CN104390951B - High-sensitivity all-optical-fiber anti-stokes Raman detection system - Google Patents

High-sensitivity all-optical-fiber anti-stokes Raman detection system Download PDF

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CN104390951B
CN104390951B CN201410669729.8A CN201410669729A CN104390951B CN 104390951 B CN104390951 B CN 104390951B CN 201410669729 A CN201410669729 A CN 201410669729A CN 104390951 B CN104390951 B CN 104390951B
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optical fiber
light
fiber
cars
detection system
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CN104390951A (en
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史伟
郭宝山
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention provides a high-sensitivity all-optical-fiber anti-stokes Raman detection system. A light output end of an optical fiber laser device is connected with a first optical fiber and a second optical fiber respectively; a light outgoing end of the first optical fiber is connected with an optical fiber high-pass filter by a non-linear optical fiber; a stokes light output end of the optical fiber high-pass filter is jointly connected with a fourth optical fiber through pump light outgoing ends of a third optical fiber and the second optical fiber; a light outgoing end of the fourth optical fiber sequentially passes through an optical fiber grating filter, an optical fiber bundle and a convex lens to reach an incidence end of a sample; a light reflection end of the sample is connected with a first collection optical fiber and a second collection optical fiber by the optical fiber bundle and the optical fiber grating filter in sequence; a light outgoing end of the first collection optical fiber is connected with a light signal strength detection unit; and a light outgoing end of the second collection optical fiber is connected with a spectral signal detection unit. According to the high-sensitivity all-optical-fiber anti-stokes Raman detection system, the full optical fiberization of a light source and epi-CARS signal detection can be realized, so that the simplification and miniaturization of a high-sensitivity CARS detection system can be realized, and the application range of the CARS detection system is enlarged.

Description

A kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman Detection Techniques.Particularly relate to one optical fiber laser directly tie Close nonlinear optical fiber and produce the high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of super continuous spectrums
Background technology
Along with the development of nano science, the observation of micro-nano-scale characterizes the required technology having become as nanoscale research.Such as The great discovery that biomedical sector obtains in recent years is substantially based on the sight to micro-nano-scale functional structures such as cellular elementss Survey, characterize, even manipulate.It addition, along with the development of the new machining methods such as femtosecond laser resonance absorption and pulse train control, Laser is micro-/precision of processing received is more and more higher, it might even be possible to reach nanoscale, but micro-/receive still to lack during processing and have Monitoring means and the diagnostic techniques of effect study the whole course of processing with carrying out real-time online, to the interaction process of laser and material also Be short in understanding, this most seriously hinder laser micro-/the theoretical further development and progress with technology of the course of processing of receiving.And it is micro-nano The major obstacle of yardstick sign development is just a lack of a kind of strong diagnostic techniques and carrys out the spy of the single micro nano structure of systematic analysis Property.
Raman scattering can be used for characterizing based on the specific vibration level of molecule and identifies different material molecule, but spontaneous radiation Raman Scattering section is only 10-30cm2Left and right, signal intensity is the most weak, it is therefore desirable to study various method to strengthen its signal intensity, To strengthen its detectivity.In the latter stage nineties, work out coherent anti-stokes raman scattering (CARS) and for biology Imaging, this method is to utilize non-linear four-wave mixing process to produce signal, and its signal sensitivity dissipates far above spontaneous radiation Raman Penetrate.As it is shown in figure 1, during CARS, frequency is ωpPump light beam and frequency be ωsStokes light beam and sample , there is four-wave mixing process in product effect.As difference frequency ωpsWhen matching with raman active molecule vibration level, incident field will Exciting coherence resonance to vibrate, thus produce the Anti-Stokes signal of high frequency, signal frequency is ωas=2 ωps
CARS microscope has been used to the active somatic cell imaging of different vibration mode, including phosphate stretching vibration (DNA), ammonia Based compound I vibrates (protein), OH stretching vibration (water), and the stretching vibration (oils and fats) of CH group.The letter of oils and fats It is number very strong, so that the bilayer imaging of single phospholipid is possibly realized.Such as follow the tracks of the growth of oils and fats droplet, intracellular water Diffusion, the dynamic medical imaging of biological tissue.CARS can be also used for the two-photon polymerized and sign of CNT.
Although the laser scanning CARS microscope using two bundles synchronization psec (ps) or femtosecond (fs) pulse train is the most permissible Realizing cell imaging, but to record the time that CARS spectrum needs the longest by adjusting Stokes beam frequencies, this is difficult to Realize the dynamic tracking observation of micro-/micro-nano structure.And multi-wavelength CARS (M-CARS) can solve this problem.Multi-wavelength CARS Use femtosecond (fs) pulse pump light beam (ωp) and the Stokes light beam (ω of super continuous spectrumss), can quickly obtain CARS Signal spectrum.Pump light beam and Stokes light beam have the widest spectral region, can excite the Raman in detection on a large scale simultaneously Displacement.Fig. 2 gives the energy level schematic diagram of M-CARS.
The powerful that coherent anti-stokes raman scattering (CARS) microscope can characterize as micro-/yardstick of receiving, analyzes solely Vertical micro-/micro-nano structure pattern and chemical constituent change, thus explore the associate feature of micro-/micro-nano structure.Realize micro-/receive in range scale Observation characterize with manipulation.More than a CARS system magnitude higher than the efficiency of spontaneous radiation Raman microscopy, Ke Yishi The lowest exposure high sensitivity imaging analysis at high speed.And, compared with fluorescent technique, CARS need not extrinsic calibration, permissible Real-time monitored dynamic process.CARS can also detect sample 3D cross section, its penetration depth in the presence of single photon fluorescence It is about 0.4mm, and makes photic damage realization minimize.Thus it is best understood from the nanoscale characteristic of organic-biological tissue, make Characterize and diagnostic tool for the high-resolution monitoring of real non-destructive wound, can be widely used for biology, biochemistry, biomedicine Research in field.
But current CARS system is substantially and uses bulky solid state laser as light source, and needs at free sky Between build light path to realize the propagation of light beam, whole system is more complicated, and bulky, and stability of layout is poor.And utilize Optical fiber laser and fibre-optic waveguide can be greatly simplified CARS system, and can improve the stability of system, and realize be The miniaturization of system, utilizes fiber amplifier technology can be amplified the CARS signal collected simultaneously, improves system further Detectivity.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of all-fiber being capable of CARS system, has light simultaneously The high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of optical fiber signaling enlarging function.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system, includes light Fibre laser, the light output end of described optical fiber laser connects the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber respectively, the first described optical fiber Going out light end and connect optical fiber high pass filter by nonlinear optical fiber, the Stokes light output end of described optical fiber high pass filter leads to Cross the 3rd optical fiber to go out light end with the pump light of described second optical fiber and be jointly connected the 4th optical fiber, described 4th optical fiber go out light end successively By the incidence end of fiber grating filter, fibre bundle and convex lens to sample, the luminous reflectance end of described sample passes sequentially through optical fiber Bundle and fiber grating filter connect the first collection optical fiber and second respectively and collect optical fiber, described first collection optical fiber go out light end Connecting light signal strength detector unit, the second described collection optical fiber goes out light end and connects spectral signal detector unit.
Described light signal strength detector unit includes the first fiber amplifier and photo-detector, the first described fiber amplifier Light input end connect described in first collection optical fiber go out light end, the light output end of described first fiber amplifier by first biography Lose the photo-detector described in fine connection.
Described spectral signal detector unit includes the second fiber amplifier and spectrogrph, the light of the second described fiber amplifier Input connect described in second collection optical fiber go out light end, the light output end of described second fiber amplifier by second transmission light Spectrogrph described in fine connection.
A kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of the present invention, it is possible to achieve the all-fiber of light source, can To realize the all-fiber of light source and epi-CARS acquisition of signal, the inside that fibre bundle can insert tested sample realizes optical fiber Inner peeping type detect, it is possible to achieve the fiber amplifier of CARS signal, thus realize high sensitivity CARS detection system simplification, Miniaturization, expands the range of application of CARS detection system, and reduce CARS system build cost, there is operability, Portable CARS detection system is possibly realized, improves stability and the reliability of system simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is CARS process energy level schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 a is common M-CARS energy level schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 b is broadband M-CARS energy level schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure
1: optical fiber laser 2: the first optical fiber
3: the second optical fiber 4: nonlinear optical fiber
5: optical fiber high pass filter 6: the three optical fiber
7: the four optical fiber 8: fiber grating filter
9: fibre bundle 10: convex lens
Collect optical fiber 12: the second at 11: the first collects optical fiber
13: light signal strength detector unit 14: spectral signal detector unit
131: the first Transmission Fibers 132: the first fiber amplifiers
133: photo-detector 141: the second Transmission Fibers
142: the second fiber amplifiers 143: spectrogrph
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, a kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of the present invention is made in detail Describe in detail bright.
A kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of the present invention, by direct for one section of nonlinear grating and optical fiber Laser instrument welds together, and directly produces super continuous spectrums, as a road incident illumination (stokes light) of CARS detection, another road Directly use optical fiber laser output light (pump light), then two optical fiber are fused together realize pump light and stokes light Overlap spatially, two-beam overlap in time can be prolonged by the fiber lengths on a certain road of design adjustment or introducing pulse Technology realizes late.Then two-beam is converged on the sample of required detection by optical fiber coupling output, and use optical fiber systematic collection The CARS signal that sample produces, is further enhancing CARS signal with fiber amplifier, thus is realizing the CARS of all-fiber Detection system, finally uses photomultiplier tube or spectrogrph to realize the reading analysis of optical signal.The present invention without free space coupling, The pump light directly exported with optical fiber laser is combined, and can realize the all-fiber of CARS system source.Use unidirectional filtering Device filters CARS signal, forms the fibre bundle of integrated optical source and detecting function, can realize the all-fiber of epi-CARS signal Detection system, such that it is able to the inside that fibre bundle inserts tested sample realizes the detection of optical fiber inner peeping type.The present invention is by fiber amplifier Device is connected with detection optical fiber bundle and integrates, and without free space coupling, while reducing loss of signal, signal is carried out gain and puts Greatly.Different detectable signals can be amplified, such as epi-CARS signal, F-CARS signal, Yi Jiqi with the system of the handy present invention The faint optical signal that his system produces.
As it is shown on figure 3, a kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of the present invention, specifically include optical fiber Laser instrument 1, the light output end of described optical fiber laser 1 connects the first optical fiber 2 and the second optical fiber 3, the first described light respectively The light end that goes out of fine 2 connects optical fiber high pass filter 5, the stoke of described optical fiber high pass filter 5 by nonlinear optical fiber 4 This light output end goes out light end by the pump light of the 3rd optical fiber 6 with described second optical fiber 3 and is jointly connected the 4th optical fiber 7, and described The light end that goes out of four optical fiber 7 passes sequentially through fiber grating filter 8, fibre bundle 9 and the incidence end of convex lens 10 to sample, described The luminous reflectance end of sample passes sequentially through fibre bundle 9 and fiber grating filter 8 connects the first collection optical fiber 11 and second respectively and collects Optical fiber 12, the light end that goes out of the first described collection optical fiber 11 connects light signal strength detector unit 13, the second described collection light Fine 12 go out light end connects spectral signal detector unit 14.
Described light signal strength detector unit 13 includes the first fiber amplifier 132 and photo-detector 133, described first The light input end of fiber amplifier 132 connect described in the first collection optical fiber 11 go out light end, described first fiber amplifier 132 Light output end connect described photo-detector 133 by the first Transmission Fibers 131.
Described spectral signal detector unit 14 includes the second fiber amplifier 142 and spectrogrph 143, the second described optical fiber The light input end of amplifier 142 connect described in the second collection optical fiber 12 go out light end, the light of described second fiber amplifier 142 Outfan connects described spectrogrph 143 by the second Transmission Fibers 141.
A kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system of the present invention, optical fiber laser can use more ripe Femtosecond or picosecond pulse laser, can output it and be divided into two-beam fibre, the most a branch of employing optical fiber solder technology and nonlinear optical Fibre is welded directly together, and utilizes the optical fiber laser pump-coupling nonlinear optical fiber of therefore high pulse power, thus directly output is super even Continuous spectrum, is then filtered off the S-band of pump light and super continuous spectrums, uses the stokes that L-band detects as CARS Light.Another bundle is directly output as pump light by optical fiber laser, can calculate optical path difference according to the light path of stokes light path, adopt With suitable fiber lengths or be introduced directly into pulse daley technology and realize stokes light pulse and pump light pulse weight in time Close, then two-beam fibre is merged or is bundled into together, it is achieved the space coincidence of two-beam, so can realize CARS system light The all-fiber of source part.CARS signal can be divided into the F-CARS signal propagated forward and back-propagation after producing Epi-CARS signal.The collection of F-CARS signal also can use independent fibre-optic waveguide system, by the most incoming for the signal collected Photomultiplier tube or spectrometer analysis.The collection of epi-CARS signal equally uses fibre-optic waveguide system, it is possible to will collect Optical fiber bundles with lasing light emitter optical fiber, forms fibre bundle.At bundle end integrated optical fiber grating filter, it is possible to achieve light source is believed The isolation of number (pump light, stokes light) and epi-CARS signal.The present invention can realize CARS light source and detection collection All-fiber, such that it is able to the inside that fibre bundle inserts tested sample realizes the detection of optical fiber inner peeping type, the CARS collected letter Number can pass through one section of gain fibre, it is achieved signal amplifies, thus improves the detectivity of system.
Embodiment 1:
System as shown in Figure 1, optical fiber laser can select according to required peak power and pulse width, with center As a example by wavelength is femtosecond (fs) optical fiber laser of 780nm, its pulse width is 70fs, mean power 200mW.By its point Become the output of two-way optical fiber, the pump light beam that a road detects directly as CARS.Another road unbalanced input optical fiber produces super company Continuous spectrum, filters below 780nm wavelength, as the stokes light beam of CARS detection, it is contemplated that the bandwidth of wave filter, actual defeated Go out the wave-length coverage as stokes light beam about at more than 790nm.As 4000 wave numbers (essentially all material need to be covered Molecular chemistry key detect all within this wave-number range) Raman detection interval, then need the maximum wavelength of stokes light beam to reach About 1150nm, say, that the coverage of produced super continuous spectrums can expire at long wavelength side more than 1150nm to be reached The requirement of foot CARS system detection.Certainly the centre wavelength of optical fiber laser can have multiple choices, such as 1 μm, 1.5 μm, 2 μm Etc., if can find can matched related device, such as super continuous spectrums optical fiber, wave filter, fiber amplifier, Signal sensor etc..Then pump light and stokes light are merged into a road, it is achieved the space coincidence of two light beams, two pulses Time overlap and can be realized by different fiber lengths, it is also possible to introduce fiber pulse delayer and realize.In time and space On the pump light that all overlaps be the light source needed for CARS detection system with stokes light, required spy can be directly focused on On the sample surveyed, on direction in the same direction, available fibre bundle collects F-CARS signal, available and light source light on direction dorsad The fibre bundle that fibre bundles collects epi-CARS signal.The fibre bundle collecting signal can be directly connected to gain fibre, Carry out the fiber amplifier of signal.It is finally the detection analysis process collecting signal, can be with conventional free space CARS system one Cause, use photodetector or spectrogrph as acquisition of signal terminal.
Utilizing said method can obtain the CARS detection system of all-fiber, this system is simple and reliable, builds low cost of manufacture, And miniaturization can be realized, and meet the requirement of portable system, be also with fibre bundle and realize the CARS detection of inner peeping type, can It is greatly expanded the range of application of CARS detection.

Claims (3)

1. a high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system, includes optical fiber laser (1), and its feature exists In, the light output end of described optical fiber laser (1) connects the first optical fiber (2) and the second optical fiber (3), described respectively The light end that goes out of one optical fiber (2) connects optical fiber high pass filter (5), described optical fiber high-pass filtering by nonlinear optical fiber (4) It is common that the Stokes light output end of device (5) goes out light end by the 3rd optical fiber (6) and the pump light of described second optical fiber (3) Connecting the 4th optical fiber (7), the light end that goes out of described 4th optical fiber (7) passes sequentially through fiber grating filter (8), fibre bundle (9) With the incidence end of convex lens (10) to sample, the luminous reflectance end of described sample passes sequentially through fibre bundle (9) and fiber grating filter Ripple device (8) connects the first collection optical fiber (11) and second respectively and collects optical fiber (12), the first described collection optical fiber (11) The light end that goes out connect light signal strength detector unit (13), described second collection optical fiber (12) goes out light end and connects spectral signal Detector unit (14).
A kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Described light signal strength detector unit (13) includes the first fiber amplifier (132) and photo-detector (133), described The light input end of the first fiber amplifier (132) connect described in the first collection optical fiber (11) go out light end, described first The light output end of fiber amplifier (132) is by the photo-detector (133) described in the first Transmission Fibers (131) connection.
A kind of high sensitivity all-fiber anti-Stokes Raman detection system the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that Described spectral signal detector unit (14) includes the second fiber amplifier (142) and spectrogrph (143), described The light input end of two fiber amplifiers (142) connect described in the second collection optical fiber (12) go out light end, described second optical fiber The light output end of amplifier (142) is by the spectrogrph (143) described in the second Transmission Fibers (141) connection.
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CN108760641B (en) * 2018-08-17 2023-05-16 龙岩学院 Fusion welding process monitoring device and method based on single photon detection
CN111207686A (en) * 2020-01-08 2020-05-29 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 Detection device and system for measuring inner surface appearance and film thickness of workpiece

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