CN104471609A - Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values - Google Patents
Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104471609A CN104471609A CN201380038118.7A CN201380038118A CN104471609A CN 104471609 A CN104471609 A CN 104471609A CN 201380038118 A CN201380038118 A CN 201380038118A CN 104471609 A CN104471609 A CN 104471609A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- trade
- computerize
- trading center
- trading
- cads
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce
- G06Q30/02—Marketing; Price estimation or determination; Fundraising
Abstract
A computerized trading exchange (''CTE'') for trading hybrid incentive trade instruments (''HITIs'') having underlying value associated with diesel emission controls. The CTE may use a computerized storage device configured to store details selected from at least one of certificates, futures, options, forwards, swaps, and spreads associated with the buying and selling of the HITIs. The CTE may store at least one regulation of trading and may be configured to allow a plurality of participants to buy and sell the HITIs. The CTE may be configured to enable communications from buyers and sellers interested in executing orders relating to the HITIs or to the details concerning the HITIs, as well as from at least one party for the purpose of providing specifications concerning the HITIs to be stored by the CTE.
Description
related application
This application claims the right of priority that the sequence number submitted on May 18th, 2012 is the U.S. Provisional Patent Application of 61/648,893.The application is also 13/782 with the sequence number submitted on March 1st, 1, the U. S. application " system of hedging for market and correlation technique " of 313 is correlated with and requires its right of priority, this sequence number is 13/782, the sequence number submitted in U.S. Application claims on July 26th, 2012 of 313 is 13, the right of priority of the U. S. application of 558,974.Being disclosed in this and being incorporated to the application by reference of whole above-mentioned application.
Technical field
This instruction is always about global pollution control system, and more specifically about the global pollution control system adopting mixed excitation trade instrument (hybrid incentive trade instrument), the marketable value that the feature of described mixed excitation trade instrument is set up for the trade center that can carry on trade on global electronic transaction platform together with other financial instrument.
Background technology
The statement of this section only provides the background information relevant to the disclosure, and may not form prior art.
As to make about to control in the sovereignty of greenhouse gases (" GHG ") discharge capacity and the trial of global regulation (regulation) prove, the selection of Environmental capacity instrument is crucial environmental policy decision-making.But in that case, the debate between decision maker and reviewer is because of GHG (the particularly CO about which kind of degree in public, private and academic department
2) be that the basic dispute of global warming (" GW ") strength causing CC creates objection (being hereinafter called " GHG dispute ").
Especially high technical costs and long reduction of discharging cycle exacerbate GHG dispute.Thus, unless hidden state of affairs generation great change otherwise the risk of the United Nations's Kyoto Protocol possibility utter failure.Part, due to those situations, (holds the CO of discharge one tonne in trade trading volume (volume) slump and " carbon credit "
2or be equivalent to the CO of a tonne
2another contain CO
2gHG weight can the generic term of trading certificate/license) price is from after its peak value in 2008 drop 99%, once outstanding GHG post (that is, CCX) is being closed in the recent period after the operation of nearly ten years.
By contrast, in fact do not exist about by actively eliminating diesel oil PM to realize the great dispute of benefit.Assuming that the financing mechanisms such as mixed through capturing into block Diesel soot (" CADS ") can obtain tractive force on suitable world market; then based on such as with sequence number 61/531; the collection that mode disclosed in the U.S. of 126 is carried out CADS and environmental protection are reclaimed, and seem opportunity ripe for market global pollution control system.Just as what fully set forth, be incorporated to the U. S. application that sequence number is 61/531,126 by reference herein.
In some aspects, such as reduce discharging credit (" ERC ") and upper limit limit trade (" upper limit and trade (Cap-and-Trade) ") system, with the excitation trade instrument of GHG discharge capacity helping suppress OECD country, be used as the pioneer working out the approach adopted in CADS mixing.But, at least there is a key distinction: the GHG discharge capacity reduced in OECD relates to more massive behave compared with following, namely with alleviate give way on adopt can less expensive economical obtain but the diesel fuel not satisfactory on environment to compared with the behave involved by the impact of the super discharger in the country promoting the needs of economic growth.
The former relates to, and especially a large amount of especially expensive and long-term activity, comprise complex technology transfer, fuel reservoir, displacement and replacement scheme and relevant plans, it is intended to the dependence as many reduced with pollution abatement level fossil fuel.In fact, some GHG arguement relates to CO
2whether should be regarded as discussing warmly of pollutant.
The latter relates to the conclusive comparatively short time duty concentrating on DECAT technology, and described DECAT technology is that substantially developed, more cheap and only requires that mobilization power is to accelerate extensive realization in the world.In fact, many leading scientist warnings, the time is essential to removing black soot dirt (black carbon soot) from air; Otherwise may occur flashpoint, the GHG minimizing technology making to be in the design phase may all become futile to all intentions and object.
With regard to working out the global pollution control system of employing CADS mixing, pollution is limited in and based on speed, can set the restriction to the maximum allowable level polluted in controlled area in some cases.As an alternative, pollute restriction can not exceed specify discharge capacity speed (such as, moving vehicle every mile or kilometer grams; The poundage of generator and the every MMBtu of stationary applications or kilogram number).Pollutant can earn credit by adopting qualified Diesel Emissions amount to control aftertreatment (" DECAT ") system, and this DECAT system for reducing to discharge capacity lower than assigned rate with verifying.The no maximum of total release has attracted the decision maker of developing country, and the economic growth expected in this developing country probably occurs along with the corresponding growth of independent polluter's number.
Alternately, CADS hybrid cap and commercial systems can be worked out by the mode of the high limit of tolerance so as to setting total release, and the upper limit equals the total number of the limit (license) distributing to one group of polluter.Distribution group limit between independent polluter subsequently.The number of the limit held by each polluter limits the level set that they have the right to discharge.Limit can be auctioned, and entity competitively buys authority.Alternately, they can be provided on a small quantity as a part for government planned.In any case once all limits are configured to Authority holder, those entities just must directly emissions reduction amount or Authority holder's buying quota of being reduced to lower than required level from other realization.
Although be not incorporated directly into the value of CADS mixing, other government policy instrument is potentially useful as the adjunct of CADS commingled system, such as: discharge fee, fees and charges; Subsidy; Pollution norms and pricing method combine; And divisions of responsibility can.
Carry out the subsidy of autonomy and/or global regulator, and from the loan of the entity consistent with this kind of organisation operations (deal), also can play the part of indispensable role in the success of worked out CADS commingled system.
Comprehensive consideration, adopts the ripe of new system, and it repairs this locality and Global Health, environment and CC problem of being caused by diesel oil PM to the property taken the photograph by before help developing country and developed country.
Summary of the invention
In one aspect, the relevant pollution control system of the disclosure, it comprises the computerize trading center (computerized trading exchange) for carrying on trade to mixed excitation instrument of exchange.Mixing trade instrument has potential (underlying) that control to be associated with Diesel Emissions amount and is worth.This computerize trading center can comprise computerize memory device, and it is configured to store from the certificate be associated with the purchase and sale of mixed excitation trade instrument, futures, option, long term (forward), extends bill (swap) and details selected by least one price differential (spread).Computerize trading center can be included to define at least one trade structure, and is configured to allow multiple participant to buy and sell mixed excitation trade instrument.Computerize trading center can be further configured to enable from least one party concerned (party) with from least one seller and the communication from least one buyer, at least one party concerned described enables about the details of mixing trade excitation protocol is supplied to computerize memory device, at least one seller described makes the purpose (interest) of sale mixed excitation trade instrument can present to computerize trading center, at least one buyer described enables the purpose of purchase mixed excitation trade instrument present to calculatingization trading center.
In yet another aspect, the disclosure is about comprising the pollution control system at the computerize trading center for carrying on trade to mixed excitation trade instrument.This computerize trading center can comprise computerize memory device, its be configured to store from comprise be associated with the purchase of the mixed excitation trade instrument with potential value and sale certificate, futures, option, long term, changing over and price differential group selected in details, described potential value is owing at least one in following item:
From eliminating the health and environmental benefit that obtain from the particle (" PM ") of diesel exhaust and the subsidiary Diesel Emissions amount control system of pollutant; And
By reclaim from collected by described system through capturing into the secondary product that block Diesel soot (" CADS ") generates.Computerize trading center can also comprise the storage for storing at least one trade structure and be configured to allow multiple participant to buy and sell mixed excitation trade instrument.Multiple participant can comprise the benefit community being dispersed in the whole world.Multiple participant can also comprise at least one party concerned for details being supplied to computerize memory device, to at least one seller in mixed excitation trade instrument with sale purpose, and expect to buy at least one buyer to the purpose of mixed excitation trade instrument.Computerize trading center can provide transparent electronic data transaction platform, it is operating as mandate, transmit, receive, mate, confirm, report, clear, settle accounts for the purpose to mixed excitation trade instrument purchase and sell order.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing described herein, only for exemplary purpose, is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure by any way.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is according to schematic diagram that is of the present disclosure, that can be used for the similar high level flow chart of each subsystem forming global pollution control system; And
Fig. 2 shows each assembly of the system for realizing Fig. 1 and the block diagram of their mutual relationship.
Embodiment
The disclosure about adopting the global pollution control system of mixed excitation trade instrument, the marketable value that the feature of described mixed excitation trade instrument is set up for the exchange that can carry on trade on global electronic transaction platform together with other financial instrument.The potential inherent benefit of system has at least two: (i) particle (" PM ") from diesel exhaust and the elimination of other pollutant, and (ii) is by reclaiming from the secondary product generated through capturing into block Diesel soot (" CADS ") collected by subsidiary (attendant) Diesel Emissions amount control aftertreatment (" DECAT ") system.After this financial instrument being used for realizing foreground can be described as " CADS mixing ".This instruction also always about the method setting up CADS mixed market value, comprises especially to the global electronic transaction platform that CADS mixing certificate and relevant index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off carry on trade.
Commingled system be intended to the to promote development positive DECAT of Chinese Home transforms behave so that it repairs the financing mechanisms that benefit can come into force in the whole world.CADS Mixed Design is for carrying on trade on global trade center, to set up the marketable value matched with the inherent Synergy of potential system.This kind of benefit includes but not limited to that (i) valuable CADS reclaims secondary product, and (ii) economic interests by realizing for health, natural environment and climate change (" CC ") reason elimination diesel oil PM (also referred to as black soot dirt) and other pollutant, as hereafter more fully explained.
In a word, this global pollution control system imposes especially CADS mixing, attached government policy instrument, carrys out the strength of the subsidy of autonomy and/or global regulator and the loan from the entity consistent with these organisation operations.Meanwhile, those strength comprise behave financing is transformed concerning the positive DECAT for developing country in case its PM repairing effect can come into force in the whole world indispensable actual mechanism.
There is provided and to find and the ability of marketable value that (hedge) CADS that hedges mixes is concerning the successful foundation of CADS commingled system and continues important embodiment indispensable feasibility, the marketable value of described CADS mixing shows as can trading certificate, and relevant index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off form.Therefore, this instruction is always about trade center, the market price finds and function of hedging to occur in computerize trading in the heart therebetween, and the purchase and sale order submitted to by the commercial advertisement of member and non-member and speculator are especially mated, perform, clear and settled accounts in described computerize trading center.Computerize trading center can comprise the benefit community (" COI ") being dispersed in the whole world, its usually with the present inventor at sequence number for 61/513, the mode that the method for hedging for energy market of instructing in the U. S. application of 792 is identical is runed, as hereafter more fully explained on network cloud network.Just as what fully set forth, be incorporated to the U. S. application that sequence number is 61/513,792 by reference herein.
The key character of the present disclosure being intended to reach those targets is CADS.Before many benefits of this reason of structure (driver), understand the CADS origin in the environment of diesel exhaust and be enlightening meaning from the character of the CADS finally reclaimed collected by DECAT system and via environment protection thermal chemical conversion (" the TCC ") process of such as pyrolysis and/or gasification.
When discharging manifold, former waste gas comprises various element (some is harmful to), and they together form diesel oil PM.Those elements are classified as three major parts traditionally: solid portion, soluble organic fraction (" SOF ") and sulphate particle (" SP ").The material that solid portion mainly comprises element (black) carbon, take the main responsibility for the smog emission of obviously disturbing people (offensive) and non-carbon ashes, described non-carbon ashes are formed by the adjuvant comprised in combustion chambers burn lubricating oil and the metal oxide impurities that causes because of engine scuffing.
Soluble organic fraction comprises the hydrocarbon (" HC ") being generally kernel normal form, and it is adsorbed on black carbon particulate surfaces or exists as thin dripping in addition.The diesel fuel HC of the HC that SOF derives as lubricating oil, higher boiling end and many cyclophanes HC (" PAH ") is present in waste gas, described many cyclophanes HC has the multiple phenyl ring linked with cluster form, described phenyl ring has mutagenicity have carcinogenicity in some cases, causes it to cause serious concern to the responsible government organs of the supervision of toxic air regulation.
Sulphate particle (" SP ") mainly comprises hydrated sulfuric acid.SP usually presents liquid form and is present in waste gas as kernel normal form particulate.Vapour pressure is depended in the formation of SP, and such as sulfur content in fuel, fuel sulfur are to SO
3conversion, air/fuel ratio, temperature and relative humidity factor.
When installation is 61/531 by sequence number, the U. S. application of 126 (" subsidiary DECAT systems ") instruct DECAT system time, the waste gas of fully loaded PM passed through one or more cooling embodiment before the maincenter diesel particulate converter (" DPC ") of the system of entering.Weight in waste gas cooling enhancing PM and usually poisonous volatile organic compounds (" VOC ") is to the condensation of nanosized particles, and described nanosized particles is captured with high-frequency and was eliminated before waste gas leaves gas outlet.
When migrating across the cohesion wire gauze filter of DPC before capturing at flue dust and collecting, because being all tending towards combining, cooling nucleus of condensation pattern is ultra-fine and the absorption of nano particle in comparatively large (black carbon) PM kind is optimised.Therefore, when CADS raw material is effectively produced for the recovery of TCC process, the toxicity of waste gas (VOC) is eliminated.
Lack the reparation of subsidiary DECAT system, other harmful element of VOC and PM is freely escaped in air.Once suck, poisonous ultra-fine and nano particle deeply can permeate lung tissue, forms serious health threat this its.The whole world is annual there is hundreds thousand of exceed the quata death relevant to PM toxicity.Cardiovascular, the respiratory tract of greater number and the case of being admitted to hospital of central nervous system disease are estimated to spend hundreds billion of dollar every year.
Except the serious health hazards be made up of former Diesel Emissions, the negative environmental consequences of black soot dirt receives sizable concern, particularly in the environment that it plays the part of the role of the GW strength causing CC.Black soot dirt is widely regarded as the strong GW co-factor with local and regional influence, particularly in developing country and area of freeze/snowing.This is because, when in an atmosphere floating or drop/rest on ground time, black soot dirt absorb efficiently sunlight, heat up and radiations heat energy.The flue dust accumulated on ice and snow (particularly in the Arctic Circle and the Himalaya Region of key) reduces albedo (that is, the ability of reflected light), and cause local melting, it further reduces reflectivity.This result is the positive feedback loop warmed.
In view of the achievement in research delivered of aerosol science man and climate scientist, global organization recently by black soot dirt as its focus, described achievement in research quotes the most easily method of elimination as the CC that can reverse in a short time caused by GW strength of black soot dirt.This is because the atmospheric lifetime of black soot dirt is only several weeks, and CO
2be then many decades with other GHG.Seem to define a kind of common recognition, namely developing country should bear the quickening short-term behave reducing black carbon smoke discharge amount, not only for healthy reason, also in order to get the vital extra time needed for long-term GHG Mitigation methods, this long-term GHG Mitigation methods is regarded as the primary liability of prosperity (OECD) country more.This is the target of the global pollution control system of this instruction.
But the multifaceted complicacy of the black soot dirt in diesel exhaust causes awkward predicament.Fact proved, this kind of PM typically provide not only strong GW strength (with the black carbon form of element), also provides a large amount of counteractings cooling strength (form with sulfate).
Compellent institution of scientific research confirms, as the most effective cooling medium of offsetting GW strength and result CC known between nearly decades, sulfate plays vital role.Especially, the benefit in area, the Northern Hemisphere is owing to the SO being emitted on the OGV transmitted between Asia and United States port
2/ SO
xcooling effect.Similarly, crucial effect is experienced in the region, Himalaya glacier of the storage reservoir being used as 1/6th Earthian's mouths.
Be 61/531 at sequence number, DECAT+ disclosed in the U. S. application of 126 reclaims solution and is designed to not only eliminate PM and then provide sizable health-benefiting, and especially solve by black soot dirt dual/offset the awkward predicament that CC strength causes, particularly when relating to OGV.This realizes by providing the impact (punch) of uniquely known " double blow (doublewhammy) " that be intended to the reverse accelerating CC, it comprises: (i) condenses and capture black soot dirt in DPC, thus prevent them from discharging into the atmosphere, they will provide strong GW strength therebetween, and (ii) optionally allows SO
2/ SO
xgas transfer, by DPC, enters air, so that they can provide a large amount of cooling strength of the impact of other GW strength offsetting GHG and reside at this.
Many-sided benefit that the DECAT+ recovery solution of the inherent value mixed by the above-mentioned actual generation CADS mentioned is created includes but not limited to following:
By eliminating the health-benefiting that PM (VOC) toxicity obtains, it is by waste gas cooling and DPC cohesion and realize via the environment protection method that TCC process is carried out reclaiming.
Enter air by preventing black soot dirt or drop to the environmental benefit that ground obtains, their chemical composition and toxicity can damage the mankind, animal, plant, water body etc. therebetween, and described environmental benefit is by collecting and adopting CADS to realize as recovery raw material.
The climate change benefit obtained by following item, is namely prevented black soot dirt from providing strong GW strength in an atmosphere or after dropping to snow/on ice, optionally allows SO simultaneously
2/ SO
xpass through DPC and serve as useful role as a large amount of cooling strength in an atmosphere, offsetting the impact of GHG and other GW strength thus.
CADS recovery value, it generates after CADS is decomposed into especially following secondary product by TCC process (pyrolysis and/or gasification):
Charcoal (char), carbon black (CB) or CB raw material, sulphur and sulfuric acid, they can as merchandise sales.
Fullerene, it is the precursor for the synthesis of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube.
Non-carbon ashes, it is used as building aggregate.
Oil and steam, it is cooled and is condensed into liquid fuel, and described liquid fuel can directly burn in boiler and internal combustion engine, and the more high-quality that maybe can be refined for such as motor oil, chemicals and bonding agent uses.
Can burn for heat supply in the boiler or burn for generating electricity or the gas of cogeneration of heat and power in internal combustion engine, and can be cleaned to remove impurity and be converted into the gas of the reusable fuels and chemicals of cleaner rank via F-T synthesis, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, Crouse or other conversion process, described cogeneration of heat and power comprise concerning indispensable adopted TCC process can the heat of recycle and electric power.
Though in the value not having direct reduction to mix to CADS, but supplementing benefit will belong to the country adopting solution teaching herein, and its reflection is owing to the favourable economic impact of the new job opportunity of creation of following item:
The maincenter DPC of assembling subsidiary DECAT system component, particularly system.
Subsidiary DECAT system is installed to based in the application (truck, motorbus, building and winning equipment, generator etc.) on land and offshore applications, particularly there is the OGV being enough to adapt to the scale economics that integrated airborne DECAT+ reclaims.
Collect from the lasting CADS of above-mentioned application, it is transported to recvery facility.
Special (in this case for newly-built) TCC treatment facility or adopt compatible infrastructure to set up contract the CADS recovery that website (contracted site) place becomes valuable secondary product.It should be noted that TCC process is the global new industry with wide long term prospect, particularly when refuse derived for the energy (waste-to-energy) apply.The chemical composition of CADS and dynamics provide synergy for utilizing the TCC coprocessing of other raw material.
Administration, technology and document position assist foundation and the maintenance of above-mentioned all functions, include but not limited to the position being responsible for government organs.
Because the development of pollution control system is in nascent state for the majority state beyond OECD, almost do not have developing country purely can pursue environmental policy based on market or command and control environmental policy.Instead of imagination supports a kind of environmental policy type or another kind of type microcosmic solution based on state, the disclosure is advocated and is adopted the global system of mixed method, even if it may need scale economics for not to be whole country be also and majority state is attractive easily.Overall schematic shown in Fig. 1 shows the schematic diagram of an embodiment of system 10 of the present disclosure, it illustrates the factor and assembly carrying out creating CADS mixing trade instrument 12, and coordinate financing mechanisms 14 can how for receiving net proceeds from CADS blend tool 12, and receipt source is in the benefit of other financial instrument and policy instrument.Coordinate the form of computerized equipment that financing mechanisms 14 can take to run Suitable software, described software simulating is a series of can by one or more individuality or by one or more program of tissue follow-up represent individual, country, group of nations or other alliance.Coordinate financing mechanisms 14 to may be used for generating and pay the fund for various object and/or operation, it will discuss in more detail in the following paragraphs.Global computer trading center 16 can be used for receiving and manages CADS mixed excitation trade instrument, and be sent to pre-treatment CADS mixed excitation trade instrument that keep in communication with global computer trading center 16, that comprise other entity or the individuality coordinating financing mechanisms 14 (that is, settle accounts, trade etc.) net proceeds being sold from it.This kind of mixed method concentrates on many-sided benefit of collecting and reclaiming CADS, and it combines with optionally adopting the dirigibility of this kind of policy based on market and command and control policy, as above-mentioned herein.
About the method setting up CADS mixed market price, this instruction promotion make computerize global trade trade center with according to sequence number for 13, the system of hedging for market comprised in the U. S. application of 558,974 mode roughly the same with the instruction of the present inventor of correlation technique is responsible for following functions:
Appointment can trading certificate, and the purchase mixed with CADS, sale and payment be associated index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off.
List expand to COI certificate, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off, include but not limited to following: the trade analogue (also referred to as trade center client) of the member at computerize global computer trading center (clearance and non-clearance), commission agent, introducing broker, commercial advertisement and speculator's form, clearing house and report services, be above-mentionedly dispersed in the whole world all geographically.
Transparent global computer trading center is provided, it can be authorized, transmit, receive, mate, confirm, report, clear, settle accounts and other side perform list for all certificate, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off purchase and sell order, be there is the ability almost being initiated described order by the network cloud network of safety in the world Anywhere.
Set up all global computer trading centers policy Sum fanction, and the observing situation of supervision to it.
All trades are arranged to be undertaken clearing and settling accounts by qualified clearing house.
Obtain the license be necessary and other approval authorized by the government monitoring agencies be suitable for.
Realize operation that all entirety being of value to transaction business carries out and reporting system and process.
Above-mentioned global computer trading center customer can be included in supervisor in its respective country, area or field and safeguard the sovereignty of pollution control system and global regulator, and has the discharge capacity bank (emissions bank) being authorized the qualification carried on trade by regulator and global computer trading center.
Can be designed as partly for holder provides certain carbon credit to weigh by trading certificate.This carbon credit power can with one ton of CO
2the potential quality binding of the CADS that represents of equivalent, the potential quality of described CADS is the authority that can carry on trade as a part for mutual listing agreement and one or more so-called " green trade center "." green " trade center should can include but not limited to the green exchange (" GreenX ") being positioned at New York and London.
The favourable economic impact adopting the solution of such as subsidiary DECAT and CADS commingled system exceedes the impact be associated with the DECAT solution utilized in OECD.First, the total cost of OECD formula DECAT system and complementary ultra-low-sulphur diesel (" ULSD ") fueling activities is higher than holding ULSD and have the cost of subsidiary DECAT system of diesel fuel of height (500+ppm) sulfur content.Therefore, for developing country, OECD formula DECAT system is for all intentions and all undue costliness of object.Further, any multianalysis of OECD formula DECAT system is all disclosed to the excessively high cost concentrating on platinum coated catalysts needed for diesel particulate filter " regeneration " and filtrator and complicated movable component.Diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration is also referred to as " flue dust burning ".The achievement in research imagination flue dust burning delivered is to CO
2and the discharge capacity of harmful ultra-fine PM increases responsible.Therefore, not talkative OECD formula DECAT system provides " lifting " cost of labor and other cost relevant to employing the labour underused of the property received country (adopting country).Finally, because the DECAT system that OECD derives from does not produce CADS, so they can not generate the economic benefit of any recovery or other subordinate, all benefits relevant with global pollution control system disclosed at present as previously mentioned.
With reference to Fig. 2, according to another specific aspect of the present disclosure, show global pollution control system 100.This system 100 comprises the global computer trading center 112 for carrying on trade to mixed excitation instrument of exchange.Computerize trading center 112 can comprise and is configured to store from the computerize storage system 114 of the details selected in one group of financial instrument.This instrument can include but not limited to, the certificate 116 be associated with the purchase of mixed excitation trade instrument and sale with potential value, futures 118, option 120, at a specified future date 122, extend bill 124 and price differential 126.This potential value can owing to (i) from eliminating the health and environmental benefit that obtain from the particle (" PM ") of diesel exhaust and the subsidiary Diesel Emissions amount control system of other pollutant, and (ii) by recovery from collected by system through capturing into the secondary product that block Diesel soot (" CADS ") generates.Global computer trading center 112 can comprise processor 128a and storer 128b.Storer 128b can form the mechanism comprising at least one trade structure 130, and can be configured to allow multiple participant buy and/or sell any one or more mixed excitation trade instrument 116-126.Multiple participant can represent the benefit community or individuality that are dispersed in the whole world.Multiple participant comprises: (i) computerized equipment 132 be associated with at least one party concerned/entity for giving particulars to computerize storage system 114, because it especially has the specification about CADS mixed excitation trade instrument and relevant futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential.The computerized equipment 132 of at least one party concerned/entity can also measure examination based on the potential emission that may contribute to the value estimated discharge capacity control benefit and reclaim secondary product and gasoloid scientist studies the details provided about any subsidiary formula or algorithm, comprises the CO that can mutually go on the market for carrying on trade at " green exchange " place qualified
2gWP of equal value.
Fig. 2 further depict the computerized equipment 134 mixed excitation trade instrument to at least one seller of sale purpose, and (iii) expects to buy the computerized equipment 136 at least one buyer of the purpose of mixed excitation trade instrument.The computerized equipment 132 of party concerned/entity can use dongle (dongle) 132a being connected to computerized equipment (such as, server, notebook computer, desktop computer, panel computer etc.).Dongle 132a can make according to the specification of trade center 112, and as being connected to the independent server of employing or the serial USB thumb actuator of other computing equipment or bar-shaped supply of equipment to COI.The computing equipment (i.e. desktop computer, notebook computer, server, panel computer etc.) that dongle 132a can use PIN to be associated is restarted and is entered trade center cloud enable operation environment, or becomes the indispensable assembly of the computing machine 113 be associated with the proprietary data exchange termination adopted by trade center 112.Similarly, the computerized equipment 134 of the buyer of CADS mixed excitation trade instrument can utilize dongle 134a; The computing machine 113 be associated with proprietary data exchange termination can utilize dongle 113a; And the computerized equipment 136 be associated with the buyer of CADS mixed excitation trade instrument can utilize dongle 136a.Dongle 113a, 134a can be structurally identical with dongle 132a discussed above with 136a.Alternatively, or in addition, what occurred at empirical tests server hardware place by the cloud network of trade center may be used for promoting above-mentioned conversion hysteria data protection through the download of authorized transactions center software.
Global computer trading center 112 provides transparent electronic data transaction platform, its be operating as in mixed excitation trade instrument authorize, transmit, receive, coupling, confirm, report, clearance, clearing and other side perform for purpose purchase and sell order (i.e. the seller 134 or the buyer 136).Respectively can provide details that is required for the particular transaction of attempting to carry out or that expect, and each seller and each buyer all can have data storage hardware equipment.Data storage device can comprise the software being operating as and promoting conversion hysteria data protection via encryption.Multiple participant also can operate on network cloud network.
Although particular example describes and shown in the drawings in the description, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that and can make various change and available equivalents replaces element wherein, and do not depart from the scope of this instruction as defined in the claims.In addition, many amendments can be made adapt to this instruction to make particular condition or material and do not depart from its essential scope.Therefore, can be intended to this instruction is not limited to shown by accompanying drawing and described in the description particular example as implementing the best mode of this instruction or conceiving at present.
The description of previous embodiment has been provided for exemplary and descriptive object.It is not intended to the exhaustive or restriction disclosure.The independent element of specific embodiment or feature are not limited to this specific embodiment usually, but it is under usable condition, are also removable even without specifically illustrating or describing and may be used in selected embodiment.This element or feature can also change in many ways.This kind of change should not be regarded as disengaging of the present disclosure, and all this kind of amendment intentions are included in the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (19)
1. a pollution control system, comprising:
Computerize trading center, it is for carrying on trade to having the mixed excitation trade instrument controlling the potential value be associated with Diesel Emissions amount, and described computerize trading center comprises:
Computerize memory device, it is configured to store from the details selected by least one certificate be associated with the purchase and sale of described mixed excitation trade instrument, futures, option, long term, changing over and price differential;
Described computerize trading center is further configured to:
Store trade structure;
Multiple participant is allowed to buy and sell described mixed excitation trade instrument; And
The enable communication from following item:
At least one party concerned, it enables about the specification of mixing trade stimulation tool and the details of compiling are supplied to described computerize memory device,
At least one seller, it enables the purpose of sale mixed excitation trade instrument present to described computerize trading center; And
At least one buyer, it enables to present to described computerize trading center to the purchase intention of mixed excitation trade instrument.
2. system according to claim 1, at least one in wherein said certificate, futures, option, long term, changing over and price differential comprises the potential value owing to following item:
From eliminating the health and environmental benefit that obtain from the subsidiary Diesel Emissions amount control system of the particle (" PM ") of diesel exhaust; And
By reclaim from collected by described system through capturing into the secondary product that block Diesel soot (" CADS ") generates.
3. system according to claim 1, wherein said computerize trading center configuration is for implementing at least two operations, and described operation comprises mandates, transmit, receive, mate, confirm, report, clear, settle accounts the purchase to the described purpose in described mixed excitation trade instrument for the both sides from the described computerize trading center of use and sale order.
4. a pollution control system, comprising:
Computerize trading center, it is for carrying on trade to mixed excitation trade instrument, and described computerize trading center comprises:
Computerize memory device, its be configured to store from comprise be associated with the purchase of the mixed excitation trade instrument with potential value and sale certificate, futures, option, long term, changing over and price differential group selected in details, described potential value is owing at least one in following item:
From eliminating the health and environmental benefit that obtain from the particle (" PM ") of diesel exhaust and the subsidiary Diesel Emissions amount control system of pollutant; And
By reclaim from collected by described system through capturing into the secondary product that block Diesel soot (" CADS ") generates; And
Described computerize memory device is further configured to and stores at least one trade structure, and be configured to allow multiple participant buy and sell described mixed excitation trade instrument, described multiple participant comprises the benefit community being dispersed in the whole world, and described multiple participant comprises:
At least one party concerned, it is for providing the relevant specification of mixed excitation trade instrument and the details of compiling that are provided to described computerize memory device;
At least one seller, it expects to sell the purpose to mixed excitation trade instrument; And
At least one buyer, it expects to buy the purpose to mixed excitation trade instrument;
Wherein said computerize trading center provides transparent electronic data transaction platform, described platform operations be authorize, transmit, receive, mate, confirm, report, clear, settle accounts for the described purpose to described mixed excitation trade instrument purchase and sell order.
5. the computerize trading center for mixed excitation trade instrument according to claim 4; wherein for providing at least one party concerned described in described details, at least one seller described and at least one buyer described all to have data storage hardware equipment, described data storage hardware equipment comprises the software being operating as and promoting conversion hysteria data protection via encryption.
6. computerize trading center according to claim 5, wherein said multiple participant is at the enterprising line operate of network cloud network.
7. the method for using trade center to realize global pollution control system, described system adopts the mixed excitation trade instrument (" CADS mixing ") being characterized as the marketable value that trade center is set up, described marketable value owing to the particle (PM) of the waste gas from diesel engine and the elimination of other pollutant and (ii) by reclaiming the secondary product generated from the CADS collected by subsidiary DECAT system, described global pollution control system and geographically long-range benefit community (COI) are kept in communication, and described method comprises:
Receive and at least one in appointment certificate that purchase that CADS mixes, sale, payment and clearing are associated, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and spin-off;
List expand to COI described certificate, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off, wherein said COI comprises at least one in following item:
The member of trade center;
Commission agent;
Introducing broker;
The trade analogue of commercial advertisement and speculator's form;
Clearing house; And
Report services,
Computerize trading center is provided, described computerize trading center configuration is implement at least one in following item: authorize, transmit, receive, coupling, confirm, report, clearance, clearing and perform for the certificate listed by least one, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and spin-off purchase and sell order, described computerize trading center has the ability being initiated described order by secure network from geographically long-range position;
Use described computerize trading center with:
Inventory policy Sum fanction is the observing situation of supervision to it also;
Trade is arranged to be undertaken clearing and settling accounts by least one clearing house;
Obtain license and the approval of the necessity of being authorized by the government monitoring agencies be suitable for; And
Realization operation and reporting system are to promote the enterprising industry business at described computerize trading center.
8. method according to claim 7, wherein said certificate, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential and other spin-off are associated with the marketable value of the inherent Synergy of CADS directly or indirectly, and described inherent Synergy comprises following:
By eliminating the health-benefiting that PM (VOC) toxicity obtains, it is by waste gas cooling and DPC cohesion and realize via the environment protection method that TCC process is carried out reclaiming;
Enter air by preventing black soot dirt or drop to the environmental benefit that ground obtains, its chemical composition and toxicity damage at least one in the mankind, animal, plant and water body therebetween, and described environmental benefit is by collecting and adopting CADS to realize as recovery raw material;
The climate change benefit obtained by following item, is namely prevented black soot dirt from providing strong GW strength in an atmosphere or after dropping to snow/on ice, optionally allows SO simultaneously
2/ SO
xpass through DPC and serve as useful role, to offset the impact of resident GHG wherein and other GW strength as a large amount of cooling strength in an atmosphere;
CADS recovery value, it realizes after CADS is decomposed into especially following secondary product by TCC process (pyrolysis and/or gasification):
Charcoal, carbon black (CB) or CB raw material, sulphur and sulfuric acid, they can as merchandise sales;
Fullerene, it is the precursor for the synthesis of Single Walled Carbon Nanotube;
Non-carbon ashes, it is used as building aggregate;
Oil and steam, it is cooled and is condensed into liquid fuel, and described liquid fuel can directly burn in boiler and internal combustion engine, and the more high-quality that maybe can be refined for such as motor oil, chemicals and bonding agent uses; And
Can burn for heat supply in the boiler or burn for generating electricity or the gas of cogeneration of heat and power in internal combustion engine, and can be cleaned to remove impurity and be converted into the gas of the reusable fuels and chemicals of cleaner rank via F-T synthesis, hydrotreating, hydrocracking, Crouse or other conversion process, described cogeneration of heat and power comprise concerning indispensable adopted TCC process can the heat of recycle and electric power.
9. method according to claim 7, wherein said computerize trading center configuration is and following item communication:
The front end of being filled by COI, it has at least one front-end server of the flexible part serving as network cloud network;
The proprietary data storage hardware equipment of dongle form, it is mounted with via the software required for the data protection of encryption promotion conversion hysteria, described encryption is when the data mobile from multiple is by carrying out position fractionation to data during described network cloud network or sharing and add checking and fault tolerance information, thus be not intended to be enable COI share identical network infrastructure by while the data that use at the unauthorized COI of restriction or general groups access, there is provided thus and can access which particular data in any preset time, data are stored in where and who manages various storage demand and server network-based control, and
Storage networking, it for many-sided and prolongable enough to adapt to one or more facility realizing described computerize trading center that aims at, and is positioned at that independently contracted by described computerize trading center, qualified teleengineering support cloud data resource center.
10. method according to claim 9, wherein said front-end server is according at least one configuration in following item:
The personal computer that the independence of COI user adopts, panel computer, smart mobile phone and exchanges data terminal, it is tied to other commercial systems of the requirement being limited by the software application compatibility provided with described computerize trading center, and interconnects with at least one in following item:
Dongle, it is configured to and described computerize trading center communication; Or
Proprietary data exchange termination, it is made predetermined dimension and comprises necessary software application and necessary dongle; Or
Downloadable component software, it is configured to run on the computing device and the communication at enable and described computerize trading center.
11. methods according to claim 9, wherein said front-end server is for implementing following functions:
Receive the notice through licensing status and all software application and renewal about user from described computerize trading center;
Confirm, with the relation of titular intermediary, to comprise and assure with commission and expense (" C & F ") guaranty money the terms and conditions be associated;
Send trade order to described computerize trading center with the form of bid and offer, it is expressed as following:
The type of contract or agreement, comprises certificate, index, futures, option, long term, changing over or price differential, and relevant date of expiry and date of acceptance;
Financial settlement or type of paying in kind;
Place of delivery; And
The buying in or selling price and trading volume of number as agreed, wherein all valuates with the mass weight of potential commodity for every; And
Receive from described computerize trading center about at least one through to confirm and through performing trade, relevant with uncovered position trade, C & F through settling accounts trade and titular intermediary to deal with or the notice of bill and account receivable.
12. methods according to claim 9, wherein said dongle is made according to the specification set by described computerize trading center, and its be supplied to COI or as can be connected in the serial USB thumb actuator of the independent server adopted or bar-shaped equipment at least one; And wherein said dongle uses PIN described Server Restart to be entered computerize trading center cloud enable operation environment, or the indispensable assembly of proprietary data exchange termination as described computerize trading center.
13. methods according to claim 9, wherein said master server is for implementing following functions:
To all virtual front-end server notify they through authorizing COI state, and the certificate especially carried on trade about computerize trading center, index, futures, option, long term, changing over, price differential, all computerize trading centers of position in storehouse restriction and margin requirement and clearing house's policy, rule and renewal;
The all software application provided by described computerize trading center and renewal are distributed to authorized COI virtual server;
Receive client's buying price/selling price of all empirical tests, its be advertised and with the matching through noticing selling price/buying price of other clients, cause all confirmations through performing trade, its data are sent to affected trade side and titular intermediary subsequently, and contract clearing house to described computerize trading center, and report services company;
The described clearing house contracted via described computerize trading center promotes notice based on margin level required by subsidiary uncovered position trade position in storehouse and maintenance;
The described report services contracted via described computerize trading center promotes the report of the trade activity carried out at described computerize trading center place, comprise the publicly posted price and trading volume that are associated with open bid and offer, through perform with uncovered position trade, uncovered position rights and interests, through clearing trade and historical data;
Based on from the confirmation that receives of COI be suitable for and potential in performing commercial data, calculate C & F and charge with each uncovered position and other through settling accounts that trade is associated, and knowing that they relevant with it deal with or receivable amount separately to all influenced square tubes; And
Be provided for the platform of account and payment management, deal with described in directly mentioning with above or warning that receivable amount is relevant and right.
14. methods according to claim 7, wherein trade guarantee gold, mark-to-market, clearance and settlement function are implemented by qualified clearing house, at least one in the subsidiary corporation that described qualified clearing house uses described computerize trading center or the clearing house that independently contracts, the described subsidiary corporation at described computerize trading center or the described clearing house independently contracted are the COI in network cloud network.
15. methods according to claim 7, the CADS mixing certificate of wherein specifying, list and carrying on trade provides carbon credit to weigh for holder, described carbon credit power with to be equivalent to one ton of CO
2cO
2the potential quality binding of the CADS represented, the potential quality of described CADS is the authority that can carry on trade as a part for mutual listing agreement and one or more what is called " green trade center ", and described " green trade center " comprises green exchange (" GreenX ").
16. methods according to claim 15, the potential quality of wherein said CADS delimited as can the GW strength black soot dirt of minimizing of insolation level and adjoint SO
2/ SO
xdischarge capacity, described SO
2/ SO
xdischarge capacity is used as a large amount of cooling strength offsetting resident GHG in an atmosphere and other GW strength, and the wherein said independent discharge ratified horizontally through the regulator by necessity measures examination and separate science achievement in research is checked.
17. methods according to claim 16, the follow-up PM discharge capacity of the baseline PM discharge capacity of tested diesel exhaust with the identical diesel engine subject being equipped with subsidiary DECAT system compares by the test facilities of wherein said independent discharge amount, the PM wherein through eliminating for Mobile solution with gram every mile or kilogram represent and represent with pound or kilogram every MMBtu for generator and other stationary applications.
18. methods according to claim 7, wherein said global pollution control system use coordination financing mechanisms coordinates one or more the using and applying in CADS mixing and following item:
Attached government policy instrument;
Carry out the subsidy of autonomy mechanism;
From the subsidy of global regulator; Or
From any one operates the loan of consistent entity with described sovereignty or global regulator.
19. methods according to claim 7, wherein:
CADS mixing reduces discharging the sovereignty of credit and/or upper limit limit trade (" upper limit and trade ") system with employing and global supervision environmental policy is associated;
At least one client at wherein said computerize trading center is that supervisor safeguards the sovereignty of pollution control system or global regulator in its respective country, area or field;
At least one client at wherein said computerize trading center is the discharge capacity bank being authorized the qualification carried on trade by described regulator and described computerize trading center.
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201261648893P | 2012-05-18 | 2012-05-18 | |
| US61/648,893 | 2012-05-18 | ||
| US13/558,974 US20130036039A1 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2012-07-26 | System for market hedging and related method |
| US13/558,974 | 2012-07-26 | ||
| US13/782,313 | 2013-03-01 | ||
| US13/782,313 US9002741B2 (en) | 2011-08-01 | 2013-03-01 | System for market hedging and related method |
| PCT/US2013/041120 WO2013173445A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-15 | Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104471609A true CN104471609A (en) | 2015-03-25 |
Family
ID=49584239
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380038118.7A Pending CN104471609A (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2013-05-15 | Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104471609A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013173445A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108880788A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 西门子股份公司 | Authentication method and control system in the control system for technical equipment |
| US11461845B2 (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-10-04 | Climate Karma Solutions Inc. | System and method for settling monetary and quota-allocated dual currency transactions |
| US11734698B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2023-08-22 | Climate Karma Solutions Inc. | System and method for tiered pricing for scarce commodities |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060184445A1 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2006-08-17 | Richard Sandor | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
| CN1918593A (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2007-02-21 | 芝加哥气候交易公司 | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
| US20100332275A1 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2010-12-30 | Michael Walsh | System, method, and media for trading of energy efficiency |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006505027A (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2006-02-09 | シカゴ クライメイト エクスチェンジ，インコーポレイティド | Emission reduction trading system and method |
| CN101868806A (en) * | 2008-09-11 | 2010-10-20 | 卡勒拉公司 | CO2 commodity trading system and method |
| US8103556B2 (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2012-01-24 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Apparatus and method for selling greenhouse gas emission reduction credits |
-
2013
- 2013-05-15 CN CN201380038118.7A patent/CN104471609A/en active Pending
- 2013-05-15 WO PCT/US2013/041120 patent/WO2013173445A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060184445A1 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2006-08-17 | Richard Sandor | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
| US20100332275A1 (en) * | 2002-07-20 | 2010-12-30 | Michael Walsh | System, method, and media for trading of energy efficiency |
| CN1918593A (en) * | 2004-01-15 | 2007-02-21 | 芝加哥气候交易公司 | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108880788A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2018-11-23 | 西门子股份公司 | Authentication method and control system in the control system for technical equipment |
| US11163870B2 (en) | 2017-05-08 | 2021-11-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Plant-specific, automated certificate management |
| US11461845B2 (en) * | 2019-12-03 | 2022-10-04 | Climate Karma Solutions Inc. | System and method for settling monetary and quota-allocated dual currency transactions |
| US11734698B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 | 2023-08-22 | Climate Karma Solutions Inc. | System and method for tiered pricing for scarce commodities |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2013173445A1 (en) | 2013-11-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2010061685A (en) | Emission reduction trading system and method | |
| AU2005206910B2 (en) | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions | |
| US20060184445A1 (en) | Systems and methods for trading emission reductions | |
| US20070192221A1 (en) | Present valuation of emission credit and allowance futures | |
| US20150134503A1 (en) | Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values | |
| CN104471609A (en) | Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values | |
| US9741042B2 (en) | Global pollution control system employing hybrid incentive trade instruments and related method of establishing market values | |
| Pareliussen et al. | Policies to reach net zero emissions in the United Kingdom | |
| Ljung | Energy sector reform: strategies for growth, equity and sustainability | |
| Smith | The implications of the Kyoto Protocol and the global warming debate for business transactions | |
| Quinn et al. | Forging environmental markets | |
| Van Horen | Financing and economic implications of household energy policies | |
| Hodas | State Initiatives | |
| Haase et al. | Western region renewable energy markets: Implications for the Bureau of Land Management | |
| CN101421756A (en) | Present valuation of emission credit and allowance futures | |
| McNamara | Energy Storage Policy Summaries for the Global Energy Storage Database. | |
| Mazzanti et al. | Economic Instruments and Induced Innovation: The Case of End-of-Life Vehicles European Policies | |
| Adriaens | Leading Innovations: CleanTech | |
| Parikh et al. | BOT Road Infrastructure Projects: Process, Problems, and Suggestions | |
| Dudek | Integrating energy and the environment in the marketplace | |
| Samaniego et al. | Energy, industrial development, air and atmospheric pollution and climate change in Latin America and the Caribbean: new policies, lessons, best practices and opportunities for horizontal cooperation | |
| Haites | Review of Alternative Emissions Trading Options | |
| Martin | NewsWire | |
| Meritet et al. | E-Commerce: A New Step Towards the Convergence of Electric Power and Natural Gas Industries | |
| De Vita et al. | Climate for Collaboration: Analysis of US and EU Lessons and Opportunities in Energy and Climate Policy |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Application publication date: 20150325 |
|
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |