CN104453816A - Method for solvent assisting SAGD heavy oil reservoir exploiting - Google Patents
Method for solvent assisting SAGD heavy oil reservoir exploiting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104453816A CN104453816A CN201410679996.3A CN201410679996A CN104453816A CN 104453816 A CN104453816 A CN 104453816A CN 201410679996 A CN201410679996 A CN 201410679996A CN 104453816 A CN104453816 A CN 104453816A
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- sagd
- dimethyl ether
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- steam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/24—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons using heat, e.g. steam injection
- E21B43/2406—Steam assisted gravity drainage [SAGD]
- E21B43/2408—SAGD in combination with other methods
Abstract
The invention provides a method for solvent assisting SAGD heavy oil reservoir exploiting. The method for solvent assisting SAGD heavy oil reservoir exploiting comprises the steps that injection-production pattern deploying is carried out, and an injection-production pattern is a new SAGD horizontal well pair or a SAGD horizontal well pair which is already turned into production and is provided with a formed steam cavity; steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether addition agents are injected into an injection well; the weight ratio of the dimethyl ether addition agents to the dimethyl ether is 0.1 : 1-1 : 1, and the weight ratio of the dimethyl ether to the steam is 0.1 : 1-2 : 1; when an SAGD steam cavity starts to go down, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether addition agent injection is stopped, and pure steam is injected until production is over; and when the daily oil output level of a continuous month of a production well is lowered to below 2 t, production is over, and heavy oil reservoir exploiting through solvent assisting SAGD is completed. According to the method, the steam quality and the swept volume in a SAGD steam cavity can be effectively improved, oil draining speed is increased, oil production speed is increased, and the recovery ratio is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the production technique of heavy crude reservoir in a kind of oil field, particularly relates to a kind of method that SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent, belongs to technical field of petroleum extraction.
Background technology
SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage, being called for short SAGD) technology invented by Canadian Bulter in 1978, obtains successful Application at the heavy crude reservoir on the ground such as Liaohe Oil Field, Xinjiang Oilfield of Canadian oil-sand mining area, China.
The principle of SAGD disposes horizontal well pair stacked up and down at same oil reservoir, high-quality steam is injected in the steam injection well of top, density due to steam is far smaller than crude oil and upwards onlap forms vapor chamber in the earth formation, along with the continuous injection of steam, vapor chamber constantly upwards and sideways expansion, with the crude oil generation interchange of heat in oil reservoir; Reduced by the viscosity of crude heated, flow downward under gravity with condensed water, extraction from the horizontal production well of oil reservoir bottom.
Solvent assisted gravity drainage (being called for short: SAGD assisted by solvent) technology is the technology developed on SAGD basis.
Solvent assists the principle of SAGD to be adopt the casing programme identical with SAGD exploitation method, be one or more of the alkane solvent (being specially: propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane) of 3-8 by carbon number, according to injecting SAGD steam injection well after certain ratio and steam, because above-mentioned light paraffins solvent (being called for short: solvent) has good dissolution to viscous crude, can Viscosity of Heavy Crude Oil be reduced after dissolving viscous crude, improve viscous crude mobility; What add steam itself adds the glutinous effect of heat drop, and the mixed system of above-mentioned light paraffins solvent and steam can accelerate viscous crude and fall glutinous, improves vapor chamber expansion rate and viscous crude flowing velocity, thus improves draining speed and output.
But, external mining site implementation process shows, carbon number is the limited source of the alkane solvent (being specially: propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane) of 3-8 and price is high, the economic benefit adopting this solvent heavy industrialization to apply is poor, and the rate of extraction of liquid solvent in oil reservoir also directly will affect economic benefit.Be subject to crack that oil reservoir itself grows, interlayer is communicated with and the impact of pressure inequality, the liquid solvent loss amount of injection is often comparatively large, causes field test without economic benefit.The cost of steam SAGD then due to lasting generation steam is higher, and a large amount of steam condensate (SC) is assembled in vapor chamber, will greatly reduce the mass dryness fraction injecting steam, reduces the swept volume injecting steam, thus reduces gas oil ratio and the economic benefit of SAGD.
In sum, proposing a kind of method that SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by novel solvent, to overcome the defect of prior art, is this area problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problem, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of solvent to assist the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, the method effectively can improve steam quality in SAGD vapor chamber and swept volume, improves draining speed, production rate and recovery ratio.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention provides a kind of method that SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent, the method by injecting dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent in the vapor chamber of steam SAGD, make it the condensed water completely and in vapor chamber and the viscous crude in oil reservoir dissolves each other, rapid reduction viscosity of crude, and by the condensed water in vapor chamber with fall glutinous after crude oil together extraction, thus the steam quality effectively improved in vapor chamber and swept volume, improve draining speed, production rate and recovery ratio, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: dispose flooding pattern, described flooding pattern be new SAGD Horizontal Well to or flooding pattern be proceeded to produce and formed the SAGD Horizontal Well pair of vapor chamber;
When flooding pattern is new SAGD Horizontal Well pair, flooding pattern comprises at least one SAGD Horizontal Well pair, wherein, the vertical distance of Injection Well horizontal segment above producing well horizontal segment and between Injection Well horizontal segment and producing well horizontal segment that described SAGD Horizontal Well is right is 5 meters;
When flooding pattern be proceeded to produce and formed the SAGD Horizontal Well pair of vapor chamber time, described flooding pattern comprises at least 1 mouthful of horizontal production well and more than 2 mouthfuls vertical injection wells, wherein, described Injection Well evenly, be equally distributed on the both sides of producing well horizontal segment;
Step 2: when flooding pattern is new SAGD Horizontal Well pair, first to SAGD Horizontal Well to carrying out preheating 100-200 days, turn SAGD after preheating terminates and produce the initial stage, in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right, inject steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent simultaneously;
When flooding pattern be proceeded to produce and formed the SAGD Horizontal Well pair of vapor chamber time, in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right, inject steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent simultaneously, or adopt mode alternately in Injection Well, inject steam and dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent;
Wherein, the mass ratio of described dimethyl ether auxiliary agent and dimethyl ether is 0.1:1-1:1, and the mass ratio of dimethyl ether and steam is 0.1:1-2:1; Dimethyl ether auxiliary agent comprises ethylene glycol and/or ethanol;
Step 3: when SAGD vapor chamber starts to decline, stops injecting dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent, changes into and injects pure steam until produce end;
Step 4: when the day oil production level in continuous one month of producing well drops to below 2 tons, completed product run, completes solvent and assist SAGD to the exploitation of heavy crude reservoir.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, preferably, when the SAGD Horizontal Well pair that flooding pattern is new, to SAGD Horizontal Well to when carrying out preheating, the employing mode of preheating comprises Injection Well and producing well, and steam soak, solvent are handled up simultaneously, steam+solvent compound throughput, Electromagnetic Heating, heating using microwave, radio frequency heating, vapor recycle, steam-solvent compositions circulates, solvent circulates or solvent soaking circulates; More preferably, the solvent of employing comprises the combination of one or more in alkane solvent (more preferably carbon number is the saturated alkane solvent of 3-8) that carbon number is 3-20, kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil, naphtha and liquefied petroleum gas.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, and preferably, in step 2, the injection pressure of dimethyl ether is 0.5-5.4MPa, and implantation temperature is 20-127 DEG C.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, inject steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right simultaneously, or all requiring that the injection pressure of dimethyl ether is 0.5-5.4MPa when adopting mode alternately to inject steam and dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent in Injection Well, implantation temperature is 20-127 DEG C.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, and preferably, in step 2, the injection rate of dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent is 10-200 ton/sky.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right, inject steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent simultaneously, or all require that the injection rate of dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent is 10-200 ton/sky when adopting mode alternately to inject steam and dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent in Injection Well.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, and preferably, in step 2, when adopting mode alternately to inject steam in Injection Well, the injection rate of steam is 10-10000 ton.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, and preferably, when adopting mode alternately to inject dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent in Injection Well, the injection rate of dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent is 10-10000 ton.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, and preferably, in step 3, the injection rate of pure steam is 50-500 ton/sky.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, preferably, in step 4, by the mixture of the dimethyl ether of production extraction and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent, water and oil, isolate dimethyl ether via surface separator vacuum flashing, re-inject in Injection Well, realize recycling.
Solvent provided by the invention is assisted in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, and preferably, the pressure of vacuum flashing is 0.001-0.1MPa.
Present invention also offers the composition that SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by a kind of solvent, said composition comprises: steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent;
Wherein, the mass ratio of described dimethyl ether auxiliary agent and dimethyl ether is 0.1:1-1:1, and the mass ratio of described dimethyl ether and steam is 0.1:1-2:1; Described dimethyl ether auxiliary agent comprises ethylene glycol and/or ethanol.
Solvent provided by the invention assists the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir to have following advantage:
1, assist in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir at solvent provided by the invention, because dimethyl ether has good water-soluble and oil-soluble simultaneously, especially under the effect of ethanol and/or ethylene glycol auxiliary agent, dimethyl ether can dissolve each other with arbitrary proportion with oil-reservoir water, and dimethyl ether can dissolve the macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon in viscous crude, pitch and colloid, after injecting dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent, condensed water in the vapor chamber of original steam SAGD, remnants are attached to the macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon that reservoir rock particle surface is difficult to flow, pitch and colloid etc., all dissolved by dimethyl ether, fluid after dissolving has higher mobility, can extraction from the producing well bottom oil reservoir smoothly.Therefore, after injecting dimethyl ether, condensation water body in oil reservoir, conventional steam drive macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon, pitch and the colloid etc. that cannot drive and are all driven and sweep extraction, thus effectively prevent a large amount of heat absorptions of condensed water in oil reservoir, improve the mass dryness fraction of steam in vapor chamber; Effectively having driven away macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon, pitch and colloid blocks pore channel in rock particles surface attachment simultaneously, is conducive to dredging hole, improves degree of porosity and permeability, thus improves draining speed and rate of oil production, finally significantly improves recovery ratio.
2, method provided by the invention and Conventional solvents are assisted compared with the method for SAGD, due to the alkane solvent of to be carbon number be 3-8 adopted in the method for routine, and above-mentioned solvent does not possess the ability of dissolved bitumen, colloid and part macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon, solvent is assisted in SAGD process, deasphalting phenomenon is serious, macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon remaining after peeling off, pitch and colloid block pore channel in rock particles surface attachment, under certain reservoir condition, also can reduce the development effectiveness that SAGD assisted by solvent; And the present invention passes through the synergy of dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent, macromolecule aromatic hydrocarbon, pitch and colloid can be dissolved completely, finally significantly improve recovery ratio.
3, in addition, the carbon number of assisting SAGD to adopt with the solvent of routine is compared with the alkane solvent of 3-8, and the wide material sources of the dimethyl ether that the present invention adopts, can obtain, not need to come from petrochemical industry cracking completely from alcohols, ethers etc. in after chemical reaction; And dimethyl ether is with low cost, through recycling, can greatly reduce its use cost.
4 moreover, Conventional solvents is assisted in SAGD process, because the alkane solvent injected is generally liquid, the oil reservoir contacted in oil reservoir is limited in scope, the scope of molten oily viscosity reduction is little, and liquid solvent easily directly enters the producing well bottom oil reservoir under gravity, causes a large amount of solvent inefficient cycle.And the boiling point of the dimethyl ether adopted in method of the present invention is lower, the dimethyl ether injected this as gaseous state, in vapor chamber, impact scope is comparatively wide, can in larger spatial dimension fast instant oil reduce viscosity, and due to dimethyl ether injection pressure be 0.5-5.4Mpa, implantation temperature is 20-127 DEG C, close to its critical condition, after molten oil or molten water, can undergo phase transition rapidly, with liquid phase mixed phase, therefore the phenomenons such as has channeling are less likely to occur, can safety operation be realized.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and beneficial effect, existing following detailed description is carried out to technical scheme of the present invention, but can not be interpreted as to of the present invention can the restriction of practical range.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiments provide a kind of method that SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent, this heavy crude reservoir is the new oil reservoir of untapped mistake, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: arrange well pattern in oil reservoir region, comprises a SAGD Horizontal Well pair;
Wherein, the Injection Well horizontal segment that SAGD Horizontal Well is right is positioned at 5 meters of above producing well horizontal segment;
Step 2: Injection Well and producing well carry out steam+diesel oil compound throughput preheating 150 days simultaneously, turns SAGD and produces the initial stage, in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right, inject steam, dimethyl ether and ethylene glycol simultaneously after preheating terminates;
Wherein, the mass ratio of ethylene glycol and dimethyl ether is 0.1:1; The mass ratio of dimethyl ether and steam is 0.1:1; The injection pressure of dimethyl ether is 0.5Mpa, and implantation temperature is 20 DEG C; The injection rate of dimethyl ether and ethylene glycol is 10 tons/day;
Step 3: in the SAGD vapor chamber decline stage, stops injecting dimethyl ether and ethylene glycol, injects pure steam separately; Wherein, the injection rate of pure steam is 50 tons/day;
Step 4: the mixture of the dimethyl ether of production extraction, ethylene glycol, water and oil, dimethyl ether (pressure of vacuum flashing is 0.001MPa) is isolated via surface separator vacuum flashing, and re-inject in Injection Well, realization recycles, and completes solvent and assists SAGD to the exploitation of heavy crude reservoir.
The peak value rate of oil production that the solvent of the present embodiment assists other solvent of the identical oil reservoir of the contrast same area of the SAGD well in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir to assist SAGD well right improves 50%, and ultimate recovery improves 11%, and the solvent rate of extraction improves 10%.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiments provide a kind of method that SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent, this heavy crude reservoir be proceeded to SAGD produce 1 year, vapor chamber expanded to the oil reservoir of top of oil horizon, this oil reservoir adopts 4 mouthfuls of straight well Injection Wells and 1 mouthful of water to produce the SAGD well pattern structure of well construction all one's life, wherein, the horizontal segment of horizontal well is each side evenly, be equally spaced two mouthfuls of straight well Injection Wells, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
Step one: adopt above-mentioned existing SAGD well pattern to be flooding pattern;
Step 2: inject steam, dimethyl ether and ethanol alternately in the Injection Well that SAGD well is right;
Wherein, the mass ratio of ethanol and dimethyl ether is 1:1, and the mass ratio of dimethyl ether and steam is 0.1:1, and the injection pressure of dimethyl ether is 5.4Mpa, and implantation temperature is 127 DEG C; The injection rate of dimethyl ether and ethanol is 200 tons/day; The injection rate of dimethyl ether and ethanol is 10000 tons; The injection rate of steam is 10000 tons;
Step 3: in the SAGD vapor chamber decline stage, stops injecting dimethyl ether and ethanol, injects pure steam separately; Wherein, the injection rate of pure steam is 500 tons/day;
Step 4: the mixture of the dimethyl ether of production extraction, ethanol, water and oil, dimethyl ether (pressure of vacuum flashing is 0.1MPa) is isolated via surface separator vacuum flashing, re-inject in Injection Well, realization recycles, and completes described solvent and assists SAGD to the exploitation of heavy crude reservoir.
The solvent of the present embodiment assists the peak value rate of oil production that in the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir, other solvent of the identical oil reservoir of SAGD well contrast same area assists SAGD well right to improve 80%, and ultimate recovery improves 16%, and the solvent rate of extraction improves 25%.
Above-described embodiment shows, solvent provided by the invention assists the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir effectively can improve steam quality in SAGD vapor chamber and swept volume, improves draining speed, production rate and recovery ratio.
Claims (10)
1. a method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent, and the method comprises the following steps:
Step one: dispose flooding pattern, described flooding pattern be new SAGD Horizontal Well to or described flooding pattern be proceeded to produce and formed the SAGD Horizontal Well pair of vapor chamber;
When flooding pattern is new SAGD Horizontal Well pair, flooding pattern comprises at least one SAGD Horizontal Well pair, wherein, the vertical distance of Injection Well horizontal segment above producing well horizontal segment and between Injection Well horizontal segment and producing well horizontal segment that described SAGD Horizontal Well is right is 5 meters;
When flooding pattern be proceeded to produce and formed the SAGD Horizontal Well pair of vapor chamber time, described flooding pattern comprises at least 1 mouthful of horizontal production well and more than 2 mouthfuls vertical injection wells, wherein, described Injection Well evenly, be equally distributed on the both sides of producing well horizontal segment;
Step 2: when flooding pattern is new SAGD Horizontal Well pair, first to SAGD Horizontal Well to carrying out preheating 100-200 days, turn SAGD after preheating terminates and produce the initial stage, in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right, inject steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent simultaneously;
When flooding pattern be proceeded to produce and formed the SAGD Horizontal Well pair of vapor chamber time, in the Injection Well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right, inject steam, dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent simultaneously, or adopt mode alternately in Injection Well, inject steam and dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent;
Wherein, the mass ratio of described dimethyl ether auxiliary agent and dimethyl ether is 0.1:1-1:1, and the mass ratio of dimethyl ether and steam is 0.1:1-2:1; Dimethyl ether auxiliary agent comprises ethylene glycol and/or ethanol;
Step 3: when SAGD vapor chamber starts to decline, stops injecting dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent, changes into and injects pure steam until produce end;
Step 4: when the day oil production level in continuous one month of the producing well that SAGD Horizontal Well is right drops to below 2 tons, completed product run, completes solvent and assist SAGD to the exploitation of heavy crude reservoir.
2. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, wherein, when the SAGD Horizontal Well pair that flooding pattern is new, to SAGD Horizontal Well to when carrying out preheating, the mode of described preheating comprises Injection Well and producing well, and steam soak, solvent are handled up simultaneously, steam+solvent compound throughput, Electromagnetic Heating, heating using microwave, radio frequency heating, vapor recycle, steam-solvent compositions circulates, solvent circulates or solvent soaking circulates.
3. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 2, and wherein, described solvent comprises the combination of one or more in alkane solvent, kerosene, gasoline, diesel oil, naphtha and the liquefied petroleum gas that carbon number is 3-20.
4. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, and wherein, in step 2, the injection pressure of described dimethyl ether is 0.5-5.4MPa, and implantation temperature is 20-127 DEG C.
5. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, and wherein, in step 2, the injection rate of dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent is 10-200 ton/sky.
6. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, and wherein, in step 2, when adopting mode alternately to inject steam in Injection Well, the injection rate of steam is 10-10000 ton.
7. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, and wherein, in step 2, when adopting mode alternately to inject dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent in Injection Well, the injection rate of dimethyl ether and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent is 10-10000 ton.
8. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, and wherein, in step 3, the injection rate of described pure steam is 50-500 ton/sky.
9. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 1, wherein, in step 4, by the mixture of the dimethyl ether of production extraction and dimethyl ether auxiliary agent, water and oil, dimethyl ether is isolated via surface separator vacuum flashing, re-inject in Injection Well, realize recycling.
10. the method for SAGD production of heavy oil reservoir assisted by solvent according to claim 9, and wherein, the pressure of vacuum flashing is 0.001-0.1MPa.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN107401397A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-11-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | The method for communicating of dual horizontal well |
| CN108131124A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method using solvent and superheated steam assisted gravity drainage |
| US10125591B2 (en) | 2016-08-08 | 2018-11-13 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Coinjection of dimethyl ether and steam for bitumen and heavy oil recovery |
| CN113931602A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for exploiting thick oil by steam solvent mixed injection |
| CN114909115A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Process method for improving SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) effect of vertical well auxiliary double horizontal wells |
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| CN108131124A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of method using solvent and superheated steam assisted gravity drainage |
| CN113931602A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-01-14 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for exploiting thick oil by steam solvent mixed injection |
| CN114909115A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-08-16 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Process method for improving SAGD (steam assisted gravity drainage) effect of vertical well auxiliary double horizontal wells |
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