CN104322311A - Seedling raising substrate for machine-transplanted seedling tray for hybrid rice - Google Patents
Seedling raising substrate for machine-transplanted seedling tray for hybrid rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN104322311A CN104322311A CN201410651194.1A CN201410651194A CN104322311A CN 104322311 A CN104322311 A CN 104322311A CN 201410651194 A CN201410651194 A CN 201410651194A CN 104322311 A CN104322311 A CN 104322311A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
Abstract
The invention provides a seedling raising substrate for a machine-transplanted seedling tray for hybrid rice. The seedling raising substrate is prepared from the following raw materials in part by weight: 50 to 60 parts of crop stalk with lower than 10 percent of water content, 21 to 30 parts of animal waste with lower than 10 percent of water content, 13 to 20 parts of substrate carrier and 1 to 2 parts of substrate synergist, wherein the substrate synergist consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 65 to 75 percent of calcium cyanamide, 15 to 25 percent of calcium superphosphate, 7 to 9 percent of sodium silicate, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of boron and zinc and 0.5 to 1.5 percent of bioactive fungicide; the bioactive fungicide is one or several of bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe and agricultural photosynthetic bacteria; the raw materials are composted and fermented for three times to form the seedling raising substrate for the machine-transplanted seedling tray for hybrid rice. The seedling raising substrate is comprehensive in nutrition, is suitable for mechanized seedling raising for the hybrid rice, and ensures that germination and rooting of rice seeds are quick, the planting percent is high and seedlings are robust.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seedling raising ground substance technical field, be specifically related to hybrid rice (containing super hybridization rice) vinyl disc seedling (containing hard disk, floppy disk) special seedling raising ground substance, be especially suitable for and cultivate the hybrid rice mechanization high speed rice transplanting rice shoot that sowing is even, seedling quality is good, the few and slotting rear survival rate of sowing quantity is high.
Background technology
Conventional Rice machine transplanting of rice floppy disk seedling sowing quantity is high, and Honda sowing quantity reaches 3 ~ 5kg/667m
2(semilate rice is 3kg, early rice 5kg), by 30, every mu of conventional Middle Rice dish, the seeding quantity of each dish reaches 100g/ dish, is equivalent to conventional land for growing field crops seedling planting amount 410.5kg/ mu (667 m
2); Calculate by thousand kernel weight 22g, close 4545.5/dish, by the area 1624cm often coiled
2calculate, close every cm
2premature rice 2.8, therefore sow more extensive, can be full by totally broadcasting easily, but uneven, there is " high heap ", also have " low nest ", emerge very rich, but seedling quality very poor (silk thread seedling and silk thread root), main dependence dense planting is slightly inserted and is realized high and stable yields (conventional Middle Rice transplanting spacing 5 × 7 cun, i.e. 16.7 × 23.3cm, 1.71 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu); Do not conform to completely with the agriculture requirement of hybrid rice.
Hybrid rice (containing super hybridization rice) seed is valuable, and price is high, and every mu of Honda sowing quantity is only 1/5 ~ 1/10 of conventional Rice, and the strong seedling thin planting of main dependence is sent out tiller and realized high and stable yields (conventional Middle Rice transplanting spacing 5 × 9 cun, i.e. 16.7 × 30cm, 1.33 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu).Therefore, cultivate less, rare, even, strong dish (firmly, floppy disk) seedling of moulding become the bottleneck realizing hybrid rice (containing super hybridization rice) rice transplanting mechanization.
Existing commodity seedling medium, the formulated special nutritional material of composting material such as multiplex peat, perlite, cavings, shell, dry branches and fallen leaves as Horticultural (containing vegetables, flowers, woods fruit), is conducive to emerging and full stand and healthy seedling can cultivating and growing under given conditions.But peat (i.e. the peat composed of rotten mosses, natural humus), perlite are non-renewable resources, and on market, not only price is higher but also supply is limited.Hybrid rice seedling (seedling) matrix wide application, requirement is large especially, and the matrix output of above-mentioned gardening is few and smart expensive, (Rice Cropping industry) also not counterpart on cereal crops.
Though also some institution of higher learning in all parts of the country or scientific research institutions and regarding businesses cooperation research and development have gone out rice seedling raising ground substance, all there is its limitation.Some seedling raising ground substance raw material are dull, as: wormcast matrix, weter hyacinth matrix, Walnut shell medium, flat mushroom (edible mushroom) waste matrix, manioc waste matrix etc.; Some seedling raising ground substance waste residues are too many, fluffy unreal, and easily cause mechanical damage, as: agriculture refuse (stalk is main) soilless substrate; What have easily forms agglomerate, as organic matter and mud composite interstitial substance; Some nutrients are incomplete, as rich selenium soilless substrate; Some nutrient densities are too high, and what have is only applicable to conventional Rice nursery, etc., the seedling raising ground substance that really can be adapted to hybrid rice machine transplanting of rice plate seedling raising is difficult to screening.Also need again to process, improve after often purchasing " finished product ", just can make it the mechanization seedling and the rice transplanting requirement that are suitable for hybrid rice (containing super hybridization rice).
The plate seedling raising matrix that research and development are applicable to hybrid rice mechanization seedling is significant.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the invention is the seedling raising ground substance researching and developing a kind of applicable hybrid rice mechanization seedling, this seedling raising ground substance comprehensive nutrition, be applicable to hybrid rice mechanization seedling, paddy seeds is emerged and takes root soon, planting percent is high, rice shoot is healthy and strong.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, raw material is by weight ratio:
The agricultural crop straw 50 parts-60 parts that water content is less than 10%;
The animal wastes 21 parts-30 parts that water content is less than 10%;
Medium carrier 13 parts-20 parts;
Matrix synergist 1 part-2 parts;
Wherein, described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following mass percentage: nitrolim accounts for 65%-75%; Superphosphate 15%-25%; Sodium silicate accounts for 7%-9%; Boron and zinc account for 0.5%-1.5%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 0.5%-1.5%, each constituent mass percentage composition sum is 100%; Described biologically active microbial inoculum be selected from bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe and agricultural photosynthetic bacteria one or several;
Preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) by above-mentioned weight, by crops stalk crushing, with other raw material mixing and stirring except agricultural photosynthetic bacteria, Ban Bianpen natural pond, limit water, water total amount is no more than 25% of raw material gross mass, and the 70%-80% making agricultural crop straw raw material reach maximum water-holding capacity is advisable, and obtains mixture;
(2) by described for step (1) mixture compost, cover with plastic sheeting for farm use, stack retting ferments for 20 ~ 30 days, and heap center maximum temperature is advisable at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C;
(3) after step (2) completes, carry out turning again, inside and outsidely evenly to stir up and down, unputrefied raw material is translated into heap center, keep humidity between 15%-20%, while turning, add biologically active microbial inoculum, control ph between 5.5-7.5, then compost, cover, carry out second time fermentation, control heap center maximum temperature and be advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferment 15 ~ 20 days;
(4) after step (3) completes, then carry out turning, compost again, cover, carry out third time fermentation, control heap center maximum temperature and be advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferment 15 ~ 20 days.
Preferred version: the particle diameter of described medium carrier is between 0.01 ~ 2mm.
Preferred version: described medium carrier is one or more in dry fine earth, silt and vermiculite.
Further preferred version: described medium carrier consists of by weight: dry fine earth or silt 10 ~ 15 parts, vermiculite 3 ~ 5 parts.
Preferred version: described animal wastes are one or more in pig manure, chicken manure and cow dung.Further preferred version: described animal wastes consist of by weight: pig manure 12-15 part, chicken manure 6-10 part, cow dung 3-5 part.
Preferred version: described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following mass percentage: nitrolim accounts for 70%; Superphosphate 20%; Sodium silicate accounts for 8%; Boron and zinc account for 1%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 1%.
Below the present invention be further explained and illustrate:
Described medium carrier: (not etc., laterite, loess, brown soil etc., raw, mellow soil all row, not can be used as adhesive to particle diameter 0.01 ~ 2mm to dry fine earth.Silt, i.e. mud fine sand, increase refreshing water gas permeability.Vermiculite has good cation exchange and adsorptivity, improves gas permeability and the property of water-bearing, can improve structure, water storage preserves soil moisture, play cushioning effect, make fertilizer slow releasing in media as well, vermiculite also can provide the elements such as Mn, Cu, the Zn of K, Mg, Ca, Fe and the trace self contained.
Described matrix synergist: nitrolim, i.e. calcium cyanamide, for efficient soil disinfectant, its intermediate product cyanamide decomposed and dicyandiamide all have sterilization, deinsectization, diseases prevention, prevent bacterial wilt, damping off, kill the effect of soil insect and root-knot nematode etc., noresidue, free from environmental pollution, fertilizer efficiency is permanent, also can acid adjustment, have concurrently replenish the calcium, nitrogen pick-up, the multiple effect such as raising fermentation heap temperature; Also increase superphosphate, can be considered " phosphorization calcium tonic "; Waterglass, i.e. sodium silicate, paddy rice is happiness silicon crop, and siliceous fertilizer both can make fertilizer, provided nutrient, can make soil conditioner again, improvement soil, also have that strong strain consolidates concurrently, diseases prevention, insect protected and attenuation effect; Micro-fertilizer such as zinc boron manganese, have the effect that sharp seedling encourages short tiller.
Biologically active microbial inoculum, as bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe, agricultural photosynthetic bacteria etc., promotes fermentation or sterilization, evil of going out, pollution of purifying waste water, generates the beneficial growth factor.
Medium carrier of the present invention forms at raw material, nutrition arrangement, processing art, scientific and synthesization design and research is all carried out in the aspects such as physicochemical property, reach physiology to combine with ecological, agricultural machinery is combined with agronomy, organic and inorganic combination, slow effect and quick-acting combination, allow the peasant household of plantation hybrid rice enjoy and disposablely complete the convenient service settled at one go, no longer need to run to and fro, save resource, manpower and time, especially the goodness of fit of agricultural machinery and agronomy is improved, significantly improve percentage establishment of seedling, to turn green tillering capacity and productivity ratio, thus make hybrid rice adapt to the fast pace of modernization Mechanical culture, high efficiency requirement.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance of the present invention significantly improves the goodness of fit of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and mechanical damage is little, promotes percentage establishment of seedling, turn green tillering capacity and the large raising of productivity ratio.
2, hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance comprehensive nutrition of the present invention, is applicable to hybrid rice mechanization seedling, and paddy seeds is emerged and takes root soon, planting percent is high, rice shoot is healthy and strong.
3, hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance of the present invention can directly use, without the need to reprocessing before using.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.
A kind of hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, parts by weight of raw materials proportioning is as follows: the straw straw 50 ~ 60 parts that water content is less than 10%, pig manure 12-15 part of dry and comfortable abundant fermentation, chicken manure 6-10 part, cow dung 3-5 part; Medium carrier class: dry fine earth or silt 10 ~ 15 parts, vermiculite 3 ~ 5 parts; Matrix synergy class: about 1 part, the proportion of concrete material and shared whole matrix synergy class, nitrolim accounts for 70%; Superphosphate 20%; Sodium silicate accounts for 8%; Boron and zinc account for 1%; Agricultural photosynthetic bacteria 1%.
Preparation method: after 1. grass stalk is pulverized, start organic farming discarded object, carrier class and synergy class material, mixing and stirring except bio-active bacteria (fungi), mix while spray appropriate natural pond water, water spray standard: total amount is no more than 25% of gross mass, stalk raw materials reaches about 80% of maximum water-holding capacity, and ight soil class is not completely mashed, and grogs class is moistening does not touch with one's hand;
2. draw the long taper heap of heap after mixing immediately in, general heap height about 2 meters, heap are about 5 meters and (pile on average wide about 2 meters, its volume about 10 cubic meter; The number of " heap " depending on total base starting material number), namely cover with plastic sheeting for farm use after in heaps, stack retting carries out hot fermentation in 20 ~ 30 days.When mean temperature >=25 DEG C, heap center maximum temperature is advisable at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C;
3. second time fermentation, namely carry out " turning " (inside and outsidely evenly to stir up and down, especially unputrefied raw material should be translated into the center of heap), keep humidity about 15 ~ 20%, the biologically active microbial inoculums such as bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe, agricultural photosynthetic bacteria are added in turning simultaneously, promote fermentation or sterilization, going out does harm to, heavily pile rectangular cone heap or dome heap again, covered, heap center maximum temperature is advisable at 25 ~ 35 DEG C, ferments 15 ~ 20 days.Indicate: the desirable growing environment of biologically active microbial inoculum be humidity 15 ~ 20%, temperature 25 ~ 35 DEG C, pH value is between 5.5 ~ 7.5.
4. third time fermentation, after step (3) completes, then carries out turning, compost again, covers, and carries out third time fermentation, controls heap center maximum temperature and is advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferment 15 ~ 20 days.
Seedling raising ground substance standard prepared by the present invention:
1. physical behavior.Form: slaking larger molecular organicses such as (lose original shape) stalks of rotting, volume-diminished half, quality becomes consolidation, sticky husky than rationally, " clay fertilizer " integrally; Color: pitchy; Smell: smell without exception, or have one humic fertilizer gas; There is no ammonia and corrupt gas, do not burn root and hinder seedling; Moisture: water content 13% ~ 15%, aqueous vapor is coordinated, and does not lump or agglomerating, and hand is pinched agglomerating, and hand is thrown and namely fallen apart;
2. chemical property.Be rich in required N, P, K and appropriate trace element, raw fiber >=30%, organic >=10%; PH value is about 7; Heavy metal does not exceed standard, without toxicity, side effect;
3. biological character.Through hot fermentation sterilizing, antagonism sterilizing, without paddy rice germ, insect ovum is dead, and weed seed loses germinating capacity, and containing the physiological activator (being produced by fermentable) needed for plant.Paddy seeds is emerged and is taken root soon, and planting percent is high, rice shoot is healthy and strong.
Claims (7)
1. a hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance, is characterized in that, raw material is by weight ratio:
The agricultural crop straw 50 parts-60 parts that water content is less than 10%;
The animal wastes 21 parts-30 parts that water content is less than 10%;
Medium carrier 13 parts-20 parts;
Matrix synergist 1 part-2 parts;
Wherein, described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following mass percentage: nitrolim accounts for 65%-75%; Superphosphate 15%-25%; Sodium silicate accounts for 7%-9%; Boron and zinc account for 0.5%-1.5%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 0.5%-1.5%, each constituent mass percentage composition sum is 100%; Described biologically active microbial inoculum be selected from bacillus subtilis, facultative anaerobe and agricultural photosynthetic bacteria one or several;
Preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) by above-mentioned weight, by crops stalk crushing, with other raw material mixing and stirring except agricultural photosynthetic bacteria, Ban Bianpen natural pond, limit water, water total amount is no more than 25% of raw material gross mass, and the 70%-80% making agricultural crop straw raw material reach maximum water-holding capacity is advisable, and obtains mixture;
(2) by described for step (1) mixture compost, cover with plastic sheeting for farm use, stack retting ferments for 20 ~ 30 days, and heap center maximum temperature is advisable at 60 DEG C-65 DEG C;
(3) after step (2) completes, carry out turning again, inside and outsidely evenly to stir up and down, unputrefied raw material is translated into heap center, keep humidity between 15%-20%, while turning, add biologically active microbial inoculum, control ph between 5.5-7.5, then compost, cover, carry out second time fermentation, control heap center maximum temperature and be advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferment 15 ~ 20 days;
(4) after step (3) completes, then carry out turning, compost again, cover, carry out third time fermentation, control heap center maximum temperature and be advisable at 25 DEG C-35 DEG C, ferment 15 ~ 20 days.
2. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described medium carrier is one or more in dry fine earth, silt and vermiculite.
3. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described medium carrier is between 0.01 ~ 2mm.
4. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described medium carrier consists of by weight: dry fine earth or silt 10 ~ 15 parts, vermiculite 3 ~ 5 parts.
5. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described animal wastes are one or more in pig manure, chicken manure and cow dung.
6. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described animal wastes consist of by weight: pig manure 12-15 part, chicken manure 6-10 part, cow dung 3-5 part.
7. hybrid rice transplanting tray seedling raising ground substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described matrix synergist is made up of the component of following mass percentage: nitrolim accounts for 70%; Superphosphate 20%; Sodium silicate accounts for 8%; Boron and zinc account for 1%; Biologically active microbial inoculum 1%.
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Cited By (14)
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CN104628431A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 李金哲 | Plate-making device for preparing rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate |
CN104663340A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-03 | 中国水稻研究所 | Cultivation method for quickening earing and flowering of paddy rice |
CN104762089A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-08 | 桃源县兴隆米业科技开发有限公司 | Selenium-rich soil conditioner for producing natural selenium-rich rice as well as preparation and use methods of selenium-rich soil conditioner |
CN104909909A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-16 | 遵义师范学院 | Organic ecological substrate for rice industrialized seedling production and preparation method of organic ecological substrate |
CN105198629A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-30 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Rice seedling raising matrix and industrial production method thereof |
CN105294184A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | Rice seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
CN105493950A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of mechanical transplanting rice and application thereof |
CN105493948A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 郎溪县新发镇华兵农作物种植家庭农场 | Nutrient soil for rice seedling growing |
CN106278478A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 淮安市中禾农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of special seedling medium of solanaceous vegetables |
CN106433669A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 广德县露露果蔬种植家庭农场 | Soil conditioner with water conserving function |
CN106431576A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-02-22 | 南京沃优生物肥业有限公司 | Rice seedling-raising substrate for rice transplanter and preparation method of rice seedling-raising substrate |
CN106489593A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-03-15 | 赖坤流 | A kind of compound method of Chrysaliclocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. culture medium |
CN106495912A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-15 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of method that machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as raw material with the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
CN107721475A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-02-23 | 广西长耀隆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
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CN104628431A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-20 | 李金哲 | Plate-making device for preparing rice seedling raising turfy soil matrix plate |
CN104663340A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-03 | 中国水稻研究所 | Cultivation method for quickening earing and flowering of paddy rice |
CN104762089B (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2017-11-14 | 桃源县兴隆米业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of selenium-rich soil modifying agent for producing natural selenium-rich rice and its preparation, application method |
CN104762089A (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2015-07-08 | 桃源县兴隆米业科技开发有限公司 | Selenium-rich soil conditioner for producing natural selenium-rich rice as well as preparation and use methods of selenium-rich soil conditioner |
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CN105198629A (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2015-12-30 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | Rice seedling raising matrix and industrial production method thereof |
CN105198629B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2018-09-07 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所 | A kind of rice seedling raising ground substance and its industrialization production method |
CN105294184A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 安徽省绿福农业科技股份有限公司 | Rice seedling matrix and preparation method thereof |
CN105493948A (en) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 郎溪县新发镇华兵农作物种植家庭农场 | Nutrient soil for rice seedling growing |
CN105493950A (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2016-04-20 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | Method for raising seedlings of mechanical transplanting rice and application thereof |
CN106278478A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2017-01-04 | 淮安市中禾农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of special seedling medium of solanaceous vegetables |
CN106433669A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 广德县露露果蔬种植家庭农场 | Soil conditioner with water conserving function |
CN106431576A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-02-22 | 南京沃优生物肥业有限公司 | Rice seedling-raising substrate for rice transplanter and preparation method of rice seedling-raising substrate |
CN106489593A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-03-15 | 赖坤流 | A kind of compound method of Chrysaliclocarpus lutescens H. Wendl. culture medium |
CN106495912A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-03-15 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | A kind of method that machine-transplanted rice seedling raising ground substance is prepared as raw material with the corn straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed |
CN106495912B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2020-02-07 | 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for preparing machine-transplanted rice seedling raising substrate by taking decomposed corn straws as raw materials |
CN107721475A (en) * | 2017-12-10 | 2018-02-23 | 广西长耀隆农业科技有限公司 | A kind of rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
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