CN104578141A - Multi-way MPPT photovoltaic inversion system - Google Patents
Multi-way MPPT photovoltaic inversion system Download PDFInfo
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- H02J3/385—
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
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- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-way MPPT photovoltaic inversion system which is technically characterized in that an inverter main circuit comprises a plurality of independent photovoltaic inversion units; a plurality of photovoltaic modules are connected with the corresponding photovoltaic inversion units via photovoltaic inversion unit direct current contactors and EMI (Electro-Magnetic Interference) filter circuits respectively; the photovoltaic inversion units are connected with a three-phrase power grid via an LCL (Lower Control Limit) filter circuit; the inverter control circuit is formed by connecting a main station control system and a plurality of slave station control systems; each photovoltaic inversion unit acquires respective alternating current inlet wire current, direct current voltage and direct current; and power grid voltage is acquired by the main station control system of the inverter control circuit and transmitted to the slave station control systems for common use at high speed. The system employs a high-speed communication manner between a main station and a slave station to achieve an inversion output carrier function, and reduces common mode voltage between inverters, the stability and reliability of the system are improved, common mode current through a PV (Photovoltaic) array is reduced, and the service life of a battery board is prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to photovoltaic inversion technical field, especially a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system.
Background technology
Photovoltaic generating system is made up of panel array and power conversion (inverter) part usually, usually requires between inverter and electrical network, to place low-frequency transformer for electrical network and PV array electrical isolation.Non-isolated inverter is more and more subject to the attention of producer due to advantages such as efficiency are high, cost is low, volume is little, but PV array and electrical network will be made to have had electrical connection if remove transformer, common mode current can significantly increase, bring potential safety hazard, and also can exert an adverse impact to cell panel.At present, use many MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking, MPPT maximum power point tracking) for improving the focus that inverter energy output is the research of each producer, therefore, eliminating the common mode current flowing through PV array under many MPPT structure and also having become grid-connected study hotspot.Document " Transformerless single-phase multilevel-based photovoltaic inverter " sets up common mode equivalent model for single-phase bridge-type three-level combining inverter, draw the constant conclusion of common-mode voltage, thus reduction common mode current, but this conclusion is in three-phase system and be false.Document " research of NPC three level combining inverter common mode current suppression technology " analyzes three-level photovoltaic inverter common mode characteristic, propose the indemnifying measure strengthening three-level photovoltaic inverter common mode rejection performance, but the method poor practicability, is difficult to use in engineering practice.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of stability strong, easy to maintenance and the multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system of systems generate electricity amount can be improved.
The present invention solves existing technical problem and takes following technical scheme to realize:
A kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system, comprise inverter major loop and inverter control loop, described inverter major loop comprises multiple independently photovoltaic inversion unit, multiple photovoltaic module is connected in corresponding photovoltaic inversion unit respectively by D.C. contactor, EMI filter circuit, and multiple photovoltaic inversion unit is connected on three phase network through LCL filter circuit respectively; Described inverter control loop is by a main website control system and multiplely connect and compose from station control system; each photovoltaic inversion unit collection interchange inlet wire current separately as system protection and dead time compensate use; each photovoltaic inversion unit collection direct voltage separately, direct current are followed the tracks of as MPPT and are used, and line voltage carries out collection by the main website control system in inverter control loop and high-speed transfer uses to each jointly from station control system.
And described photovoltaic inversion unit is two, three, four, six or eight, described photovoltaic module is two, three, four, six or eight, described from station control system be two, three, four, six or eight.
And, between every two photovoltaic inversion unit, be connected with a contactor.
And the ac filter circuit electric capacity mid point of described LCL filter circuit leads back to photovoltaic inversion unit DC capacitor mid point, and the DC capacitor mid point short circuit of each photovoltaic inversion unit, each group of photovoltaic inversion unit DC side midpoint potential is consistent.
And, described main website control system is connected and composed successively by main website high-voltage acquisition plate, high speed communication plate, main website control board, main website motherboard, described main website high-voltage acquisition plate gathers three-phase power grid voltage and contactor electric current and sends to high speed communication plate, described high speed communication plate is connected with from station control system and main website control board, and sends to from station control system and main website control board by three-phase power grid voltage, contactor electric current; Main website motherboard gathers grid side alternating current and sends to main website control board; The PWM carrier signal of main website control board to slave station carries out high-speed synchronous, makes the PWM often organizing slave station generate carrier phase and is consistent.
And described main website control board comprises CPLD and ARM, this CPLD is responsible for start and stop logic, high speed communication process carry out high-speed synchronous to slave station PWM carrier signal, makes the PWM often organizing slave station generate carrier phase and is consistent; This ARM is responsible for man-machine interface, communication and data processing.
And described high speed communication plate adopts 100M optical fiber to be connected with main website control board and from station control system.
And described main website control board also connects a touch-screen.
And, described comprises slave station high-voltage acquisition plate, slave station PWM plate, slave station motherboard, power panel and drive plate composition from station control system, described slave station high-voltage acquisition plate, slave station PWM plate, slave station motherboard are connected successively, and described power panel is connected with slave station motherboard with drive plate; This slave station PWM plate is connected with high speed communication plate and carries out data transmission; This slave station high-voltage acquisition plate is connected with inverter major loop for gathering direct voltage and direct current; This power panel and inverter major loop are used for gathering direct voltage also for slave station motherboard is powered; This drive plate is connected with device for power switching for the action of driving power switching device.
And; described slave station PWM plate comprises DSP and FPGA, and this DSP is responsible for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter related algorithm and calculates, and this FPGA is responsible for gathering alternating voltage, alternating current, direct voltage and direct current; carry out transfer of data for Systematical control and protection with main website, realize controlling pwm pulse given.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
1, major loop and control loop organically combine by native system, and between master station and follow station, adopt high-speed communication means to realize inversion outgoing carrier function, reduce the common-mode voltage between each group of inverter, improve stability and the reliability of system; DC side mid point reduce further the common mode current flowing through PV array by shorting stub clamper simultaneously, is conducive to improving the cell panel life-span, and simple.
2, each power cell in native system and slave station PWM board separate, alternative mutually, maintain easily.
3, native system auto parallel Connection photovoltaic module when photovoltaic panel energy shortage, increases generating dutation and improves generating efficiency, final raising systems generate electricity amount.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is inverter major loop of the present invention and inverter control loop relationship schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of four road MPPT inversion system major loops of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the circuit diagram of three road MPPT inversion system major loops of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the common mode principle isoboles in inverter major loop;
Fig. 5 is the circuit block diagram in inverter control loop;
The circuit block diagram of Tu6Shi main website control system;
Fig. 7 is the circuit block diagram from station control system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the present invention is further described.
A kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system, comprise inverter major loop and inverter control loop two parts, the photovoltaic inversion unit in inverter loop can be multiple, and such as, photovoltaic inversion unit can be two, three, four, six or eight etc.; Inverter control loop comprises a main website control system and multiple from station control system, according to the quantity of photovoltaic inversion unit, can be two, three, four, six or eight etc. from the quantity of station control system; The present embodiment is described from station control system for four photovoltaic inversion unit and four.As shown in Figure 1, the electric current (i of major loop generation
dc, i1
aBC~ i4
aBC) signal, voltage (u
dc, u
aBC) signal is sampled in inverter control loop, through calculation process in inverter control loop, produce the switching signal of pwm pulse Setting signal and contactor K1, K2, then remove control inverter major loop.
As shown in Figure 2, four road MPPT inversion systems comprise four independently photovoltaic inversion unit, four photovoltaic modulies PV1, PV2, PV3, PV4 are connected in four photovoltaic inversion unit respectively by photovoltaic inversion unit D.C. contactor, EMI filter circuit, and four photovoltaic inversion unit are connected on three phase network through LCL filter circuit respectively.Between the 1st photovoltaic inversion unit and the 2nd photovoltaic inversion unit, be connected with the first contactor K1, between the 3rd photovoltaic inversion unit and the 4th photovoltaic inversion unit, be connected with the second contactor K2.Each photovoltaic inversion unit collection interchange inlet wire current i1 separately
aBC~ i4
aBCas system protection and dead time compensate use, gather respective direct voltage u
dc, direct current i
dcfollow the tracks of as MPPT and use, line voltage u
aBCby the control board collection of inverter control loop main website and by high speed communication plate for each slave station PWM plate jointly.
In inverter control loop, as direct voltage u
dcafter meeting entry condition, first closed photovoltaic inversion unit D.C. contactor, and contactor K1, K2 are closure states when every subsystem startup, make photovoltaic module PV1, PV2 and photovoltaic module PV3, PV4 in parallel respectively by contactor K1, K2, then enable 1st photovoltaic inversion unit and the 3rd photovoltaic inversion unit are generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and make photovoltaic module PV1, PV2 merge into one group for the 1st photovoltaic inversion unit work; Photovoltaic module PV3, PV4 merge into one group for the 3rd photovoltaic inversion unit work; This mode of operation is equivalent to add cell panel capacity, grid-connected time advance in morning can be made, make evening from netting time lag, add photovoltaic module service time, system gross generation is increased, and under cloudy cloudy weather, adopt this mode of operation, only has the 1st photovoltaic inversion unit and the 3rd photovoltaic inversion unit work, because the 2nd photovoltaic inversion unit and the 4th photovoltaic inversion unit do not work, therefore eliminate the loss of LCL filter inside the 2nd photovoltaic inversion unit and the 4th photovoltaic inversion unit, improve systems generate electricity efficiency.
When contactor K1 being detected, after the power that K2 flows through is greater than certain value, start the 2nd, 4th photovoltaic inversion unit is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, because contactor K1 and the 2nd photovoltaic inversion unit power output sum equal the 2nd output power of photovoltaic module, contactor K2 and the 4th photovoltaic inversion unit power output sum equal the 4th output power of photovoltaic module, therefore along with the 2nd, power output is increased gradually after 4th photovoltaic inversion unit is grid-connected, K1, the electric current that K2 flows through can decline gradually, until K1, K1 is disconnected after electric current reduces to zero on K2 contactor, K2 contactor, time now owing to disconnecting, electric current is almost nil, therefore phenomenon of arc discharge can not be produced, K1, K2 often organizes photovoltaic inversion unit by respective MPPT independent operating after disconnecting.
As shown in Figure 3, three road MPPT inversion systems are identical with four road MPPT inversion system operation principles.Major loop comprises three independently photovoltaic inversion unit, three photovoltaic modulies PV1, PV2 and PV3 are connected in three photovoltaic inversion unit respectively by photovoltaic inversion unit D.C. contactor, EMI filter circuit, and three photovoltaic inversion unit are connected on three phase network through LCL filter circuit respectively.Between the 1st photovoltaic inversion unit and the 2nd photovoltaic inversion unit, be connected with the first contactor K1, between the 2nd photovoltaic inversion unit and the 3rd photovoltaic inversion unit, be connected with the second contactor K2.In inverter control loop, as direct voltage u
dcafter meeting entry condition, first closed photovoltaic inversion unit D.C. contactor, and contactor K1, K2 are closure states when every subsystem startup, make photovoltaic module PV1, PV2 and PV3 in parallel by contactor K1, K2, then enable 1st photovoltaic inversion unit is generated electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems, and makes photovoltaic module PV1, PV2 and PV3 merge into one group for the 1st photovoltaic inversion unit work; After detecting that the power that contactor K1, K2 flow through is greater than certain value, start the 2nd inversion unit and generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems; After detecting that the power that contactor K1, K2 flow through is greater than larger set point, start the 3rd inversion unit and generate electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems.
Because photovoltaic panel energy during contactor K1, K2 Operating In Persistent Current Mode is relatively not high, the maximum current flowing through contactor K1, K2 is less than rated value, so the contactor capacity selected can be less than rated power herein.
On the basis using LCL filter circuit, ac filter circuit electric capacity mid point is led back DC capacitor mid point, and by the DC capacitor mid point short circuit of each inverter, each group of inverter direct-flow side midpoint potential is consistent.Wherein DC capacitor mid point short circuit can be described by the principle of equal effects shown in Fig. 4:
Shown in Fig. 4, the common-mode voltage produced by 4 groups of photovoltaic inversion unit IGBT module can be equivalent to Ucm1 ~ Ucm4.For Ucm1, the common mode current path that it produces has 2, and 1 is through L1->C1, and 1 is L1->L2->PCC common point-> the earth->Cpv1.First, utilize high speed communication synchronous the triangular carrier of 4 groups of photovoltaic inversion unit, phase lock voltage due to 4 groups of photovoltaic inversion unit is derived from same line voltage, so their output voltage is given also relatively, therefore with through synchronous triangular carrier generation pwm pulse is compared, their switching time also can be relatively close, so produce common-mode voltage also closer to, between such Ucm1 ~ Ucm4, most of common-mode voltage can be cancelled out each other; Compare triangular carrier asynchronous modulation method, considerably reduce the common-mode voltage between each photovoltaic inversion unit.Then, each DC capacitor mid point wire R short circuit, so two groups of inverter DC capacitor mid-point voltages are by wire clamper, make the common-mode voltage between PV array almost nil, thus further reduce the common mode current on PV array.
As Fig. 5, Fig. 6, shown in Fig. 7, inverter control loop comprises a main website control system and four from station control system, main website control system is by main website high-voltage acquisition plate, high speed communication plate, main website control board, main website motherboard connects and composes successively, slave station high-voltage acquisition plate is comprised from station control system, slave station PWM plate, slave station motherboard, power panel and drive plate composition, slave station high-voltage acquisition plate, slave station PWM plate, slave station motherboard is connected successively, power panel is connected with slave station motherboard with drive plate, high speed communication between master station and follow station adopts 100M Fiber connection, to meet the real-time of system communication.Four just the same from the board of station control system, can phase trans-substitution and separate, is conducive to reducing maintenance cost.
Below to main website control system be described respectively from station control system:
As shown in Figure 6, main website high-voltage acquisition plate: be mainly used to the signal such as Sample AC voltage, contactor electric current, wherein X1 port input three-phase voltage on line side u
aBC, X5 terminal input contactor K1 current i
12with contactor K2 current i
34, the voltage and current signal of main website high-voltage acquisition plate collection is sent to high speed communication plate by X3 terminal.
Main website motherboard: the input of X3 terminal is through the grid side alternating current I of Hall current sensor sampling
aBC, and signal transacting is carried out on main website motherboard, send to main website control board by X9 terminal.
High speed communication plate: with the slave station PWM plate from station control system by 100M Fiber connection, realize the high-speed data communications between main website and slave station; 1,2 ports of X3 terminal are used for sending data to slave station PWM plate, adopt serial communication mode, send data and comprise alternating voltage, carrier synchronization signal, start and stop logical signal etc.; 3,4 ports of X3 terminal are used for receiving the data of slave station PWM plate, comprise fault-signal, logic control signal etc.
Main website control board: main control chip is made up of CPLD and ARM, CPLD is responsible for the aspects such as start and stop logic, high speed communication, carries out high-speed synchronous to the PWM carrier signal of slave station simultaneously, makes the PWM often organizing slave station generate carrier phase and is consistent; The man-machine interface of ARM primary responsibility, upper machine communication and correlation computations.The external scram button of port 5 of X5 terminal, in order to emergency cutoff.The port 6 of X5 terminal connects insulation failure detection, with check system insulation situation.
As shown in Figure 7, form from station control system slave station high-voltage acquisition plate, slave station motherboard, power panel, drive plate and slave station PWM plate.
Slave station high-voltage acquisition plate is mainly used to direct current of sampling, and judges earth fault.X5 terminal input direct-current electric current i
dc; The electromotive force of DC side both positive and negative polarity relative to the earth PE compares, to have judged whether earth fault by X2 port; The DC current signal of slave station high-voltage acquisition plate collection and earth-fault signal are sent to PWM plate by X3 terminal.
Slave station motherboard: the input of X3 terminal is through the grid side alternating current I of Hall current sensor sampling
aBC, and signal transacting is carried out on slave station motherboard; X4 terminal input heat-sink temperature signal; X9 terminal is connected with slave station PWM plate, sends current signal and heat-sink temperature signal to slave station PWM plate, and receives the pwm pulse signal of slave station PWM transmission; X5 terminal is connected with the X1 terminal of drive plate, in order to pwm pulse signal is sent to drive plate.
Drive plate: drive plate is used for the action of driving power switching device, the 2SP0115T2Ax selecting CONCEPT company to produce series driver module.
Power panel: power panel is mainly used to gather direct voltage and be responsible for powering to motherboard.
Slave station PWM plate: main control chip is made up of DSP and FPGA; wherein DSP is responsible for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter related algorithm; FPGA is responsible for gathering alternating voltage, alternating current and direct voltage, direct current for Systematical control and protection; carry out transfer of data by high speed fibre communication module and main website, and it is given to control pwm pulse simultaneously.
It is emphasized that; embodiment of the present invention is illustrative; instead of it is determinate; therefore the present invention includes the embodiment be not limited to described in embodiment; every other execution modes drawn by those skilled in the art's technical scheme according to the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of the invention equally.
Claims (10)
1. a multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system, comprise inverter major loop and inverter control loop, it is characterized in that: described inverter major loop comprises multiple independently photovoltaic inversion unit, multiple photovoltaic module is connected in corresponding photovoltaic inversion unit respectively by D.C. contactor, EMI filter circuit, and multiple photovoltaic inversion unit is connected on three phase network through LCL filter circuit respectively; Described inverter control loop is by a main website control system and multiplely connect and compose from station control system; each photovoltaic inversion unit collection interchange inlet wire current separately as system protection and dead time compensate use; each photovoltaic inversion unit collection direct voltage separately, direct current are followed the tracks of as MPPT and are used, and line voltage carries out collection by the main website control system in inverter control loop and high-speed transfer uses to each jointly from station control system.
2. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described photovoltaic inversion unit is two, three, four, six or eight, described photovoltaic module is two, three, four, six or eight, described from station control system be two, three, four, six or eight.
3. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 2, is characterized in that: between every two photovoltaic inversion unit, be connected with a contactor.
4. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the ac filter circuit electric capacity mid point of described LCL filter circuit leads back to photovoltaic inversion unit DC capacitor mid point, and the DC capacitor mid point short circuit of each photovoltaic inversion unit, makes each group of photovoltaic inversion unit DC side midpoint potential be consistent.
5. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: described main website control system is connected and composed successively by main website high-voltage acquisition plate, high speed communication plate, main website control board, main website motherboard, described main website high-voltage acquisition plate gathers three-phase power grid voltage and contactor electric current and sends to high speed communication plate, described high speed communication plate is connected with from station control system and main website control board, and sends to from station control system and main website control board by three-phase power grid voltage, contactor electric current; Main website motherboard gathers grid side alternating current and sends to main website control board; The PWM carrier signal of main website control board to slave station carries out high-speed synchronous, makes the PWM often organizing slave station generate carrier phase and is consistent.
6. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described main website control board comprises CPLD and ARM, this CPLD is responsible for start and stop logic, high speed communication process carry out high-speed synchronous to slave station PWM carrier signal, makes the PWM often organizing slave station generate carrier phase and is consistent; This ARM is responsible for man-machine interface, communication and data processing.
7. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described high speed communication plate adopts 100M optical fiber to be connected with main website control board and from station control system.
8. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described main website control board also connects a touch-screen.
9. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described comprises slave station high-voltage acquisition plate, slave station PWM plate, slave station motherboard, power panel and drive plate composition from station control system, described slave station high-voltage acquisition plate, slave station PWM plate, slave station motherboard are connected successively, and described power panel is connected with slave station motherboard with drive plate; This slave station PWM plate is connected with high speed communication plate and carries out data transmission; This slave station high-voltage acquisition plate is connected with inverter major loop for gathering direct voltage and direct current; This power panel and inverter major loop are used for gathering direct voltage also for slave station motherboard is powered; This drive plate is connected with device for power switching for the action of driving power switching device.
10. a kind of multichannel MPPT photovoltaic inverting system according to claim 9; it is characterized in that: described slave station PWM plate comprises DSP and FPGA; this DSP is responsible for photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter related algorithm and calculates; this FPGA is responsible for gathering alternating voltage, alternating current, direct voltage and direct current; carry out transfer of data for Systematical control and protection with main website, realize controlling pwm pulse given.
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| CN105743434A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-07-06 | 特变电工西安电气科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic module earth common-mode voltage suppression system used for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN107492911A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2017-12-19 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | One kind cascade inversion system |
| CN112379153A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Direct current oscillation detection circuit, direct current arc detection circuit and inverter |
| CN114756082A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 帝森克罗德集团有限公司 | Maximum power tracking device of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system |
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| CN105743434A (en) * | 2016-04-14 | 2016-07-06 | 特变电工西安电气科技有限公司 | Photovoltaic module earth common-mode voltage suppression system used for photovoltaic power generation system |
| CN107492911A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2017-12-19 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | One kind cascade inversion system |
| CN107492911B (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2021-04-13 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Cascade inversion system |
| CN112379153A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-19 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Direct current oscillation detection circuit, direct current arc detection circuit and inverter |
| CN114756082A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-15 | 帝森克罗德集团有限公司 | Maximum power tracking device of photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control system |
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