected by single-mode fiber (210), piezoelectricity pottery is stained with light path Erbium-doped fiber (201), optoisolator (203), semiconductor saturable absorber (204), the optical delay line (205) of porcelain (202) And the nonlinear polarization rotation device between the left and right collimation lens of optical delay line (205) is arranged on, by non-linear inclined The rotary device that shakes finds optimal polarization state to realize locked mode, and mode-locked laser is with space light output;
The repetition rate locking system is classified as the coupler (300) of two beams including connecing the spatial light, and sets successively Be placed in one photodetector (301) in a branch of light path, 1:2 optical splitter (302), bandpass filter (303), amplifier (304), phase detector (305), proportional integrator (306) and high-voltage amplifier (307);The phase detector (305) by One frequency mixer and a low pass filter composition, frequency mixer connection are locked in the local oscillator (309) on rubidium clock (308) The local oscillated signal of output, the electric signal of amplifier (304) output is mixed again by low pass filtered with the local oscillated signal Ripple device takes out difference frequency signal, and the difference frequency signal is error signal, and passing ratio integrator (306) is changed into voltage letter to error signal again Number, high-voltage signal is obtained eventually through high-voltage amplifier (307), the high-voltage signal is used to control piezoelectric ceramics (202) to change institute The chamber for stating erbium-doped fiber laser is long, so as to suppress the short-term fluctuation of repetition rate, makes the repetition rate of output laser stable;
The computer control system includes computer (400) and frequency meter (401), and frequency meter (401) connects 1:2 optical splitter (302) output signal all the way and rubidium clock (308) inputs its frequency to computer (400), computer (400) also passes through number The output of proportional integrator (306) is received according to capture card (402), computer (400) is by judging the defeated of proportional integrator (306) Out optical delay line (205) is controlled, the increase or reduction of the erbium-doped fiber laser chamber length, compensation output is realized The long-term wide fluctuations of laser repetition rate.
2. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In, the laser coupled that the wavelength division multiplexer (200) sends pumping source (1) into loop laser chamber, erbium-doped fiber (201) and Optoisolator (203) ensures that light is moved along a single direction, and semiconductor saturable absorber (204) is using to the non-linear of light intensity Filter effect realizes self-starting.
3. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In, the nonlinear polarization rotation device by the quarter wave plate (206) being successively set in light path, the one 1/2 wave plate (207), partially Shake Amici prism (208) and the 2nd 1/2 wave plate (209), finds optimal polarization state to realize locked mode by rotating wave plate, Mode-locked laser is by polarization splitting prism (208) with space light output.
4. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In erbium-doped fiber (201) the winding cyclization.
5. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In the frequency meter (401) connects 1:The carry out repetition rate locking, 1 all the way of 2 optical splitter (302) output signal:2 light splitting Another road of device (302) output signal is connected to band logical bandpass filter (303), and band logical bandpass filter (303) will be to be locked Frequency signal outside repetition rate is filtered, and reduces noise and interference.
6. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In the frequency setting of the local oscillator (309) and the frequency setting of rubidium clock (308) are consistent with repetition rate to be locked.
7. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In the high-voltage signal controls the chamber of piezoelectric ceramics (202) change erbium-doped fiber laser long as feedback signal, until output Error signal be 0.
8. having the Miniature optical fiber femto-second laser of wide repetition rate tuning range according to claim 1, its feature exists In when repetition rate change has exceeded excursion, data collecting card (402) continuous collecting error signal gives computer, meter Calculation machine (400) judges that repetition rate changes by error signal and whether exceedes control range, if exceeding, controls optical delay line (205), it is progressively moved, often move and error signal is judged after moving a step, until error signal is 0, make optical delay Line (205) stop motion, that is, reach the suppression to the long-term wide fluctuations of repetition rate.
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