CN104457991A - Method for detecting gas Rybderg state exquisite spectral line through Terahertz waves - Google Patents
Method for detecting gas Rybderg state exquisite spectral line through Terahertz waves Download PDFInfo
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- CN104457991A CN104457991A CN201410750016.4A CN201410750016A CN104457991A CN 104457991 A CN104457991 A CN 104457991A CN 201410750016 A CN201410750016 A CN 201410750016A CN 104457991 A CN104457991 A CN 104457991A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for detecting a gas Rybderg state exquisite spectral line through Terahertz waves. Ultra-short pulse lasers output from a laser source pass through a monochrome beam splitting piece, part of the lasers enter a Terahertz wave transmitting system, the Terahertz waves are eradiated and converged into an airtight cavity and are focused in the airtight cavity, the other part of the ultra-short pulse lasers sequentially pass through an adjustable light path and enter the airtight cavity and are focused at a Terahertz wave focus plane. A vacuum pump is used for conducting pumping on the airtight cavity until the airtight cavity is in a vacuum state, then detection gas is injected into the airtight cavity through a gas pipe, the detection gas is ionized into piece-shaped plasmas through the focused ultra-short pulse laser, and the piece-shaped surfaces are perpendicular to the incidence direction of the Terahertz waves; The Terahertz waves and the piece-shaped plasmas interact in the airtight cavity, absorption peaks generated under interaction are detected through a Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, and the energy level state of electrons in gas Rybderg state atoms/molecules in the detection gas is derived from the absorption peaks in a Terahertz wave spectrum. According to the method for detecting the gas Rybderg state exquisite spectral line through the Terahertz waves, the resolution is high, the device is simple, operation is easy, and the application range is wide.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to energy state detection method residing for a kind of electronics, particularly a kind of method being detected the meticulous spectral line of Rybderg state of Qi Tiyuanzi molecule by THz wave.
Background technology
Rybderg state refer to ground state atom after molecule absorption external energy electronics be excited to a kind of excited state of high level, its valence electron is far from atomic kernel, coulomb interaction is less, have that radius is large compared to common atom, the life-span be long, combine can be little feature, be thus in Rybderg state atom molecule be easy to be subject to the impacts such as the collision of additional electromagnetic field or other atom and molecules and change performance.The research of highly excited level is the new problem of atomic physics, Rybderg state atom molecule for the fundamental research of atomic physics and application and development significant.
THz wave refers to electromagnetic wave (1 THz=10 of frequency in 0.1-10 THz scope (wavelength is in 0.03 to 3 mm scopes)
12hz), in electromagnetic wave spectrum between microwave and infrared radiation.The special electromagnetic wave spectrum position of THz wave makes it have the advantage of many uniquenesses, such as photon energy is low, in milli electron-volt magnitude, harmful photoionization can not be produced to biological tissue, a lot of material has very strong absorption and dispersion at this wave band, may be used for differentiating different material etc.
Due to Rybderg state atom energy bite between adjacent two energy levels of molecule reduce rapidly with the increase of total quantum number, this make to detect Rybderg state atom molecule need high-resolution spectral technique.The energy of THz wave just in time drops in the scope of these energy level differences, just can be absorbed, thus can be used in probe gas atom the meticulous spectral line of Rybderg state of molecule.
Summary of the invention
Energy state residing for the electronics that the present invention be directed to Rybderg state Yuan Zi molecule is difficult to the problem detected, propose a kind of method being detected the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state by THz wave, the energy state residing for electronics in various highly purified gas can be detected.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method being detected the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state by THz wave, comprises LASER Light Source, monochromatic beam splitting chip, THz wave emission coefficient, input Terahertz window, pressure supervising device, closed chamber, vacuum pump, export Terahertz window, Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, the first catoptron, second catoptron, time delay module, the 3rd catoptron, first post lens, the second post lens, the 4th catoptron, laser is anti-reflection window, flue, light dustbin; From LASER Light Source export ultra-short pulse laser through monochromatic beam splitting chip, a part enters THz wave emission coefficient, the THz wave given off enters closed chamber by the input Terahertz window in closed chamber after focusing on, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber, another part ultra-short pulse laser is successively after first, second catoptron, pass through time delay module, the first post lens and the second post lens are passed through again after the 3rd catoptron, reflect finally by the 4th catoptron and enter closed chamber by the anti-reflection window of the laser in closed chamber, focusing at THz wave focal plane place; By vacuum pump by after closed chamber vacuum state, then inject high-purity detection gas by flue, detect the ultra-short pulse laser ionization formation sheet plasma that gas is focused, this schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction; THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber, the ultra-short pulse laser that light dustbin is dispersed after collecting and focusing on, pressure supervising device controls the gas pressure intensity of closed chamber inside, after THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue to enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system by the output Terahertz window that input Terahertz window is just right forward; Regulate time delay module, when THz wave time domain overlap or slightly lag behind sheet plasma the generation moment time, THz wave meeting and sheet plasma produce and interact, the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained, compared to also there will be absorption peak without wave spectrum when interacting, infers from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum the energy state detected in gas Rybderg state Yuan Zi molecule residing for electronics.
Increase by the second beam splitting chip in the middle of described monochromatic beam splitting chip and THz wave emission coefficient, the transmitted light of monochromatic beam splitting chip enters THz wave emission coefficient through the second beam splitting chip; The reflects laser of the second beam splitting chip beam splitting chip is as the detection light of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, successively through the first catoptron group, the second time delay module and the second catoptron group, finally by the reflection of high resistant silicon chip and export the THz wave through high resistant silicon chip that Terahertz window exports overlap together with enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system.
Described THz wave emission coefficient, Selection utilization nonlinear effect produces THz wave; Or Selection utilization optical rectification principle produces THz wave; Or select photoconductive antenna to produce THz wave.
Described Terahertz wave spectrum detection system selects electro optic sampling probe method, or photoconductive antenna probe method, or THz air-breakdown-coherent-detection probe method.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention detects the method for the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state by THz wave, and resolution is high, and device is simple, easily operates, applied range.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention detects gas Rybderg state meticulous spectral line apparatus structure schematic diagram by THz wave;
Fig. 2 be the embodiment of the present invention by laser beam by the light spot shape schematic diagram after post lens A and post lens B;
Fig. 3 be the present invention for high pure nitrogen, ground state, conversion schematic diagram between Rybderg state and state of ionization;
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Detect gas Rybderg state meticulous spectral line apparatus structure schematic diagram by THz wave as shown in Figure 1, comprise LASER Light Source 1, monochromatic beam splitting chip 2, THz wave emission coefficient 3, Terahertz window A4, pressure supervising device 5, closed chamber 6, vacuum pump 7, Terahertz window B8, Terahertz wave spectrum detection system 9, catoptron A10, catoptron B11, time delay module 12, catoptron C13, post lens A14, post lens B15, catoptron D16, laser is anti-reflection window 17, flue 18, light dustbin 19.From LASER Light Source 1 export ultra-short pulse laser through monochromatic beam splitting chip 2, a part enters THz wave emission coefficient 3, the THz wave given off enters closed chamber 6 by the Terahertz window A4 in closed chamber 6 after converging, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber 6, another part ultra-short pulse laser is after catoptron A10 and catoptron B11, by time delay module 12, post lens A14 and post lens B15 is passed through again after catoptron C13, reflect finally by catoptron D16 and enter closed chamber 6 by the anti-reflection window 17 of the laser in closed chamber 6, focus at THz wave focal plane place.By vacuum pump 7 by after closed chamber 6 vacuum state, then inject certain gas by flue 18, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that gas is focused forms sheet plasma, and this schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction.THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber 6.Light dustbin 19, for the ultra-short pulse laser dispersed after collecting focusing, avoids these light in subsequent optical path, affect the detection of spectral line due to diffuse reflection.The gas pressure intensity of closed chamber 6 inside can be controlled by pressure supervising device 5, THz wave and sheet plasma can be interacted under different pressure conditions, thus regulate the collision frequency between Rybderg state Yuan Zi molecule and Terahertz photon.After THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue forward direction, by entering THz wave spectrum detection system 9 after the Terahertz window B8 that Terahertz window A4 is just right.Regulate time delay module 12, when THz wave time domain overlap or slightly lag behind sheet plasma the generation moment time, THz wave meeting and sheet plasma produce and interact, and the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained is compared to also there will be absorption peak without wave spectrum during interaction.This is in the sheet plasma owing to being formed under gaseous environment, gas atom electronics the electronics of molecule may be in ground state, state of ionization, Rybderg state and other excited state.Be in the electronic remote of Rybderg state from atomic kernel, with be easy to depart from main Yuan Zi molecule in the interactional process of THz wave with Terahertz photon collision and discharge, and then become ion and free electron, the electronics being in Rybderg state together can be distributed in different energy level, the electronics of different energy level is different from the energy absorbed during Terahertz photon collision, so can infer the energy state in Rybderg state Yuan Zi molecule residing for electronics from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum.Measure gas by THz wave and be ionized energy state in rear formed plasma residing for electronics, so gas exists always, Terahertz then will arrive after plasma generation.But there is certain hour in its life-span after plasma produces, so a time delay will be added, ensure that but the time that Terahertz arrives is after plasma generation before burying in oblivion.
Described THz wave emission coefficient 3, Selection utilization nonlinear effect can produce THz wave, as gaseous plasma radiation THz wave; Or utilize optical rectification principle to produce THz wave, as lithium columbate crystal radiation THz wave; Or photoconductive antenna produces THz wave, as prepared photoconductive antenna radiation THz wave with highly purified gallium arsenide.
Described Terahertz wave spectrum detection system 9, can select electro optic sampling probe method, or photoconductive antenna probe method, or THz air-breakdown-coherent-detection(is called for short ABCD) probe method.
Pass through the light spot shape schematic diagram after post lens A and post lens B by laser beam as shown in Figure 2, described post lens A14 and post lens B15, post lens A14 vertical direction focuses on, focal length is long, post lens B15 horizontal direction focuses on, and focal length is short, and post lens A14 and post lens B15 is confocal.Stronger sheet plasma (schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction) can be formed like this in the plane perpendicular to light incident direction, thus increase the area of Hertz wave and Plasma Interaction.
Described gas can be any one high-purity gas, such as nitrogen.
As shown in Figure 3 for high pure nitrogen, ground state, conversion schematic diagram between Rybderg state and state of ionization, the femtosecond laser being 800 nm with centre wavelength below utilizes air plasma to give off THz wave and sheet plasma interacts under high pure nitrogen environment, and utilizing electro optic sampling principle detection THz wave to be example, its all band, other terahertz radiation methods and other high-purity gas are consistent with this implementation method.
Implement illustration as shown in Figure 4, it is 800 nm that laser instrument exports center wavelength of light, spectral range 780-820 nm, pulse width is 30 fs, repetition frequency 1 KHz, the adjustment process that specific implementation detects nitrogen Rybderg state meticulous spectral line is as follows: the ultra-short pulse laser exported from LASER Light Source 1 is through monochromatic beam splitting chip 2(T:R=1:2), the transmitted light of beam splitting chip 2 is again by beam splitting chip 9(1) enter THz wave emission coefficient 3 after (T:R=9:1), successively by the condenser lens 3(1 in THz wave emission coefficient 3) and frequency-doubling crystal BBO3(2) form air plasma, the taper THz wave given off is again by two Teflon lens 3(3) and 3(4) after become convergence THz wave enter closed chamber 6 by the Terahertz window A4 in closed chamber 6, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber 6, the reflects laser of beam splitting chip 2 is after catoptron A10 and catoptron B11, by time delay module 12, post lens A14 and post lens B15 is passed through again after catoptron C13, reflect finally by catoptron D16 and enter closed chamber 6 by the anti-reflection window 17 of the laser in closed chamber 6, focus at THz wave focal plane place.By vacuum pump 7 by after closed chamber 6 vacuum state, then inject high pure nitrogen (purity 99.999%) by flue 18, the ultra-short pulse laser ionization that nitrogen molecule is focused forms sheet plasma, and its schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction.THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber 6.Light dustbin 19, for the ultra-short pulse laser dispersed after collecting focusing, avoids the diffuse reflection two in subsequent optical path of these light to affect the detection of spectral line.The gas pressure intensity of closed chamber 6 inside can be controlled by pressure supervising device 5, set a certain pressure values, as 10
5pa.After THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue forward direction, by entering THz wave spectrum detection system 9 after the Terahertz window B8 that Terahertz window A4 is just right.Beam splitting chip 9(1) reflects laser as the detection light of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system 9, successively through catoptron 9(2), catoptron 9(3), time delay module 9(4) and catoptron 9(5) and catoptron 9(6), finally by high resistant silicon chip 9(7) reflection with Terahertz window B8 export through high resistant silicon chip 9(7) THz wave overlap together with enter electro-optic crystal ZnTe9(8), convex lens 9(9), quarter-wave plate 9(10), wollaston prism 9(11) and silicon probe A 9(12) and silicon probe B 9(12) carry out electro optic sampling detection, 9(1) to 9(4) this road is for detecting terahertz signal, compare with Terahertz waveform when having sheet plasma, the energy state obtained residing for electronics can be analyzed.Regulate time delay module 12, when coincidence in THz wave time domain or when slightly lagging behind the plasma generation moment, meeting and sheet plasma produce and interact, the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained there will be absorption peak compared to without wave spectrum when interacting, so the energy state in Rybderg state Yuan Zi molecule residing for electronics can be inferred from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum, realize the object of the meticulous spectral line of Rybderg state being detected Qi Tiyuanzi molecule by THz wave thus.
Claims (4)
1. detected a method for the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state by THz wave, it is characterized in that, comprise LASER Light Source, monochromatic beam splitting chip, THz wave emission coefficient, input Terahertz window, pressure supervising device, closed chamber, vacuum pump, exports Terahertz window, Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, the first catoptron, second catoptron, time delay module, the 3rd catoptron, first post lens, the second post lens, the 4th catoptron, laser is anti-reflection window, flue, light dustbin; From LASER Light Source export ultra-short pulse laser through monochromatic beam splitting chip, a part enters THz wave emission coefficient, the THz wave given off enters closed chamber by the input Terahertz window in closed chamber after focusing on, THz wave focus is inner in closed chamber, another part ultra-short pulse laser is successively after first, second catoptron, pass through time delay module, the first post lens and the second post lens are passed through again after the 3rd catoptron, reflect finally by the 4th catoptron and enter closed chamber by the anti-reflection window of the laser in closed chamber, focusing at THz wave focal plane place; By vacuum pump by after closed chamber vacuum state, then inject high-purity detection gas by flue, detect the ultra-short pulse laser ionization formation sheet plasma that gas is focused, this schistose surface is vertical with THz wave incident direction; THz wave and sheet plasma interact in closed chamber, the ultra-short pulse laser that light dustbin is dispersed after collecting and focusing on, pressure supervising device controls the gas pressure intensity of closed chamber inside, after THz wave and sheet plasma interact, continue to enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system by the output Terahertz window that input Terahertz window is just right forward; Regulate time delay module, when THz wave time domain overlap or slightly lag behind sheet plasma the generation moment time, THz wave meeting and sheet plasma produce and interact, the Terahertz wave spectrum obtained, compared to also there will be absorption peak without wave spectrum when interacting, infers from the absorption peak Terahertz wave spectrum the energy state detected in gas Rybderg state Yuan Zi molecule residing for electronics.
2. the method for the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state is detected according to claim 1 by THz wave, it is characterized in that, increase by the second beam splitting chip in the middle of described monochromatic beam splitting chip and THz wave emission coefficient, the transmitted light of monochromatic beam splitting chip enters THz wave emission coefficient through the second beam splitting chip; The reflects laser of the second beam splitting chip beam splitting chip is as the detection light of Terahertz wave spectrum detection system, successively through the first catoptron group, the second time delay module and the second catoptron group, finally by the reflection of high resistant silicon chip and export the THz wave through high resistant silicon chip that Terahertz window exports overlap together with enter Terahertz wave spectrum detection system.
3. according to claim 1 or 2, detected the method for the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state by THz wave, it is characterized in that, described THz wave emission coefficient, Selection utilization nonlinear effect produces THz wave; Or Selection utilization optical rectification principle produces THz wave; Or select photoconductive antenna to produce THz wave.
4. according to claim 1 or 2, the method for the meticulous spectral line of gas Rybderg state is detected by THz wave, it is characterized in that, described Terahertz wave spectrum detection system selects electro optic sampling probe method, or photoconductive antenna probe method, or THz air-breakdown-coherent-detection probe method.
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| CN109445226A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-08 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Terahertz frequency comb generation device and method based on polar molecule coherence rotation |
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| CN105784625A (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2016-07-20 | 上海理工大学 | Device for remotely detecting hazardous gas on basis of TeraHertz wave |
| CN105784625B (en) * | 2016-03-15 | 2018-10-12 | 上海理工大学 | Detect the device of hazardous gas at a distance based on THz wave |
| CN109445226A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-03-08 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Terahertz frequency comb generation device and method based on polar molecule coherence rotation |
| CN113038678A (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2021-06-25 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Plasma density measurement method based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy |
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