CN104601209B - A kind of cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D mimo systems - Google Patents
A kind of cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D mimo systems Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D mimo systems, on the premise of three dimensional channel space resources is utilized to greatest extent, Precoding Design is carried out in vertical direction first, after obtaining equivalent level channel again, the coordinate multipoint treatment technology made an uproar using being let out based on maximization letter than algorithm, the interference of minizone is minimized.Methods described specifically includes the Design of Signal that user receives in step 1) 3D mimo systems；2) three dimensional channel carries out precoding in vertical direction；3) based on maximization SLNR algorithm picks horizontal direction precoding vectors；4) obtain based on the descending multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix under 3D mimo channels；5) three-dimensional Wave beam forming and signal transmitting.The present invention both takes full advantage of space resources, has carried out interference again and has avoided, has drastically increased user performance, effectively reduce the interference of minizone.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to wireless communication technology field, is related to a kind of cooperative multi-point transmission method, more particularly to a kind of to be applicable
In the cooperative multi-point transmission method of 3D-MIMO systems.
Background technology
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access, OFDM) technology
Use in LTE-A (Long Term Evolution-Advanced) system so that the multi-access inference of intra-cell users obtains
Good suppression has been arrived, but has not eliminated the co-channel interference of minizone.Cooperative multipoint transmission (Coordinated Multiple
Points, CoMP) traditional unicast is breached, the several cells separated by geographical position are cooperated, and are combined for user
Transmit data.Cooperative multipoint transmission causes inter-cell interference to become the useful information of user, or drops to interference by cooperation
Minimum, subscriber signal quality is improved, improve the spectrum efficiency of system.With the continuous change of communication system, CoMP technologies
Also constantly carrying out being correspondingly improved processing, meeting the requirement of different system environment.
(how defeated Three dimension multiple-input multiple-output, three-dimensional multi input be by 3D-MIMO
Going out) system and its correlation technique be one of direction that the communications industry is paid close attention to and studied in recent years.The system can utilize
Space is had more than needed, and the free degree in vertical direction is brought for transmission signal, is reduced interference, lifting system capacity, is improved subscriber signal
Quality.But with the continuous diminution of cell range, the interference problem of minizone will be always the bottleneck for limiting systematic function.
CoMP technologies can solve the problems, such as inter-cell interference well, but at present, also without the having for proposing for 3D-MIMO systems
The CoMP technologies of effect, therefore, the cooperative multipoint transmission scheme that research designs for 3D-MIMO system performances have necessary existing
Sincere justice.
At present, it is actually rare for the document in the field.Document " ALeakage-Based Precoding Scheme
For Downlink Multi-UserMIMO Channel " propose one kind in descending multi-user mimo system, based on maximum
Change SLNR (signals leakiness noise ratio) multi-user pre-coding scheme.This paper is that earliest proposition SLNR concepts and multi-user prelist
Code thought article, discard tradition with SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio, signal with
Interference plus noise ratio) limitation as performance indications, in the multi-user case systematic function achieve very big improvement.
Document " Coordinated Beamforming in Downlink CoMP Transmission System "》Will
Conclusion in above-mentioned document has been generalized in descending multi-cell system, using the multipoint cooperative procession technology CBF (associations based on SLNR
Same wave beam forming) carry out the precoding of user.The program significantly reduces the interference of minizone, but does not consider yet in 3D-
How multipoint cooperative procession is carried out in mimo system.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for 3D-MIMO system performances, it is more to design a kind of cooperation suitable for 3D-MIMO systems
Point transmission method.Multipoint cooperative procession technology of the invention based on SLNR, can effectively reduce inter-cell interference.
To achieve these goals, the present invention takes following technical scheme：
A kind of cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D-MIMO systems, it can be realized by following step：
(1) assume that 3D-MIMO systems share L cell, each cell has 3 sectors, and each sector possesses a base station,
Each cell has N number of user；Assuming that base station end aerial array columns is Nt, the array number on each antenna is Nv, receiving terminal day
Line number is Nr, then the dimension that user obtains channel matrix H is Nr×(Nt×Nv)；In i-th of cell sector, user k is received
Signal ykIt is expressed as：
Wherein,Three dimensional channel matrix between the base station in i-th of cell sector and user k,
For the three dimensional channel matrix in other cell sectors between base station and user k, w(l)(l=1,2 ..., 3L) for l-th of base station with
Pre-coding matrix between its service user, xl(l=1,2 ..., 3L) is the signal transmitted by l-th base station, nkFor noise.
(2) user k receives signal ykAfterwards, first to three dimensional channel matrixChannel estimation is carried out, it is big so as to obtain
Small is Nr×(Nt×Nv) channel matrix, it is assumed that the sub-channel matrix between base station end jth root transmitting antenna and reception antenna isSub-channel matrixSize be Nr×Nv, then by three dimensional channel matrixIt is rewritten as：
Fed back in the vertical direction of three dimensional channel matrix using DFT code books, feedback form is：
According to DFT code books, to each sub-channel matrixOptimal codes selection is carried out, chooses certain in DFT code books
One row vjFor optimal codes, after codeword selection is completed to all sub-channel matrix, it is (N to obtain sizet×Nv)×NtPrelist
Code matrix Wv：
For each user k, its three dimensional channel matrix between base stationAfter vertical direction precoding, become
Into the two dimensional channel matrix H after equivalentequal, wherein,By HequalEquivalent level channel is regarded as, etc.
Imitate horizontal channel HequalSize be Nr×Nt。
(3) receiving terminal is by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvIt is corresponding index feedback (i.e. in second step, user terminal pairCarry out optimal codes selection when, the corresponding columns in DFT code books) and it is equivalent after two dimensional channel matrix HequalIt is sent to
Base station end, base station end are fed back according to index, pre-coding matrix are chosen in the DFT code books of offline storage, so as to obtain its service
Each user equivalent level channel, then carry out the cooperative multipoint transmission based on SLNR, based on maximize SLNR algorithms
Choose horizontal direction precoding vector
(4) in base station end by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvWith horizontal direction pre-coding matrixTied
Close, obtain based on the descending multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix under 3D-MIMO channels
(5) base station is according to the descending multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix of acquisitionPrecoding processing is carried out to sending signal,
Form three-dimensional wave beam and the signal after processing is transmitted into receiving terminal, receiving terminal receives return to step (2) after signal, if signal
It is sent, then communication is completed.
Further, described suitable for the cooperative multi-point transmission method of 3D-MIMO systems, three dimensional channel matrixCarrying out the process of precoding in vertical direction can be described as：
Travel through three dimensional channel matrixIn each sub-channel matrixDFT code books are chosen according to following criterion
Code word：
Wherein, vmFor the m row in DFT code books CodeBook, ()HIt is that conjugate transposition operation is carried out to matrix；
Then, by adding 0 operation by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvFormer dimension Nt×NvExpand to (Nt×Nv)
×Nt。
Further, described suitable for the cooperative multi-point transmission method of 3D-MIMO systems, based on maximization SLNR
Algorithm picks horizontal direction multipoint cooperative precoding vectorCriterion it is as follows：
Wherein, N0Represent white noise, PtIt is the transmission power of base station,It is expressed as between respective base station l and user k
It is vertical it is equivalent after channel matrix.
Further, described suitable for the cooperative multi-point transmission method of 3D-MIMO systems, it is assumed that user k to base
The equivalent level channel matrix between l after vertical precoding of standing isThen in horizontal direction user k multipoint cooperative
Precoding vectorCalculation formula be：
Wherein,Its size is
((3L-1)Nr)×Nt, I is unit matrix, maxeigenvector { } represent to take feature corresponding to matrix eigenvalue of maximum to
Amount.
Compared with prior art, the device have the advantages that being mainly reflected in：
The present invention has been carried out pre- in vertical direction first on the premise of three dimensional channel space resources is utilized to greatest extent
Code Design, then after obtaining equivalent level channel, the multipoint cooperative procession technology made an uproar than algorithm, general are let out using based on maximizing letter
The interference of minizone minimizes.Specifically, the present invention in vertical direction will first with the free degree in vertical direction
User separates, and wave beam is respectively aligned to the user of diverse location；Secondly multipoint cooperative procession is carried out, water outlet is calculated for each user
Square to pre-coding matrix, the interference of minizone is reduced.The cooperative multipoint transmission side suitable for 3D-MIMO systems of the present invention
Method, space resources is both taken full advantage of, carried out interference again and avoided, drastically increased subscriber signal performance, effectively reduce
The interference of minizone.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is cell base station collaboration diagram.
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for producing coordinate multipoint pre-coding matrix.
Fig. 3 is the performance comparison figure between the method for the invention and existing method.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and its effect, now the present invention will be done in conjunction with the embodiments into
One step elaborates.
On the premise of actual channel spatial character is taken into full account, cooperative multi-point transmission method of the present invention, first
Carried out the design of limited feedback precoding in vertical direction, then by based on maximize letter let out make an uproar than method acquisition
The precoding vector of horizontal direction, so as to reduce the interference between cell.Especially, the limited feedback precoding in vertical direction
Coordinate multipoint precoding with horizontal direction has been jointly formed the cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D-MIMO systems.
The cooperative multi-point transmission method of the present invention is formed based on vertical direction precoding and horizontal direction coordinate multipoint,
Suitable for 3D-MIMO system scenarios.Wherein, the base station of the present invention is completed using active antenna array system, aerial array
For uniform planar battle array, i.e. antenna is that 2D is put, and the amplitude and phase of antenna element institute transmission signal can be adjusted freely.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, the cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D-MIMO systems comprises the following steps：
Step (1), it is assumed that 3D-MIMO systems share L cell, and each cell has 3 sector (generally, 3D-
Mimo system has all assumed that 3 sectors, if not the situation of 3 sectors, method of the invention is also applicable), each fan
Area possesses a base station, and each cell has N number of user；Assuming that base station end aerial array line number is Nt, the battle array on each antenna
First number is Nv, receiving terminal antenna number is Nr, then the dimension that user obtains channel matrix H is Nr×(Nt×Nv)。
In this step, as a preferred embodiment, it is assumed that 3D-MIMO systems share 3 cells, and each cell has
3 sectors, each cell have 10 users, and base station end uses 4 × 4 aerial arrays, and receiving terminal has two antennas, i.e. Nr=2.
Step (2) is right first after user k receives signalChannel estimation is carried out, is N so as to obtain sizer×
(Nt×Nv) channel matrix, it is assumed that the sub-channel matrix between base station end jth root transmitting antenna and reception antenna isSon letter
Road matrixSize be Nr×Nv, then by three dimensional channel matrixIt is rewritten as：
It should be noted that rewriting described here is simply split to matrix, Nr×(Nt×Nv) matrix write as
NtIndividual Nr×NvMatrix set.
For three dimensional channel matrixVertical direction, it is as follows using the DFT code books that spatial coherence is larger, form：
Wherein, N represents the columns of DFT code books, and the size of DFT code books is (log2N)bits。
According to DFT code books, to each sub-channel matrixOptimal codes selection is carried out, chooses certain in DFT code books
One row vjFor optimal codes, after codeword selection is completed to all sub-channel matrix, it is (N to obtain sizet×Nv)×NtPrelist
Code matrix Wv：
Wherein, pre-coding matrix WvSize in vertical direction is (Nt×Nv)×Nt。
In the present embodiment, vertical pre-coding matrix W is obtainedvDetailed process and three dimensional channel matrixVertical
The process that precoding is carried out on direction is consistent.
Travel through three dimensional channel matrixIn each sub-channel matrixDFT code books are chosen according to following criterion
Code word：
Wherein, vmFor the m row in DFT code books CodeBook, vm HRepresent to vector vmCarry out conjugate transposition operation,Represent sub-channel matrixCarry out conjugate transposition operation.
Then, by adding 0 operation by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvFormer dimension Nt×NvExpand to (Nt×Nv)
×Nt.Now, for each user k, its three dimensional channel between base stationAfter vertical direction precoding, become
Two dimensional channel matrix H after equivalentequal, wherein,By HequalEquivalent level channel is regarded as, it is equivalent
Horizontal channel HequalSize be Nr×Nt。
Step (3), receiving terminal is by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvCorresponding index feedback (i.e. in second step, is used
Family end pairCarry out optimal codes selection when, the corresponding columns in DFT code books) and it is equivalent after two dimensional channel matrix transmit
To base station end, base station end chooses pre-coding matrix according to index feedback in the DFT code books of offline storage, so as to obtain its service
Each user equivalent level channel, then carry out the cooperative multipoint transmission based on SLNR.
Assuming thatBe expressed as between respective base station l and user k it is vertical it is equivalent after channel matrix, then based on maximizing
The horizontal precoding vector of SLNR (letter lets out ratio of making an uproar) algorithm picksRule is as follows：
Wherein, N0It is white noise, PtIt is the transmission power of base station.
Obtain the multipoint cooperative precoding vector in horizontal directionProcess is in more detail：
Assuming thatBe expressed as between respective base station l and user k it is vertical it is equivalent after channel matrix, then in horizontal direction
User k multipoint cooperative precoding vectorCalculation formula be：
Wherein,
Its size is ((3L-
1)Nr)×Nt, I is unit matrix, and maxeigenvector { } represents to take characteristic vector corresponding to matrix eigenvalue of maximum.
Step (4), base station end is according to pre-coding matrix W in the vertical direction fed backvPass through multiple spot with horizontal direction
The calculated horizontal direction pre-coding matrix of collaborative processIt is combined, obtains based on descending under 3D-MIMO channels
Multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix：
Step (5), base station is according to acquisition based on the descending multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix under 3D-MIMO channels
Precoding processing is carried out to sending signal, wave beam is formed and the signal after processing is transmitted into receiving terminal, it is assumed that through ovennodulation
Transmission signal is s, then reception signal is：
After receiving terminal receives signal, return to step (2).If signal is sent completely, communication successfully completes.
Cooperative multi-point transmission method of the present invention for 3D-MIMO systems, with traditional cooperative multipoint transmission side
Method is compared, and due to taking full advantage of channel space characteristic, drastically increases the signal performance of user, and effectively reduce
Interference between cell.Beneficial effect caused by the method for the present invention can be by following emulation and analysis come furtherly
It is bright.
Specific simulation parameter configuration is shown in Table 1.
The simulation parameter allocation list of table 1
Cooperative multipoint transmission technology under 3D-MIMO systems proposed by the invention is carried out in emulation and existing cooperation is more
Point transmission technology (the cooperative multipoint transmission technology under i.e. traditional two dimensional channel) contrast.I.e. in same systematic parameter configuration
(being shown in Table 1), the throughput curve under two kinds of pre-coding schemes is emulated respectively.
Fig. 3 is the curve map that the inventive method carries out performance comparison with the cooperative multipoint transmission technology under two dimensional channel, with
The probability distribution graph form of the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio of user shows.
As seen from Figure 3, under same Parameter Conditions, with the cooperative multipoint transmission technical method phase under two dimensional channel
Than the cooperative multi-point transmission method under 3D-MIMO systems proposed by the invention brings great performance improvement to system.
In summary, the cooperative multi-point transmission method under 3D-MIMO systems proposed by the invention is making full use of channel
While information, the precoding processing of increase vertical dimensions, also by the cooperation between base station, the interference completed between cell is kept away
Exempt from so that systematic function has obtained great lifting.
Further narration has been done to the present invention above in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment,
In one skilled in the relevant art's possessed knowledge, it can also be made on the premise of present inventive concept is not departed from
Various change.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of cooperative multi-point transmission method suitable for 3D-MIMO systems, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) assume that 3D-MIMO systems share L cell, each cell there are 3 sectors, and each sector possesses a base station, each
Cell has N number of user；Assuming that base station end aerial array columns is Nt, the array number on each array antenna is Nv, receiving terminal antenna number
For Nr, then the dimension that user obtains channel matrix H is Nr×(Nt×Nv)；In i-th of cell sector, letter that user k is received
Number ykIt is expressed as：
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In above formula,Three dimensional channel matrix between the base station in i-th of cell sector and user k,For
The three dimensional channel matrix between base station and user k in other cell sectors, w(l)(l=1,2 ..., 3L) for l-th of base station with
Pre-coding matrix between its service user, xl(l=1,2 ..., 3L) is the signal transmitted by l-th base station, nkFor noise；
(2) user k receives signal ykAfterwards, it is right firstChannel estimation is carried out, is N so as to obtain sizer×(Nt×Nv)
Channel matrix, it is assumed that the sub-channel matrix between base station end jth root transmitting antenna and reception antenna isSub-channel matrix
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Fed back in the vertical direction of three dimensional channel matrix using DFT code books, feedback form is：
According to DFT code books, to each sub-channel matrixOptimal codes selection is carried out, chooses a certain row v in DFT code booksj
For optimal codes, after codeword selection is completed to all sub-channel matrix, it is (N to obtain sizet×Nv)×NtPre-coding matrix
Wv：
For each user k, its three dimensional channel matrix between base stationAfter vertical direction precoding, become
Two dimensional channel matrix H after effectequal, wherein,By HequalIt is regarded as equivalent level channel, equivalent level
Channel HequalSize be Nr×Nt；
(3) receiving terminal is by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvThe corresponding two dimensional channel matrix indexed after feeding back and being equivalent
HequalBase station end is sent to, base station end is fed back according to index, and pre-coding matrix is chosen in the DFT code books of offline storage, so as to
The equivalent level channel of each user of its service is obtained, the cooperative multipoint transmission based on SLNR is then carried out, based on maximum
Change SLNR algorithm picks horizontal direction precoding vectors
(4) in base station end by the pre-coding matrix W in vertical directionvWith horizontal direction pre-coding matrixIt is combined, obtains
Descending multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix under based on 3D-MIMO channels
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(5) base station is according to the descending multipoint cooperative pre-coding matrix of acquisitionPrecoding processing is carried out to sending signal, is formed
Signal after processing is simultaneously transmitted into receiving terminal by three-dimensional wave beam, and receiving terminal receives return to step (2) after signal, if signal is sent
Finish, then communication is completed；
In the step (2), three dimensional channel matrixIn vertical direction carry out precoding process be：
Travel through three dimensional channel matrixIn each sub-channel matrixThe code of DFT code books is chosen according to following criterion
Word：
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2. the cooperative multi-point transmission method according to claim 1 suitable for 3D-MIMO systems, it is characterised in that described
In step (3), based on maximization SLNR algorithm picks horizontal direction multipoint cooperative precoding vectorsCriterion it is as follows：
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<mi>q</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<msubsup>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>|</mo>
<msup>
<mo>|</mo>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
</mrow>
</mfrac>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, N0Represent white noise, PtIt is the transmission power of base station,It is expressed as between respective base station l and user k vertical etc.
Channel matrix after effect.
3. the cooperative multi-point transmission method according to claim 2 suitable for 3D-MIMO systems, it is characterised in that described
In step (3), it is assumed thatBe expressed as between respective base station l and user k it is vertical it is equivalent after channel matrix, then horizontal direction
Upper user k multipoint cooperative precoding vectorCalculation formula be：
<mrow>
<msubsup>
<mi>W</mi>
<mi>h</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>C</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>M</mi>
<mi>P</mi>
</mrow>
</msubsup>
<mo>=</mo>
<mi>max</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
<mi>g</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mi>v</mi>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>c</mi>
<mi>t</mi>
<mi>o</mi>
<mi>r</mi>
<mo>{</mo>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msub>
<mi>N</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
<mi>I</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup>
<mover>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo>~</mo>
</mover>
<mi>H</mi>
</msup>
<mover>
<mi>H</mi>
<mo>~</mo>
</mover>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mrow>
<mo>-</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
</msup>
<msup>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>q</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
<mi>H</mi>
</msup>
<msubsup>
<msub>
<mi>H</mi>
<mrow>
<mi>e</mi>
<mi>q</mi>
<mi>u</mi>
<mi>a</mi>
<mi>l</mi>
</mrow>
</msub>
<mi>k</mi>
<mi>i</mi>
</msubsup>
<mo>}</mo>
</mrow>
Wherein,Its size is ((3L-
1)Nr)×Nt, I is unit matrix, and maxeigenvector { } represents to take characteristic vector corresponding to matrix eigenvalue of maximum.
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