CN104579638B - Trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase - Google Patents
Trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase, including：Light source, light source use coherent source；The first phase adjuster of the phase information α of coherent state for adjusting n Discrete Stochastic for being used for coding, wherein n is positive integer；QKD encoders, for carrying out QKD codings.The dissemination system of the embodiment of the present invention uses coherent source by light source, and phase regulator adjusts the phase information α of the n Discrete Stochastic coherent state for coding, to carry out QKD codings, the implementation for inveigling state agreement is simplified, ensures communication security, and simplify QKD system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technique field, more particularly to a kind of trick state quantum key based on Discrete Stochastic phase point
Hair system.
Background technology
In the related art, quantum key distribution ensures the safety of communication, wherein BB84 associations by quantum-mechanical nature
View is foremost quantum key distribution agreement.BB84 agreements use the polarization of light, are carried out using photon as the carrier of quantum state
Communication.The safety of BB84 agreements is based on completely differentiating by measuring between non-orthogonal state.
However, in the relevant technologies BB84 agreements, it is desirable that transmitting terminal uses single-photon source into the transmission of row information.And it is perfect
Single-photon source be not present in practical applications.In practice, light source can be generally considered as being coherent state.Such as
There are multi-photon ingredient, listener-ins to attack BB84 agreements this point for fruit transmitting terminal polarised light, i.e. PNS attacks
(Photon Number SplittingAttack, number of photons beam-splitting attack).Assuming that listener-in knows the polarization that transmitting terminal is sent out
Number of photons in light, and only attacked in the case of transmitting terminal sends out multi-photon, one is taken out from multi-photon ingredient
It measures, then transmitting terminal and receiving terminal will not find any exception, but listener-in has obtained in transmitting terminal and receiving terminal hand
The information of key can not ensure communication security well.It is safe there was only monochromatic light subdivision in this way.If using related skill
BB84 agreements in art can only estimate the error rate of monochromatic light subconstiuent according to the worst situation, that is, think all transmitting terminals
The wrong institute of the key obtained with receiving terminal is all to be happened at monochromatic light subconstiuent, leads to the mistake for having over-evaluated monochromatic light subconstiuent significantly
Accidentally rate, to greatly reduce the farthest transmission of QKD (Quantum Key Distribution, quantum key distribution) system
Distance.
Invention content
The application is made to the understanding of problems with and discovery based on inventor：
In the related technology, the maximum of classics QKD is found in the actual conditions to QKD system establish model and emulate
Safe transmission distance is about in 30km, therefore the maximum safe transmission distance that improve QKD just needs the mistake to monochromatic light subconstiuent
Accidentally rate carries out more accurately estimation.Therefore, it inveigles state quantum key distribution technology to be suggested and solves the problems, such as this, so that most
The full transmission range in Yuanan can reach 140km.However, it is that continuous phase is random to inveigle state quantum key distribution protocol requirement laser
, this cannot achieve in an actual system, because needing the random number of endless in this way.
The present invention is directed to solve at least to a certain extent it is above-mentioned in the related technology the technical issues of one of.
For this purpose, it is an object of the invention to propose a kind of trick based on Discrete Stochastic phase can guarantee communication security
State quantum key distribution system.
In order to achieve the above objectives, one aspect of the present invention embodiment proposes a kind of trick state amount based on Discrete Stochastic phase
Quantum key distribution system, including：Light source, the light source use coherent source；First phase adjuster, the first phase are adjusted
Device is used to adjust the coherent state of the n Discrete Stochastic for coding | α>Phase information, wherein n is positive integer；QKD is encoded
Device, for carrying out QKD codings.
The trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase proposed according to embodiments of the present invention, passes through light
Source adjusts the n Discrete Stochastic coherent state for coding using coherent source with phase regulator | α>Phase information, into
Row QKD codings, ensure communication security, ensure communication security, and simplify QKD system.
In addition, the trick state quantum key distribution system according to the above embodiment of the present invention based on Discrete Stochastic phase is also
There can be following additional technical characteristic：
In one embodiment of the invention, the phase information randomly selects in the n Discrete Stochastic phase.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the QKD encoders include second phase adjuster, described
QKD encoders are used to add a relative phase variation θ to encode input light beam.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the input light beam of the second phase adjuster passes through to
The output beam of one phase regulator is divided to obtain.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, the light source is expressed by following formula, the formula
For：
Wherein, | α>Indicate that coherent source, plural α indicate the characteristic value of the light source：|α2| indicate the light intensity of light source, α's
Argument indicates the phase information of light source；|m>Indicate the state of m photon；
, the additional aspect of the present invention and advantage will be set forth in part in the description, partly will from the following description
Become apparent, or practice through the invention is recognized.
Description of the drawings
The above-mentioned and/or additional aspect and advantage of the present invention will become in the description from combination following accompanying drawings to embodiment
Obviously and it is readily appreciated that, wherein：
Fig. 1 is the trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase according to one embodiment of the invention
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase according to another embodiment of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase according to a specific embodiment of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of system；
Fig. 4 is the trick state quantum key distribution based on Discrete Stochastic phase according to another specific embodiment of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of system；And
Fig. 5 is the principle schematic encoded in being transmitted according to the coherent state quantum key of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein from beginning to end
Same or similar label indicates same or similar element or element with the same or similar functions.Below with reference to attached
The embodiment of figure description is exemplary, it is intended to for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
In addition, term " first ", " second " are used for description purposes only, it is not understood to indicate or imply relative importance
Or implicitly indicate the quantity of indicated technical characteristic.Define " first " as a result, the feature of " second " can be expressed or
Implicitly include one or more this feature.In the description of the present invention, the meaning of " plurality " is two or more,
Unless otherwise specifically defined.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, term " installation ", " connected ", " connection ", " fixation " etc.
Term shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or be integrally connected；It can be machine
Tool connects, and can also be electrical connection；It can be directly connected, can also can be indirectly connected through an intermediary two members
Connection inside part.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned term can be understood in this hair as the case may be
Concrete meaning in bright.
In the present invention unless specifically defined or limited otherwise, fisrt feature the "upper" of second feature or "lower"
It may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, can also not be to be in direct contact but pass through it including the first and second features
Between other characterisation contact.Moreover, fisrt feature second feature " on ", " top " and " above " include first special
Sign is right over second feature and oblique upper, or is merely representative of fisrt feature level height and is higher than second feature.Fisrt feature exists
Second feature " under ", " lower section " and " following " include fisrt feature right over second feature and oblique upper, or be merely representative of
Fisrt feature level height is less than second feature.
The trick state quantum key distribution based on Discrete Stochastic phase proposed according to embodiments of the present invention in description below
It before system, is briefly described first in the related technology, the detail of BB84 agreements, detail is as follows：
There are quantum channels (such as optical fiber) and classical channel between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal.Specifically, transmitting terminal uses
Receiving terminal shares one section of key.Transmitting terminal randomly generates a string 01 number strings, and number is gone here and there with equiprobability random coded in horizontal vertical
The straight positive and negative 45 degree of polarizations (X yls) of polarization (Z yls), and receiving terminal is sent to by single photon.Wherein：
1, encoded under Z bases when transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal is encoded into 0 | 0>, 1 is encoded into | 1>.
2, it is encoded under X bases when transmitting terminal, transmitting terminal is encoded into 0By 1 coding
At
3, receiving terminal measures the information sent out from transmitting terminal with equiprobability using X bases or Z bases.
Transmitting terminal and receiving terminal announce oneself coding and measure the base of selection later, only when they select identical base into
When row coding and measurement, transmitting terminal and receiving terminal have obtained a key.Meanwhile considering there are the situation of listener-in, it is false
If the ability of listener-in is infinite, quantum-mechanical basic assumption is only abided by.When listener-in obtains what transmitting terminal was sent out
One photon, listener-in do not know that this photon encodes under what base, therefore listener-in can only be to transmitting terminal coding
Base guessed, only 50% accuracy.Wherein, if listener-in hits it, and receiving terminal has also just selected and has emitted
Identical base is held to measure, listener-in has just obtained this key.But if he guesses wrong, he measures will
Change the polarization of light.If at this moment receiving terminal has selected base identical with transmitting terminal to measure, it is possible to receiving terminal and hair occur
End is penetrated to measure using identical base but obtain the possibility of different keys.Therefore, if transmitting terminal and receiving terminal are taken out
A part of key, which is compared and carries out error correction, judges whether the key in two human hands is identical.According to transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
The presence of listener-in can be found by obtaining the error rate of key, and then estimate transmitting terminal and key in receiving terminal hand, how many
Stolen hearer knows.If the information that stolen hearer knows is excessive, they will abandon these keys, and otherwise they can just make
The method amplified with privacy, reduces the length of key, to fall the erasing of information that listener-in knows.Stringenter proof can
With referring to being GLLP safety analysis.
However, if using BB84 models in the related technology, monochromatic light subconstiuent can only be estimated according to the worst situation
Error rate, that is, think the key that all transmitting terminals and receiving terminal obtain institute it is wrong be all to be happened at monochromatic light subconstiuent,
Lead to the error rate for having over-evaluated monochromatic light subconstiuent significantly, to greatly reduce the farthest transmission range of QKD system.
The present invention is based on the above problem, and proposes a kind of trick state quantum key based on Discrete Stochastic phase point
Hair system.
The trick state quantum based on Discrete Stochastic phase for describing to propose according to embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings is close
Key dissemination system.Shown in referring to Fig.1, which includes：Light source 10, first phase adjuster 20 and QKD encoders
30。
Wherein, light source 10 uses coherent source.First phase adjuster 20 is used to adjust the n Discrete Stochastic for coding
Coherent state | α>Phase information, wherein n is positive integer.QKD encoders 30 are for carrying out QKD codings.
In one embodiment of the invention, phase information randomly selects in n Discrete Stochastic phase.
The embodiment of the present invention inveigles state amount by inveigling state (Decoy-State) quantum key distribution agreement to be communicated
Quantum key distribution agreement is most common agreement in current practical quantum key distribution.In its Security Proof [Lo, Ma,
And Chen, Phys.Rev.Lett., 94,230504 (2005)], it was demonstrated that the phase of coherent source needs continuous randomization.With
Theoretically and experimentally prove that randomization is necessary afterwards.It has had now been found that completely not random in coherent source phase
Inveigle the attack of state agreement.And in practical applications, it is desirable that the phase of coherent source be completely it is continuous be at random it is unpractical,
Because this needs infinite more ground random number to ensure.Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention is substituted continuous using n Discrete Stochastic phase
Random phase, to realize inveigle state quantum key distribution agreement.Further, the embodiment of the present invention is by the phase of 0 to 2 π
Discrete is divided into n parts, each quantum state chooses phase with certain probability
Specifically, it is the agreement of very usefulization to inveigle state quantum key distribution agreement.In practicality, quantum key
Caused by the mistake of dissemination system is mainly due to the loss in a fiber of detection efficient and photon, and the loss of photon is with light
Fine growth and exponential increase.It is not just done to a certain extent greatly however, working as the error rate of key between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Method generates security key.Therefore, it is exactly most to define and can generate the critical distance of security key between transmitting terminal and receiving terminal
Big safe transmission distance.Further, the error rate of the key obtained according to transmitting terminal and receiving terminal can be estimated wherein safe
The ratio of key, and then safe key is obtained by error correction and secrecy amplification.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, light source 10 is expressed by following formula, and formula is：
Wherein, | α>Indicate that coherent source, plural α indicate the characteristic value of the light source：|α2| indicate the light intensity of light source, α's
Argument indicates the phase information of light source；|m>Indicate the state of m photon；
, specifically, in inveigling state quantum key distribution agreement, the embodiment of the present invention is using Phase Continuation random
Coherent state are as light source.Wherein, coherent state (coherent state) | α>Formula be：
Wherein, | m>Indicate the state of m photon.And the completely continuous random coherent state of phase | α>Expression
Formula is：
It is actually so as to obtain continuous random coherent state | 1><1 |, | 2><2 | ..., | m><m|
Mixed state.And they are to meet one | α2|, that is, light intensity Poisson distribution.Therefore, transmitting terminal is chosen different strong
The light of degree carries out coding and issues receiving terminal.The specific intensity that oneself is chosen is disclosed to receiving terminal to right after completion of the transmission
Each light intensity is answered to obtain corresponding photon percent of pass and error rate.Due to the embodiment of the present invention choose be Phase Continuation with
The coherent state of machine, listener-in can only obtain the information of number of photons, and cannot obtain which kind of intensity photon is specifically in
Under send out.In this way, for each intensity, corresponding 1 photon, the percent of pass and error rate of 2 photon ... m photon ingredients are exactly
It is identical.And the distribution of the different corresponding number of photons of intensity is also different.Therefore, if there is the light of infinite more varying strength
The percent of pass error rate, and then the ratio of more accurate estimation security key of monochromatic light subconstiuent can accurately be estimated
Example.By such method, the embodiment of the present invention can promote the maximum safe transmission distance of QKD system public to about 140
In, greatly increase the maximum safe transmission distance of QKD.
Further, completely specified (only there are one phase) in phase, the maximum safe transmission of QKD system away from
From will greatly decline, then the necessity that phase is random in inveigling state quantum key distribution agreement is demonstrated.But it is practical
The random coherent state of upper complete Phase Continuation cannot achieve because need to prepare so infinite more state and
The random number of infinite length.The embodiment of the present invention substitutes continuous random phase using n Discrete Stochastic phase, is lured to realize
Deceive state quantum key distribution agreement.The quantum key transport protocol of the discrete phase of the embodiment of the present invention is carried out below superfluous in detail
It states.
In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 2, (Phase Modulator, phase regulator is (i.e. by PM1
First phase adjuster 20 in Fig. 1)) be used for adjusting the coherent state for encoding | α>Phase information.Random in complete phase
In quantum key distribution system, it is desirable that coherent state | α>The value of phase information be completely random.In the agreement of discrete phase
In, coherent state | α>Phase information will in phase discrete n random value.Further, the parts QKD Encoding
QKD cataloged procedures after being then used for realizing, i.e., QKD encoders 30 are for carrying out QKD codings.
Further, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to shown in Fig. 3, QKD encoders 30 include second phase tune
Save device 31.QKD encoders 30 are used to add a relative phase variation θ to encode input light beam.
Wherein, in one embodiment of the invention, the input light beam of second phase adjuster 31 passes through to first phase
The output beam of adjuster 20 is divided to obtain.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the invention, with reference to Fig. 4, after PM1 phase regulators, the present invention is real
Example is applied using a spectroscope by being divided into two bundles after phase randomization, and passes through PM2 phase adjusteds on light beam wherein
Device, that is, second phase adjuster 31 plus a relative phase variation θ are encoded.Wherein θ is so random that be chosen from 4 centrifugal pumps,
They are：Correspond respectively to 0 under X bases and 1 and 0 and 1 under Y bases.
In an embodiment of the present invention, referring to Figure 5, the embodiment of the present invention is by phase randomization and QKD cataloged procedures
It is fused together.Specifically, the embodiment of the present invention using a spectroscope by being divided into two bundles after phase randomization, and each
Relative phase is added by PM1 phase regulators and PM2 phase regulators respectively on the light beam of beam and changes θ1And θ2It is compiled
Code.One can consider that wherein θ1And θ2Numerical Implementation phase randomization, we can from the phase of n discrete light with
Machine value, and the difference between them then can be used for realizing the cataloged procedure of QKD system.
The trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase proposed according to embodiments of the present invention, passes through light
Source uses coherent source, and phase regulator adjusts the n Discrete Stochastic coherent state for coding | α>Phase information, from
And QKD codings are carried out, ensure communication security, and simplify QKD system, is carried not only through state quantum key distribution technology is inveigled
The accuracy of percent of pass and the error rate estimation of high monochromatic light subconstiuent, and then more accurately estimate the ratio of security key,
The maximum safe transmission distance for improving QKD, also passes through the random technology of discrete phase, it is only necessary to which (1 arrives the random number of finite length
N) it can obtain to use safely and inveigle state agreement.
Any process described otherwise above or method description are construed as in flow chart or herein, and expression includes
It is one or more for realizing specific logical function or process the step of executable instruction code module, segment or portion
Point, and the range of the preferred embodiment of the present invention includes other realization, wherein can not press shown or discuss suitable
Sequence, include according to involved function by it is basic simultaneously in the way of or in the opposite order, to execute function, this should be of the invention
Embodiment person of ordinary skill in the field understood.
It should be appreciated that each section of the present invention can be realized with hardware, software, firmware or combination thereof.Above-mentioned
In embodiment, software that multiple steps or method can in memory and by suitable instruction execution system be executed with storage
Or firmware is realized.It, and in another embodiment, can be under well known in the art for example, if realized with hardware
Any one of row technology or their combination are realized：With the logic gates for realizing logic function to data-signal
Discrete logic, with suitable combinational logic gate circuit application-specific integrated circuit, programmable gate array (PGA), scene
Programmable gate array (FPGA) etc..
Those skilled in the art are appreciated that realize all or part of step that above-described embodiment method carries
Suddenly it is that relevant hardware can be instructed to complete by program, the program can be stored in a kind of computer-readable storage medium
In matter, which includes the steps that one or a combination set of embodiment of the method when being executed.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention can be integrated in a processing module, it can also
That each unit physically exists alone, can also two or more units be integrated in a module.Above-mentioned integrated mould
The form that hardware had both may be used in block is realized, can also be realized in the form of software function module.The integrated module is such as
Fruit is realized in the form of software function module and when sold or used as an independent product, can also be stored in a computer
In read/write memory medium.
Storage medium mentioned above can be read-only memory, disk or CD etc..
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show
The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example
Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not
Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any
One or more embodiments or example in can be combined in any suitable manner.
Although the embodiments of the present invention has been shown and described above, it is to be understood that above-described embodiment is example
Property, it is not considered as limiting the invention, those skilled in the art are not departing from the principle of the present invention and objective
In the case of can make changes, modifications, alterations, and variations to the above described embodiments within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of trick state quantum key distribution system based on Discrete Stochastic phase, which is characterized in that including：
Light source, the light source use coherent source, wherein the light source is expressed by following formula, and the formula is：
Wherein, | α>Indicate that coherent source, plural α indicate the characteristic value of the light source：|α2| indicate the light intensity of light source, the argument of α
Indicate the phase information of light source；| m ＞ indicate the state of m photon；
First phase adjuster, the first phase adjuster are used to adjust the coherent state of the n Discrete Stochastic for coding | α
The phase information of ＞, wherein n is positive integer, and the phase information randomly selects in the n Discrete Stochastic phase；
Quantum key distribution QKD encoders, for carrying out QKD codings, wherein the QKD encoders include that second phase is adjusted
Device, the QKD encoders are used to add a relative phase variation θ to encode input light beam, wherein the second phase tune
The input light beam of section device is divided to obtain by the output beam to first phase adjuster.
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| CN104954122B (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2019-02-05 | 清华大学 | Mix the distribution of quantum key post-processing approach and processing system of basic vector |
| CN105049198B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2018-06-22 | 清华大学 | Based on the asymmetric communication means for inveigling state quantum key distribution agreement |
| CN105049200B (en) * | 2015-08-14 | 2018-06-19 | 清华大学 | The data post processing method of quantum key distribution system |
| CN108365954B (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-09-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Control code multiplexing method |
| CN108123803B (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2024-02-09 | 清华大学 | Quantum key distribution system and method |
| CN108551362B (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-11 | 交叉信息核心技术研究院(西安)有限公司 | The unrelated coherence of measuring device witnesses device and method |
| EP3598691A1 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2020-01-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Information processing method for quantum key distribution, and computer-readable medium |
| CN109683850A (en) * | 2018-11-01 | 2019-04-26 | 北京大学 | A kind of unrelated quantum random number production method in source based on mixed state light field and device |
| CN111478767B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-01-28 | 科大国盾量子技术股份有限公司 | Sending end, encoding method and quantum key distribution system for decoy state encoding and polarization encoding |
| CN110224825B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2021-11-05 | 南京邮电大学 | Phase matching quantum key distribution method based on forecast single photon light source |
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