CN104325136A - Metal powder as well as preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Metal powder as well as preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a metal powder as well as a preparation method and application of the metal powder. The metal powder has the particle size range of 0-150 mu m, the spheroidization rate of 93-99%, the apparent density of 49-65% and the oxygen content of less than 800ppm. The preparation method comprises the following steps; (A) melting metal raw material melt liquid, carrying out atomization on the melt liquid by inert gas through a tightly-coupled atomization method, and rapidly cooling to obtain the metal powder; (B) evenly mixing the metal powder, screening the mixed metal powder by a screen with the aperture of 100-150 mu m for a first time to obtain the metal powder, collecting the metal powder within the different particle size ranges, and measuring the average particle size; and (C) testing the spheroidization rate, apparent density and oxygen content of the metal powder treated by the previous steps, and storing. The metal powder is mainly applied to solid freeform fabrication, and has the advantages of being high in subdivision rate, high in degree of sphericity, low in oxygen content, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of material preparation, in particular to a kind of metal dust and its preparation method and application.
Background technology
Solid freeform technology is described as the new technology by bringing " the third time industrial revolution ", in existing solid freeform technology, commanding elevation is the direct manufacturing technology of metal parts, usually metal 3D printing technique or metal increasing material manufacturing technology is also referred to as, comprise: selective laser melting technology (Selective Laser Melting, SLM), shaping (the Direct Metal Laser Sintering of direct metal laser sintering, DMLS), selective laser sintering (Selective Laser Sintering, and shaping (the Electron Beam Melting of electron-beam melting SLS), EBM), this several technology is the main flow metal RP technique in recent years occurred, it is rapid prototype manufacturing (Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing, RP & M) one of latest development form, operation principle is that applying hierarchical manufactures thought, high energy laser beam or electron beam is utilized successively to be melted by powder and are formed as metal parts, there is making complex-shaped, relatively fine and close high, save the advantages such as material.
The preparation of solid freeform special-purpose metal powder be unable to do without multi-disciplinary intersection and coordinates, comprise, powder by atomization is theoretical, bulk density is theoretical, material surface science, powder metallurgy etc., for the standard that the characterisitic parameter of this type of special powder is never unified, the metal 3D of domestic main management prints enterprise and also mainly relies on external metal dust.And the domestic research relative progress for this type of metal dust is slow, but more the failing of the producer of domestic this type of powder of research and development mates metal 3D printing technique completely, metal dust metal injection molded or that thermal spraying is used is used on precinct laser or electron-beam melting equipment by many producers, but performance is extremely not good, problems such as comprising flow of powder performance poor, shaping density is low, laser irradiation splashes, oxygen content value is high.
Therefore, how preparing a kind of indices, all to meet the special metal dust of 3D printing technique be technical problem nowadays urgently to be resolved hurrily.
In view of this, special proposition the present invention.
In prior art, a lot of company adopts water atomization or jejune aerosolization to print special-purpose metal powder to manufacture 3D to reduce costs, result creates various defects, be not suitable for very much metal 3D to print, Al alloy powder prepared by such as water atomization, namely allows to prepare spherical powder, but it is serious to reunite, not only make to print technique activity time to extend, the drip molding outward appearance after simultaneously printing and the non-constant of performance, jejune gas-atomized powder can cause the oxygen content of 3D printing special powder higher, oxygen content raises, finished parts are very easily oxidized, on the other hand, in powder, residual assorted oxide also can cause liquid metal to be oxidized under high temperature action, thus the surface tension in liquid phase molten bath is increased, increase spherical effect, the inert gas close coupling powder by atomization method that the embodiment of the present invention adopts, under special parameter agreed terms, overcome the problems in the past existed, simultaneously close coupling powder by atomization can change the granularity allocation situation of powder by the change of pressure and the degree of superheat, and change powder surface pattern, metal powder surface is made to have certain roughness, the existence of powder surface roughness can lifting at double to the absorbability of laser.
Preferably, in described step (B), carried out by described metal dust adopting mixed powder machine to mix in the step mixed, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, incorporation time controls at 30-90min, and the size controlling of described metal dust is at 0-300 μm.After being mixed by mixed powder machine, its uniformity coefficient reaches more than 99%.
Preferably, in described step (B), adopt vibrating screen classifier to sieve when sieving, the FREQUENCY CONTROL of vibrating screen classifier is at 20-100s
-1and carry out under inert gas shielding, inert gas shielding is to prevent metal dust oxidized.
Preferably, the time of vibration of described vibrating screen classifier is 1-2h.
Preferably, in described step (B), screen-aperture is adopted to be that the screen cloth of 50-80 μm carries out second time and sieves after carrying out first time screening, obtaining particle size range is 0-60 μm, 0-70 μm, 0-80 μm, 50-100 μm, 50-110 μm, 50-120 μm, 50-130 μm, the metal dust of 50-140 μm and 50-150 μm, the metal dust of the particle size range between sieving for the first time after screening for the second time and sieving for the second time all can as the use of 3D printing technique with the metal dust of the particle size range after sieving for the second time, these size distribution meet electron beam technology layer thicknesses, sweep speed, the isoparametric formulation of power.Wherein the particle diameter of less than 80 μm is applicable to SLM technology, and Large stone scope be more suitable for EBM technology.
Preferably, in described step (B), carrying out first time screening and second time, sieve the rear screen-aperture that adopts be that the screen cloth of 10-30 μm carries out third time and sieves, obtaining particle size range is 10-60 μm, 10-70 μm, 10-80 μm, 20-60 μm, 20-70 μm, 20-80 μm, 30-60 μm, the metal dust of 30-70 μm and 30-80 μm, the metal dust of the particle size range between sieving for the second time after screening for the third time and sieving for the third time can as the use of 3D printing technique, these size distribution meet precinct laser forming technology layer thicknesses, sweep speed, power and the isoparametric selection of spot diameter.
Due to metal dust meticulous when, surface-active is larger, easily produces reunion, can affect follow-up use time mobility and density, therefore different according to the kind of alloy powder, for some metal dust, meticulous powder needs further to sieve.
Preferably, in described step (C), carry out under being packaged in the condition of inert gas shielding, inert gas shielding is to prevent metal dust oxidized.
Preferably, described inert gas is one or both in argon gas, helium.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides the application of a kind of described metal dust on entity free forming manufactures.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the metal dust good flowing properties prepared, have good accumulation and spreading property, there is rational particle size distribution;
(2) by screening, the restriction of the steps such as fluidizing performance parameter of test metal dust better characterizes the advantage that this kind of special 3D prints the character of powder, and the operation parameter restriction for this powder provides can the data of reference;
(3) metal dust has that segmentation rate is high, sphericity is high, oxygen content is low, the advantages such as reunion can not occur;
(4) filled up the manufacturing gap of domestic metal solid free forming special-purpose metal powder, after using metal dust of the present invention to carry out 3D processes, formation of parts surface zero defect, roughness is lower, and density reaches more than 99%.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of metal dust, and this metal dust has the advantages such as segmentation rate is high, sphericity is high, oxygen content is low.
The steps such as the second object of the present invention is the preparation method providing a kind of metal dust, and described preparation method has by screening, the fluidizing performance parameter of test metal dust better characterize the advantage of the character of this kind of special powder.
The third object of the present invention is the application providing a kind of metal dust, and this metal dust is applied in entity shaping manufacturing technology, and indices all well meets standard-required.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
Embodiments provide a kind of metal dust, the particle size range of described metal dust is 0-150 μm, and Oxygen potential is 93-99%, and described apparent density is 49-65%, and described oxygen content is at below 800ppm.
Preferably, the particle size range of described metal dust is 50-150 μm.
Preferably, the particle size range of described metal dust is 0-80 μm.
Preferably, the particle size range of described metal dust is 10-80 μm.
The metal dust that the embodiment of the present invention provides, all gives suitable scope by the restriction of parameters, for the research of this area to the performance of solid freeform technology-specific powder is laid a good foundation, gives theoretical support.
What often studied in metallurgical technology process is the tap density of powder in the past, add other certain materials to reach required metallurgical reaction and effect simultaneously, but in SLM technical process, what implement is a kind of dynamic powder metallurgy process, rely on this series of process action to complete after sprawling one deck powder completely to sprawl, in the process of laser fusion, it is almost physical change process completely, do not allow the existence of chemical reaction, so it is desirable that a kind of dynamically to static flowing, sprawl and bulk property, namely so-called apparent density, but apparent density is not be the bigger the better, apparent density excessive after deliberation can affect mobile performance, not easily realize the densified of drip molding simultaneously, splashing of fusion process can be caused simultaneously, therefore the apparent density scope be suitable for is needed, in addition, domestic do not have systematic research to the characteristic of 3D printing special-purpose metal powder, comprise the Oxygen potential of this type of powder and the restriction of flowability properties parameter, the present invention has just in time filled up the blank of this technology.
Preferably, Oxygen potential grading limited range is as follows: more than 96% is A level, and 88-96% is B level, 80-88% is C level, being less than 70-80% is D level, be less than 70% be then not suitable for 3D printing technique use, this Oxygen potential grading index undertaken simulating obtaining by APP software.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of preparation method of metal dust, and it comprises the steps:
(A) raw metal is fused into liquation, after being adopted by described liquation inert gas close coupling atomization method to be atomized, be cooled to metal dust fast, wherein atomizing pressure is 1-7MPa;
(B) screen cloth described metal dust being carried out mix, with screen-aperture be 100-150 μm carries out that first time screening obtains that particle size range is 0-150 μm, 0-140 μm, 0-130 μm, 0-120 μm, 0-110 μm and 0-100 μm metal dust, the metal dust within the scope of different-grain diameter is collected and measures its average grain diameter;
(C), after the Oxygen potential of the metal dust obtained after above-mentioned steps process, apparent density, oxygen content being tested, carry out packing and preserving under lucifuge low temperature environment.
The preparation method of the metal dust that the embodiment of the present invention provides, first by the mode of melting, bar or small-sized material to be fused into molten drop, what make metal or alloy flow stabilizes enters in atomizer, adopt the alloyed spherical powder prepared by close coupling powder by atomization, segmentation rate is high, sphericity is high, oxygen content is low, powder by atomization is the preparation that 3D prints special-purpose metal powder in fact, in fact according to bulk density theory and powder metallurgy, fine powder prepared by simple powder by atomization can not absolutely mate in metal 3D prints, certain powder morphology must be ensured according to atomizing pressure and follow-up mixed powder homogeneity, certain particle size range is met by certain screening proportioning, theoretical according to bulk density, the screening of the powder particle of critical dimension is placed in an optimum scope, coordinate certain superfine powder, guarantee certain mobile performance, the metal dust physical characteristic prepared like this is relatively better, performance is also more stable simultaneously, the powder utilizing this type of mode to manufacture can meet SLS, SLM and EBM technology.
Preferably, in described step (A), carry out in atomization process, the delivery rate of liquation is 5-15g/s, and the ejection speed of medium is 500-1500m
3/ h, the degree of superheat controls at 1-250 DEG C.
Preferably, the nozzle of described atomizer is close coupled type, and before entering atomizer, adopt aperture to be that liquation bleeds in atomizer by the bottom pour ladle of 5mm, atomization steps of the present invention also can adopt other gas atomization modes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art below.
Fig. 1 is titanium alloy powder scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by the embodiment of the present invention two;
Fig. 2 is the particulate scan Electronic Speculum figure in the titanium alloy powder of the embodiment of the present invention two preparation;
Fig. 3 is 316L powder of stainless steel scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by the embodiment of the present invention three;
Fig. 4 is 18Ni300 martensite ag(e)ing powdered steel scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by the embodiment of the present invention four;
Fig. 5 is the particulate scan Electronic Speculum figure in the 18Ni300 martensite ag(e)ing powdered steel of the embodiment of the present invention four preparation;
Fig. 6 is Ni718 alloy powder scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by the embodiment of the present invention five;
Fig. 7 is AlSi10Mg alloy powder scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph prepared by the embodiment of the present invention six.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, be and can buy by commercially available the conventional products obtained.
Embodiment 1
Entity free forming manufactures the preparation method of special titanium alloy powder:
(1) titanium alloy rod bar is dropped in frequency sense coil, at the temperature of 1700-1850 DEG C, be melt into molten metal;
(2) bleed in atomizer by molten metal with the bottom pour ladle that the flow via hole diameter of 15g/s is 5mm, be atomized, atomization adopts high-purity argon gas as atomization gas, nozzle is close coupled type, during atomization, pressure is 1.0MPa, and the degree of superheat is 150 DEG C, and medium discharge rate is 1500m
3/ h; Atomization is placed in argon gas and cools fast, obtains titanium alloy powder;
(3) titanium alloy powder is carried out mixed powder, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, and the mixed powder time is 90min, and the size controlling of titanium alloy powder is at 0-300 μm, and after mixed powder, uniformity coefficient is 99.5%;
(4) titanium alloy powder is carried out vibrosieve, be one deck screen cloth, mesh size is 150 μm, and pass into high-purity argon gas protection, vibration frequency controls at 20-100s
-1, time of vibration is 1-2h, obtains the titanium alloy powder of the particle size range of 0-150 μm and collects;
(5) detect gained titanium alloy powder, oxygen content is at 800ppm, and the average grain diameter of the titanium alloy powder received is 92 μm, is applicable to EBM technology, and sphericity is 98.7% is A level, and apparent density is 49%;
(6) pack under helium protection, preserve under lucifuge low temperature environment.
Embodiment 2
Entity free forming manufactures the preparation method of special titanium alloy powder:
(1) titanium alloy rod bar is dropped in frequency sense coil, at the temperature of 1700-1850 DEG C, be melt into molten metal;
(2) bleed in atomizer by molten metal with the bottom pour ladle that the flow via hole diameter of 15g/s is 5mm, be atomized, atomization adopts high-purity argon gas as atomization gas, nozzle is close coupled type, during atomization, pressure is 1.0MPa, and the degree of superheat is 150 DEG C, and medium discharge rate is 1500m
3/ h; Atomization is placed in argon gas and cools fast, obtains titanium alloy powder;
(3) titanium alloy powder is carried out mixed powder, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, and the mixed powder time is 90min, and the size controlling of titanium alloy powder is at 0-300 μm, and after mixed powder, uniformity coefficient is 99.5%;
(4) titanium alloy powder is carried out vibrosieve, be divided into two-layer screen cloth, ground floor mesh size is 100 μm, and second layer mesh size is 50 μm, and pass into high-purity argon gas protection, vibration frequency controls at 20-100s
-1, time of vibration is 1-2h, obtains 0-50 μm, the titanium alloy powder of the particle size range of 50-100 μm respectively;
(5) by 800 object screen clothes after being collected by the titanium alloy powder of 0-60 μm, the fine powder of more than 800 orders is fallen in screening, obtains the spherical titanium alloyed powder that SLM is special;
(6) gained titanium alloy powder is detected, oxygen content is at 800ppm, the average grain diameter of the titanium alloy powder received between one deck screen cloth and two layers of screen cloth is 73 μm, second screen cloth divides the titanium alloy powder average grain diameter of getting off to be 37 μm, sphericity is 98.7% is A level, apparent density is 55.3%, and titanium alloy powder scanning electron microscopic picture and particulate scan electron microscopic picture are as depicted in figs. 1 and 2;
(7) pack under helium protection, preserve under lucifuge low temperature environment.
Embodiment 3
Entity free forming manufactures the preparation method of special 316L powder of stainless steel:
(1) 316L stainless steel raw material are entered in high-frequency vacuum induction furnace, at the temperature of 1600-1650 DEG C, be melt into molten metal;
(2) bleed in atomizer by molten metal with the bottom pour ladle that the flow via hole diameter of 5g/s is 5mm, be atomized, atomization adopts high-purity argon gas as atomization gas, nozzle is close coupled type, during atomization, pressure is 7.0MPa, and the degree of superheat is 100 DEG C, and medium discharge rate is 500m
3/ h; Atomization is placed in argon gas and cools fast, obtains 316L powder of stainless steel;
(3) 316L powder of stainless steel is carried out mixed powder, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, the mixed powder time be the size controlling of 30min, 316L powder of stainless steel at 0-300 μm, after mixed powder, uniformity coefficient is 99.3%;
(4) 316L powder of stainless steel is carried out vibrosieve, be divided into two-layer screen cloth, ground floor mesh size is 150 μm, and second layer mesh size is 80 μm, and pass into high-purity argon gas protection, vibration frequency controls at 20-100s
-1, time of vibration is 1-2h, obtains 0-80 μm, the 316L powder of stainless steel of the particle size range of 80-150 μm respectively, and collects the powder after screening;
(5) gained 316L powder of stainless steel is detected, oxygen content is at 708ppm, the average grain diameter of the 316L powder of stainless steel received between one deck screen cloth and two layers of screen cloth is 82 μm, be applicable to EBM technology, second screen cloth divides the 316L powder of stainless steel average grain diameter of getting off to be 35 μm, sphericity is 99.0% for A level, apparent density be 59.9%, 316L powder of stainless steel scanning electron microscopic picture as shown in Figure 3;
(6) pack under argon shield, preserve under lucifuge low temperature environment.
Embodiment 4
Entity free forming manufactures the preparation method of special 18Ni300 Maraging steel (MS1) powder:
(1) MS1 raw material are placed on melting in the vaccum sensitive stove being with crucible, at the temperature of 1590-1650 DEG C, are melt into molten metal;
(2) bleed in atomizer by molten metal with the bottom pour ladle that the flow via hole diameter of 8g/s is 5mm, be atomized, atomization adopts high-purity argon gas as atomization gas, nozzle is close coupled type, during atomization, pressure is 5.0MPa, and the degree of superheat is 120 DEG C, and medium discharge rate is 1000m
3/ h; Atomization is placed in argon gas and cools fast, obtains MS1 powder;
(3) MS1 powder is carried out mixed powder, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, the mixed powder time be the size controlling of 90min, MS1 powder at 0-300 μm, after mixed powder, uniformity coefficient is 100%;
(4) MS1 powder is carried out vibrosieve, be divided into three layers of screen cloth, ground floor mesh size is 130 μm, and second layer mesh size is 70 μm, and third layer mesh size is 10 μm, and pass into high-purity argon gas protection, vibration frequency controls at 20-100s
-1, time of vibration is 1-2h, obtains 10-70 μm, the MS1 powder of the particle size range of 70-130 μm respectively, and collects the powder after screening;
(5) gained MS1 powder is detected, oxygen content is at 210ppm, the average grain diameter of the MS1 powder received between one deck screen cloth and two layers of screen cloth is 99 μm, be applicable to EBM technology, the average grain diameter of the MS1 powder received between two layers of screen cloth and three layers of screen cloth is 38 μm, is highly suitable for SLM and SLS technology, and sphericity is 98.9% is A level, apparent density be 65.0%, MS1 powder scanning electron microscopic picture and particulate scan electron microscopic picture as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5;
(6) pack under argon shield, preserve under lucifuge low temperature environment.
Embodiment 5
Entity free forming manufactures the preparation method of special Ni718 alloy powder:
(1) Ni718 alloy material is placed on melting in vacuum arc furnace ignition, at the temperature of 1700-1850 DEG C, is melt into molten metal;
(2) bleed in atomizer by molten metal with the bottom pour ladle that the flow via hole diameter of 10g/s is 5mm, be atomized, atomization adopts high-purity argon gas as atomization gas, nozzle is close coupled type, during atomization, pressure is 3.5MPa, and the degree of superheat is 200 DEG C, and medium discharge rate is 1200m
3/ h; Atomization is placed in argon gas and cools fast, obtains Ni718 alloy powder;
(3) Ni718 alloy powder is carried out mixed powder, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, the mixed powder time be the size controlling of 90min, Ni718 alloy powder at 0-300 μm, after mixed powder, uniformity coefficient is 99.9%;
(4) Ni718 alloy powder is carried out vibrosieve, be divided into two layers of screen cloth, ground floor mesh size is 110 μm, and second layer mesh size is 65 μm, and pass into high-purity argon gas protection, vibration frequency controls at 20-100s
-1, time of vibration is 1-2h, obtains 0-65 μm, the Ni718 alloy powder of the particle size range of 65-110 μm respectively, and collects the powder after screening;
(5) gained Ni718 alloy powder is detected, oxygen content is at 800ppm, the average grain diameter of the Ni718 alloy powder received between one deck screen cloth and two layers of screen cloth is 83 μm, be applicable to EBM technology, the average grain diameter having crossed the Ni718 alloy powder of two layers of screen cloth is 33 μm, is highly suitable for SLM and SLS technology, and sphericity is 99.1% is A level, apparent density be 58.8%, Ni718 alloy powder scanning electron microscopic picture as shown in Figure 6;
(6) pack under argon shield, preserve under lucifuge low temperature environment.
Embodiment 6
Entity free forming manufactures the preparation method of special AlSi10Mg alloy powder:
(1) AlSi10Mg alloy material is dropped in frequency sense coil, at the temperature of 900-1100 DEG C, be melt into molten metal;
(2) bleed in atomizer by molten metal with the bottom pour ladle that the flow via hole diameter of 15g/s is 5mm, be atomized, atomization adopts high-purity argon gas as atomization gas, nozzle is close coupled type, during atomization, pressure is 1.9MPa, and the degree of superheat is 100 DEG C, and medium discharge rate is 1300m
3/ h; Atomization is placed in argon gas and cools fast, obtains AlSi10Mg alloy powder;
(3) AlSi10Mg alloy powder is carried out mixed powder, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, the mixed powder time be the size controlling of 65min, AlSi10Mg alloy powder at 0-300 μm, after mixed powder, uniformity coefficient is more than 98.5%;
(4) AlSi10Mg alloy powder is carried out vibrosieve, be divided into two layers of screen cloth, ground floor mesh size is 140 μm, and second layer mesh size is 75 μm, and pass into high-purity argon gas protection, vibration frequency controls at 20-100s
-1, time of vibration is 1-2h, obtains 0-75 μm, the AlSi10Mg alloy powder of the particle size range of 75-140 μm respectively, and collects the powder after screening;
(5) gained AlSi10Mg alloy powder is detected, oxygen content is at 408ppm, the average grain diameter of the AlSi10Mg alloy powder received between one deck screen cloth and two layers of screen cloth is 105 μm, be applicable to EBM technology, the average grain diameter having crossed the AlSi10Mg alloy powder of two layers of screen cloth is 33 μm, is highly suitable for SLM and SLS technology, and sphericity is 99.2% is A level, apparent density be 53.2%, AlSi10Mg alloy powder scanning electron microscopic picture as shown in Figure 7;
(6) pack under argon shield, preserve under lucifuge low temperature environment.
The preparation method of metal current powder is more, has rotation electrode, and plasma is atomized, rapid solidification method, centrifugal atomizing etc.; The structure difference of nozzle also divides free style and close coupled type; Also gas atomization and water atomization is had.The powder that wherein many powder manufacture methods prepare is not suitable for SLM, SLS and EBM, this programme: by the optimization of close coupling powder by atomization parameter, segmentation rate is improved, powder diameter is in controlled scope, inner without thermal induction cavity, oxygen content is low, steady quality, there is certain roughness on metal powder granulates surface simultaneously, from the absorptivity research of material for laser light, coarse alloy powder particle surface, can improve 4-8 doubly to laser absorption rate, be beneficial to the forming technology of precinct laser or electron beam; After close coupling powder by atomization, powder is by after mixing, impalpable powder, fine powder and medium powder are mixed fully, theoretical according to bulk density, reduce the porosity between particle, according to laser or electron beam forming technology, evenly mixed powder can make alloy powder have comparatively constant thermal absorptivity, the fusing amount of accurate control metal, change overall rheological property, formation liquid phase that can be even and stable, improves the dynamics of laser fusion; Powder is made to present distinctive size distribution within the specific limits by screening.
The present invention has filled up the manufacturing gap of domestic metal solid free forming special-purpose metal powder; by particle mixed and the screening of different section; successfully produce this type of special-purpose metal powder; the processing of electron beam forming technology is formed in by precinct laser fusion; reaching density is more than 99.6%; formation of parts surface zero defect, roughness is lower.
The present invention is not limited only to metal dust that is single or a kind, certain physics general character is had for all metal dusts, and powder by atomization and post processing say it is all belong to physical behavio(u)r in some sense, the difference prepared for alloy powder not of the same race is just the change of atomization parameter, and other preparation method, comprise mixing, screening, grading is all similar with the method for storage package, this kind of preparation method is also conducive to the variation of metal 3D printing, the classification that alloy or metal dust comprise is huge, comprise all spherical titanium base alloy powders, spherical pure titanium metal powder, all spherical iron based powders, spherical pure iron powder, spherical Ni-base Superalloy Powder, spherical pure nickel powder, spherical aluminum alloy powder, spherical fine aluminium powder, spherical cobalt-chromium alloy powder, spherical ti-ni shape memory alloy powder, spherical copper powder, spherical copper alloy powder, spherical gold powder, ball shape silver powder, spherical vanadium alloy powder, some row spherical alloy and the metal dusts such as spherical rare metal powder, the fusing point of these powder is lower than 2500 DEG C, mainly meet above-mentioned a series of flouring technology and compounding method, then all be applicable to metal 3D print.
Although illustrate and describe the present invention with specific embodiment, however it will be appreciated that can to make when not deviating from the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore, this means to comprise all such changes and modifications belonged in the scope of the invention in the following claims.
Claims (10)
1. a metal dust, is characterized in that, the particle size range of described metal dust is 0-150 μm, and Oxygen potential is 93-99%, and described apparent density is 49-65%, and described oxygen content is at below 800ppm.
2. a kind of metal dust according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle size range of described metal dust is 50-150 μm.
3. a kind of metal dust according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle size range of described metal dust is 0-80 μm.
4. a kind of metal dust according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the particle size range of described metal dust is 10-80 μm.
5. the preparation method of metal dust according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(A) raw metal is fused into liquation, after being adopted by described liquation inert gas close coupling atomization method to be atomized, be cooled to metal dust fast, wherein atomizing pressure is 1-7MPa;
(B) screen cloth described metal dust being carried out mix, with screen-aperture be 100-150 μm carries out that first time screening obtains that particle size range is 0-150 μm, 0-140 μm, 0-130 μm, 0-120 μm, 0-110 μm and 0-100 μm metal dust, the metal dust within the scope of different-grain diameter is collected and measures its average grain diameter;
(C), after the Oxygen potential of the metal dust obtained after above-mentioned steps process, apparent density, oxygen content being tested, carry out packing and preserving under lucifuge low temperature environment.
6. the preparation method of metal dust according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in described step (A), carries out in atomization process, and the delivery rate of liquation is 5-15g/s, and the ejection speed of medium is 500-1500m
3/ h, the degree of superheat controls at 1-250 DEG C.
7. the preparation method of metal dust according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step (B), described metal dust is carried out in the step mixed, adopt mixed powder machine to mix, the speed of mixed powder machine controls at 15-50rad/min, incorporation time controls at 30-90min, and the size controlling of described metal dust is at 0-300 μm.
8. the preparation method of metal dust according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in described step (B), adopt screen-aperture to be that the screen cloth of 50-80 μm carries out second time and sieves after carrying out first time screening, obtain that particle size range is 0-60 μm, 0-70 μm, 0-80 μm, 50-100 μm, 50-110 μm, 50-120 μm, 50-130 μm, 50-140 μm and 50-150 μm metal dust.
9. the preparation method of metal dust according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, in described step (B), carrying out first time screening and second time, sieve the rear screen-aperture that adopts be that the screen cloth of 10-30 μm carries out third time and sieves, obtain that particle size range is 10-60 μm, 10-70 μm, 10-80 μm, 20-60 μm, 20-70 μm, 20-80 μm, 30-60 μm, 30-70 μm and 30-80 μm metal dust.
10. the application of the metal dust described in any one of claim 1-4 on entity free forming manufactures.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN105397098A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 励福(江门)环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Ag powder for cold spraying |
| CN105397097A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-03-16 | 励福(江门)环保科技股份有限公司 | Preparation method of precious metal powder for 3D printing |
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| CN108588482A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-09-28 | 宝鸡钛程压力容器设备制造有限公司 | A kind of formula and preparation method of 3D printing titanium alloy powder |
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| CN110420854A (en) * | 2019-08-09 | 2019-11-08 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院有限公司 | The method for sieving of 3D printing powder |
| CN111702181A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-25 | 盘星新型合金材料(常州)有限公司 | Preparation method of titanium-aluminum alloy powder, titanium-aluminum alloy powder and application |
| CN114101663A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-03-01 | 西部宝德科技股份有限公司 | Spherical nickel powder and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114101663B (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-15 | 西部宝德科技股份有限公司 | Spherical nickel powder and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114589310A (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2022-06-07 | 晶高优材(北京)科技有限公司 | Preparation method of micron spherical silver powder |
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