CN104314473A - PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit tool capable of doing eccentric swing rotation - Google Patents
PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit tool capable of doing eccentric swing rotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104314473A CN104314473A CN201410426491.6A CN201410426491A CN104314473A CN 104314473 A CN104314473 A CN 104314473A CN 201410426491 A CN201410426491 A CN 201410426491A CN 104314473 A CN104314473 A CN 104314473A
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 210000000515 tooth Anatomy 0.000 claims description 98
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 98
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 abstract description 89
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 77
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 abstract description 66
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 43
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- DQTMTQZSOJMZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-pentadecylcatechol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O DQTMTQZSOJMZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004308 accommodation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/54—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of the rotary drag type, e.g. fork-type bits
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/16—Roller bits characterised by tooth form or arrangement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/08—Roller bits
- E21B10/22—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details
- E21B10/25—Roller bits characterised by bearing, lubrication or sealing details characterised by sealing details
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/42—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits
- E21B10/43—Rotary drag type drill bits with teeth, blades or like cutting elements, e.g. fork-type bits, fish tail bits characterised by the arrangement of teeth or other cutting elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/50—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts the bit being of roller type
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) bit tool capable of doing eccentric swing rotation, and belongs to the field of rock breaking tools for drilling equipment. The PDC bit tool comprises an eccentric shaft, a housing body, a PDC bit and a cycloidal shaft, wherein the PDC bit is fixedly connected to the cycloidal shaft; the cycloidal shaft is arranged in the housing body in a matched way and can perform relative variable trajectory eccentric rotation; an eccentric shaft section arranged on the eccentric shaft is arranged in the inner cavity of the cycloidal shaft in a matched way to form a rotary pair; the inner flow channels of the eccentric shaft, the cycloidal shaft and the PDC bit are communicated. According to the PDC bit tool, the alternative cutting trajectory motion is made, so that the stratum penetration capability of the PDC bit can be remarkably improved, the rock breaking efficiency is improved, and the wear rate of cutting teeth is reduced; the PDC bit tool has remarkable technical advantages on difficultly drilled deep strata and high-hardness and high-abrasiveness strata.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the drilling equipment rock crushing tool fields such as petroleum gas, mine engineering, building foundation engineering construction, geology, the hydrology, especially a kind of for the PDC drill bit equipment of drilling equipment with broken rock.
Background technology
Drill bit is in order to broken bottom rock, the rock crushing tool forming pit shaft in drilling engineering.The conventional bit used in drilling engineering now mainly contains tricone bit, PDC drill bit, diamond-impregnated bit and gear wheel-PDC Mixed drilling bit etc.
Wherein PDC drill bit (polycrystalline diamond compact bit) is a kind of drilling tool the most frequently used in current petroleum drilling engineering.Along with the continuous progress of cutting teeth material technology and drill bit design technology, the high-efficient cutting of the broken rock of the drilling safety of its uniqueness, the flexibility of form of structure and shearing, make the stratum accommodation of PDC drill bit in oil/gas drilling engineering more and more wider, worldwide 70% of drilling well total footage number all completed by PDC drill bit at present according to statistics, occupy absolute critical role.Conventional PDC drill bit mainly acts on broken bottom rock by " wedging-scrape and cut "; but when drilling well runs into hard plastic formation; cutting teeth on PDC drill bit is often difficult to effective wedging bottom rock, and the rate of penetration of drill bit will become slowly, be difficult to obtain good drill bit result of use.
In order to tackle this situation, Chinese patent CN 200880016630.0 discloses one " Mixed drilling bit ", this drill bit is by having roller cone and fixing wing combined cut structure, the impact of gear wheel can be crushed scraping of broken rock mode and wing to cut brokenly rock mode and combine, comprehensive drilling effect preferably can be obtained under particular formation condition.But the deficiency of this drill bit is mainly manifested in: gear wheel breaks the diamond tooth generation extraordinary failure that shock loading that rock produces easily causes on fixing wing, as tipping, delamination, broken teeth or fall tooth etc., bring uncertain factor to the efficient application of drill bit.Chinese patent CN 201010229371.9 discloses " a kind of composite drill bit breaking rock with cutting way ", the thought that this drill bit make use of " break rock can improve efficiency of breaking rock alternately to scrape the form of cutting ", proposes a kind of composite drill bit being installed with the runner layout alternate with fixing wing of the high strength cutting teeths such as PDC tooth." runner-fixing wing " combined cut structure that this drill bit has can form netted broken region on bottom rock, has efficiency of breaking rock high, even wearing, the advantages such as drilling life of bit is long.Runner described in this drill bit is a kind of passive rotary cutting structure, realizes " slowly replacing working angles " under the reaction force condition of formation rock.But the factor affecting runner rotary motion is a lot, as the frictional force etc. of the matching relationship of formation rock pattern and mechanical characteristic, wheel body cutting structure and stationary cutting structure, drilling parameter condition and wheel body and bearing or axle journal, therefore runner rotary motion rule exists uncertain.When under some special operation condition wheel body to revolve comprehensive driving force direction likely vertical with the linear velocity direction of wheel body, be also dead point operating mode, wheel body will " be blocked " motionless.Now, drill bit cannot realize " breaking rock alternately to scrape the form of cutting " effect.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is: for above-mentioned Problems existing, a kind of PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate is provided, a kind of down-hole transmission mechanism that can produce eccentric swing rotation is combined with PDC drill bit, by the compound motion of this down-hole transmission mechanism and DRILL-STRING SYSTEM, can be PDC drill bit and a kind of alternation cutting movement orbiting motion is provided, one is to form the netted intersection working angles to shaft bottom, increases Cutter to the wedging ability of rock, improves efficiency of breaking rock; Two is become " cutting " broken rock into " alternation plow " broken rock, can improve self-sharpening and the attacking ability of drill bit, be conducive to improving efficiency of breaking rock; Three is that the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has " mandatory ", and reliability is high.At deep bad ground high rigidity, high abrasive stratum, there is obvious technical advantage especially.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, comprise eccentric shaft, shell body, PDC drill bit and cycloid axle, described PDC drill bit is fixedly connected on the end of cycloid axle, the inwall of described shell body is evenly equipped with some hypocycloidal tooths, the outer wall of described cycloid axle is evenly equipped with some epicycloidal teeth, described epicycloidal tooth is meshed with hypocycloidal tooth, makes described cycloid axle can become track eccentric rotary relative to shell body; The eccentric shaft part that described eccentric shaft is arranged is matched with in the inner chamber of cycloid axle and forms revolute pair; The inner flow passage of described eccentric shaft, the inner flow passage of cycloid axle are communicated with the inner flow passage of PDC drill bit.
Owing to have employed said structure, epicycloidal tooth outside the hypocycloidal tooth arranged in shell body and cycloid axle engages each other, make the present invention when driving PDC drill bit to form alternation Cutting trajectory, moment of torsion transmits and is produced by two kinds of transfer mode actings in conjunction, the first directly passes to shell body by connecting thread by the rotation torque of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM, pass to cycloid axle by the gear pair of the hypocycloidal tooth on it and epicycloidal tooth again, and then pass to PDC drill bit by connecting thread; It two is that the moment of torsion that mud motor (as helicoid hydraulic motor, turbodrill etc.) exports passes to eccentric shaft through connecting thread, pass to cycloid axle under the revolute pair formed through external cylindrical surface and the epicycloidal tooth of eccentric shaft part again and the gear pair acting in conjunction of hypocycloidal tooth and epicycloidal tooth, and then pass to PDC drill bit by connecting thread; Gap in its housing between any two adjacent hypocycloidal tooths all can be engaged with the epicycloidal tooth on cycloid axle, and wherein the quantity of hypocycloidal tooth, the number of teeth of epicycloidal tooth all can find power transmission ratio according to actual needs, be convenient to coupling and the transmission of carrying out dynamic torque; Wherein on eccentric shaft, eccentric shaft part mates with cycloid axle and forms revolute pair, when making eccentric shaft turns, eccentric shaft length of tape movable pendulum bobbin does relative to shell body and becomes track eccentric rotary, thus drive PDC drill bit to do alternation cutting movement track, one is to form the netted intersection working angles to shaft bottom, increase Cutter to the wedging ability of rock, improve efficiency of breaking rock; Two is become " cutting " broken rock into " alternation plow " broken rock, can improve self-sharpening and the attacking ability of drill bit, be conducive to the rate of wear slowing down cutting teeth; Three is that the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has " mandatory ", and reliability is high.At deep bad ground high rigidity, high abrasive stratum, there is obvious technical advantage especially.Be specially: 1, alternation track cutting movement effectively can improve the broken rock drilling efficiency of drill bit.Conventional fixing cutting teeth PDC drill bit is circle at the movement locus in shaft bottom, every tooth is all scraped to cut along the rotational trajectory of each self-retaining and is moved, no matter be that on-the-spot drill bit creeps into and failure mode, or indoor drillability experiment can both reflect that the stratum wedging capacity of PDC drill bit under this motion state the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, particularly at deep bad ground, this impact is even more serious.And this patent can realize shaft bottom netted alternation track cutting movement, be conducive to the effective wedging of cutting teeth to rock, be conducive to the fragmentation of rock, and then effectively improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.2, become " cutting " broken rock and break into " alternation plow " self-sharpening and the attacking ability that rock can improve drill bit.Conventional fixed teeth PDC drill bit does Circular test cutting movement during in shaft bottom, its cutting linear velocity direction, working face normal direction all immobilize (relatively constant), are also that working rake angle and the cutting edge inclination of cutting teeth immobilizes.Generally quite (30 °-10 °), cutting edge inclination is less (generally within 5 °) then, and PDC Cutter motion state is in this state called " cutting of negative rake shear blade " state for the working rake angle size of conventional bit and cutting structure anterior angle.When PDC Cutter does alternation track cutting movement, the size of the cutting edge inclination of cutting teeth then changes all the time (by the change of sine curve rule) in motion process.When cutting edge inclination large to a certain extent time, cutting teeth just becomes " plow " with the contact movement state of bottom rock and contacts, and the change of this cutting state effectively can improve the aggressiveness of drill bit, and then the efficiency of breaking rock of raising drill bit.Simultaneously, the change of cutting edge inclination is two-way, namely the shear blade changing conventional cutting teeth cuts and cuts for the left and right of cutting teeth under alternation orbiting motion condition replaces twolip, its effect is increase cutting teeth friction durability while, improve the special in sharp ability of cutting teeth, and then improve the service behaviour of drill bit.3, the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has mandatory.No matter being gear wheel-PDC composite drill bit or wheeled composite diamond drill bit, is all that fixed teeth cutting structure and wheeling thereof cutting structure are composited, the rotation of wheel body be by the reaction force with formation rock as rotary power, be passive rotary motion.The factor affecting wheel body rotary motion is a lot, as the frictional force etc. of the matching relationship of formation rock pattern and mechanical characteristic, wheel body cutting structure and stationary cutting structure, drilling parameter condition and wheel body and bearing or axle journal, therefore wheel body rotary motion rule exists uncertain.When under some special operation condition wheel body to revolve comprehensive driving force direction likely vertical with the linear velocity direction of wheel body, be also dead point operating mode, at this moment wheel body will " be blocked " motionless.The situation that wheel body cannot rotate often can be observed in laboratory experiment.In structural concept proposed by the invention, the non-circular curve spinning motion power resources of PDC drill bit are in tool interior, little to its characteristics of motion impact effect with the interreaction force of formation rock, therefore, it is possible to ensure " the alternation track cutting movement " of PDC drill bit implementation rule, its functional reliability significantly improves.In the present invention, the circulation of well liquid is by the inner duct of drilling fluid fluid in DRILL-STRING SYSTEM by eccentric shaft, the inner duct of cycloid axle, down-hole annular is entered again through the inner flow passage of PDC drill bit and nozzle, and then set up drilling-fluid circulation system, guarantee PDC drill bit filling mud while generation alternation Cutting trajectory, ensure normally creeping into of PDC drill bit.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, described eccentric shaft is threadedly connected on mud motor output, and described shell body is threadedly connected on DRILL-STRING SYSTEM end.
Owing to have employed said structure, the output of connecting thread on eccentric shaft with the lower power drilling tool (as helicoid hydraulic motor, turbodrill etc.) of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM in oil drilling is connected, the power that it can be provided to rotate to eccentric shaft, guarantees can produce relative rotation between eccentric shaft and shell body simultaneously.Moment of torsion transmission in the present invention is produced by two kinds of transfer mode actings in conjunction, the first directly passes to shell body by connecting thread by the rotation torque of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM, pass to cycloid axle by the gear pair of the hypocycloidal tooth on it and epicycloidal tooth again, and then pass to PDC drill bit by connecting thread; It two is that the moment of torsion that mud motor (as helicoid hydraulic motor, turbodrill etc.) exports passes to eccentric shaft through connecting thread, under external cylindrical surface and the revolute pair that formed of lower surface of the location shaft shoulder and the gear pair acting in conjunction of hypocycloidal tooth and epicycloidal tooth of eccentric shaft part, pass to cycloid axle again, and then pass to PDC drill bit by connecting thread.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, described cycloid tooth (41) is meshed with the gear teeth (20) and forms in engaged transmission relation, gearratio >=7:1 that described eccentric shaft and cycloid axle are formed, and the eccentric distance e≤6mm of eccentric shaft part on described eccentric shaft.
Owing to have employed said structure, the mechanism cooperatively interacted with cycloid axle is set in shell body, the hypocycloidal tooth such as mated with the epicycloidal tooth outside cycloid axle, make the present invention when driving PDC drill bit to form alternation Cutting trajectory, moment of torsion transmits and is produced by two kinds of transfer mode actings in conjunction, the first directly passes to shell body by connecting thread by the rotation torque of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM, pass to cycloid axle by the gear pair of the hypocycloidal tooth on it and epicycloidal tooth again, and then pass to PDC drill bit by connecting thread; It two is that the moment of torsion that mud motor (as helicoid hydraulic motor, turbodrill etc.) exports passes to eccentric shaft through connecting thread, pass to cycloid axle under the revolute pair formed through external cylindrical surface and the epicycloidal tooth of eccentric shaft part again and the gear pair acting in conjunction of hypocycloidal tooth and epicycloidal tooth, and then pass to PDC drill bit by connecting thread; Wherein some hypocycloidal tooths are arranged on the inwall of shell body, gap between any two adjacent hypocycloidal tooths all can be engaged with cycloid axle, and wherein the quantity of hypocycloidal tooth, the number of teeth of epicycloidal tooth all can find power transmission ratio according to actual needs, be convenient to coupling and the transmission of carrying out dynamic torque.And by reasonably coupling geometry parameter (the cycloid axle number of teeth, the hypocycloid number of teeth, eccentric throw etc.) and kinematics parameters (as eccentric shaft rotating speed, shell body rotating speed etc.) can make PDC Cutter obtain the shaft bottom alternation cutting movement track of comparatively rule, this characteristic can make PDC drill bit provide a kind of alternation cutting movement track just, the netted intersection working angles to shaft bottom can be formed on the one hand, increase Cutter to the wedging ability of rock, improve efficiency of breaking rock; Two is become " cutting " broken rock into " alternation plow " broken rock, can improve self-sharpening and the attacking ability of drill bit; Three is that the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has " mandatory ", and reliability is high.The alternation Cutting trajectory motion that the present invention realizes can significantly improve PDC drill bit stratum wedging ability, improve efficiency of breaking rock, also be conducive to the rate of wear slowing down cutting teeth, particularly deep bad ground high rigidity, high abrasive stratum has obvious technical advantage.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, in described engaged transmission relation, the gearratio that described eccentric shaft and cycloid axle are formed is 7, and on described eccentric shaft, the eccentric distance e of eccentric shaft part is 6mm.
Owing to have employed said structure, preferred geometry parameter is in the present invention: cycloid axle, the number of teeth are 7, hypocycloidal tooth, the number of teeth are 8, when eccentric distance e is 6, suppose that mud motor rotating speed is 140 revs/min, when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 0 rev/min, PDC drill bit, on single tooth can realize as shown in figure 18 movement locus; Suppose that mud motor rotating speed is 120 revs/min, when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 40 revs/min (gearratio i=3), single tooth on PDC drill bit can realize movement locus as shown in figure 19; Suppose that mud motor rotating speed is 120 revs/min, when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 60 revs/min (gearratio i=2), single tooth on PDC drill bit can realize its movement locus; Supposing to change wherein geometric parameter eccentric distance e is 12, and kinematics parameters mud motor rotating speed is 120 revs/min, and when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 60 revs/min (gearratio i=2), single tooth on PDC drill bit can realize its movement locus.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, cycloid axle is limited in shell body by the lower contact that described shell body connects, be provided with capacity eccentric bearing in described lower contact, described PDC drill bit passes the capacity eccentric bearing in lower contact and is threadedly connected to the lower end of cycloid axle.
Owing to have employed said structure, between described PDC drill bit and lower contact, capacity eccentric bearing is installed, capacity eccentric bearing can be needle roller capacity eccentric bearing, sliding bearing, also can be cylinder roller bearing or double-row conical bearing, or self-aligning roller bearing, PDC drill bit is cantilever structure under change track eccentric rotational motion state, and the duty of all more conventional PDC drill bit of its rigidity of structure and mechanical stability is low.And set up capacity eccentric bearing, " eccentric wheel-PDC drill bit " mechanism can be made to become dual-support structure, and then improve the rigidity of structure and mechanical stability, reach good result of use.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, floating hermetically-sealed construction is provided with between described PDC drill bit and lower contact, described floating hermetically-sealed construction comprises floating ring, gland and sealing ring, wherein on the axial plane and sagittal plane of floating ring, be provided with sealing ring, described sealing ring fits on PDC drill bit and gland respectively, make to be formed between PDC drill bit and lower contact to seal, described gland is connected in lower contact, described floating ring is between gland and lower contact, and track eccentric rotary can be become with in the cavity of PDC drill bit between lower contact and gland.
Owing to have employed said structure, the axis and sagittal plane of floating ring are provided with sealing ring to realize the sealing between PDC drill bit and lower contact, floating ring can become track eccentric rotary along with in the cavity of PDC drill bit between lower contact and gland simultaneously, can realize " floating sealing ", thus guarantee PDC drill bit and relative change track eccentric rotary can occur between lower contact, can movable sealing be formed again, guarantee sealing effectiveness.Make one aspect of the present invention should have desirable lubricating condition, the hard particles in outside drilling fluid should be avoided to enter into movement pair surface on the other hand as far as possible and cause abrasive wear, therefore for improving practicality and the reliability of the present embodiment, it is very necessary that sealing mechanism is set.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, described eccentric shaft is provided with eccentric shaft part and the location shaft shoulder, radial thrust bearing group is provided with between the inner chamber of wherein eccentric shaft part and cycloid axle, be provided with sealing ring between the lower surface of described eccentric shaft and cycloid axle to seal, between the described location shaft shoulder and shell body, be provided with journal bearing.
Owing to have employed said structure, between the shaft shoulder and shell body inner surface of described eccentric shaft, journal bearing is installed.Especially, the combination being no less than two TC type radial thrust bearings that is made up of bearing inner race, bearing outer ring and rolling element of thrust bearings; Journal bearing is needle bearing or sliding bearing or roll-slide combined bearing.Change track eccentric rotary due to the PDC drill bit asymmetric power of radial direction that eccentric shaft and cycloid bearing are subject to is larger, the pressure of the drill of PDC drill bit need pass to cycloid axle by eccentric shaft and then pass to PDC drill bit simultaneously.Therefore between eccentric shaft and shell body, larger contact friction force can be produced between eccentric shaft and cycloid axle, for slowing down the impact of this contact friction force on frame for movement fretting wear described in the present embodiment, set up thrust bearings and journal bearing to improve the job stability of the present embodiment and to increase the service life.
The PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, the outer wall of described shell body is evenly equipped with some gauges stupefied, described gauge is stupefied is provided with some passive resistance to roll flutes and/or active gage tooth owing to have employed said structure, the external cylindrical surface of shell body is provided with gauge stupefied, this gauge is stupefied can be vertical bar shape structure, also can be helicoidal structure, its quantity be two or more.PDC drill bit does alternation track cutting movement, the cutting output of cutting teeth on it within a gyration period and chip-load change all the time, cause considerable influence therefore to the mechanical stability of PDC drill bit entirety, anti-wear performance and the gauge ability of therefore strengthening gauge structure seem particularly important.Can effectively be reduced because cutting teeth does alternation track cutting movement by scheme proposed by the invention in this case, and to the negative effect that the drilling effect of PDC drill bit entirety causes.Passive antifriction tooth can effectively reduce because of the drill bit laterally uneven too high excessive wear caused bit gauge protection structure on the one hand, and plays the effect of protection drill body structure.There is the bit gauge protection structure compared with high-wear resistance simultaneously, can be PDC drill bit and good righting stabilizing power is provided, be conducive to improving drill bit and creep into performance.On the other hand, the PDC drill bit geometry external diameter in the present invention is less than bored borehole size, under drill bit does alternation track cutting movement condition, depends merely on gauge teeth on bit body or rule footpath tooth is often difficult to meet the requirement to the regular borehole wall in drilling process.Therefore, on the gauge of invention China and foreign countries housing is stupefied, introduces initiatively cutting teeth, effectively can improves the gauge ability of the present embodiment, and then improve drilling quality and drill bit drilling ability.Wherein so-called in the present invention " initiatively cutting teeth " is defined as the fixed form of cutting teeth on gauge block for " angle is larger folded by the normal direction line of cutting teeth work plane and the stabilizer radial line of cutting teeth position point ", generally this angle is not less than 60 °, in this kind of situation, cutting teeth can be scraped cut the borehole wall with negative rake wedging, reaches the effect of active gage; So-called " passive resistance to roll flute " is defined as the fixed form of cutting teeth on wiper block for " angle is less folded by the normal direction line of cutting teeth work plane and the stabilizer radial line of cutting teeth position point ", this angle is generally less than 10 °, in this kind of situation, cutting teeth only with friction and Extrusion mode gauge, can be referred to as passive gauge.
In sum, owing to have employed technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, alternation track cutting movement effectively can improve the broken rock drilling efficiency of drill bit.Conventional fixing cutting teeth PDC drill bit is circle at the movement locus in shaft bottom, every tooth is all scraped to cut along the rotational trajectory of each self-retaining and is moved, no matter be that on-the-spot drill bit creeps into and failure mode, or indoor drillability experiment can both reflect that the stratum wedging capacity of PDC drill bit under this motion state the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, particularly at deep bad ground, this impact is even more serious.And this patent can realize shaft bottom netted alternation track cutting movement, be conducive to the effective wedging of cutting teeth to rock, be conducive to the fragmentation of rock, and then effectively improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.
2, become " cutting " broken rock and break into " alternation plow " self-sharpening and the attacking ability that rock can improve drill bit.Conventional fixed teeth PDC drill bit does Circular test cutting movement during in shaft bottom, its cutting linear velocity direction, working face normal direction all immobilize (relatively constant), are also that working rake angle and the cutting edge inclination of cutting teeth immobilizes.Generally quite (30 °-10 °), cutting edge inclination is less (generally within 5 °) then, and PDC Cutter motion state is in this state called " cutting of negative rake shear blade " state for the working rake angle size of conventional bit and cutting structure anterior angle.When PDC Cutter does alternation track cutting movement, the size of the cutting edge inclination of cutting teeth then changes all the time (by the change of sine curve rule) in motion process.When cutting edge inclination large to a certain extent time, cutting teeth just becomes " plow " with the contact movement state of bottom rock and contacts, and the change of this cutting state effectively can improve the aggressiveness of drill bit, and then the efficiency of breaking rock of raising drill bit.Simultaneously, the change of cutting edge inclination is two-way, namely the shear blade changing conventional cutting teeth cuts and cuts for the left and right of cutting teeth under alternation orbiting motion condition replaces twolip, its effect is increase cutting teeth friction durability while, improve the special in sharp ability of cutting teeth, and then improve the service behaviour of drill bit.
3, the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has mandatory.No matter being gear wheel-PDC composite drill bit or wheeled composite diamond drill bit, is all that fixed teeth cutting structure and wheeling thereof cutting structure are composited, the rotation of wheel body be by the reaction force with formation rock as rotary power, be passive rotary motion.The factor affecting wheel body rotary motion is a lot, as the frictional force etc. of the matching relationship of formation rock pattern and mechanical characteristic, wheel body cutting structure and stationary cutting structure, drilling parameter condition and wheel body and bearing or axle journal, therefore wheel body rotary motion rule exists uncertain.When under some special operation condition wheel body to revolve comprehensive driving force direction likely vertical with the linear velocity direction of wheel body, be also dead point operating mode, at this moment wheel body will " be blocked " motionless.The situation that wheel body cannot rotate often can be observed in laboratory experiment.In structural concept proposed by the invention, the non-circular curve spinning motion power resources of PDC drill bit are in tool interior, little to its characteristics of motion impact effect with the interreaction force of formation rock, therefore, it is possible to ensure " the alternation track cutting movement " of PDC drill bit implementation rule, its functional reliability significantly improves.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Examples of the present invention will be described by way of reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional assembling drawing of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure composition diagram of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the syndeton schematic diagram of embodiment 1 and DRILL-STRING SYSTEM in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that the A-A of Fig. 1 is to sectional view.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of the eccentric shaft of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structure chart of the shell body of embodiment 1 in the present invention, and shown in this figure, part is broken away to show its internal construction.
Fig. 7 is the eccentric structure chart of embodiment 1 in the present invention, and shown in this figure, part is broken away to show its internal construction.
Fig. 8 is the structure chart of the lower contact of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the structure chart of the PDC drill bit of embodiment 1 in this present invention.
Figure 10 is the three-dimensional assembling drawing of embodiment 2 in the present invention.
Figure 11 is the structure composition diagram of embodiment 3 in the present invention.
Figure 12 is the assembling drawing of embodiment 4 in the present invention.
Figure 13 is the I partial view in the assembling drawing of embodiment 4 in the present invention.
Figure 14 is the II partial view in the assembling drawing of embodiment 4 in the present invention.
Figure 15 is the kinematic sketch of mechanism of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Figure 16 is a kind of cutting teeth well-bottom trace line of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Figure 17 is the second cutting teeth well-bottom trace line of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Figure 18 is the third cutting teeth well-bottom trace line of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Figure 19 is the 4th kind of cutting teeth well-bottom trace line of embodiment 1 in the present invention.
Mark in figure: 1-eccentric shaft; 2-shell body; 3-PDC drill bit; 4-cycloid axle; 5-hypocycloidal tooth; 6-lower contact; 7-capacity eccentric bearing; 8-mud motor output; 9-DRILL-STRING SYSTEM end; 10-radial thrust bearing group; 11-connecting thread; The eccentric shaft part of 12-; 13-locates the shaft shoulder; 15-journal bearing; 16-sealing ring; 17-floating hermetically-sealed construction; 17a-floating ring; 17b-gland; 17c-fastening bolt; 17d-sealing ring; 17e-spring washer; 21-gauge is stupefied; The upper connecting thread of 22-shell body; The lower connecting thread of 23-shell body; 24-shell body unload buckle side; The connecting thread of 31-PDC drill bit; Wing structure on 32-PDC drill bit; The structural PDC tooth of 33-wing; 41-epicycloidal tooth; 42-eccentric wheel connecting thread; 43-puts profile line outward; 1a-locates the external cylindrical surface of the shaft shoulder; 1b-locates the lower surface of the shaft shoulder; The external cylindrical surface of the eccentric shaft part of 1c-; The lower surface of 1d-eccentric shaft, the upper surface of 4a-cycloid axle; The inner cylinder face of 4b-cycloid axle; The inner face of 4c-cycloid axle; The connecting thread of 61-lower contact; 62-lower contact unload buckle side; 6a-upper surface; 6b-lower surface; The passive resistance to roll flute of 211-; 212-active gage tooth.
Detailed description of the invention
All features disclosed in this manual, or the step in disclosed all methods or process, except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can combine by any way.
Arbitrary feature disclosed in this manual (comprising any accessory claim, summary), unless specifically stated otherwise, all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar object.That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is an example in a series of equivalence or similar characteristics.
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1 to 9, the PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, it is made up of eccentric shaft 1, shell body 2, PDC drill bit 3, cycloid axle 4, lower contact 6, wherein:
As shown in Figure 5, one end of eccentric shaft 1 is provided with connecting thread 11, and middle part is provided with the location shaft shoulder 13, and the center to center distance between the geometric center of eccentric shaft part 12 and the geometric center of eccentric shaft body is e.
As shown in Figure 6, the both ends up and down of shell body 2 are respectively arranged with connecting thread 22 and 23.External cylindrical surface is provided with gauge stupefied 21, this gauge stupefied 21 can be vertical bar shape structure, and also can be helicoidal structure, its quantity be two or more.Be provided with in the upper end of shell body 2 and axially unload buckle side 25, this unloads buckle side and is in pairs and is arranged symmetrically with.The inner cylinder face of shell body 2 is provided with some uniform hypocycloidal tooths 5.
As shown in Figure 7, the bottom of cycloid axle 4 is provided with connecting thread 42, its external cylindrical surface is provided with epicycloidal tooth 41, and the quantity of the gearratio that its number of teeth is exported by the present invention and hypocycloidal tooth 5 is determined, its inside is ladder pore passage structure.
As shown in Figure 8, one end of lower contact 6 is provided with connecting thread 61, external cylindrical surface is provided with and unloads buckle side 62, and this unloads buckle side and is in pairs and is arranged symmetrically with, and inside is straight hole or ladder pore passage structure.
As shown in Figure 9, PDC drill bit 3 is substantially identical with conventional PDC drill bit, and there is connecting thread 31 its one end, the cutting structure of the other end is provided with some wings 32, and wing 32 is fixed with some PDC teeth 33.
The assembly relation of each component involved in the present embodiment is: the connecting thread 14 on eccentric shaft 1 is connected with the output 8 of the lower power drilling tool (as helicoid hydraulic motor, turbodrill etc.) of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM in oil drilling.Eccentric shaft part 12 to be inserted in the inner duct of cycloid axle and to form revolute pair, and the location external cylindrical surface of the shaft shoulder 13 and the inner cylinder face of shell body 2 form revolute pair, and form positioning relation.On shell body 2, connecting thread 22 and DRILL-STRING SYSTEM end 9 are connected and fixed, and lower connecting thread 23 is connected to a fixed with the connecting thread 61 of lower contact 6.Epicycloidal tooth 41 on cycloid axle 4 matches with hypocycloidal tooth 5, and forms meshing relation.Wherein, the axial location of hypocycloidal tooth 5 is realized by the lower surface 1b of the location shaft shoulder 13 and the upper surface 6a of lower contact 6.PDC drill bit 3 is connected to a fixed with the connecting thread 42 of cycloid axle 4 bottom by the connecting thread 31 on it.
In the present embodiment as make this PDC drill bit equip can normally work (continuing to creep into brokenly rock), three conditions need be met, one be can sustained delivery the pressure of the drill to PDC drill bit, two be sustained delivery moment of torsion to PDC drill bit, three is to set up circulation of drilling fluid path.Load transfer mode in the present embodiment passes to eccentric shaft 1 from DRILL-STRING SYSTEM the pressure of the drill through connecting thread 14, passes to the 4a face of cycloid axle 4, then pass to PDC drill bit 3 through connecting thread 42 and end face thereof through the 1b face of eccentric shaft; Or the 4c face of cycloid axle 4 is passed to through the 1d face of eccentric shaft, then pass to PDC drill bit 3 through connecting thread 42 and end face thereof, and then realize the load transfer of the present embodiment.Moment of torsion transmission in the present embodiment is produced by two kinds of transfer mode actings in conjunction, the first directly passes to shell body 2 by connecting thread 22 by the rotation torque of DRILL-STRING SYSTEM, pass to cycloid axle 4 by the hypocycloidal tooth 5 on it with the gear pair of epicycloidal tooth 41 again, and then pass to PDC drill bit 3 by connecting thread 42; It two is that the moment of torsion that mud motor (as helicoid hydraulic motor, turbodrill etc.) exports passes to eccentric shaft 1 through connecting thread 14, pass to cycloid axle 4 under the revolute pair formed through 1c face and 4b face again and hypocycloidal tooth 5 and the gear pair acting in conjunction of epicycloidal tooth 41, and then pass to PDC drill bit 3 by connecting thread 42.Circulation of drilling fluid in the present embodiment is by the inner duct of drilling fluid fluid in DRILL-STRING SYSTEM by eccentric shaft 1, the inner duct of cycloid axle 4, then enters down-hole annular through the inner flow passage of PDC drill bit and nozzle, and then sets up drilling-fluid circulation system.
" alternation Cutting trajectory " characteristic had with regard to the present embodiment is below further analyzed.
If Figure 17 is the kinematic sketch of mechanism of the present embodiment, if the gearratio between eccentric shaft 1 and cycloid axle 4 is i', the eccentric throw of eccentric shaft part is e.Get the geometrical structure parameter of the present embodiment respectively: cycloid axle 1 number of teeth is 7, the number of teeth of hypocycloidal tooth 5 is 8, when eccentric distance e is 6, supposes that mud motor rotating speed is 140 revs/min, when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 0 rev/min, single the tooth 33 on PDC drill bit 3 can realize movement locus as shown in figure 18; Suppose that mud motor rotating speed is 120 revs/min, when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 40 revs/min (gearratio i=3), single the tooth 33 on PDC drill bit 3 can realize movement locus as shown in figure 19; Suppose that mud motor rotating speed is 120 revs/min, when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 60 revs/min (gearratio i=2), single the tooth 33 on PDC drill bit 3 can realize its movement locus; Supposing to change geometric parameter eccentric distance e in the present embodiment is 12, and kinematics parameters mud motor rotating speed is 120 revs/min, and when DRILL-STRING SYSTEM rotating speed is 60 revs/min (gearratio i=2), single the tooth 33 on PDC drill bit 3 can realize its movement locus.Analyze from the kinematic trajectory of above-mentioned the present embodiment, PDC Cutter can be made to obtain the shaft bottom alternation cutting movement track of comparatively rule by the geometry parameter (the cycloid axle number of teeth, the hypocycloidal tooth number of teeth, eccentric throw etc.) and kinematics parameters (as eccentric shaft rotating speed, shell body rotating speed etc.) of reasonably mating the present embodiment, this characteristic can make PDC drill bit obtain as the beneficial effect in patent of the present invention mentioned by " summary of the invention " just.Therefore, the alternation Cutting trajectory motion that the present invention realizes can significantly improve PDC drill bit stratum wedging ability, improve efficiency of breaking rock, be also conducive to the rate of wear slowing down cutting teeth, particularly deep bad ground high rigidity, high abrasive stratum has obvious technical advantage.Wherein i ' is the gearratio between eccentric shaft 4 and Cycloidal Wheel 41; I is the gearratio of mud motor and DRILL-STRING SYSTEM.
Embodiment 2:
As shown in Figure 10, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and its difference is: in described gauge stupefied 21, be fixed with passive resistance to roll flute 211 or active cutting teeth 212, or is fixed with passive antifriction tooth 211 and active cutting teeth 212 simultaneously.
Under desirable drilling condition, (" desirable drilling condition " refers to that PDC drill bit is creeping in rock break-off process to conventional PDC drill bit here, under the drill bit centre of gyration and well track center superposition or the approximate duty overlapped) cutting output of cutting teeth within a gyration period and chip-load change not quite, therefore its mechanical stability better (under desirable drilling condition, the horizontal out-of-balance force of most PDC drill bit and the ratio of axial force can control within the level of 5%).
And in the present embodiment, PDC drill bit does alternation track cutting movement, the cutting output of cutting teeth on it within a gyration period and chip-load change all the time, cause considerable influence therefore to the mechanical stability of PDC drill bit entirety, anti-wear performance and the gauge ability of therefore strengthening the gauge structure in the present embodiment seem particularly important.The scheme proposed by the present embodiment in this case can effectively reduce the negative effect caused the drilling effect of PDC drill bit entirety because cutting teeth does alternation track cutting movement.Passive antifriction tooth can effectively reduce because of the too high excessive wear caused bit gauge protection structure of the horizontal out-of-balance force of drill bit on the one hand, and plays the effect of protection drill body structure.Have simultaneously and can be PDC drill bit compared with the gauge structure of high-wear resistance good righting stabilizing power is provided, be conducive to improving drill bit and creep into performance.On the other hand, the PDC drill bit geometry external diameter in the present embodiment is less than bored borehole size, under drill bit does alternation track cutting movement condition, depends merely on gauge teeth on bit body or rule footpath tooth is often difficult to meet the requirement to the regular borehole wall in drilling process.Therefore, the initiatively cutting teeth of the stupefied upper introducing of the gauge of shell body in the present embodiment, effectively can improve the gauge ability of the present embodiment, and then improve drilling quality and drill bit drilling ability.
In the present embodiment, so-called " initiatively cutting teeth " is defined as the fixed form of cutting teeth on gauge block for " angle is larger folded by the normal direction line of cutting teeth work plane and the stabilizer radial line of cutting teeth position point ", generally this angle is not less than 60 °, in this kind of situation, cutting teeth can be scraped cut the borehole wall with negative rake wedging, reaches the effect of active gage; So-called " passive resistance to roll flute " is defined as the fixed form of cutting teeth on wiper block for " angle is less folded by the normal direction line of cutting teeth work plane and the stabilizer radial line of cutting teeth position point ", this angle is generally less than 10 °, in this kind of situation, cutting teeth only with friction and Extrusion mode gauge, can be referred to as passive gauge.
Embodiment 3:
As shown in figure 11, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 2, its difference is: between described PDC drill bit 3 and cycloid axle 4, be provided with lower contact 6, and described lower contact 6 is connected on shell body 2, and is provided with capacity eccentric bearing 7 between described PDC drill bit 3 and lower contact 6.Capacity eccentric bearing 7 can be needle roller capacity eccentric bearing, sliding bearing, also can be cylinder roller bearing or double-row conical bearing, or self-aligning roller bearing.
Due in the present embodiment, PDC drill bit 3 is cantilever structure under change track eccentric rotational motion state, and the duty of all more conventional PDC drill bit of its rigidity of structure and mechanical stability is low.Introduce capacity eccentric bearing 7 in the present embodiment, " eccentric wheel-PDC drill bit " mechanism can be made to become dual-support structure, and then improve the rigidity of structure and the mechanical stability of the present embodiment, reach good practical function.
Embodiment 4:
As shown in figure 12, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 3, and its difference is: between the eccentric shaft part 12 and cycloid axle 4 inner surface 4b of described eccentric shaft 2, be provided with thrust bearings 10; Between the shaft shoulder 13 and shell body 2 inner surface of described eccentric shaft 1, journal bearing 15 is installed.Especially, the combination being no less than two TC type radial thrust bearings that is made up of bearing inner race, bearing outer ring and rolling element of thrust bearings 10; Journal bearing 15 is needle bearing or sliding bearing or roll-slide combined bearing.
In the present embodiment, the asymmetric power of radial direction that eccentric shaft and cycloid bearing are subject to is larger of the change track eccentric rotary due to PDC drill bit, the pressure of the drill of PDC drill bit need pass to cycloid axle by eccentric shaft and then pass to PDC drill bit simultaneously.Therefore between eccentric shaft and shell body, larger contact friction force can be produced between eccentric shaft and cycloid axle, for slowing down the impact of this contact friction force on frame for movement fretting wear described in the present embodiment, special introduce thrust bearings 10 described in the present embodiment and journal bearing 15 with the job stability improving the present embodiment with increase the service life.
Embodiment 6:
As shown in Figure 13, Figure 14 and Figure 15, the present embodiment is substantially the same manner as Example 5, and its difference is: between the eccentric shaft part 12 lower surface 1d and the end face 4c of cycloid axle 4 of described eccentric shaft 1, be provided with sealing ring 16; Floating hermetically-sealed construction 17 is provided with between lower contact 6 and PDC drill bit 3.
In the present embodiment, be respectively arranged with thrust bearings 10, journal bearing 15 and hypocycloidal tooth mechanism, these mechanisms or component are higher to operating environment requirements in worked.Desirable lubricating condition should being had on the one hand, the hard particles in outside drilling fluid should be avoided to enter into movement pair surface on the other hand as far as possible and cause abrasive wear, therefore for improving practicality and the reliability of the present embodiment, it is very necessary that sealing mechanism being set.
In the present embodiment, floating hermetically-sealed construction 17 by floating ring 17a, gland 17b, fastening bolt 17c, the compositions such as sealing ring 17d and 17e spring washer.The axis and sagittal plane of floating ring 17a are provided with sealing ring to realize the sealing between PDC drill bit and lower contact, floating ring can become track eccentric rotary along with in the cavity of PDC drill bit between lower contact and gland simultaneously, can realize " floating sealing ".
Known by above-described embodiment, the PDC bit tool realizing eccentric swing and rotate of the present invention, a kind of down-hole transmission mechanism that can produce eccentric swing rotation is combined with PDC drill bit, by the compound motion of this down-hole transmission mechanism and DRILL-STRING SYSTEM, can be PDC drill bit and a kind of alternation cutting movement track is provided, one is to form the netted intersection working angles to shaft bottom, increases Cutter to the wedging ability of rock, improves efficiency of breaking rock; Two is become " cutting " broken rock into " alternation plow " broken rock, can improve self-sharpening and the attacking ability of drill bit, be conducive to the rate of wear slowing down cutting teeth; Three is that the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has " mandatory ", and reliability is high.At deep bad ground high rigidity, high abrasive stratum, there is obvious technical advantage especially.Be specially: the first, alternation track cutting movement effectively can improve the broken rock drilling efficiency of drill bit.Conventional fixing cutting teeth PDC drill bit is circle at the movement locus in shaft bottom, every tooth is all scraped to cut along the rotational trajectory of each self-retaining and is moved, no matter be that on-the-spot drill bit creeps into and failure mode, or indoor drillability experiment can both reflect that the stratum wedging capacity of PDC drill bit under this motion state the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit, particularly at deep bad ground, this impact is even more serious.And this patent can realize shaft bottom netted alternation track cutting movement, be conducive to the effective wedging of cutting teeth to rock, be conducive to the fragmentation of rock, and then effectively improve the efficiency of breaking rock of drill bit.The second, become " cutting " broken rock and break into " alternation plow " self-sharpening and the attacking ability that rock can improve drill bit.Conventional fixed teeth PDC drill bit does Circular test cutting movement during in shaft bottom, its cutting linear velocity direction, working face normal direction all immobilize (relatively constant), are also that working rake angle and the cutting edge inclination of cutting teeth immobilizes.Generally quite (30 °-10 °), cutting edge inclination is less (generally within 5 °) then, and PDC Cutter motion state is in this state called " cutting of negative rake shear blade " state for the working rake angle size of conventional bit and cutting structure anterior angle.When PDC Cutter does alternation track cutting movement, the size of the cutting edge inclination of cutting teeth then changes all the time (by the change of sine curve rule) in motion process.When cutting edge inclination large to a certain extent time, cutting teeth just becomes " plow " with the contact movement state of bottom rock and contacts, and the change of this cutting state effectively can improve the aggressiveness of drill bit, and then the efficiency of breaking rock of raising drill bit.Simultaneously, the change of cutting edge inclination is two-way, namely the shear blade changing conventional cutting teeth cuts and cuts for the left and right of cutting teeth under alternation orbiting motion condition replaces twolip, its effect is increase cutting teeth friction durability while, improve the special in sharp ability of cutting teeth, and then improve the service behaviour of drill bit.Three, the alternation track cutting movement of drill bit has mandatory.No matter being gear wheel-PDC composite drill bit or wheeled composite diamond drill bit, is all that fixed teeth cutting structure and wheeling thereof cutting structure are composited, the rotation of wheel body be by the reaction force with formation rock as rotary power, be passive rotary motion.The factor affecting wheel body rotary motion is a lot, as the frictional force etc. of the matching relationship of formation rock pattern and mechanical characteristic, wheel body cutting structure and stationary cutting structure, drilling parameter condition and wheel body and bearing or axle journal, therefore wheel body rotary motion rule exists uncertain.When under some special operation condition wheel body to revolve comprehensive driving force direction likely vertical with the linear velocity direction of wheel body, be also dead point operating mode, at this moment wheel body will " be blocked " motionless.The situation that wheel body cannot rotate often can be observed in laboratory experiment.In structural concept proposed by the invention, the non-circular curve spinning motion power resources of PDC drill bit are in tool interior, little to its characteristics of motion impact effect with the interreaction force of formation rock, therefore, it is possible to ensure " the alternation track cutting movement " of PDC drill bit implementation rule, its functional reliability significantly improves.
The present invention is not limited to aforesaid detailed description of the invention.The present invention expands to any new feature of disclosing in this manual or any combination newly, and the step of the arbitrary new method disclosed or process or any combination newly.
Claims (8)
1. the PDC bit tool that can realize eccentric swing and rotate, it is characterized in that: it comprises eccentric shaft (1), shell body (2), PDC drill bit (3) and cycloid axle (4), described PDC drill bit (3) is fixedly connected on the end of cycloid axle (4), the inwall of described shell body (2) is evenly equipped with some hypocycloidal tooths (5), the outer wall of described cycloid axle (4) is evenly equipped with some epicycloidal teeth (41), described epicycloidal tooth (41) is meshed with hypocycloidal tooth (5), makes described cycloid axle (4) can become track eccentric rotary relative to shell body (2); The upper eccentric shaft part (12) arranged of described eccentric shaft (1) is matched with in the inner chamber of cycloid axle (4) and forms revolute pair; The inner flow passage of described eccentric shaft (1), the inner flow passage of cycloid axle (4) are communicated with the inner flow passage of PDC drill bit (3).
2. can realize the PDC bit tool that eccentric swing rotates as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described eccentric shaft (1) is threadedly connected on mud motor output (8), and described shell body (2) is threadedly connected on DRILL-STRING SYSTEM end (9).
3. can realize the PDC bit tool that eccentric swing rotates as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described cycloid tooth (41) is meshed with the gear teeth (20) and forms in engaged transmission relation, gearratio >=7:1 that described eccentric shaft (1) and cycloid axle (4) are formed, and the eccentric distance e≤6mm of the upper eccentric shaft part (12) of described eccentric shaft (1).
4. can realize the PDC bit tool that eccentric swing rotates as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described cycloid tooth (41) is meshed with the gear teeth (20) and forms in engaged transmission relation, the gearratio that described eccentric shaft (1) and cycloid axle (4) are formed is 7, and the eccentric distance e of the upper eccentric shaft part (12) of described eccentric shaft (1) is 6mm.
5. the PDC bit tool that the realized eccentric swing as described in one of Claims 1-4 rotates, it is characterized in that: cycloid axle (4) is limited in shell body (2) by the upper lower contact (6) connected of described shell body (2), be provided with capacity eccentric bearing (7) in described lower contact (6), described PDC drill bit (3) is through the capacity eccentric bearing (7) in lower contact (6) and be threadedly connected to the lower end of cycloid axle (4).
6. can realize the PDC bit tool that eccentric swing rotates as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: between described PDC drill bit (3) and lower contact (6), be provided with floating hermetically-sealed construction (17), described floating hermetically-sealed construction (17) comprises floating ring (17a), gland (17b) and sealing ring (17d), wherein on the axial plane and sagittal plane of floating ring (17a), be provided with sealing ring (17d), described sealing ring (17d) fits on PDC drill bit (3) and gland (17b) respectively, make to be formed between PDC drill bit (3) and lower contact (6) to seal, described gland (17b) is connected in lower contact (6), described floating ring (17a) is positioned between gland (17b) and lower contact (6), and track eccentric rotary can be become with in the cavity of PDC drill bit (3) between lower contact (6) and gland (17b).
7. the PDC bit tool that the realized eccentric swing as described in one of claim 1 to 6 rotates, it is characterized in that: described eccentric shaft (1) is provided with eccentric shaft part (12) and the location shaft shoulder (13), radial thrust bearing group (10) is provided with between the inner chamber of wherein eccentric shaft part (12) and cycloid axle (4), be provided with sealing ring (16) between the lower surface of described eccentric shaft and cycloid axle (4) to seal, between the described location shaft shoulder (13) and shell body (2), be provided with journal bearing (15).
8. the PDC bit tool that the realized eccentric swing as described in one of claim 1 to 7 rotates, it is characterized in that: the outer wall of described shell body (2) is evenly equipped with some gauges stupefied (21), described gauge stupefied (21) is provided with some passive resistance to roll flutes (211) and/or active gage tooth (212); Described PDC drill bit (3) is provided with some wing structures, and described wing structure is furnished with some PDC teeth.
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| CN105507809A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-04-20 | 西南石油大学 | Rock breaking tool capable of achieving cutting in alternate trajectory |
| CN109138846A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-04 | 北京探矿工程研究所 | Double-core drilling tool with three blades |
| CN110344771A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-18 | 山东源运通矿山装备科技有限公司 | New Anchor Cable anchor bit |
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| CN103696696A (en) * | 2012-09-28 | 2014-04-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Anti-clamp sliding PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit |
| CN104196456A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 西南石油大学 | PDC drill tool with alternating cutting trajectory |
| CN204266924U (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2015-04-15 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of PDC bit tool with alternation Cutting trajectory |
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| CN104196456A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-10 | 西南石油大学 | PDC drill tool with alternating cutting trajectory |
| CN105507809A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-04-20 | 西南石油大学 | Rock breaking tool capable of achieving cutting in alternate trajectory |
| CN109138846A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-01-04 | 北京探矿工程研究所 | Double-core drilling tool with three blades |
| CN109138846B (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2023-09-15 | 北京探矿工程研究所 | Double-core drilling tool with three blades |
| CN110344771A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-18 | 山东源运通矿山装备科技有限公司 | New Anchor Cable anchor bit |
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Inventor after: Ren Haitao Inventor after: Zhang Chunliang Inventor after: Tang Yixin Inventor after: Yang Yingxin Inventor after: Chen Lian Inventor after: Zhou Chunxiao Inventor after: Bao Zejun Inventor after: Niu Shiwei Inventor after: Huang Kuilin Inventor after: Zhou Mi Inventor before: Ren Haitao Inventor before: Yang Yingxin Inventor before: Chen Lian Inventor before: Zhou Chunxiao Inventor before: Bao Zejun Inventor before: Niu Shiwei Inventor before: Huang Kuilin Inventor before: Zhou Mi Inventor before: Zhang Chunliang |
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Effective date of registration: 20181025 Address after: 610000 Kowloon Road, East Industrial Zone, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee after: Chengdu Huilingfeng Diamond Bit Co., Ltd. Address before: 610500 Xindu Road, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, No. 8 Patentee before: Southwest Petroleum University |
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Address after: 610000 Kowloon Avenue, industrial zone, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee after: Chengdu Huilingfeng Diamond Bit Co., Ltd. Address before: 610000 Kowloon Road, East Industrial Zone, Xindu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee before: Chengdu Huilingfeng Diamond Bit Co., Ltd. |
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