CN104365025B - The method and apparatus of the bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line - Google Patents

The method and apparatus of the bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104365025B
CN104365025B CN201380030853.3A CN201380030853A CN104365025B CN 104365025 B CN104365025 B CN 104365025B CN 201380030853 A CN201380030853 A CN 201380030853A CN 104365025 B CN104365025 B CN 104365025B
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China
Prior art keywords
bridge tap
transfer function
function data
hlog
bridge
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CN201380030853.3A
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CN104365025A (en
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X·达尔德恩
B·德罗加格
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Alcatel Optical Networks Israel Ltd
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Alcatel Optical Networks Israel Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/36—Statistical metering, e.g. recording occasions when traffic exceeds capacity of trunks
    • H04M3/362—Traffic simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/08—Indicating faults in circuits or apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/26—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing with means for applying test signals or for measuring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2201/00—Electronic components, circuits, software, systems or apparatus used in telephone systems
    • H04M2201/18—Comparators

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
  • Monitoring And Testing Of Exchanges (AREA)
  • Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to method (65) and the equipment (17,19,39) of bridge tap (45,53) in detecting telecommunication line (13).In order to reliably detect different types of bridge tap, particularly wire is to bridge tap and single conductor bridge tap, and/or determining the type (T) of each bridge tap detected, it is proposed that method includes first transfer function data (Hlog) of the actual transfer function (57) determining that (73) characterize telecommunication line；Depend on the first transfer function data (Hlog) detection (69) bridge tap (45,53)；Result based on described detection (Lt, L, k) simulation (97) telecommunication line (13)；And by the result of described simulation (SHlog1, SHlog2) and the first transfer function data (Hlog) being compared the type (T) of identification (99) bridge tap (45,53).

Description

The method and apparatus of the bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line
Technical field
The method that the present invention relates to bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line.Additionally, the present invention relates to use is set In the equipment of bridge detection tap and the method that relates to being programmed to carry out the bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line Computer program.
Background technology
It is well-known for performing Single Ended Loop Test (SELT) in digital subscriber line (DSL).SELT include based on The measurement process of reflection measurement, it allows to determine bridge tap position in subscribers' line the most in some cases.
Bridge tap is the branch at telecommunication line, and wherein the first end of bridge tap is corresponding to the friendship in telecommunication line Crunode.Second end of bridge tap can be open circuit or the equipment being connected to be not belonging to digital subscriber line.Such as, bridge joint Tap can be the such as result of incorrect wiring in remote cabinet.Bridge tap can also occur in internal wiring. Such as, bridge tap can produce due to situations below: connects simulation telephone plant or ISDN telephone plant to connected To the section of the telecommunication line of DSL modem, and do not use DSL separator to come suitably and will be used for dsl data transmission and electricity The frequency band of words is separated from each other.
When operation has the telecommunication line of bridge tap, it is undesirable to reflection be likely to occur in the first end of bridge tap And/or second end, particularly when bridge tap is correctly terminated at its second end.Because these reflections can be disturbed Dsl data transmits, so needing detection and removing bridge tap.
Known method for bridge detection tap in telecommunication line not can determine that the type of bridge tap.Bridge joint is taken out Head can be the first kind, and wherein bridge tap has two conductance of two conductors of the conductor pair being connected to telecommunication line Body.Hereinafter, such bridge tap will be referred to as " wire is to bridge tap ".The bridge tap of Second Type only has and is connected One conductor or wire of one of two electric conductors being connected to telecommunication line.The bridge tap of this Second Type will further by It is referred to as " single conductor bridge tap ".
When using known method bridge detection tap, bridge tap is generally comparatively reliable detected by wire.But, Single conductor bridge tap is less reliably detected, because single conductor bridge tap compares wire to bridge tap to telecommunication line Transmission function there is less impact.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of method and apparatus, it allows to reliably detect different types of bridge tap, Particularly wire is to bridge tap and single conductor bridge tap, and/or to determine the type of each bridge tap detected. This purpose is by method according to claim 1, the equipment for bridge detection tap according to claim 14 with according to right The computer program requiring 16 solves.
According to an embodiment, it is provided that a kind of method of bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line, the method bag Include the first transfer function data determining the actual transfer function characterizing telecommunication line；Depend on the first transfer function data detection Bridge tap；Result analog telecommunications circuit based on described detection；And by by the result of described simulation and the first transmission letter Number data compare the type identifying bridge tap.The result of described simulation can include the simulation transmission characterizing telecommunication line The analog transfer function data of function.
By the result analog telecommunications circuit of detection based on bridge tap and by the result of simulation and the first transmission letter Number data compare, and bridge tap can be reliably distinguished from each other by single conductor bridge tap and wire, although single conductor Bridge tap and wire are closely similar on bridge tap on the impact of transmission function.
In a preferred embodiment, the type of bridge tap include single conductor bridge tap and wire to bridge tap, and/ Or identify that the type of bridge tap includes determining that the bridge tap that detected is that single conductor bridge tap or wire are to bridge joint Tap.
In one embodiment, bridge detection tap includes at least one feature determining detected bridge tap, excellent Selection of land is the length of bridge tap.This feature may serve as the parameter of analog telecommunications circuit.Determine at least one feature Hence allow to improve the accuracy of simulation.Bridge tap typically results in the local minimum in transmission function, also referred to as falls (dip).The length of the feature of the bridge tap detected, particularly bridge tap, can fall in transmission by analyzing these Position in the frequency axis of function determines.
During simulation, the type of bridge tap is unknown.Therefore, the simulation to telecommunication line can comprise provide that bridge tap has There is certain type.It can be assumed for instance that bridge tap is single conductor bridge tap, or assume that bridge tap is wire pair Bridge tap.By the result of analog telecommunications circuit and the first transfer function data are i.e. transferred function by ratio through measure Relatively, the hypothesis for bridge tap type can be verified.If the result of simulation and represented by the first transfer function data the One transmission function is closely similar, then assumes to be considered correct, and the bridge tap type assumed corresponds to bridge Connect the actual type of tap.But, if the result of simulation and the first transfer function data are different from each other, then take out about bridge joint The hypothesis of head type is considered incorrect, and the method can estimate the bridge tap that presents in telecommunication line Type is different from the type assumed.
In one embodiment, for about each of bridge tap type possible it is assumed that perform simulation, and will May assume that to each the result of relevant simulation compares with the first transfer function data.Use the knot that this repeatedly compares Fruit is so that identifying the type of bridge tap.
In one embodiment, simulation comprises provide that bridge tap is that wire is to bridge tap, computational representation telecommunication line The first analog transfer function data of the first analog transfer function, described calculating depends on identified bridge tap at least One feature, preferably relies upon the length of identified bridge tap, and described identification depends on the first transmission function number According to the first analog transfer function data.Especially, can be by the first transfer function data and the first analog transfer function data It is compared to identify the type of bridge tap each other.
Preferably, the method can comprise provide that bridge tap is single conductor bridge tap, computational representation telecommunication line Second analog transfer function data of the second analog transfer function, described calculating depends at least the one of identified bridge tap Individual feature, preferably relies upon the length of identified bridge tap, and described identification depends on the second analog transfer function Data.In other words, the first analog transfer function data, the second analog transfer function data and the first transmission function number are depended on According to, identify the type of bridge tap.In one embodiment, by the first analog transfer function data and the first transfer function data Compare and the second analog transfer function data are compared with the first transfer function data.Compare for twice based on this, The type of bridge tap can be identified.Such as, which during the method may decide that simulated transmission function is more closely similar to The actual transmission function of the telecommunication line represented by the first transfer function data.Compared with the second analog transfer function, if The actual transmission function represented by the first transfer function data is more closely similar to the first analog transfer function, then the method is permissible Identify that wire is to bridge tap.Compared with the first analog transfer function, if the reality represented by the first transfer function data Transmission function is more closely similar to the second analog transfer function, then the method may decide that bridge tap is single conductor bridge tap.
In one embodiment, the method includes that depending on the first transfer function data determines the second transfer function data, Second transfer function data characterizes the transmission function of the telecommunication line not having any bridge tap, and the detection of bridge tap depends on Rely in the first transfer function data and the second transfer function data.It is determined by the second transfer function data, reality can be passed Delivery function is relevant to the second transfer function data representing the situation that there is not bridge tap.Therefore, it can derive bridge tap Impact on transmission function.
In one embodiment, determine the second transfer function data include identifying the maximum in actual transfer function and Use these maximums as the fulcrum for calculating the second transfer function data, such as, connected by the maximum that will be identified Pick up.Because bridge tap causes local minimum (falling), so using the maximum being usually located between local minimum Value is as the phase transmitting function causing the telecommunication line for not having bridge tap for calculating the fulcrum of the second transmission function Be a good approaches.
Approach to improve this further, determine that the second transfer function data can include smooth by the second transmission function number According to the function characterized.To this end, the second transfer function data can be filtered, such as by the way of low pass filter.
In another embodiment, determine that the second transfer function data includes by the first transfer function data or from the first transmission The data that function data derives fit to represent the biography not having any damage, particularly not having the telecommunication line of any bridge tap The curve of delivery function.The curve representing transmission function can correspond to transmit the mathematical model of function.Such as, by the first transmission letter Number data fit to curve can include that the fitting parameter of adaptive mathematical model makes curve represent by the first transfer function data Most preferably approaching of the transmission function represented.In order to find these best fit parameters, known homing method can be used, especially It it is non-linear regression method.The described data derived by the first transfer function data can be by using the actual transfer identified The maximum of function data determines as fulcrum, such as, by being coupled together by the maximum identified.
In a preferred embodiment, the fitting parameter of index operation and curve that curve has decay includes attenuation factor And/or length value, length value depends on the length of telecommunication line.These fitting parameters describe the physical features of telecommunication line, its The input parameter of analog telecommunications circuit can be reserved as.
In one embodiment, bridge detection tap includes preferably by deducting the second biography from the first transfer function data Delivery function data or by deducting the first transfer function data from the second transfer function data, calculate the differences of two transmission functions Value.This subtraction causes difference to transmit function, and difference transmission function includes running along with the overall attenuation of the transmission function predicted, The bridge tap impact on transmission function.Can relatively easily analyze difference transmission function so that bridge detection tap.
In a preferred embodiment, method includes depending on the first transmission function or preferably relying upon difference transmission function Calculate the length of bridge tap.Difference transmission function can be the first transmission function and the difference of the second transmission function, and difference can With by from the second transfer function data deduct first transfer function data calculate or vice versa.The length of bridge tap is Another physical features of telecommunication line, in one embodiment, the length of bridge tap can be as analog telecommunications circuit Another input parameter.
Therefore, in one embodiment, the simulation of telecommunication line depends at least one fitting parameter and/or the institute of curve The length of the bridge tap calculated.
According to another preferred embodiment, it is provided that the equipment of a kind of bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line, equipment Can be used to determine the first transfer function data of the actual transfer function characterizing telecommunication line；Depend on the first transmission function Data Detection bridge tap；Result analog telecommunications circuit based on described detection；And by by the result of described simulation and the One transfer function data compares the type identifying bridge tap.
Such as, equipment may is that the access node for fixed access network network, such as DSL couple in multiplexer (DSLAM)； For the network node of user side, the such as DSL modem of fixed access network network；Or it is configured to and fixed access network The monitoring station that network connects.
In one embodiment, equipment is set, is preferably programmed for performing the method according to the invention, retouches here State the embodiment of the method.
According to another preferred embodiment, it is provided that a kind of computer program, preferably storage medium, described calculating Machine program product includes computer program, and this computer program is programmed for performing when executed by a computer the side of the present invention Method, there has been described the embodiment of the method.Storage medium can be any type.Especially, storage medium can include half Conductor memory such as ROM or FLASH memory, light medium such as CDROM or DVD or magnetizing mediums such as hard disk, floppy disk or Tape.Additionally, computer program can store on the server for via communication network such as via the Internet download. Computer program can include the memory element being programmed to carry out the controller of the method according to the invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Illustrate and be specifically described exemplary embodiment and the further advantage of the present invention the most in the drawings.
Fig. 1 illustrates communication network according to a preferred embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the wire schematic diagram to bridge tap；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of single conductor bridge tap；
Fig. 4 illustrates the transmission function of the telecommunication line not having any bridge tap, has the wire electricity to bridge tap The figure of the transmission function of the transmission function believing circuit and the telecommunication line with single conductor bridge tap；
Fig. 5 illustrates the flow chart of the method for bridge detection tap；
Fig. 6 illustrates the transmission function through measuring of the telecommunication line having wire to bridge tap and does not has any bridge joint The figure of the transmission function that twice of the telecommunication line of tap approaches；
Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates by deducting in the transmission function approached from the transmission function through measuring shown in Fig. 6 The figure of the difference transmission function of individual acquisition；
Fig. 9 illustrates the figure of the user side internal wiring including causing the line termination device of single conductor bridge tap；With And
Figure 10 illustrates another line termination device causing single conductor bridge tap when being installed in internal wiring Figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Description and accompanying drawing only illustrate the principle of the present invention.Therefore it should be understood that those skilled in the art can find out Various layouts, although not being expressly recited at this or illustrating, but this various layout is embodied the principle of the present invention and is included in In its spirit and scope.Additionally, be intended merely for the purpose of teaching in all example principles described herein significantly to help The principle of the reader understanding present invention and the concept of development prior art contributed by inventor, and will be considered not to these The example and the condition that describe in detail limit.Additionally, be described herein the principle of the present invention, aspect and embodiment and specifically show All statements of example are intended to its equivalent.
Fig. 1 illustrates the communication network 11 including telecommunication line 13.Telecommunication line 13 have a pair 15 electric conductor 15a, 15b, wherein this is connected to the network side terminated nodes of network 11 to the first end 16 of electric conductor 15, is further referred as accessing Node 17, and this is connected to the end side terminated nodes 19 of network 11 to the second end 18 of electric conductor 15.End side terminates Node 19 can be the part of the ustomer premises access equipment (CPE 21) of network 11.
In the embodiment shown, telecommunication line 13 is digital subscriber line (DSL), such as ADSL, VDSL etc..Therefore, connect Ingress 17 can be DSL couple in multiplexer (DSLAM) or another type of DSL access node.End side terminated nodes 19 Can be DSL modem or include DSL modem.But, the present invention is not restricted to DSL.In another embodiment In, network 11 includes different types of telecommunication line 13.
Access node 17 has the first modem circuit 23, electric conductor to 15 the first end 16 be connected to this first Modem circuit 23.Additionally, access node 17 has the first control being adapted to control the operation of access node 17 Device 25.In one embodiment, the first controller 25 is processor 27 and the such as semiconductor storage including such as microprocessor The programmable calculator of the memory element 29 of device.
End side terminated nodes 19 includes second modem circuit 33, and second end 18 of 15 is connected to by electric conductor This second modem circuit 33.Additionally, end side terminated nodes 19 includes second controller 31.Second controller 31 is permissible There is the basic configuration identical with the first controller 25, i.e. second controller 31 can be programmable calculator and include processing Device 27 and/or memory element 29.
In the embodiment shown, electric conductor to 15 be the part of bundled device (binder) 35 and parallel at least partially Extend at least one other telecommunication line 36.Each other circuit 36 includes that other conductor is to 37.Bundled device 35 is permissible Including shielding 38 that conduct electricity, preferably metal, shielding 38 can be with ground connection as shown in Figure 1.
Additionally, network 11 can include optional monitoring station 39, this monitoring station 39 is such as connected to via internet 41 Node 17, at least one node in 19 makes to stand 39 can be with node 17, at least one node communication in 19, preferably Access node 17.Stand and 39 include the 3rd controller 43.It is basic that 3rd controller 43 can have with the first controller 25 system Configuration, i.e. the 3rd controller 43 can be programmable computer and include processor 27 and/or memory element 29.Showing In example embodiment, standing 39 can be server computer, personal computer, handheld computer such as PDA or cell phone etc.. In one embodiment, collection and the process of measurement data can not complete in cell phone or kneetop computer, and by platform Processor completes.In this embodiment, phone is client, and it can obtain the result of this collection and process from server.
At least one controller in controller 25,31 or 43 is arranged for performing method described herein, the method Bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line 13, particularly conductor 15a, 15b in 15.Finally, it is provided that computer Program, it is programmed such that when running this computer program, and at least one controller in controller 25,31,43 performs should Method.In other words, the method can access node 17, stand 39 or end side terminated nodes 19 on perform.Computer program Can be stored at least one memory element 29.Deposit additionally, computer program can be stored in any kind of data Storage media, such as disk or CD or quasiconductor charge mediator.Furthermore, it is possible to provided program to be preferably for network by server Transmission on the Internet.
Fig. 2 illustrates hypothesis and has the wire telecommunication line 13 to the bridge tap of type.This wire is to bridge tap 45 Extend between the conductor of telecommunication line 13 cross point 47 and the wire far-end 49 to bridge tap 45 to 15.This wire is to bridge Connect tap 45 and include that another conductor is to 51, it is common that wire pair, wherein this another conductor to 51 each conductor or wire quilt It is connected to electric conductor 15a, a 15b.
The conductor of telecommunication line 13 has length L to 15.Conductor between access node 17 and cross point 47 to 15 One section has length L1.Conductor between cross point 47 and end side terminated nodes 19 has length L2 to the second segment of 15.Always Length is the summation of the length of these sections, L=L1+L2.This another conductor length to 51, is referred to as bridge tap further Length, use Lt mark.
Fig. 3 illustrates the telecommunication line 13 assuming have the bridge tap of single conductor type.This single conductor bridge tap 53 Having another single conductor 55, this another conductor 55 is connected to conductor electric conductor 15a, 15b to 15 at cross point 47 In one.Electrical connection is there is not between single conductor bridge tap 53 and other electric conductors 15b, 15a.In example shown In, another single conductor 55 is connected to conductor to the first electric conductor 15a in 15.In figure 3, conductor is depicted to 15 Length L1, L2 and length Lt of single conductor bridge tap 53 of two sections.
Fig. 4 illustrates the transmission function through measuring of the telecommunication line 13 for three kinds of different scenes.Especially, the first warp The transmission function 57a measured is not corresponding to having the transmission line 13 of any bridge tap.Second transmission function 57b pair through measuring Ying Yu has the wire telecommunication line 13 to bridge tap.Finally, the 3rd transmission function 57c through measuring singly leads corresponding to having The telecommunication line 13 of line bridge tap.Transmission function 57 through measuring is described in common figure, and its x-axis is opened up in units of MHz Show that frequency and y-axis illustrate the decay along telecommunication line 13 as frequency function in units of dB.Showing shown in Fig. 4 Example transmission function 57 relates to total length L=500m and length Lt=20m of bridge tap 45,53 of telecommunication line 13.
As shown in Figure 4, and if only if when there are at least one bridge tap 45,53 in telecommunication line 13, transmits letter Several 57 have the local minimum 59 (so-called " falling " 59) that regular intervals is opened.Therefore, it can by analyzing the biography through measuring Delivery function 57, especially by checking whether transmission function 57 has local minimum 59 to carry out bridge detection tap 45,53.Describe and pass Measurement data Hlog of delivery function 57 can obtain by the way of DELT.
Assume wire to bridge tap 45, telecommunication line 13 has two propagation paths, i.e. from access node 17 directly to The directapath (arrow 61) of end side terminated nodes 19.And indirect path (arrow 63), it starts from access node 17, logical Cross cross point 47 to far-end 49, return to cross point 47 and finally end at end side terminated nodes 19 (see Fig. 2).
There is the signal of characteristic frequency f propagate can describe in the way of phasor along the signal of two propagation paths:
Directapath: r 1 - e - γ · ( L 1 + L 2 ) - - - ( 1 )
Indirect path: r 2 = e - ( γ · ( L 1 - L 2 - 2 · L t ) ) - - - ( 2 )
Variable γ=γ (f) is the propagation constant of telecommunication line 13.Phasor r1Describe the transmission along directapath 61, And phasor r2Describe the signal along indirect path 63 to propagate.The dissemination of telecommunication line 13 can be by these phasors With describe:
r = r 1 + r 2 = e - γ · ( L 1 + L 2 ) ( 1 + e - 2 · γ · L t ) - - - ( 3 )
Local minimum 59 is along directapath 61 and the result of the destructive interference of the signal of indirect path 63.? Frequency f of little valuenCan be by calculating of such as getting off:
- 2 · lm [ γ ] · L t = ( 2 n + 1 ) · π ⇒ - 4 · π f c · L t = ( 2 n + 1 ) · π ⇒ f n = ( 2 n + 1 ) c 4 · L t - - - ( 4 )
Therefore, transmission function 57b, 57c through measuring are by the c/4L corresponding to odd-multipletFrequency at present deep falling Falling 59, wherein c represents phase velocity.
In the embodiment for the method for bridge detection tap 45,53, detect the local transmitting function 57 through measuring Minima and the method verify whether the frequency of local minimum after testing at least substantially follow before equation (4).
Assuming single conductor bridge tap 53 as shown in Figure 3, another single conductor 55 can be propagated with the form of surface wave Energy.Additionally, another single conductor 55 can be with other conductors (such as, its main transmission line being connected in its vicinity Other wires near the wire on road, circuit 13, etc.) form transmission line.Therefore, the energy propagated along main line 15 A part can also be propagated along another plain conductor 55 and be reflected at its far-end 49, as wire is to bridge tap 45 Situation.But, owing to conductor is to impedance mismatch relatively high between 15 and single conductor bridge tap 55 and due to relatively High decay, the effect of above-mentioned destructive interference is the most obvious.As result, as shown in Figure 4, the transmission function 57c through measuring In the local minimum transmission function 57b through measurement relevant to the telecommunication line 13 of bridge tap less than to having wire Local minimum.
Fig. 5 illustrates the flow chart of illustrative methods in telecommunication line 13 for bridge detection tap 45,53.The method 65 have and measure and analysis block 67, bridge tap detection block 69 and type identification frame 71 are for identifying the bridge tap that detected Type.Therefore, method 65 not only bridge detection tap 45,53 the most also identifies the type of bridge tap, i.e. determine bridge tap It is that wire is to bridge tap 45 or single conductor bridge tap 53.
Measure and analysis block 67 includes step 73, it is determined that characterize the first of the transmission function through measuring of telecommunication line 13 Transfer function data Hlog.In other words, the first transfer function data Hlog describes the actual transmission function 57 of telecommunication line 13. Such as, determine that the first transfer function data Hlog can include performing Dual-Ended Loop Test (DELT).Characterize transmission function 57 Measurement data Hlog can be stored at least one node in node 17 and 19.First transfer function data Hlog is permissible The mode using communication protocol such as SNMP from node 17 and/or 19 obtains.First transfer function data Hlog can include passing Multiple values of the amplitude of delivery function 57, each amplitude corresponds to a different frequency.Preferably, the amplitude of function 57 is transmitted Value represent with logarithmic scale.First transfer function data can use DELT to generate.In one embodiment, the first transmission letter Generate during number data Hlog moment during the operation of access node 17 and end side terminated nodes 19.Such as, One transfer function data Hlog can be synchronized with each other at the first modem circuit 23 and second modem circuit 33 Generating during stage and being stored in makes step 73 can obtain it in access node 17 and/or end side terminated nodes 19 ?.
The step 75 of measurement and analysis block 67 depends on the first transfer function data Hlog and determines the second transfer function data E.Second transmission function E characterizes the transmission function of the telecommunication line 13 not having any bridge tap 45,53.In other words, step 75 The impact of bridge tap 45,53 is at least substantially eliminated from the first transfer function data Hlog.By the second transfer function data E generation The function of table is at least similar to not have the transmission function of the telecommunication line 13 of bridge tap and so it seems that as through measurement The envelope of transmission function 57.
For exemplary scenario, illustrate in figure 6 and characterized by the first measurement data Hlog and the second transfer function data E Function.According to this scene, it is considered to the DSL line 13 of L=500m.Phase velocity is c=2 108M/s, attenuation factor adds up to k =1.45 10-6m-1, and a length of Lt=20m of bridge tap 45,53.The corresponding transmission function 57 through measuring has The local minimum 59 opened corresponding to the regular intervals of the odd-multiple of 2.5MHz.Using equation (4), bridge tap length Lt is permissible It is calculated as:
L t = 2 · 10 8 4 · 2.5 · 10 6 = 20 m
Fig. 6 chain lines 79 illustrates the calculated by two the different exemplary variation using step 75 with imaginary curve 81 The transmission function that two transfer function data E represent.
According to the first modification, step 75 is by identifying that the maximum 77 of the transmission function 57 through measuring calculates the second transmission letter Number data.In this embodiment, maximum 77 is with acting on the fulcrum calculating the second transfer function data E.As shown in Figure 6, Maximum 77 is in the local maximum between two neighbouring local minima 59.Maximum 77 can be by analyzing first Transfer function data Hlog identifies.That is, the second transfer function data the function represented corresponds to curve 79, and curve 79 passes through The adjacent maxima that is connected to each other 77 obtains.In one embodiment, by using maximum 77 as fulcrum and/or by that This function connecting adjacent maximum generation can use suitable numerical method such as low-pass filtering to smooth.Such as move Average algorithm such as exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) can be used to smooth function.When calculating the second transmission function according to this embodiment During data, obtain the curve 79 in Fig. 6.
According to the second modification, step 75 is by leading by the first transfer function data Hlog or from the first transfer function data The data (derivation data) gone out fit to represent the transmission function 57a's of the telecommunication line 13 not having any bridge tap 45,53 Curve 81, determines the second transfer function data E.Derive data to calculate as fulcrum by using maximum 77 Data, such as, the data of described derivation correspond to the curve 79 of maximum 77 acquisition being connected to each other adjacent.Change speech It, use the embodiment according to the second modification deriving data at least substantially correspond to above-mentioned first modification, wherein smooth quilt Replace with matching.That is, the second transfer function data E can by be connected to each other maximum 77 and then will produce derivation number Obtain according to the curve 81 fitting to represent the transmission function 57a of the telecommunication line 13 not having any bridge tap 45,53.
Curve 81 can use any mathematical model to model, and preferably has the function that the index of decay runs.? In one embodiment, mathematical model includes fitting parameter such as attenuation factor k and/or depends on telecommunication line 13 to be modeled The length value L of length.In one embodiment, length value L refers to the length of telecommunication line 13.In one exemplary embodiment, Curve 57a can be by following modeling.
E (f, L)=20 log10(|e-γ(f)·L)|) (5)
Wherein, propagation constant γ depends on frequency f and can be by such as getting off to approach:
γ ( f ) = k · f + i · 2 π f c - - - ( 6 )
Wherein c is phase velocity (usual c=2e8m/s).
In order to the data by the first transfer function data Hlog or from the first transfer function data Hlog derivation fit to Representing the curve e (f, L) of the transmission function of the telecommunication line 13 not having any bridge tap 45,53, fitting parameter k, L are optimised Make by transfer function data Hlog or by the transmission through measuring described by the data of the first transfer function data Hlog derivation The envelope of function 57 is similar to the curve of modeling.To this end, any suitable numerical method can be applied；Such as regression technique, such as Nonlinear regression can be used in the predictive value of fitting parameter k, L.Depict the product using this approximating method to generate in figure 6 Raw imaginary curve 81.
Bridge tap detection block 69 uses to be measured with result Hlog of analysis block 67, E in determining telecommunication line 13 to be No there is bridge tap 45,53.The step 83 of detection block 69 such as by calculating difference between each transfer function data Hlog, E, The second transfer function data E is deducted from the first transfer function H log.Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrates the difference transmission function of generation D。
The branch 85 of detection block 69 checks whether difference transmission function D has the local minimum 59 that regular intervals is opened.As Fruit is (Y), then perform to identify that the step of frame 71 is to determine the type of detected bridge tap.Otherwise (N) method 65 is certainly Determine telecommunication line 13 and there is no bridge tap (step 87).
It should be noted that, the invention is not restricted to shown exemplary detection frame 69.Detection block 69 can be real in a different manner Existing.Such as, branch 85 can with direct analysis the first transfer function data Hlog non-differential transfer function data E, in order to determine Whether there is the local minimum 59 that regular intervals is opened.
In one embodiment, identify that the step 91 of frame 71 calculates at least one feature of local minimum 59, such as office The depth H of portion's minima 59 and the width W of local minimum 59.In one embodiment, depth H is by transmitting function from difference The amplitude of the global maximum of D deducts the amplitude of difference transmission function D at local minimum 59 and calculates.In illustrated embodiment In, the amplitude of the global maximum of difference transmission function D is 0dB.Therefore, the first local minimum 59 shown in Fig. 7 has Depth H=22dB.
What the width W of at least one local minimum 59 can be determined by difference transmission function D is declining the of slope Distance a little and between the second point of acclivity calculates, and local minimum 59 is between these slopes.Can select Selecting at first and second makes difference transmission function D have predefined level at first and second.In illustrated embodiment In, this level is-3dB.This so-called 3dB width of the first local minimum 59 shown in Fig. 7 is W=1.6MHz.
Fig. 8 shows the exemplary difference transmission function D assuming single conductor bridge tap 53.Width W=350kHz and Depth H=6dB is much smaller than depth H and the width of the local minimum 59 caused bridge tap 45 by the wire shown in Fig. 7 W。
The feature of local minimum 59 can compare with predefined threshold value, and depends on this result of the comparison, Method 65 may decide that bridge tap is that wire is to bridge tap 45 or single conductor bridge tap 53.For example, it is possible to definition is used In threshold value ThH of depth and width, the ThW of local minimum 59, and enter with the depth H calculated and the width W calculated Row compares.If these values are more than respective threshold value, then type identification frame 71 supposes that bridge tap is that wire is to bridge tap 45, if i.e. H > ThH and W > ThW.Otherwise, identify that frame 71 supposes single conductor bridge tap 53.
According to another embodiment, identify that frame 71 includes based on the information simulation electricity about the bridge tap of detection in frame 69 Letter circuit 13.It is, for example possible to use fitting parameter L, k and/or use equation (4) tap length Lt predicted so that analog telecommunications Circuit 13.In this embodiment based on simulation, it is convenient to omit be used for calculating feature H, W and by them with respective threshold value ThH, The above-mentioned steps 91 that ThW compares.
Identify that frame 71 can include the step 93 of length Lt for predicting bridge tap 45,53 and for determining for mould Intend the step 95 of the analog parameter of telecommunication line 13.In the embodiment shown, analog parameter corresponds to length value L and attenuation factor k.These values L, k can determine during above-mentioned fit procedure.In other words, at least one parameter in analog parameter is corresponding to intending Close at least one parameter in parameter L, k.
Additionally, identify that frame 71 has the simulation steps 97 for analog telecommunications circuit 13.In one embodiment, simulation step Rapid 97 computational representations have the wire the first analog transfer function (being similar to curve 57b) to the telecommunication line 13 of bridge tap 45 The first analog transfer function data SHlog1.Additionally, step 97 can include characterizing the telecommunications with single conductor bridge tap Second analog transfer function data SHlog2 of second analog transfer function (being similar to curve 57c) of circuit 13.In shown reality Executing in example, analog transfer function data SHlog1, two parts of SHlog2 depend on length Lt of bridge tap 45,53, circuit Length value L and/or attenuation factor k calculate.In one embodiment, two analog transfer function data SHlog1, SHlog2 Can be calculated by two continuous print dry runs.
In one embodiment, identifying that frame 71 includes comparison step 99.This comparison step 99 determines by the first transmission At least one feature and two simulations of the local minimum 59 of the transmission function through measuring that function data Hlog represents pass The identical feature of delivery function SHlog1 with SHlog2.This at least one feature can include local minimum 59 depth H and/ Or width W.Additionally, step 99 will be by being transmitted at least the one of function by what the first transfer function data Hlog characterized through measure Individual feature H, W and two analog transfer function SHlog1, feature H of SHlog2, W are compared to determine the class of bridge tap Type.In the embodiment shown, comparison step 99 distinguishes two distinct types of bridge tap, i.e. wire to bridge tap 45 and list Wire bridge tap 53.In other words, step 99 depends on the biography characterized by each transfer function data Hlog, SHlog1, SHlog2 Feature H of delivery function, W determine to be the first analog transfer function or the second analog transfer function is more closely similar to by transmission function number The transmission function through measuring represented according to Hlog.But, in other embodiments, it is possible to use for comparison function and/or use In the distinct methods determining its similarity.For example, it is possible to for every a pair (Hlog, SHlog1) to be considered, (Hlog, SHlog2) define and computational mathematics similarity measurement.
In the embodiment shown, for example, it is possible to perform the comparison of step 99 as follows.If measured local minimum 3dB width and the degree of depth are respectively WMAnd HM.In the case of wire is to bridge tap 45, local minimum 59 simulated deep Degree and width are respectively WBTAnd HBT.At the situation of single conductor bridge tap 53, the degree of depth simulated of local minimum 59 and width Degree is respectively WSWAnd HSW.(W, H) space represents the point of the measured size of local minimum 59 and that representative is simulated is big Little distance d between 2 can be measured.Distance d can be weighted in case the Different Dynamic scope of complementary characteristics W and H also And can be as defined as follows.
d [ ( W 0 , H 0 ) ; ( W 1 , H 1 ) ] = ( W 0 - W 1 α ) 2 + ( H 0 - H 1 β ) 2 - - - ( 7 )
Weight that symbol α and β are used to and can being selected as
α=fmax-fmin, (8)
I.e. frequency range, transmission function 57 can be calculated on this and
β=H logmax-H logmin, (9)
The i.e. dynamic range of the transmission function 57 through measuring.Therefore, can be false in step 99 during following formula establishment that and if only if Order wire bridge tap 53:
d[(WM, HM)；(WSW, HSW)] ＜ d [(WM, HM)；(WBT, HBT)]. (10)
Above description relates to transmitting function and characterizing the transfer function data of each transmission function.Term " characterizes " at context Middle use is to point out transmission function that is that represented or that describe by each transfer function data.Transfer function data can be can It is stored in the data of computer, such as multiple samples of the transmission function under multiple discrete frequencies.Transmission function sample Amplitude can represent with logarithmic scale and/or store.As result, the first transfer function data Hlog and the second transmission function number Depend on the transmission function through measuring according to E and analog transfer function depends on the analog transfer function data generated by step 97 SHlog1、SHlog2。
In a word, method 65 and equipment described herein consider not only the bridge tap reliably detected in telecommunication line 13 Existence, it is also contemplated that determine the type of bridge tap.At the network being installed in the internal wiring of user by Virtual network operator In the case of termination circuit has the electric characteristic of single conductor bridge tap 53, determine whether certain bridge tap is single conductor bridge joint Tap 53 is useful especially.Method 65 is therefore in view of being distinguished with undesirable bridge tap by network termination circuit.Make For as a result, it is possible to avoid the reparation suggestion of false alarm and mistake to be given to those skilled in the art.Avoid false alarm and The suggestion of repairing of mistake reduces the operation cost of Virtual network operator.
Fig. 9 illustrates the first line head joint equipment 101 being installed in wall socket 103.Wall socket 103 is commonly installed In user side 21.Wall socket 103 can be connected to the second socket 107 in the way of using inside cable 105.As shown in Figure 9, Line termination device 101 has the line termination circuit with RC circuit form, and two electric conductors 15a, 15b are connected with each other by it. But, between the first electric conductor 15a and a pin of wall socket 103, there is extra direct electrical connection.As knot Really, the wire 109 of the inside cable 105 being connected with each other by two sockets 103,107 forms single conductor bridge tap 53.Shown in Fig. 9 Line termination device 101 be well used in France.But at country variant or by heterogeneous networks operator, can use Different types of line termination device.
Figure 10 illustrates another example of line termination device 111, and this line termination device 111 is connected conductor to 15 Two electric conductors 15a, 15b between.Being similar to the line termination device 101 shown in Fig. 9, another line termination device 111 has There is the RC circuit connected between electric conductor 15a, 15b.But, telephone ringer wire is connected the resistor R of RC circuit And between capacitor C.At high frequencies, such as belonging to the frequency of DSL frequency range, capacitor shows as short circuit.As result, ring Device wire 113 forms the single conductor bridge tap 53 in user's internal wiring.

Claims (26)

1. the method (65) being used for detecting the bridge tap (45,53) in telecommunication line (13), described method (65) including:
-determine that (73) characterize first transfer function data (Hlog) of the actual transfer function (57) of described telecommunication line；And
-depend on described first transfer function data (Hlog), detection (69) described bridge tap (45,53)；
Wherein said method (65) including:
-result based on described detection (Lt, L, k), simulation (97) described telecommunication line (13)；And
-by the result of described simulation (SHlog1, SHlog2) is compared with described first transfer function data (Hlog), Identify the type (T) of (99) described bridge tap (45,53).
Method the most according to claim 1 (65), the described type of wherein said bridge tap includes that single conductor bridge joint is taken out Head (53) and wire are to bridge tap (45), and/or the described type (T) of wherein said identification (99) described bridge tap includes Determine that the bridge tap that detected is that single conductor bridge tap (53) or wire are to bridge tap (99).
Method the most according to claim 1 and 2 (65), wherein said detection (69) described bridge tap (45,53) includes Determine at least one feature of detected bridge tap (45,53), the length of the most described bridge tap (45,53) (Lt)。
Method the most according to claim 3 (65), wherein said simulation comprises provide that described bridge tap is that wire is to bridge Connect tap (45), calculate the first simulation transmission that (97) characterize first analog transfer function (57b) of described telecommunication line (13) Function (SHlog1) data, described calculating (97) depends at least one feature described of identified bridge tap (45,53), Preferably rely upon the described length (Lt) of identified bridge tap (45,53), and described identification (99) described bridge joint is taken out The described type of head depends on described first transfer function data (Hlog) and described first analog transfer function data (SHlog1)。
Method the most according to claim 3 (65), wherein said method (65) comprises provide that single conductor bridge tap (53), Calculate the second analog transfer function data that (97) characterize second analog transfer function (57c) of described telecommunication line (13) (SHlog2), described calculating (97) depends at least one feature described of identified bridge tap (45,53), preferably depends on Rely in the described length (Lt) of the bridge tap (45,53) identified, and wherein said identification (99) described bridge tap Described type depends on described second analog transfer function data (SHlog2).
Method the most according to claim 1 and 2 (65), wherein said method (65) includes depending on the first transmission function number Determining (75) second transfer function data (E) according to (Hlog), described second transfer function data (E) characterizes does not has any bridge joint to take out Second transmission function (79,81) of the described telecommunication line (13) of head (45,53), and described detection (69) described bridge tap (45,53) depend on described first transfer function data (Hlog) and described second transfer function data (E).
Method the most according to claim 6 (65), wherein determines that (75) described second transfer function data (E) includes identifying Maximum (77) and these maximums of use (77) conduct in described actual transfer function (57) are used for calculating described second and pass The fulcrum of delivery function data (E).
Method the most according to claim 7 (65), wherein determines that (75) described second transfer function data (E) includes smoothing The function characterized by described second transfer function data (E).
Method the most according to claim 6 (65), wherein determines that described second transfer function data (E) includes described One transfer function data (Hlog) or the data derived by described first transfer function data (Hlog) fit to representative and do not have The curve (79) of the described transmission function of the described telecommunication line (13) of any bridge tap (45,57).
Method the most according to claim 9 (65), wherein said curve (79) has the index of decay and runs and described The fitting parameter of curve (79) includes attenuation factor (k) and/or length value (L), and described length value (L) depends on described Telecommunication Lines The described length on road.
11. methods according to claim 6 (65), wherein detection (69) bridge tap (45,53) includes preferably passing through Described second transfer function data (E) is deducted or by from described second transmission from described first transfer function data (Hlog) Function data (E) deducts described first transfer function data (Hlog), calculates (83) two transmission functions (57；79,81) Difference.
12. methods according to claim 6 (65), wherein said method (65) includes depending on described first transmission function (57) and/or described second transmission function (79,81), preferably rely upon the difference of two transfer function data (E, Hlog), Calculate the length (Lt) of described bridge tap (45,53).
13. methods according to claim 9 (65), the described simulation (97) of wherein said telecommunication line (13) depends on institute State curve at least one fitting parameter (L, k) and/or the length (Lt) of described bridge tap (45,53) that calculated.
14. 1 kinds of equipment (17,19,39) being used for detecting the bridge tap (45,53) in telecommunication line (13), described equipment (17,19,39) including:
-first transfer function data (Hlog) of actual transfer function (57) that is used for determining that (73) characterize described telecommunication line Device；And
-be used for depending on described first transfer function data (Hlog) and detect the device of (69) described bridge tap (45,53)；
Wherein said equipment (17,19,39) including:
-for result based on described detection, (Lt, L k) simulate the device of (97) described telecommunication line (13)；And
-for by the result (SHlog1, SHlog2) of described simulation is carried out with described first transfer function data (Hlog) Relatively identify the device of the type (T) of (99) described bridge tap (45,53).
15. equipment according to claim 14 (17,19,39), the described type of wherein said bridge tap includes singly leading Line bridge tap (53) and wire are to bridge tap (45), and/or the described class of wherein said identification (99) described bridge tap Type (T) includes determining that the bridge tap that detected is that single conductor bridge tap (53) or wire are to bridge tap (99).
16. according to the equipment (17,19,39) described in claims 14 or 15, is wherein used for detecting (69) described bridge tap The described device of (45,53) includes at least one feature for determining detected bridge tap (45,53), preferably institute State the device of the length (Lt) of bridge tap (45,53).
17. equipment according to claim 16 (17,19,39), wherein the described device for simulation comprises provide that described Bridge tap is wire to bridge tap (45), is used for calculating (97) and characterizes the first simulation transmission letter of described telecommunication line (13) The device of the first analog transfer function (SHlog1) data of number (57b), is used for calculating the described device of (97) and depends on and known At least one feature described of other bridge tap (45,53), preferably relies upon the institute of identified bridge tap (45,53) State length (Lt), and be used for identifying that the device of the described type of (99) described bridge tap depends on described first transmission function Data (Hlog) and described first analog transfer function data (SHlog1).
18. equipment according to claim 16 (17,19,39), wherein said equipment (17,19,39) comprises provide that singly leads Line bridge tap (53), is used for calculating the second of the second analog transfer function (57c) that (97) characterize described telecommunication line (13) The device of analog transfer function data (SHlog2), the described device being used for calculating (97) depends on identified bridge tap At least one feature described of (45,53), preferably relies upon the described length (Lt) of identified bridge tap (45,53), And wherein it is used for identifying that the described device of the described type of (99) described bridge tap depends on described second simulation transmission letter Number data (SHlog2).
19. according to the equipment (17,19,39) described in claims 14 or 15, wherein said equipment (17,19,39) include for Depend on the first transfer function data (Hlog) and determine the device of (75) second transfer function data (E), described second transmission letter Number data (E) characterizes the second transmission function (79,81) of the described telecommunication line (13) not having any bridge tap (45,53), And the described device being used for detecting (69) described bridge tap (45,53) depends on described first transfer function data (Hlog) With described second transfer function data (E).
20. equipment according to claim 19 (17,19,39), are wherein used for determining (75) described second transmission function number Include the maximum (77) in identifying described actual transfer function (57) according to the described device of (E) and use these maximums (77) as being used for calculating the device of the fulcrum of described second transfer function data (E).
21. equipment according to claim 20 (17,19,39), are wherein used for determining (75) described second transmission function number The device for the smooth function characterized by described second transfer function data (E) is included according to the described device of (E).
22. equipment according to claim 19 (17,19,39), are wherein used for determining described second transfer function data (E) Described device include for by described first transfer function data (Hlog) or by described first transfer function data (Hlog) data derived fit to the described transmission that representative does not has the described telecommunication line (13) of any bridge tap (45,57) The device of the curve (79) of function.
23. equipment according to claim 22 (17,19,39), wherein said curve (79) has the index of decay and runs And the fitting parameter of described curve (79) includes attenuation factor (k) and/or length value (L), described length value (L) depends on institute State the described length of telecommunication line.
24. equipment according to claim 19 (17,19,39), are wherein used for detecting the institute of (69) bridge tap (45,53) State device to include for preferably by deducting described second transfer function data from described first transfer function data (Hlog) (E) or by deducting described first transfer function data (Hlog) from described second transfer function data (E), (83) are calculated Two transmission functions (57；79,81) device of difference.
25. equipment according to claim 19 (17,19,39), wherein said equipment (17,19,39) includes for relying on Transmit function (57) and/or described second transmission function (79,81) in described first, preferably rely upon two transmission function numbers According to the difference of (E, Hlog), calculate the device of the length (Lt) of described bridge tap (45,53).
26. equipment according to claim 22 (17,19,39), wherein for the described simulation of described telecommunication line (13) (97) described device depend on described curve at least one fitting parameter (L, k) and/or the described bridge tap that calculated The length (Lt) of (45,53).
CN201380030853.3A 2012-06-13 2013-05-22 The method and apparatus of the bridge tap in detecting telecommunication line Expired - Fee Related CN104365025B (en)

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